@misc{GambaJonesTeasdaleetal.2014,
  author    = {Gamba, Cristina and Jones, Eppie R. and Teasdale, Matthew D. and McLaughlin, Russell L. and Gonz{\´a}lez-Fortes, Gloria M. and Mattiangeli, Valeria and Dombor{\´o}czki, L{\´a}szl{\´o} and Kőv{\´a}ri, Ivett and Pap, Ildik{\´o} and Anders, Alexandra and Whittle, Alasdair and Dani, J{\´a}nos and Raczky, P{\´a}l and Higham, Thomas F. G. and Hofreiter, Michael and Bradley, Daniel G. and Pinhasi, Ron},
  title     = {Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1332},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43799},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437999},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (similar to 22x) and seven to similar to 1x coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe's genetic landscape. These data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size, suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe. The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PajoroMadrigalMuinoetal.2014,
  author    = {Pajoro, Alice and Madrigal, Pedro and Mui{\~n}o, Jose M. and Matus, Jos{\´e} Tom{\´a}s and Jin, Jian and Mecchia, Martin A. and Debernardi, Juan M. and Palatnik, Javier F. and Balazadeh, Salma and Arif, Muhammad and {\´O}'Maoil{\´e}idigh, Diarmuid S. and Wellmer, Frank and Krajewski, Pawel and Riechmann, Jos{\´e}-Luis and Angenent, Gerco C. and Kaufmann, Kerstin},
  title     = {Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene regulation by MADS-domain transcription factors in flower development},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43113},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431139},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Development of eukaryotic organisms is controlled by transcription factors that trigger specific and global changes in gene expression programs. In plants, MADS-domain transcription factors act as master regulators of developmental switches and organ specification. However, the mechanisms by which these factors dynamically regulate the expression of their target genes at different developmental stages are still poorly understood. Results: We characterized the relationship of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and DNA binding of two MADS-domain proteins at different stages of Arabidopsis flower development. Dynamic changes in APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 DNA binding correlated with changes in gene expression, and many of the target genes could be associated with the developmental stage in which they are transcriptionally controlled. We also observe dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during flower development. Remarkably, DNA binding of APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 is largely independent of the accessibility status of their binding regions and it can precede increases in DNA accessibility. These results suggest that APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 may modulate chromatin accessibility, thereby facilitating access of other transcriptional regulators to their target genes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that different homeotic factors regulate partly overlapping, yet also distinctive sets of target genes in a partly stage-specific fashion. By combining the information from DNA-binding and gene expression data, we are able to propose models of stage-specific regulatory interactions, thereby addressing dynamics of regulatory networks throughout flower development. Furthermore, MADS-domain TFs may regulate gene expression by alternative strategies, one of which is modulation of chromatin accessibility.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Mackert2014,
  author    = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The secret society and the social dynamics of terrorist behavior},
  series = {Revue de Synth{\`e}se},
  volume    = {135},
  journal   = {Revue de Synth{\`e}se},
  publisher = {Brill},
  address   = {Leiden},
  issn      = {1955-2343},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11873-014-0261-z},
  pages     = {331 -- 359},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The article argues that individualist accounts cannot adequately explain the social dynamics of terrorist behavior as they turn analyses of terrorism into analyses of terrorists. A relational approach that concentrates on the social relations between terrorist organizations and their members would be able to do this, however. Therefore, the article presents a formal analysis that makes the "secret society" of terrorists the lynchpin of an explanation of how terrorist organizations shape the behavioral conditions of volunteers and suicide terrorists in a manner that triggers a type of behavior we might call terrorism.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Mackert2014,
  author    = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Schließung, soziale},
  series = {Max Weber-Handbuch : Leben - Werk - Wirkung},
  journal   = {Max Weber-Handbuch : Leben - Werk - Wirkung},
  publisher = {WBG},
  address   = {Darmstadt},
  isbn      = {978-3-534-26348-6},
  pages     = {122 -- 124},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DorschDoerfler2014,
  author    = {Dorsch, Christian and D{\"o}rfler, Thomas},
  title     = {Organized hypocrisy of the international community},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Genozidforschung},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Genozidforschung},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Velbr{\"u}ck Wissenschaft},
  address   = {Weilerswist},
  issn      = {1438-8332},
  doi       = {10.5771/1438-8332-2014-1-2-8},
  pages     = {8 -- 31},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Faber2014,
  author    = {Faber, Eike},
  title     = {Von Ulfila bis Rekkared},
  series = {Potsdamer altertumswissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge ; Bd. 51},
  journal   = {Potsdamer altertumswissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge ; Bd. 51},
  publisher = {Steiner},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-515-10929-1},
  doi       = {10.25162/9783515109291},
  pages     = {300},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r etwa 200 Jahre, vom Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts bis 589 n. Chr., geh{\"o}ren die Westgoten einem von der Orthodoxie der Reichskirche abweichenden christlichen Bekenntnis an. Auf dem 3. Konzil von Toledo beendet K{\"o}nig Rekkared diesen Zustand religi{\"o}ser Alterit{\"a}t durch die Konversion zum Katholizismus. Die antiken Berichte zeichnen nur vordergr{\"u}ndig ein koh{\"a}rentes Bild des Christentums der Goten. Dagegen weist Eike Faber Widerspr{\"u}che und Fehler in der {\"U}berlieferung nach und bietet eine Reihe neuer Interpretationen an. Die genauere Betrachtung vermag dabei sowohl den dogmatischen Gehalt des Christentums der Goten sch{\"a}rfer zu konturieren als auch die Beweggr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Annahme des neuen Glaubens herauszustellen und die traditionelle Datierung dieses Vorgangs zu widerlegen. Schließlich wird deutlich, welche Funktion das fortgesetzte Festhalten an einer demonstrativ anderen religi{\"o}sen {\"U}berzeugung f{\"u}r die Goten hatte. Pr{\"a}gnante Wegmarken der gotischen Geschichte, wie die Bibel{\"u}bersetzung Ulfilas, die Eroberung und Pl{\"u}nderung Roms 410 n. Chr. oder die demonstrative Aufgabe der religi{\"o}sen Differenz durch K{\"o}nig Rekkared, werden erst durch diesen neuen, umfassenden Kontext verst{\"a}ndlich.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{ApelojgFichten2014,
  author    = {Apelojg, Benjamin and Fichten, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Experiment Unterricht},
  series = {Sammelband},
  journal   = {Sammelband},
  editor    = {Apelojg, Benjamin and Fichten, Wolfgang},
  publisher = {BIS-Verlag},
  address   = {Oldenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-8142-2313-1},
  pages     = {115},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Forschungsberichte aus der Oldenburger Teamforschung und dem WAT-Begleitseminar zum Praxissemester der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Apelojg2014,
  author    = {Apelojg, Benjamin},
  title     = {Innovationen-Kreativit{\"a}t-Schule},
  series = {Wissenschaft - Innovation- Technologie},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Wissenschaft - Innovation- Technologie},
  editor    = {Banse, Gerhard and Grimmeis, Hermann},
  publisher = {Trafo-Verlag},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3864640537},
  pages     = {325 -- 340},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-55162,
  title     = {Karlsruher Kommentar zum Gesetz {\"u}ber Ordnungswiedrigkeiten},
  editor    = {Senge, Lothar},
  edition   = {4., neu bearb.},
  publisher = {Beck},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-406-66044-3},
  pages     = {2001},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Botsch2014,
  author    = {Botsch, Gideon},
  title     = {„Nur der Freiheit …"?},
  series = {Jugendbewegung, Antisemitismus und rechtsradikale Politik Vom „Freideutschen Jugendtag" bis zur Gegenwart},
  journal   = {Jugendbewegung, Antisemitismus und rechtsradikale Politik Vom „Freideutschen Jugendtag" bis zur Gegenwart},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Oldenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-030642-2},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110306422},
  pages     = {242 -- 261},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BotschHaverkamp2014,
  author    = {Botsch, Gideon and Haverkamp, Josef},
  title     = {Einleitung},
  series = {Jugendbewegung, Antisemitismus und rechtsradikale Politik Vom „Freideutschen Jugendtag" bis zur Gegenwart},
  journal   = {Jugendbewegung, Antisemitismus und rechtsradikale Politik Vom „Freideutschen Jugendtag" bis zur Gegenwart},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Oldenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-030642-2},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110306422},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-52819,
  title     = {Jugendbewegung, Antisemitismus und rechtsradikale Politik},
  series = {Europ{\"a}isch-j{\"u}dische Studien - Beitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Europ{\"a}isch-j{\"u}dische Studien - Beitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {13},
  editor    = {Botsch, Gideon and Haverkamp, Josef},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Oldenburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-030642-2},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110306422},
  pages     = {294},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Im Jahr 2013 j{\"a}hrte sich zum 100. Mal der „Freideutsche Jugendtag" auf dem Hohen Meißner. Am Rande dieses historischen Treffens, das als erste große Manifestation der „Deutschen Jugendbewegung" gilt, kam es zu antisemitischen Ausf{\"a}llen. In der Folge entstand erstmals ein „v{\"o}lkischer Fl{\"u}gel" der Jugendbewegung. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg gerieten weite Teile der Jugendbewegung, die sich nun als „B{\"u}ndische Jugend" begriff, in nationalistisches Fahrwasser und ließen sich f{\"u}r rechtsextreme Politik mobilisieren. 1933 in die Illegalit{\"a}t gezwungen, wandte sich die Mehrheit der seit 1945 wieder- oder neubegr{\"u}ndeten B{\"u}nde und Verb{\"a}nde zwar der demokratischen Gesellschaft zu, rechtsextreme Jugendgruppen und Publizisten versuchten aber wiederholt, das jugendbewegte Erbe zu vereinnahmen. Der Sammelband wird das Spannungsfeld zwischen Jugendbewegung, Nationalismus und Antisemitismus ausleuchten, wobei erstmals auch j{\"u}ngere bis j{\"u}ngste Erscheinungen in den Blick genommen werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{BaldKeller2014,
  author    = {Bald, Ilko and Keller, Adrian},
  title     = {Molecular processes studied at a single-molecule level using DNA origami nanostructures and atomic force microscopy},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47584},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475843},
  pages     = {13803 -- 13823},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {DNA origami nanostructures allow for the arrangement of different functionalities such as proteins, specific DNA structures, nanoparticles, and various chemical modifications with unprecedented precision. The arranged functional entities can be visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) which enables the study of molecular processes at a single-molecular level. Examples comprise the investigation of chemical reactions, electron-induced bond breaking, enzymatic binding and cleavage events, and conformational transitions in DNA. In this paper, we provide an overview of the advances achieved in the field of single-molecule investigations by applying atomic force microscopy to functionalized DNA origami substrates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Hildebrandt2014,
  author    = {Hildebrandt, Dieter},
  title     = {A software reference architecture for service-oriented 3D geovisualization systems},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1131},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47583},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475831},
  pages     = {48},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Modern 3D geovisualization systems (3DGeoVSs) are complex and evolving systems that are required to be adaptable and leverage distributed resources, including massive geodata. This article focuses on 3DGeoVSs built based on the principles of service-oriented architectures, standards and image-based representations (SSI) to address practically relevant challenges and potentials. Such systems facilitate resource sharing and agile and efficient system construction and change in an interoperable manner, while exploiting images as efficient, decoupled and interoperable representations. The software architecture of a 3DGeoVS and its underlying visualization model have strong effects on the system's quality attributes and support various system life cycle activities. This article contributes a software reference architecture (SRA) for 3DGeoVSs based on SSI that can be used to design, describe and analyze concrete software architectures with the intended primary benefit of an increase in effectiveness and efficiency in such activities. The SRA integrates existing, proven technology and novel contributions in a unique manner. As the foundation for the SRA, we propose the generalized visualization pipeline model that generalizes and overcomes expressiveness limitations of the prevalent visualization pipeline model. To facilitate exploiting image-based representations (IReps), the SRA integrates approaches for the representation, provisioning and styling of and interaction with IReps. Five applications of the SRA provide proofs of concept for the general applicability and utility of the SRA. A qualitative evaluation indicates the overall suitability of the SRA, its applications and the general approach of building 3DGeoVSs based on SSI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kuettner2014,
  author    = {K{\"u}ttner, Uwe-Alexander},
  title     = {Rhythmic analyses as a proof-procedure?},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe},
  number    = {172},
  issn      = {1866-8380},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44536},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445363},
  pages     = {26},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This paper reports a problematic case of unequivocally evidencing participant orientation to the projective force of some turn-initial demonstrative wh-clefts (DCs) within the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA) and Interactional Linguistics (IL). Conducting rhythmic analyses appears helpful in this regard, in that they disclose rhythmic regularities which suggest a speaker's orientation towards a projected turn continuation. In this particular case, rhythmic analyses can therefore be shown to meaningfully complement sequential analyses and analyses of turn-design, so as to gather additional evidence for participant orientations. In conclusion, I will point to possibly more extensive relations between rhythmicity and projection and proffer a tentative outlook for the usability of rhythmic analyses as an analytic tool in CA and IL.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HuynenSuzukiOguraetal.2014,
  author    = {Huynen, Leon and Suzuki, Takayuki and Ogura, Toshihiko and Watanabe, Yusuke and Millar, Craig D. and Hofreiter, Michael and Smith, Craig and Mirmoeini, Sara and Lambert, David M.},
  title     = {Reconstruction and in vivo analysis of the extinct tbx5 gene from ancient wingless moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes)},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1117},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43159},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431599},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background The forelimb-specific gene tbx5 is highly conserved and essential for the development of forelimbs in zebrafish, mice, and humans. Amongst birds, a single order, Dinornithiformes, comprising the extinct wingless moa of New Zealand, are unique in having no skeletal evidence of forelimb-like structures. Results To determine the sequence of tbx5 in moa, we used a range of PCR-based techniques on ancient DNA to retrieve all nine tbx5 exons and splice sites from the giant moa, Dinornis. Moa Tbx5 is identical to chicken Tbx5 in being able to activate the downstream promotors of fgf10 and ANF. In addition we show that missexpression of moa tbx5 in the hindlimb of chicken embryos results in the formation of forelimb features, suggesting that Tbx5 was fully functional in wingless moa. An alternatively spliced exon 1 for tbx5 that is expressed specifically in the forelimb region was shown to be almost identical between moa and ostrich, suggesting that, as well as being fully functional, tbx5 is likely to have been expressed normally in moa since divergence from their flighted ancestors, approximately 60 mya. Conclusions The results suggests that, as in mice, moa tbx5 is necessary for the induction of forelimbs, but is not sufficient for their outgrowth. Moa Tbx5 may have played an important role in the development of moa's remnant forelimb girdle, and may be required for the formation of this structure. Our results further show that genetic changes affecting genes other than tbx5 must be responsible for the complete loss of forelimbs in moa.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BadalyanDierichStibaetal.2014,
  author    = {Badalyan, Artavazd and Dierich, Marlen and Stiba, Konstanze and Schwuchow, Viola and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers},
  series = {Biosensors},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Biosensors},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/bios4040403},
  pages     = {403 -- 421},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below -0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A "reagentless" biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10-150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9\%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BadalyanDierichStibaetal.2014,
  author    = {Badalyan, Artavazd and Dierich, Marlen and Stiba, Konstanze and Schwuchow, Viola and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Wollenberger, Ulla},
  title     = {Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1082},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47507},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475070},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below -0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A "reagentless" biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10-150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9\%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ViouxTaubert2014,
  author    = {Vioux, Andr{\´e} and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Ionic liquids 2014 and selected papers from ILMAT 2013},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1055},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47506},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475062},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{YarmanScheller2014,
  author    = {Yarman, Aysu and Scheller, Frieder W.},
  title     = {The first electrochemical MIP sensor for tamoxifen},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1046},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47617},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476173},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {We present an electrochemical MIP sensor for tamoxifen (TAM)-a nonsteroidal anti-estrogen-which is based on the electropolymerisation of an O-phenylenediamine. resorcinol mixture directly on the electrode surface in the presence of the template molecule. Up to now only. bulk. MIPs for TAM have been described in literature, which are applied for separation in chromatography columns. Electro-polymerisation of the monomers in the presence of TAM generated a film which completely suppressed the reduction of ferricyanide. Removal of the template gave a markedly increased ferricyanide signal, which was again suppressed after rebinding as expected for filling of the cavities by target binding. The decrease of the ferricyanide peak of the MIP electrode depended linearly on the TAM concentration between 1 and 100 nM. The TAM-imprinted electrode showed a 2.3 times higher recognition of the template molecule itself as compared to its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen and no cross-reactivity with the anticancer drug doxorubucin was found. Measurements at + 1.1 V caused a fouling of the electrode surface, whilst pretreatment of TAM with peroxide in presence of HRP generated an oxidation product which was reducible at 0 mV, thus circumventing the polymer formation and electrochemical interferences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Laschewsky2014,
  author    = {Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Structures and synthesis of zwitterionic polymers},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1043},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47616},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476167},
  pages     = {60},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The structures and synthesis of polyzwitterions ("polybetaines") are reviewed, emphasizing the literature of the past decade. Particular attention is given to the general challenges faced, and to successful strategies to obtain polymers with a true balance of permanent cationic and anionic groups, thus resulting in an overall zero charge. Also, the progress due to applying new methodologies from general polymer synthesis, such as controlled polymerization methods or the use of "click" chemical reactions is presented. Furthermore, the emerging topic of responsive ("smart") polyzwitterions is addressed. The considerations and critical discussions are illustrated by typical examples.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HaegeleSchlagenhaufRappetal.2014,
  author    = {H{\"a}gele, Claudia and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael Armin and Sterzer, Philipp and Beck, Anne and Bermpohl, Felix and Stoy, Meline and Str{\"o}hle, Andreas and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Dolan, Raymond J. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Dimensional psychiatry},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {653},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43106},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431064},
  pages     = {331 -- 341},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {A dimensional approach in psychiatry aims to identify core mechanisms of mental disorders across nosological boundaries. We compared anticipation of reward between major psychiatric disorders, and investigated whether reward anticipation is impaired in several mental disorders and whether there is a common psychopathological correlate (negative mood) of such an impairment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task to study the functional correlates of reward anticipation across major psychiatric disorders in 184 subjects, with the diagnoses of alcohol dependence (n = 26), schizophrenia (n = 44), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 24), bipolar disorder (acute manic episode, n = 13), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 54). Subjects' individual Beck Depression Inventory-and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-scores were correlated with clusters showing significant activation during reward anticipation. During reward anticipation, we observed significant group differences in ventral striatal (VS) activation: patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and major depression showed significantly less ventral striatal activation compared to healthy controls. Depressive symptoms correlated with dysfunction in reward anticipation regardless of diagnostic entity. There was no significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and VS functional activation. Our findings demonstrate a neurobiological dysfunction related to reward prediction that transcended disorder categories and was related to measures of depressed mood. The findings underline the potential of a dimensional approach in psychiatry and strengthen the hypothesis that neurobiological research in psychiatric disorders can be targeted at core mechanisms that are likely to be implicated in a range of clinical entities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KerstingRauschBieretal.2014,
  author    = {Kersting, Sebastian and Rausch, Valentina and Bier, Frank Fabian and von Nickisch-Rosenegk, Markus},
  title     = {Rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow analysis},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {948},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43156},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431562},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background Nucleic acid amplification is the most sensitive and specific method to detect Plasmodium falciparum. However the polymerase chain reaction remains laboratory-based and has to be conducted by trained personnel. Furthermore, the power dependency for the thermocycling process and the costly equipment necessary for the read-out are difficult to cover in resource-limited settings. This study aims to develop and evaluate a combination of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and simple lateral flow dipstick detection of the malaria parasite for point-of-care testing. Methods A specific fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of P. falciparum was amplified in 10 min at a constant 38°C using the isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method. With a unique probe system added to the reaction solution, the amplification product can be visualized on a simple lateral flow strip without further labelling. The combination of these methods was tested for sensitivity and specificity with various Plasmodium and other protozoa/bacterial strains, as well as with human DNA. Additional investigations were conducted to analyse the temperature optimum, reaction speed and robustness of this assay. Results The lateral flow RPA (LF-RPA) assay exhibited a high sensitivity and specificity. Experiments confirmed a detection limit as low as 100 fg of genomic P. falciparum DNA, corresponding to a sensitivity of approximately four parasites per reaction. All investigated P. falciparum strains (n = 77) were positively tested while all of the total 11 non-Plasmodium samples, showed a negative test result. The enzymatic reaction can be conducted under a broad range of conditions from 30-45°C with high inhibitory concentration of known PCR inhibitors. A time to result of 15 min from start of the reaction to read-out was determined. Conclusions Combining the isothermal RPA and the lateral flow detection is an approach to improve molecular diagnostic for P. falciparum in resource-limited settings. The system requires none or only little instrumentation for the nucleic acid amplification reaction and the read-out is possible with the naked eye. Showing the same sensitivity and specificity as comparable diagnostic methods but simultaneously increasing reaction speed and dramatically reducing assay requirements, the method has potential to become a true point-of-care test for the malaria parasite.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ThiekenCammererDobleretal.2014,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Cammerer, Holger and Dobler, Christian and Lammel, Johannes and Sch{\"o}berl, Fritz},
  title     = {Estimating changes in flood risks and benefits of non-structural adaptation strategies},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {910},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43228},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432282},
  pages     = {36},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Flood damage has increased significantly and is expected to rise further in many parts of the world. For assessing potential changes in flood risk, this paper presents an integrated model chain quantifying flood hazards and losses while considering climate and land use changes. In the case study region, risk estimates for the present and the near future illustrate that changes in flood risk by 2030 are relatively low compared to historic periods. While the impact of climate change on the flood hazard and risk by 2030 is slight or negligible, strong urbanisation associated with economic growth contributes to a remarkable increase in flood risk. Therefore, it is recommended to frequently consider land use scenarios and economic developments when assessing future flood risks. Further, an adapted and sustainable risk management is necessary to encounter rising flood losses, in which non-structural measures are becoming more and more important. The case study demonstrates that adaptation by non-structural measures such as stricter land use regulations or enhancement of private precaution is capable of reducing flood risk by around 30 \%. Ignoring flood risks, in contrast, always leads to further increasing losses-with our assumptions by 17 \%. These findings underline that private precaution and land use regulation could be taken into account as low cost adaptation strategies to global climate change in many flood prone areas. Since such measures reduce flood risk regardless of climate or land use changes, they can also be recommended as no-regret measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BoeckmannOsterloh2014,
  author    = {B{\"o}ckmann, Christine and Osterloh, Lukas},
  title     = {Runge-Kutta type regularization method for inversion of spheroidal particle distribution from limited optical data},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {907},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44120},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441200},
  pages     = {150 -- 165},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The Runge-Kutta type regularization method was recently proposed as a potent tool for the iterative solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems. In this paper we analyze the applicability of this regularization method for solving inverse problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing, particularly for the retrieval of spheroidal particle distribution. Our numerical simulations reveal that the Runge-Kutta type regularization method is able to retrieve two-dimensional particle distributions using optical backscatter and extinction coefficient profiles, as well as depolarization information.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WangZoellerHainzl2014,
  author    = {Wang, Lifeng and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Hainzl, Sebastian},
  title     = {Joint determination of slip and stress drop in a Bayesian inversion approach:},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {888},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43551},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435511},
  pages     = {375 -- 388},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Stress drop is a key factor in earthquake mechanics and engineering seismology. However, stress drop calculations based on fault slip can be significantly biased, particularly due to subjectively determined smoothing conditions in the traditional least-square slip inversion. In this study, we introduce a mechanically constrained Bayesian approach to simultaneously invert for fault slip and stress drop based on geodetic measurements. A Gaussian distribution for stress drop is implemented in the inversion as a prior. We have done several synthetic tests to evaluate the stability and reliability of the inversion approach, considering different fault discretization, fault geometries, utilized datasets, and variability of the slip direction, respectively. We finally apply the approach to the 2010 M8.8 Maule earthquake and invert for the coseismic slip and stress drop simultaneously. Two fault geometries from the literature are tested. Our results indicate that the derived slip models based on both fault geometries are similar, showing major slip north of the hypocenter and relatively weak slip in the south, as indicated in the slip models of other studies. The derived mean stress drop is 5-6 MPa, which is close to the stress drop of similar to 7 MPa that was independently determined according to force balance in this region Luttrell et al. (J Geophys Res, 2011). These findings indicate that stress drop values can be consistently extracted from geodetic data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Wallenta2014,
  author    = {Wallenta, Daniel},
  title     = {A Lefschetz fixed point formula for elliptic quasicomplexes},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {885},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43547},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435471},
  pages     = {577 -- 587},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In a recent paper, the Lefschetz number for endomorphisms (modulo trace class operators) of sequences of trace class curvature was introduced. We show that this is a well defined, canonical extension of the classical Lefschetz number and establish the homotopy invariance of this number. Moreover, we apply the results to show that the Lefschetz fixed point formula holds for geometric quasiendomorphisms of elliptic quasicomplexes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ArniCaliendoKuennetal.2014,
  author    = {Arni, Patrick and Caliendo, Marco and K{\"u}nn, Steffen and Zimmermann, Klaus F.},
  title     = {The IZA evaluation dataset survey},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {122},
  issn      = {1867-5808},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43520},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435204},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This reference paper describes the sampling and contents of the IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey and outlines its vast potential for research in labor economics. The data have been part of a unique IZA project to connect administrative data from the German Federal Employment Agency with innovative survey data to study the out-mobility of individuals to work. This study makes the survey available to the research community as a Scientific Use File by explaining the development, structure, and access to the data. Furthermore, it also summarizes previous findings with the survey data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FriedelSchlagenhaufBecketal.2014,
  author    = {Friedel, Eva and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Beck, Anne and Dolan, Raymond J. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {The effects of life stress and neural learning signals on fluid intelligence},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {621},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43514},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435140},
  pages     = {35 -- 43},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ZulawskiSchulzeBraginetsetal.2014,
  author    = {Zulawski, Monika and Schulze, Gunnar and Braginets, Rostyslav and Hartmann, Stefanie and Schulze, Waltraud X},
  title     = {The Arabidopsis Kinome},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {861},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43290},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432907},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background Protein kinases constitute a particularly large protein family in Arabidopsis with important functions in cellular signal transduction networks. At the same time Arabidopsis is a model plant with high frequencies of gene duplications. Here, we have conducted a systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis kinase complement, the kinome, with particular focus on gene duplication events. We matched Arabidopsis proteins to a Hidden-Markov Model of eukaryotic kinases and computed a phylogeny of 942 Arabidopsis protein kinase domains and mapped their origin by gene duplication. Results The phylogeny showed two major clades of receptor kinases and soluble kinases, each of which was divided into functional subclades. Based on this phylogeny, association of yet uncharacterized kinases to families was possible which extended functional annotation of unknowns. Classification of gene duplications within these protein kinases revealed that representatives of cytosolic subfamilies showed a tendency to maintain segmentally duplicated genes, while some subfamilies of the receptor kinases were enriched for tandem duplicates. Although functional diversification is observed throughout most subfamilies, some instances of functional conservation among genes transposed from the same ancestor were observed. In general, a significant enrichment of essential genes was found among genes encoding for protein kinases. Conclusions The inferred phylogeny allowed classification and annotation of yet uncharacterized kinases. The prediction and analysis of syntenic blocks and duplication events within gene families of interest can be used to link functional biology to insights from an evolutionary viewpoint. The approach undertaken here can be applied to any gene family in any organism with an annotated genome.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KibeleClassenMuehlbaueretal.2014,
  author    = {Kibele, Armin and Classen, Claudia and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Granacher, Urs and Behm, David George},
  title     = {Metastability in plyometric training on unstable surfaces},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {606},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42901},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429013},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background In the past, plyometric training (PT) has been predominantly performed on stable surfaces. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine effects of a 7-week lower body PT on stable vs. unstable surfaces. This type of exercise condition may be denoted as metastable equilibrium. Methods Thirty-three physically active male sport science students (age: 24.1 ± 3.8 years) were randomly assigned to a PT group (n = 13) exercising on stable (STAB) and a PT group (n = 20) on unstable surfaces (INST). Both groups trained countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and practiced a hurdle jump course. In addition, high bar squats were performed. Physical fitness tests on stable surfaces (hexagonal obstacle test, countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, left-right hop, dynamic and static balance tests, and leg extension strength) were used to examine the training effects. Results Significant main effects of time (ANOVA) were found for the countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, hexagonal test, dynamic balance, and leg extension strength. A significant interaction of time and training mode was detected for the countermovement jump in favor of the INST group. No significant improvements were evident for either group in the left-right hop and in the static balance test. Conclusions These results show that lower body PT on unstable surfaces is a safe and efficient way to improve physical performance on stable surfaces.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BrennerKnuettgenTjimbaweetal.2014,
  author    = {Brenner, Ulrich and Kn{\"u}ttgen, Anno and Tjimbawe, Brigitte and Krauss, Sandro and Ballerst{\"a}dt, Moritz and Jenny, Kr{\"u}ger and Wolter, Thomas and Kolbuch, Sandy and Puschmann, Matthias},
  title     = {Portal alumni},
  series = {Das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  journal   = {Das Ehemaligen-Magazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  number    = {11},
  organization    = {Stabsstelle Studierendenmarketing/Alumniprogramm Im Auftrag der Pr{\"a}sidentin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  issn      = {1613-2343},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44527},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445274},
  pages     = {52},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Die Beliebtheit von Medienberufen ist ungebrochen. Das zeigt sich unter anderem an der Zahl der Studieninteressierten. So haben sich allein in diesem Jahr mehr als 1 500 junge Leute auf einen der 44 Pl{\"a}tze f{\"u}r den Studiengang Medienwissenschaft an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam beworben. Nach ihrem erfolgreichen Abschluss allerdings konkurrieren die Absolventen am Arbeitsmarkt mit Tausenden Abg{\"a}ngern anderer Hochschulen aus Film-, Medien- und Kommunikationsstudieng{\"a}ngen. Das sind allein in der Region Berlin-Brandenburg j{\"a}hrlich etwa 1 500. Doch nach jahrzehntelangem Boom der Medienbranche hat sich der Arbeitsmarkt im vergangenen Jahrzehnt drastisch ver{\"a}ndert. Konjunkturkrise, Kursr{\"u}ckg{\"a}nge und r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufige Werbeinvestitionen schw{\"a}chten die Medien deutlich. Es folgten daraus schlechte Gewinnergebnisse, Einsparungen und Personalreduzierung, insbesondere bei den Printmedien. Die Insolvenz der Frankfurter Rundschau oder die Einstellung der Financial Times Deutschland sind nur zwei eklatante Beispiele. Auf der anderen Seite boomt der dynamische Online-Markt aufgrund des ver{\"a}nderten Nutzerverhaltens insbesondere der jungen Generation, die ihre Informationen zunehmend aus Internet, Apps und sozialen Netzwerken gewinnen. Die Berufsaussichten f{\"u}r all Jene, die „Irgendwas mit Medien" studieren wollen sind zwar aufgrund des Arbeitsmarktes schwieriger geworden, sie sind aber dennoch vielf{\"a}ltig. Guter Journalismus wird weiterhin ben{\"o}tigt und auch {\"O}ffentlichkeitsarbeiter sind gefragt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus stehen Absolventen der Kommunikationswissenschaften die T{\"u}ren in die Medienplanung oder in der Markt- und Meinungsforschung offen. Und nicht zuletzt sind Experten in der Online-Branche gefragt. Portal alumni hat sich in diesem Jahr daf{\"u}r interessiert, welche Karrierewege Absolventen der der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam in Medienberufen bisher gegangen sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass auch hier die Wege selten linear verlaufen und berufliche Erfolge sich keineswegs leicht einstellten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Kuettner2014,
  author    = {K{\"u}ttner, Uwe-Alexander},
  title     = {Opening Up CA - An Interactional Linguist's View on ICCA-14},
  series = {Gespr{\"a}chsforschung : Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion},
  journal   = {Gespr{\"a}chsforschung : Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {Verlag f{\"u}r Gespr{\"a}chsforschung},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  issn      = {1617-1837},
  pages     = {264 -- 289},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kupetz2014,
  author    = {Kupetz, Maxi},
  title     = {'Mitf{\"u}hlend sprechen'},
  series = {Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion = Prosody and phonetics in interaction},
  journal   = {Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion = Prosody and phonetics in interaction},
  publisher = {Verlag f{\"u}r Gespr{\"a}chsforschung},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  isbn      = {978-3-936656-60-2},
  pages     = {87 -- 114},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Im Zentrum dieser interaktional-linguistischen Untersuchung steht die Frage, welchen Beitrag die prosodisch-phonetische Gestaltung einer {\"A}ußerung zu ihrer Interpretation als Darstellung von Empathie leistet. Dem liegt eine interaktionale Auffassung von Empathie zu Grunde: Empathie wird nicht als psychoemotionaler Zustand konzeptualisiert, sondern als Darstellung von Verstehen/ Verst{\"a}ndnis/ Mitgef{\"u}hl/ Mitleid in sozialer Interaktion. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die interaktive Bearbeitung pers{\"o}nlicher Erlebnisse in deutschen Alltagsgespr{\"a}chen. Es wird gezeigt, dass - an spezifischen sequentiellen Positionen - Kombinationen folgender prosodisch-phonetischer Ressourcen potenziell relevant sind, um {\"A}ußerungen als empathisch, hier i.S.v. 'mitf{\"u}hlend', interpretierbar zu machen: geringere und/ oder abnehmende Lautst{\"a}rke/ Diminuendo, tiefes Tonh{\"o}henregister, flach auslaufende Kontur, Behauchung, Knarrstimme, geringe Sprechspannung/ weiche Artikulation, Silbendehnung, Lippenrundung, rhythmische Integration/ Legato-Rhythmus.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{KoeserKuettnerKupetzetal.2014,
  author    = {K{\"o}ser, Stephanie and K{\"u}ttner, Uwe-Alexander and Kupetz, Maxi and Trouvain, J{\"u}rgen and Truong, Khiet P. and Bose, Ines and Kurtenbach, Stephanie and Szczepek Reed, Beatrice and Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth},
  title     = {Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion},
  editor    = {Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar and Beatrice, Szczepek Reed},
  publisher = {Verlag f{\"u}r Gespr{\"a}chsforschung},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  isbn      = {978-3-936656-60-2},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Phonetics and prosody have long been recognised as fundamental aspects of spoken discourse. Specifically, the prosody and phonetics of talk-in-interaction have become a field of study in its own right, with the majority of work to date focussing on the structuring of talk, turn-taking, and the contextualization of social practices, actions, genres, styles, affect etc. This volume presents an introduction to basic terms and concepts of prosodic-phonetic research as well as new contributions by young and established researchers in the field, for example, in the area of prosody and phonetics of affect display, public performance, institutional interaction, and sequence organisation. At the same time, it provides a survey of the methods currently employed and is thus aimed at students of language and interaction from a wide range of backgrounds as well as more experienced researchers and novices alike.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Kuettner2014,
  author    = {K{\"u}ttner, Uwe-Alexander},
  title     = {Rhythmic analyses as a proof-procedure?},
  series = {Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion = Prosody and phonetics in interaction},
  journal   = {Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion = Prosody and phonetics in interaction},
  publisher = {Verlag f{\"u}r Gespr{\"a}chsforschung},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  isbn      = {978-3-936656-60-2},
  pages     = {46 -- 69},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This paper reports a problematic case of unequivocally evidencing participant orientation to the projective force of some turn-initial demonstrative wh-clefts (DCs) within the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA) and Interactional Linguistics (IL). Conducting rhythmic analyses appears helpful in this regard, in that they disclose rhythmic regularities which suggest a speaker's orientation towards a projected turn continuation. In this particular case, rhythmic analyses can therefore be shown to meaningfully complement sequential analyses and analyses of turn-design, so as to gather additional evidence for participant orientations. In conclusion, I will point to possibly more extensive relations between rhythmicity and projection and proffer a tentative outlook for the usability of rhythmic analyses as an analytic tool in CA and IL.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MorelCastroFossatietal.2014,
  author    = {Morel, T. and Castro, Norberto and Fossati, Luca and Hubrig, Swetlana and Langer, N. and Przybilla, Norbert and Sch{\"o}ller, Markus and Carroll, Thorsten Anthony and Ilyin, Ilya and Irrgang, Andreas and Oskinova, Lida and Schneider, Fabian R. N. and Simon D{\´i}az, Sergio and Briquet, Maryline and Gonz{\´a}lez, Jean-Francois and Kharchenko, Nina and Nieva, M.-F. and Scholz, Ralf-Dieter and de Koter, Alexander and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Herrero, Artemio and Ma{\´i}z Apell{\´a}niz, Jesus and Sana, Hugues and Arlt, Rainer and Barb{\´a}, Rodolfo H. and Dufton, Polly and Kholtygin, Alexander and Mathys, Gautier and Piskunov, Anatoly E. and Reisenegger, Andreas and Spruit, H. and Yoon, S.-C.},
  title     = {The B fields in OB stars (BOB) survey},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {821},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41523},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415238},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The B fields in OB stars (BOB) survey is an ESO large programme collecting spectropolarimetric observations for a large number of early-type stars in order to study the occurrence rate, properties, and ultimately the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars. As of July 2014, a total of 98 objects were observed over 20 nights with FORS2 and HARPSpol. Our preliminary results indicate that the fraction of magnetic OB stars with an organised, detectable field is low. This conclusion, now independently reached by two different surveys, has profound implications for any theoretical model attempting to explain the field formation in these objects. We discuss in this contribution some important issues addressed by our observations (e.g., the lower bound of the field strength) and the discovery of some remarkable objects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EhrigGolasHabeletal.2014,
  author    = {Ehrig, Hartmut and Golas, Ulrike and Habel, Annegret and Lambers, Leen and Orejas, Fernando},
  title     = {M-adhesive transformation systems with nested application conditions},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Digital Engineering Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Digital Engineering Reihe},
  number    = {001},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41565},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415651},
  pages     = {50},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Nested application conditions generalise the well-known negative application conditions and are important for several application domains. In this paper, we present Local Church-Rosser, Parallelism, Concurrency and Amalgamation Theorems for rules with nested application conditions in the framework of M-adhesive categories, where M-adhesive categories are slightly more general than weak adhesive high-level replacement categories. Most of the proofs are based on the corresponding statements for rules without application conditions and two shift lemmas stating that nested application conditions can be shifted over morphisms and rules.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DemskeLogacevGoldschmidt2014,
  author    = {Demske, Ulrike and Logacev, Pavel and Goldschmidt, Katrin},
  title     = {POS-Tagging Historical Corpora: The Case of Early New High German},
  series = {Proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on treebanks and linguistic theories (TLT 13)},
  volume    = {2014},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on treebanks and linguistic theories (TLT 13)},
  publisher = {TALAR - T{\"u}bingen Archive of Language Resources},
  address   = {T{\"u}bingen},
  pages     = {103 -- 112},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {A key problem in automatic annotation of historical corpora is inconsistent spelling. Because the spelling of some word forms can differ between texts, a language model trained on already annotated treebanks may fail to recognize known word forms due to differences in spelling. In the present work, we explore the feasibility of an unsupervised method for spelling-adjustment for the purpose of improved part of speech (POS) tagging. To this end, we present a method for spelling normalization based on weighted edit distances, which exploits within-text spelling variation. We then evaluate the improvement in taging accuracy resulting from between-texts spelling normalization in two tagging experiments on several Early New High German (ENHG) texts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchmidtEckardtMarszałeketal.2014,
  author    = {Schmidt, Anna and Eckardt, Barbara and Marszałek, Magdalena and G{\"o}rlich, Petra and Bieber, Sabine and Kampe, Heike and J{\"a}ger, Sophie and Horn-Conrad, Antje and G{\"u}nther, Oliver and Seckler, Robert and Sepp{\"a}, Silvana and Guske, Katja and Szameitat, Ulrike and Bezzenberger, Tilman and S{\"u}tterlin, Sabine and Weller, Nina and Klauke, Lars},
  title     = {Portal = Sommer an der Uni: Leere H{\"o}rs{\"a}le? Volle Terminkalender!},
  number    = {03/2014},
  organization    = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Referat f{\"u}r Presse- und {\"O}ffentlichkeitsarbeit},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44302},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443021},
  pages     = {42},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Aus dem Inhalt: - Sommer an der Uni: Leere H{\"o}rs{\"a}le? Volle Terminkalender! - St{\"a}rken st{\"a}rken - Unter Stress},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{GuentherWellerJaegeretal.2014,
  author    = {G{\"u}nther, Oliver and Weller, Nina and J{\"a}ger, Sophie and Grabsch, Gabriele and Eckardt, Barbara and S{\"u}tterlin, Sabine and Kampe, Heike and Szameitat, Ulrike and Lange, Ruth and Zimmermann, Matthias and Horn-Conrad, Antje},
  title     = {Portal = Investition in die Zukunft: Forschung f{\"u}r die digitale Gesellschaft},
  number    = {01/2014},
  organization    = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Referat f{\"u}r Presse- und {\"O}ffentlichkeitsarbeit},
  issn      = {1618-6893},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44271},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442712},
  pages     = {42},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Aus dem Inhalt: - Investition in die Zukunft: Forschung f{\"u}r die digitale Gesellschaft - Doppelt stark - Eine f{\"u}r alles},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KutznerSteinert2014,
  author    = {Kutzner, Tobias and Steinert, Christian},
  title     = {Unterst{\"u}tzung der Studienvorbereitung durch den Einsatz ausgew{\"a}hlter eLearning Tools},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44240},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442405},
  pages     = {55 -- 56},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {An der BTU finden freiwillige Kurse zur Studienvorbereitung, im Rahmen des BMBF gef{\"o}rderten Projektes „Blended Learning Anfangsh{\"u}rden erkennen zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der fachspezifischen Studienvorbereitung und des Lernerfolges im ersten Studienjahr", statt. Die Kluft zwischen notwendigen und tats{\"a}chlich vorhandenen F{\"a}higkeiten ist in der Mathematik bei vielen angehenden Studierenden groß und die zur Verf{\"u}gung stehende Zeit oft zu gering. Hier setzt dieses Konzept an. Neben Pr{\"a}senzveranstaltungen enth{\"a}lt der Kurs unterst{\"u}tzte Selbstlernphasen. Diese werden durch einen virtuellen Kursraum und einer Anwendung f{\"u}r mobile Endger{\"a}te (App) unterst{\"u}tzt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZoernerKoehlmannBrandt2014,
  author    = {Zoerner, Dietmar and K{\"o}hlmann, Wiebke and Brandt, Christopher},
  title     = {Mobiles spielebasiertes Lernen an historischen Lernorten},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44235},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442354},
  pages     = {53 -- 54},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen eines interdisziplin{\"a}ren studentischen Projekts wurde ein Framework f{\"u}r mobile pervasive Lernspiele entwickelt. Am Beispiel des historischen Lernortes Park Sanssouci wurde auf dieser Grundlage ein Lernspiel f{\"u}r Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler implementiert. Die geplante Evaluation soll die Lernwirksamkeit von geobasierten mobilen Lernspielen messen. Dazu wird die Intensit{\"a}t des Flow-Erlebens mit einer ortsgebundenen alternativen Umsetzung verglichen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KallookaranRobraBissantz2014,
  author    = {Kallookaran, Michael and Robra-Bissantz, Susanne},
  title     = {Einsatz einer nativen mobilen Applikation zum Lernen und Kooperieren},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44234},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442341},
  pages     = {51 -- 52},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Das gesteckte Ziel unserer Applikation ist es nicht nur die st{\"a}ndige Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von Lernmaterialien zu erm{\"o}glichen, sondern auch die gesamte Kommunikation zwischen Dozenten und Studierenden, sowie Studierende unter sich, zu ver{\"a}ndern. Eine Mischung aus E-Learning, Blended-Learning und Mobile- Learning soll es hier allen Teilnehmer erm{\"o}glichen, ortsungebunden zu agieren. Neue Funktionen sollen es den Studierenden erm{\"o}glichen, besser miteinander zu arbeiten, zu kooperieren und neue Bekanntschaften zu schließen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DirwelisMach2014,
  author    = {Dirwelis, Swenja and Mach, Michael},
  title     = {Begleitendes Lernen durch E-Tutoren und PoL-Gruppen},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44233},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442330},
  pages     = {49 -- 50},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Konstruktion eines Lehr-/ Lernszenarios polyvalenter Grundlagenvorlesungen in naturwissenschaftlichen Fachwissenschaften. Das Szenario verbindet klassische Vorlesungen mit virtuellen Elementen wie Online-Kursen, Online-Foren und Audience-Response-Systemen sowie dem Arbeiten in Kleingruppen mit Ans{\"a}tzen des problemorientierten Lernens. Ziel ist es das Grundlagenwissen der Studierenden anzupassen, das Arbeiten in Gruppen zu f{\"o}rdern und problemorientiertes Lernen zu erlernen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BuschmannGlasemann2014,
  author    = {Buschmann, Jana and Glasemann, Marie},
  title     = {Video-Podcasts als effizientes Werkzeug zur Unterrichtsplanung in schulischen Praxisphasen der Musiklehrerausbildung},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44232},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442326},
  pages     = {39 -- 48},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Das Projekt „Medienbildung in der LehrerInnenbildung" hat das Ziel, den Einsatz digitaler Medien in den Lehramtsstudieng{\"a}ngen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam nachhaltig zu f{\"o}rdern. Am Beispiel der Musiklehrerausbildung (Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Musikp{\"a}dagogik und Musikdidaktik) wurde ein Konzept f{\"u}r die Nutzung von Video-Podcasts in schulischen Praxisphasen entwickelt, um Studierende bei der Unterrichtsplanung zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Die fachspezifische Umsetzung des E-Learning-Ansatzes und die damit verbundenen M{\"o}glichkeiten und Heraus- forderungen werden gezeigt und betonen die Wichtigkeit der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Fachdidaktik und Mediendidaktik, um eine bedarfsorientierte L{\"o}sung zu finden, die praktisch umsetzbar ist.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{OwassapianHensinger2014,
  author    = {Owassapian, Dominik and Hensinger, Johannes},
  title     = {Bewegunglesen.com},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44231},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442318},
  pages     = {29 -- 38},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {bewegunglesen.com (mit Silber bei den Best of Swiss Web Awards 2013 ausgezeichnet) ist ein E-Learning-Tool und bietet f{\"u}r Sportunterrichtende und Studierende eine webbasierte, interaktive {\"U}bungsgelegenheit, die Bewegungsanalyse und das kriteriengeleitete Verbessern von Fertigkeiten zu erlernen. Bewegungsabl{\"a}ufe mit ihren Kernbewegungen werden praxisnah und schulstufengerecht vermittelt. Daneben k{\"o}nnen auch Unterrichtsvideos hochgeladen, geschnitten, durch Grafiken und Fakten angereichert und innerhalb der Community geteilt werden. Aus den Clips lassen sich {\"U}bungen und Pr{\"u}fungen mit Beurteilungskriterien des Bewegungsablaufs zusammenstellen, welche automatisiert ausgewertet werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Ifenthaler2014,
  author    = {Ifenthaler, Dirk},
  title     = {Challenges of a Holistic Learning Analytics Project},
  series = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  journal   = {E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt - studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44230},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442303},
  pages     = {15 -- 28},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Recently, interest in collecting and mining large sets of educational data on student background and performance to conduct research on learning and instruction has developed as an area generally referred to as learning analytics. Higher education leaders are recognising the value of learning analytics for improving not only learning and teaching but also the entire educational arena. However, theoretical concepts and empirical evidence need to be generated within the fast evolving field of learning analytics. In this paper, we introduce a holistic learning analytics framework. Based on this framework, student, learning, and curriculum profiles have been developed which include relevant static and dynamic parameters for facilitating the learning analytics framework. Based on the theoretical model, an empirical study was conducted to empirically validate the parameters included in the student profile. The paper concludes with practical implications and issues for future research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BezzenbergerNicolasMaguin2014,
  author    = {Bezzenberger, Tilman and Nicolas-Maguin, Marie-France},
  title     = {Lohnt sich das Abstraktionsprinzip?},
  series = {Liber Amicorum Otmar Seul : Die deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Rechtsbeziehungen, Europa und die Welt},
  journal   = {Liber Amicorum Otmar Seul : Die deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Rechtsbeziehungen, Europa und die Welt},
  editor    = {Bezzenberger, Tilman and Gruber, Joachim and Rohlfing-Dijoux, Stephanie},
  publisher = {Nomos},
  address   = {Baden-Baden},
  isbn      = {978-3-8487-1119-2},
  pages     = {21 -- 31},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Ein wichtiges Anliegen aller Privatrechtsordnungen ist die Sicherheit und Verl{\"a}sslichkeit des G{\"u}tertransfers. In einer entwickelten Wirtschaft, die auf Arbeitsteilung und Umsatz basiert, gibt es lange Lieferketten. Person A liefert ein Gut an B, dann liefert B an C und immer so weiter. Die einzelnen Glieder in der Kette m{\"u}ssen das Gut sicher und verl{\"a}sslich erwerben k{\"o}nnen. Wenn nun aber das Gesch{\"a}ft zwischen A und B von Anfang an ung{\"u}ltig ist oder nachtr{\"a}glich hinf{\"a}llig wird, stellt sich die Frage, wem das Gut geh{\"o}rt. Das deutsche Recht begegnet dieser Frage unter anderem mit dem Trennungs- und Abstraktionsprinzip: Kauf und {\"U}bereignung sind zwei gesonderte Vertr{\"a}ge, und die Wirksamkeit der {\"U}bereignung ist unabh{\"a}ngig vom Bestand und von der Wirksamkeit des Kaufvertrag. Das wird von deutschen Juristen als Schl{\"u}ssel wissenschaftlichen Rechtsdenkens hochgehalten, st{\"o}ßt aber außerhalb Deutschlands und speziell in Frankreich auf Unverst{\"a}ndnis. Denn im franz{\"o}sischen Recht sind Kauf und {\"U}bereignung Eins. Im Folgenden geht es nicht so sehr um die geistige Qualit{\"a}t des deutschen Trennungs- und Abstraktionsprinzips, die unbestreitbar ist, sondern vor allem um die Frage, ob diese Prinzi-pien im Vergleich zur franz{\"o}sischen Einheit von Kauf und {\"U}bereignung praktische Vorteile haben. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die {\"U}bertragung von beweglichen Sachen und von Rechten. Das Grundst{\"u}cksrecht bleibt dagegen ausgeklammert, denn es ist wegen seiner Formalien schwerer zu vergleichen und tr{\"a}gt keine grundlegend neuen Erkenntnisse bei.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{WilkensSuetterlinKampeetal.2014,
  author    = {Wilkens, Martin and S{\"u}tterlin, Sabine and Kampe, Heike and Eckardt, Barbara and J{\"a}ger, Sophie and Zimmermann, Matthias},
  title     = {Portal Wissen = Time},
  number    = {02/2014},
  organization    = {University of Potsdam, Press and Public Relations Department},
  issn      = {2198-9974},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44149},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441497},
  pages     = {55},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {"What then is time?", Augustine of Hippo sighs melancholically in Book XI of "Confessions" and continues, "If no one asks me, I know; if I want to explain it to a questioner, I don't know." Even today, 1584 years after Augustine, time still appears mysterious. Treatises about the essence of time fill whole libraries - and this magazine. However, questions of essence are alien to modern sciences. Time is - at least in physics - unproblematic: "Time is defined so that motion looks simple", briefly and prosaically phrased, waves goodbye to Augustine's riddle and to the Newtonian concept of absolute time, whose mathematical flow can only be approximately recorded with earthly instruments anyway. In our everyday language and even in science we still speak of the flow of time but time has not been a natural condition for quite a while now. It is rather a conventional order parameter for change and movement. Processes are arranged by using a class of processes as a counting system in order to compare other processes and to organize them with the help of the temporary categories "before", "during", and "after". During Galileo's time one's own pulse was seen as the time standard for the flight of cannon balls. More sophisticated examination methods later made this seem too impractical. The distance-time diagrams of free-flying cannon balls turned out to be rather imprecise, difficult to replicate, and in no way "simple". Nowadays, we use cesium atoms. A process is said to take one second when a caesium-133 atom completes 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state. A meter is the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in exactly 1/299,792,458 of a second. Fortunately, these data are hard-coded in the Global Positioning System GPS so users do not have to reenter them each time they want to know where they are. In the future, however, they might have to download an app because the time standard has been replaced by sophisticated transitions to ytterbium. The conventional character of the time concept should not tempt us to believe that everything is somehow relative and, as a result, arbitrary. The relation of one's own pulse to an atomic clock is absolute and as real as the relation of an hourglass to the path of the sun. The exact sciences are relational sciences. They are not about the thing-initself as Newton and Kant dreamt, but rather about relations as Leibniz and, later, Mach pointed out. It is not surprising that the physical time standard turned out to be rather impractical for other scientists. The psychology of time perception tells us - and you will all agree - that the perceived age is quite different from the physical age. The older we get the shorter the years seem. If we simply assume that perceived duration is inversely related to physical age and that a 20-year old also perceives a physical year as a psychological one, we come to the surprising discovery that at 90 years we are 90 years old. With an assumed life expectancy of 90 years, 67\% (or 82\%) of your felt lifetime is behind you at the age of 20 (or 40) physical years. Before we start to wallow in melancholy in the face of the "relativity of time", let me again quote Augustine. "But at any rate this much I dare affirm I know: that if nothing passed there would be no past time; if nothing were approaching, there would be no future time; if nothing were, there would be no present time." Well, - or as Bob Dylan sings "The times they are a-changin". I wish you an exciting time reading this issue. Prof. Martin Wilkens Professor of Quantum Optics},
  language  = {en}
}