@article{Dunst2011, author = {Dunst, Alexander}, title = {"Android gods : Philipp K. Dick after postmodernism"}, issn = {0950-236X}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Kunow2011, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger}, title = {"Chronologically gifted? 'Old Age' in american culture"}, issn = {0340-2827}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{DunstEdwards2011, author = {Dunst, Alexander and Edwards, Caroline}, title = {"Collective subjects, emancipatory cultures, and political transformation"}, issn = {1755-6341}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{KunowHartung2011, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger and Hartung, Heike}, title = {"Introduction : Age Studies "}, issn = {0340-2827}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Petsche2011, author = {Petsche, Hans-Joachim}, title = {"It's all coming together now..." : converging networks and the network of convergence}, isbn = {978-3-86644-731-8}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{WeberTierschUnterlassetal.2011, author = {Weber, Nancy and Tiersch, Brigitte and Unterlass, Miriam M. and Heilig, Anneliese and Tauer, Klaus}, title = {"Schizomorphic" Emulsion Copolymerization Particles}, series = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, volume = {32}, journal = {Macromolecular rapid communications}, number = {23}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1022-1336}, doi = {10.1002/marc.201100491}, pages = {1925 -- 1929}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and light microscopy investigations provide experimental evidence that amphiphilic emulsion copolymerization particles change their morphology in dependence on concentration. The shape of the particles is spherical at solids content above 1\%, but it changes to rod-like, ring-like, and web-like structures at lower concentrations. In addition, the shape and morphology of these particles at low concentrations are not fixed but very flexible and vary with time between spheres, flexible pearlnecklace structures, and stretched rods.}, language = {en} } @article{Kunow2011, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger}, title = {"Unavoidably side by side"}, series = {Mobilisierte Kulturen}, journal = {Mobilisierte Kulturen}, number = {1}, issn = {2192-3019}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57317}, pages = {17 -- 32}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Kunow2011, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger}, title = {"Unavoidably side by side" : Mobility Studies-Concepts and Issues}, isbn = {978-3-86956-090-8}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{RaphaelHernandez2011, author = {Raphael-Hernandez, Heike}, title = {"White America graciously giving way to its non-white future" : when Hollywood attempts to go postcolonial}, isbn = {978-3-631-60743-5}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Prickett2011, author = {Prickett, David James}, title = {'We will show you Berlin' space, leisure, flanerie and sexuality}, series = {Leisure studies : the journal of the Leisure Studies Association}, volume = {30}, journal = {Leisure studies : the journal of the Leisure Studies Association}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0261-4367}, doi = {10.1080/02614367.2010.523836}, pages = {157 -- 177}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Both the seat of the German government and the capitol of queer German culture, Berlin has been that spatial nexus of politics, sexuality and gender, work and leisure that has enabled the development of multifarious sexual and gender identities. This has caused celebration and consternation among Germans and foreigners alike. Contemporary studies of urban homosexual space cite an erosion of its 'authenticity' when cities market homosexual space in order to attract tourists. My literary analysis shows that Berlin's homosexual male culture and space had already been subject to commoditisation in the Weimar period (1918-1933), when Berliners discovered marketing potential in the French slight la vice allemand [the German vice] - male homosexuality. This article's examination of Weimar Berlin's spatial binary as 'sexy space' and 'sexualised place' in literature by Klaus Mann and Curt Moreck engages with current debates in leisure studies on the gendering and sexing of geography and leisure. Central to this re-evaluation of leisure and tourism in Weimar Berlin is my discussion of flanerie: the figure of the flaneuse indicates that flanerie was not the lone dominion of heterosexual men. In the context of urban leisure and male homosexuality, I argue that Weimar Berlin consistently and successfully negotiated its dual function of sexy space (allowing self-fashioning for homosexual men in Berlin) and sexualised place (voyeurism and sexual exploration for Berlin's newcomers and tourists).}, language = {en} } @article{ZebgerGongMuellerDierckeetal.2011, author = {Zebger-Gong, Hong and Mueller, Dominik and Diercke, Michaela and Haffner, Dieter and Hocher, Berthold and Verberckmoes, Steven and Schmidt, Sven and D'Haese, Patrick C. and Querfeld, Uwe}, title = {1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3-induced aortic calcifications in experimental uremia: up-regulation of osteoblast markers, calcium-transporting proteins and osterix}, series = {Journal of hypertension}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of hypertension}, number = {2}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0263-6352}, doi = {10.1097/HJH.0b013e328340aa30}, pages = {339 -- 348}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background and objective Whether treatment with vitamin D receptor activators contributes to cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease is a matter of debate. We studied mechanisms involved in vitamin D-related vascular calcifications in vivo and in vitro. Methods Aortic calcifications were induced in subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats by treatment with a high dose (0.25 mu g/kg per day) of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (calcitriol) given for 6 weeks. Likewise, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with calcitriol at concentrations ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-7) mol/l. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the aortic expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein was significantly increased in calcitriol-treated SNX rats compared to untreated SNX controls. In addition, aortic expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid calcium channel 6 (TRPV6) and calbindin D9k was significantly up-regulated by treatment with calcitriol. Furthermore, calcitriol significantly increased expression of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix. In-vitro studies showed similar results, confirming that these effects could be attributed to treatment with calcitriol. Conclusions High-dose calcitriol treatment induces an osteoblastic phenotype in VSMC both in SNX rats and in vitro, associated with up-regulation of proteins regulating mineralization and calcium transport, and of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix.}, language = {en} } @article{PihlajaSinkkonenStajeretal.2011, author = {Pihlaja, Kalevi and Sinkkonen, Jari and Stajer, Geza and Koch, Andreas and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolanes - synthesis and stereochemistry}, series = {Magnetic resonance in chemistry}, volume = {49}, journal = {Magnetic resonance in chemistry}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0749-1581}, doi = {10.1002/mrc.2764}, pages = {443 -- 449}, year = {2011}, abstract = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolane (4) and its cis- and trans-2-methyl (5,6), -4-methyl (7,8) and -5-methyl (9,10) derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes (1-3) with NaIO(4) in water. The oxides were purified and their isomers separated using thin layer chromatography. The structural characterization was carried out with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The sulfoxides 4-6 and 8-10 attain two S(1) type envelopes (sometimes slightly distorted) the S=O(ax) envelope greatly dominating. Cis-4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dithiolane is a special case exhibiting both two closely related S=O(ax) (30 and 27\%) as well as S=O(eq) (21 and 22\%) forms [S(1) and C(4) envelopes, respectively]. The relative energies of these conformations, the values of (1)H-(1)H coupling constants and (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts were estimated by computational methods and they support well the conclusions based on the experimental data.}, language = {en} } @article{KleinpeterPihlajaSinkkonenetal.2011, author = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Pihlaja, Kalevi and Sinkkonen, Jari and St{\´a}jer, Gez{\´a} and Koch, Andreas}, title = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolanes{\`u}synthesis and stereochemistry}, issn = {0749-1581}, year = {2011}, abstract = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolane (4) and its cis- andtrans-2-methyl (5,6), -4-methyl (7,8) and -5-methyl (9,10) derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes (1-3) with NaIO4 in water. The oxides were purified and their isomers separated using thin layer chromatography. The structural characterization was carried out with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The sulfoxides 4-6 and 8-10 attain two S(1) type envelopes (sometimes slightly distorted) the S=Oax envelope greatly dominating. Cis-4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dithiolane is a special case exhibiting both two closely related S=Oax (30 and 27\%) as well as S=Oeq (21 and 22\%) forms [S(1) and C(4) envelopes, respectively]. The relative energies of these conformations, the values of 1H-1H coupling constants and 1H and 13C chemical shifts were estimated by computational methods and they support well the conclusions based on the experimental data.}, language = {en} } @article{SchreiberHosemannBeuermann2011, author = {Schreiber, Ulrike and Hosemann, Benjamin and Beuermann, Sabine}, title = {1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl-Acrylate-Containing block copolymers from ARGET ATRP}, series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, volume = {212}, journal = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1022-1352}, doi = {10.1002/macp.201000307}, pages = {168 -- 179}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Block copolymers of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate (AC8) were obtained from ARGET ATRP. To obtain block copolymers of low dispersity the PAC8 block was synthesized in anisole with a CuBr(2)/PMDETA catalyst in the presence of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as a reducing agent. The PAC8 block was subsequently used as macroinitiator for copolymerization with butyl and tert-butyl acrylate carried out in scCO(2). To achieve catalyst solubility in CO(2) two fluorinated ligands were employed. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography and DSC.}, language = {en} } @article{StreichBeckenRitter2011, author = {Streich, Rita and Becken, Michael and Ritter, Oliver}, title = {2.5D controlled-source EM modeling with general 3D source geometries}, series = {Geophysics}, volume = {76}, journal = {Geophysics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Society of Exploration Geophysicists}, address = {Tulsa}, issn = {0016-8033}, doi = {10.1190/GEO2011-0111.1}, pages = {F387 -- F393}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Most 2.5D controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) modeling algorithms presented to date explicitly consider only sources that are point dipoles oriented parallel or perpendicular to the direction of constant conductivity. This makes simulations of complex source geometries expensive, requiring separate evaluations of many point dipole fields, and thus limits the practical applicability of such schemes for simulating and interpreting field data. We present a novel 2.5D CSEM modeling scheme that overcomes this limitation and permits efficient simulations of sources with general shape and orientation by evaluating fields for the entire source at once. We accommodate general sources by using a secondary field approach, in which primary fields are computed for the general source and a 1D background conductivity model. To carry out the required Fourier transforms between space and wavenumber domain using the same fast cosine and sine transform filters as in conventional algorithms, we split the primary and secondary fields into their symmetric and antisymmetric parts. For complex 3D source geometries, this approach is significantly more efficient than previous 2.5D algorithms. Our finite-difference algorithm also includes novel approaches for divergence correction at low frequencies and EM field interpolation across conductivity discontinuities. We describe the modeling scheme and demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency by comparisons of 2.5D-simulated data with 1D and 3D results.}, language = {en} } @article{WiederkehrBousquetZiemannetal.2011, author = {Wiederkehr, Michael and Bousquet, Romain and Ziemann, Martin Andreas and Berger, Alfons and Schmid, Stefan M.}, title = {3-D assessment of peak-metamorphic conditions by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material an example from the margin of the Lepontine dome (Swiss Central Alps)}, series = {International journal of earth sciences}, volume = {100}, journal = {International journal of earth sciences}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1437-3254}, doi = {10.1007/s00531-010-0622-2}, pages = {1029 -- 1063}, year = {2011}, abstract = {This study monitors regional changes in the crystallinity of carbonaceous matter (CM) by applying Micro-Raman spectroscopy to a total of 214 metasediment samples (largely so-called Bundnerschiefer) dominantly metamorphosed under blueschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. They were collected within the northeastern margin of the Lepontine dome and easterly adjacent areas of the Swiss Central Alps. Three-dimensional mapping of isotemperature contours in map and profile views shows that the isotemperature contours associated with the Miocene Barrow-type Lepontine metamorphic event cut across refolded nappe contacts, both along and across strike within the northeastern margin of the Lepontine dome and adjacent areas. Further to the northeast, the isotemperature contours reflect temperatures reached during the Late Eocene subduction-related blueschist-facies event and/or during subsequent near-isothermal decompression; these contours appear folded by younger, large-scale post-nappe-stacking folds. A substantial jump in the recorded maximum temperatures across the tectonic contact between the frontal Adula nappe complex and surrounding metasediments indicates that this contact accommodated differential tectonic movement of the Adula nappe with respect to the enveloping Bundnerschiefer after maximum temperatures were reached within the northern Adula nappe, i.e. after Late Eocene time.}, language = {en} } @article{AwadSchildeStrauch2011, author = {Awad, Duha Jawad and Schilde, Uwe and Strauch, Peter}, title = {4,4 '-Bis(tert-butyl)-2,2 '-bipyridinedichlorometal(II) - Synthesis, structure and EPR spectroscopy}, series = {Inorganica chimica acta : the international inorganic chemistry journal}, volume = {365}, journal = {Inorganica chimica acta : the international inorganic chemistry journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {0020-1693}, doi = {10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.035}, pages = {127 -- 132}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Due to the better solubility of the 4,4'-substituted bipyridine ligand a series of 4,4'0-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridinedichlorometal(II) complexes, [M(tbbpy)Cl(2)], with M = Cu, Ni, Zn, Pd, Pt was synthesised and characterised. The blue copper complex 4,4'-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridinedichlorocopper(II) was isolated in two different polymorphic forms, as prisms 1 with a solvent inclusion and solvent-free as needles 2. Both structures were determined by X-ray structure analysis. They crystallise in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with four molecules in the unit cell, but with different unit cells and packing motifs. Whereas in the prisms 1, with the unit cell parameters a = 12.1613(12), b = 10.6363(7), c = 16.3074(15) angstrom, eta = 94.446(8)degrees, the packing is dominated by intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, in the needles 2, with a = 7.738(1), b = 18. 333(2), c = 13.291(3) angstrom, beta = 97.512(15)degrees, only intramolecular hydrogen bonds appear and the complex molecules are arranged in columns which are stabilised by p-p-stacking interactions. In both complexes the copper has a tetrahedrally distorted coordination sphere. These copper complexes were also studied by EPR spectroscopy in solution, as frozen glass and diamagnetically diluted powder with the analogue [Pd(tbbpy)Cl(2)] as host lattice.}, language = {en} } @article{SengeRyppaFazekasetal.2011, author = {Senge, Mathias O. and Ryppa, Claudia and Fazekas, Marijana and Zawadzka, Monika and Dahms, Katja}, title = {5,10-A2B2-Type meso-Substituted PorphyrinsuA Unique Class of Porphyrins with a Realigned Dipole Moment}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {17}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, number = {48}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201101934}, pages = {13562 -- 13573}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Current applications in porphyrin chemistry require the use of unsymmetrically substituted porphyrins. Many current industrial interests in optics and biomedicine require systems with either pushpull (electron-donating and -withdrawing groups) or amphiphilic systems (hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups). In this context we present the class of 5,10-A2B2-type porphyrins for which two different substituents are positioned in diagonally opposite meso positions. Thus, the intramolecular dipole moment in these tetrapyrroles is positioned along a beta-beta vector passing through two pyrrole rings. This is opposite to the situation of the frequently used 5,15-A2BC porphyrins for which the dipole moment is oriented along a mesomeso axis. We have elaborated syntheses of the 5,10-A2B2 porphyrins by using transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of 5,10-A2 porphyrins or direct substitutions reactions thereof; this gives the target molecules in 2277\% overall yields. The compounds exhibit interesting structural, spectroscopic, and optical features and can serve as building blocks for new porphyrin arrays and applications.}, language = {en} } @misc{MulderBoitBonkowskietal.2011, author = {Mulder, Christian and Boit, Alice and Bonkowski, Michael and De Ruiter, Peter C. and Mancinelli, Giorgio and Van der Heijden, Marcel G. A. and Van Wijnen, Harm J. and Vonk, J. Arie and Rutgers, Michiel}, title = {A belowground perspective on dutch agroecosystems how soil organisms interact to support ecosystem services}, series = {Advances in ecological research}, volume = {44}, journal = {Advances in ecological research}, number = {2}, editor = {Woodward, G}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, isbn = {978-0-12-374794-5}, issn = {0065-2504}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-374794-5.00005-5}, pages = {277 -- 357}, year = {2011}, abstract = {1. New patterns and trends in land use are becoming increasingly evident in Europe's heavily modified landscape and else whereas sustainable agriculture and nature restoration are developed as viable long-term alternatives to intensively farmed arable land. The success of these changes depends on how soil biodiversity and processes respond to changes in management. To improve our understanding of the community structure and ecosystem functioning of the soil biota, we analyzed abiotic variables across 200 sites, and biological variables across 170 sites in The Netherlands, one of the most intensively farmed countries. The data were derived from the Dutch Soil Quality Network (DSQN), a long-term monitoring framework designed to obtain ecological insight into soil types (STs) and ecosystem types (ETs). 2. At the outset we describe STs and biota, and we estimate the contribution of various groups to the provision of ecosystem services. We focused on interactive effects of soil properties on community patterns and ecosystem functioning using food web models. Ecologists analyze soil food webs by means of mechanistic and statistical modelling, linking network structure to energy flow and elemental dynamics commonly based on allometric scaling. 3. We also explored how predatory and metabolic processes are constrained by body size, diet and metabolic type, and how these constraints govern the interactions within and between trophic groups. In particular, we focused on how elemental fluxes determine the strengths of ecological interactions, and the resulting ecosystem services, in terms of sustenance of soil fertility. 4. We discuss data mining, food web visualizations, and an appropriate categorical way to capture subtle interrelationships within the DSQN dataset. Sampled metazoans were used to provide an overview of below-ground processes and influences of land use. Unlike most studies to date we used data from the entire size spectrum, across 15 orders of magnitude, using body size as a continuous trait crucial for understanding ecological services. 5. Multimodality in the frequency distributions of body size represents a performance filter that acts as a buffer to environmental change. Large differences in the body-size distributions across ETs and STs were evident. Most observed trends support the hypothesis that the direct influence of ecological stoichiometry on the soil biota as an independent predictor (e.g. in the form of nutrient to carbon ratios), and consequently on the allometric scaling, is more dominant than either ET or ST. This provides opportunities to develop a mechanistic and physiologically oriented model for the distribution of species' body sizes, where responses of invertebrates can be predicted. 6. Our results highlight the different roles that organisms play in a number of key ecosystem services. Such a trait-based research has unique strengths in its rigorous formulation of fundamental scaling rules, as well as in its verifiability by empirical data. Nonetheless, it still has weaknesses that remain to be addressed, like the consequences of intraspecific size variation, the high degree of omnivory, and a possibly inaccurate assignment to trophic groups. 7. Studying the extent to which nutrient levels influence multitrophic interactions and how different land-use regimes affect soil biodiversity is clearly a fruitful area for future research to develop predictive models for soil ecosystem services under different management regimes. No similar efforts have been attempted previously for soil food webs, and our dataset has the potential to test and further verify its usefulness at an unprecedented space scale.}, language = {en} } @article{LappeKallmeyer2011, author = {Lappe, Michael and Kallmeyer, Jens}, title = {A cell extraction method for oily sediments}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {2}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2011.00233}, pages = {11}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Hydrocarbons can be found in many different habitats and represent an important carbon source for microbes. As fossil fuels, they are also an important economical resource and through natural seepage or accidental release they can be major pollutants. DNA-specific stains and molecular probes bind to hydrocarbons, causing massive background fluorescence, thereby hampering cell enumeration. The cell extraction procedure of Kallmeyer et al. (2008) separates the cells from the sediment matrix. In principle, this technique can also be used to separate cells from oily sediments, but it was not originally optimized for this application. Here we present a modified extraction method in which the hydrocarbons are removed prior to cell extraction. Due to the reduced background fluorescence the microscopic image becomes clearer, making cell identification, and enumeration much easier. Consequently, the resulting cell counts from oily samples treated according to our new protocol are significantly higher than those treated according to Kallmeyer et al. (2008). We tested different amounts of a variety of solvents for their ability to remove hydrocarbons and found that n-hexane and in samples containing more mature oils methanol, delivered the best results. However, as solvents also tend to lyse cells, it was important to find the optimum solvent to sample ratio, at which hydrocarbon extraction is maximized and cell lysis minimized. A volumetric ratio of 1:2-1:5 between a formalin-fixed sediment slurry and solvent delivered highest cell counts. Extraction efficiency was around 30-50\% and was checked on both oily samples spiked with known amounts of E. coli cells and oil-free samples amended with fresh and biodegraded oil. The method provided reproducible results on samples containing very different kinds of oils with regard to their degree of biodegradation. For strongly biodegraded oil MeOH turned out to be the most appropriate solvent, whereas for less biodegraded samples n-hexane delivered best results.}, language = {en} } @article{Baumgaertel2011, author = {Baumg{\"a}rtel, Hellmut}, title = {A Characteristic decay semigroup for the resonances of trace class perturbations with analyticity conditions of semibounded hamiltonians}, series = {International journal of theoretical physic}, volume = {50}, journal = {International journal of theoretical physic}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0020-7748}, doi = {10.1007/s10773-010-0533-9}, pages = {2002 -- 2008}, year = {2011}, abstract = {To asymptotic complete scattering systems {M(+) + V, M(+)} on H(+) := L(2)(R(+), K, d lambda), where M(+) is the multiplication operator on H(+) and V is a trace class operator with analyticity conditions, a decay semigroup is associated such that the spectrum of the generator of this semigroup coincides with the set of all resonances (poles of the analytic continuation of the scattering matrix into the lower half plane across the positive half line), i.e. the decay semigroup yields a "time-dependent" characterization of the resonances. As a counterpart a "spectral characterization" is mentioned which is due to the "eigenvalue-like" properties of resonances.}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannAjelloAllafortetal.2011, author = {Ackermann, Margit and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. J. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Belfiore, A. and Bellazzini, R. and Berenji, B. and Blandford, R. D. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bottacini, E. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cecchi, C. and Chekhtman, A. and Cheung, C. C. and Chiang, J. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and de Angelis, A. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Dumora, D. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Focke, W. B. and Fortin, P. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grenier, I. A. and Guillemot, L. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hanabata, Y. and Harding, A. K. and Hayashida, M. and Hayashi, K. and Hays, E. and Johannesson, G. and Johnson, A. S. and Kamae, T. and Katagiri, H. and Kataoka, J. and Kerr, M. and Knoedlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Latronico, L. and Lee, S. -H. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Martin, P. and Mazziotta, Mario Nicola and McEnery, J. E. and Mehault, J. and Michelson, P. F. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nolan, P. L. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Okumura, A. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Ozaki, M. and Paneque, D. and Parent, D. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Pohl, Martin and Prokhorov, D. and Raino, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Reposeur, T. and Ritz, S. and Parkinson, P. M. Saz and Sgro, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Smith, P. D. and Spinelli, P. and Strong, A. W. and Takahashi, H. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Tramacere, A. and Troja, E. and Uchiyama, Y. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vitale, V. and Waite, A. P. and Wang, P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Yang, Z. and Zimmer, S. and Bontemps, S.}, title = {A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble}, series = {Science}, volume = {334}, journal = {Science}, number = {6059}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1210311}, pages = {1103 -- 1107}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.}, language = {en} } @article{FuhrmannSeehaferValorietal.2011, author = {Fuhrmann, Marcel and Seehafer, Norbert and Valori, Gherardo and Wiegelmann, Thomas}, title = {A comparison of preprocessing methods for solar force-free magnetic field extrapolation}, issn = {0004-6361}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{FuhrmannSeehaferValorietal.2011, author = {Fuhrmann, Marcel and Seehafer, Norbert and Valori, Gherardo and Wiegelmann, T.}, title = {A comparison of preprocessing methods for solar force-free magnetic field extrapolation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {526}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201015453}, pages = {12}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Context. Extrapolations of solar photospheric vector magnetograms into three-dimensional magnetic fields in the chromosphere and corona are usually done under the assumption that the fields are force-free. This condition is violated in the photosphere itself and a thin layer in the lower atmosphere above. The field calculations can be improved by preprocessing the photospheric magnetograms. The intention here is to remove a non-force-free component from the data. Aims. We compare two preprocessing methods presently in use, namely the methods of Wiegelmann et al. (2006, Sol. Phys., 233, 215) and Fuhrmann et al. (2007, A\&A, 476, 349). Methods. The two preprocessing methods were applied to a vector magnetogram of the recently observed active region NOAA AR 10 953. We examine the changes in the magnetogram effected by the two preprocessing algorithms. Furthermore, the original magnetogram and the two preprocessed magnetograms were each used as input data for nonlinear force-free field extrapolations by means of two different methods, and we analyze the resulting fields. Results. Both preprocessing methods managed to significantly decrease the magnetic forces and magnetic torques that act through the magnetogram area and that can cause incompatibilities with the assumption of force-freeness in the solution domain. The force and torque decrease is stronger for the Fuhrmann et al. method. Both methods also reduced the amount of small-scale irregularities in the observed photospheric field, which can sharply worsen the quality of the solutions. For the chosen parameter set, the Wiegelmann et al. method led to greater changes in strong-field areas, leaving weak-field areas mostly unchanged, and thus providing an approximation of the magnetic field vector in the chromosphere, while the Fuhrmann et al. method weakly changed the whole magnetogram, thereby better preserving patterns present in the original magnetogram. Both preprocessing methods raised the magnetic energy content of the extrapolated fields to values above the minimum energy, corresponding to the potential field. Also, the fields calculated from the preprocessed magnetograms fulfill the solenoidal condition better than those calculated without preprocessing.}, language = {en} } @article{BlandHawthornEllisLeonSavaletal.2011, author = {Bland-Hawthorn, Joss and Ellis, S. C. and Leon-Saval, S. G. and Haynes, R. and Roth, Martin M. and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Horton, A. J. and Cuby, J. -G. and Birks, T. A. and Lawrence, J. S. and Gillingham, P. and Ryder, S. D. and Trinh, C.}, title = {A complex multi-notch astronomical filter to suppress the bright infrared sky}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {50}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms1584}, pages = {7}, year = {2011}, abstract = {A long-standing and profound problem in astronomy is the difficulty in obtaining deep near-infrared observations due to the extreme brightness and variability of the night sky at these wavelengths. A solution to this problem is crucial if we are to obtain the deepest possible observations of the early Universe, as redshifted starlight from distant galaxies appears at these wavelengths. The atmospheric emission between 1,000 and 1,800 nm arises almost entirely from a forest of extremely bright, very narrow hydroxyl emission lines that varies on timescales of minutes. The astronomical community has long envisaged the prospect of selectively removing these lines, while retaining high throughput between them. Here we demonstrate such a filter for the first time, presenting results from the first on-sky tests. Its use on current 8 m telescopes and future 30 m telescopes will open up many new research avenues in the years to come.}, language = {en} } @article{KramerKleinpeter2011, author = {Kramer, Markus and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {A conformational study of N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives utilizing residual dipolar couplings}, series = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, volume = {212}, journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1090-7807}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2011.06.029}, pages = {174 -- 185}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The conformational analyses of six non-rigid N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) derivatives employing residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and NOEs together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented. Due to internal dynamics we had to consider different conformer ratios existing in solution. The good quality of the correlation between theoretically and experimentally obtained RDCs show the correctness of the calculated conformers even if the ratios derived from the MD simulations do not exactly meet the experimental data. If possible, the results were compared to former published data and commented.}, language = {en} } @misc{KramerKleinpeter2011, author = {Kramer, Markus and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {A conformational study of N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives utilizing residual dipolar couplings (vol 212, pg 174, 2011)}, series = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, volume = {213}, journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1090-7807}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2011.09.017}, pages = {210 -- 211}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtStaudeKellingetal.2011, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Staude, Lucia and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {A Cross-Metathesis-Conjugate addition route to enantiopure gamma-Butyrolactams and gamma-Lactones from a C-2-Symmetric Precursor}, series = {European journal of organic chemistry}, journal = {European journal of organic chemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1434-193X}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.201001528}, pages = {1721 -- 1727}, year = {2011}, abstract = {A protected derivative of (3R, 4R)-hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol, a conveniently accessible C-2-symmetric building block, undergoes single or double cross metathesis with methyl acryl-ate. The cross metathesis products are amenable to stereoselective conjugate addition reactions and can be converted into either gamma-butyrolactones or gamma-lactams.}, language = {en} } @article{SamuelHornDoeringetal.2011, author = {Samuel, Prinson P. and Horn, Sebastian and D{\"o}ring, Alexander and Havelius, Kajsa G. V. and Reschke, Stefan and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haumann, Michael and Schulzke, Carola}, title = {A Crystallographic and Mo K-Edge XAS Study of Molybdenum Oxo Bis-,Mono-, and Non-Dithiolene Complexes - First-Sphere Coordination Geometry and Noninnocence of Ligands}, series = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, journal = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, number = {28}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1434-1948}, doi = {10.1002/ejic.201100331}, pages = {4387 -- 4399}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Ten square-based pyramidal molybdenum complexes with different sulfur donor ligands, that is, a variety of dithiolenes and sulfides, were prepared, which mimic coordination motifs of the molybdenum cofactors of molybdenum-dependent oxidoreductases. The model compounds were investigated by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and (with one exception) their molecular structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to derive detailed information on bond lengths and geometries of the first coordination shell of molybdenum. Only small variations in Mo=O and Mo-S bond lengths and their respective coordination angles were observed for all complexes including those containing Mo(CO)(2) or Mo(mu-S)(2)Mo motifs. XAS analysis (edge energy) revealed higher relative oxidation levels in the molybdenum ion in compounds with innocent sulfur-based ligands relative to those in dithiolene complexes, which are known to exhibit noninnocence, that is, donation of substantial electron density from ligand to metal. In addition, longer average Mo-S and Mo=O bonds and consequently lower.(Mo=O) stretching frequencies in the IR spectra were observed for complexes with dithiolene-derived ligands. The results emphasize that the noninnocent character of the dithiolene ligand influences the electronic structure of the model compounds, but does not significantly affect their metal coordination geometry, which is largely determined by the Mo(IV) or (V) ion itself. The latter conclusion also holds for the molybdenum site geometries in the oxidized Mo-VI cofactor of DMSO reductase and the reduced Mo-IV cofactor of arsenite oxidase. The innocent behavior of the dithiolene molybdopterin ligands observed in the enzymes is likely to be related to cofactor-protein interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{MasanesMueller2011, author = {Masanes, Lluis and M{\"u}ller, Markus P.}, title = {A derivation of quantum theory from physical requirements}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {13}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/13/6/063001}, pages = {29}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Quantum theory (QT) is usually formulated in terms of abstract mathematical postulates involving Hilbert spaces, state vectors and unitary operators. In this paper, we show that the full formalism of QT can instead be derived from five simple physical requirements, based on elementary assumptions regarding preparations, transformations and measurements. This is very similar to the usual formulation of special relativity, where two simple physical requirements-the principles of relativity and light speed invariance-are used to derive the mathematical structure of Minkowski space-time. Our derivation provides insights into the physical origin of the structure of quantum state spaces (including a group-theoretic explanation of the Bloch ball and its three dimensionality) and suggests several natural possibilities to construct consistent modifications of QT.}, language = {en} } @book{WolfCummings2011, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Cummings, Patrick}, title = {A dictionary of Hong Kong English : words from the fragrant harbor}, publisher = {Univ. of Hong Kong}, address = {Hong Kong}, isbn = {988-808330-9}, pages = {275 S.}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Reich2011, author = {Reich, Sebastian}, title = {A dynamical systems framework for intermittent data assimilation}, series = {BIT : numerical mathematics ; the leading applied mathematics journal for all computational mathematicians}, volume = {51}, journal = {BIT : numerical mathematics ; the leading applied mathematics journal for all computational mathematicians}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0006-3835}, doi = {10.1007/s10543-010-0302-4}, pages = {235 -- 249}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We consider the problem of discrete time filtering (intermittent data assimilation) for differential equation models and discuss methods for its numerical approximation. The focus is on methods based on ensemble/particle techniques and on the ensemble Kalman filter technique in particular. We summarize as well as extend recent work on continuous ensemble Kalman filter formulations, which provide a concise dynamical systems formulation of the combined dynamics-assimilation problem. Possible extensions to fully nonlinear ensemble/particle based filters are also outlined using the framework of optimal transportation theory.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sorge2011, author = {Sorge, Arndt}, title = {A failure of capitalism the crisis of '08 and the descent into depression}, series = {Socio-economic review}, volume = {9}, journal = {Socio-economic review}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1475-1461}, pages = {169 -- 186}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{MaerkerPelacaniSchroeder2011, author = {Maerker, Michael and Pelacani, Samanta and Schroeder, Boris}, title = {A functional entity approach to predict soil erosion processes in a small Plio-Pleistocene Mediterranean catchment in Northern Chianti, Italy}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {125}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.022}, pages = {530 -- 540}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In this paper we evaluate different methods to predict soil erosion processes. We derived different layers of predictor variables for the study area in the Northern Chianti, Italy, describing the soil-lithologic complex, land use, and topographic characteristics. For a subcatchment of the Orme River, we mapped erosion processes by interpreting aerial photographs and field observations. These were classified as erosional response units (ERU), i.e. spatial areas of homogeneous erosion processes. The ERU were used as the response variable in the soil erosion modelling process. We applied two models i) bootstrap aggregation (Random Forest: RF), and ii) stochastic gradient boosting (TreeNet: TN) to predict the potential spatial distribution of erosion processes for the entire Orme River catchment. The models are statistically evaluated using training data and a set of performance parameters such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Cohen's Kappa, and pseudo R2. Variable importance and response curves provide further insight into controlling factors of erosion. Both models provided good performance in terms of classification and calibration; however, TN outperformed RF. Similar classes such as active and inactive landslides can be discriminated and well interpreted by considering response curves and relative variable importance. The spatial distribution of the predicted erosion susceptibilities generally follows topographic constraints and is similar for both models. Hence, the model-based delineation of ERU on the basis of soil and terrain information is a valuable tool in geomorphology; it provides insights into factors controlling erosion processes and may allow the extrapolation and prediction of erosion processes in unsurveyed areas.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarteTiedemann2011, author = {Schwarte, Sandra and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {A Gene Duplication/Loss Event in the Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate-Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Small Subunit Gene Family among Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana}, series = {Molecular biology and evolution}, volume = {28}, journal = {Molecular biology and evolution}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0737-4038}, doi = {10.1093/molbev/msr008}, pages = {1861 -- 1876}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39), the most abundant protein in nature, catalyzes the assimilation of CO(2) (worldwide about 10(11) t each year) by carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. It is a hexadecamer consisting of eight large and eight small subunits. Although the Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) is encoded by a single gene on the multicopy chloroplast genome, the Rubisco small subunits (rbcS) are encoded by a family of nuclear genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the rbcS gene family comprises four members, that is, rbcS-1a, rbcS-1b, rbcS-2b, and rbcS-3b. We sequenced all Rubisco genes in 26 worldwide distributed A. thaliana accessions. In three of these accessions, we detected a gene duplication/loss event, where rbcS-1b was lost and substituted by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (called rbcS-2b*). By screening 74 additional accessions using a specific polymerase chain reaction assay, we detected five additional accessions with this duplication/loss event. In summary, we found the gene duplication/loss in 8 of 100 A. thaliana accessions, namely, Bch, Bu, Bur, Cvi, Fei, Lm, Sha, and Sorbo. We sequenced an about 1-kb promoter region for all Rubisco genes as well. This analysis revealed that the gene duplication/loss event was associated with promoter alterations (two insertions of 450 and 850 bp, one deletion of 730 bp) in rbcS-2b and a promoter deletion (2.3 kb) in rbcS-2b* in all eight affected accessions. The substitution of rbcS-1b by a duplicate of rbcS-2b (i.e., rbcS-2b*) might be caused by gene conversion. All four Rubisco genes evolve under purifying selection, as expected for central genes of the highly conserved photosystem of green plants. We inferred a single positive selected site, a tyrosine to aspartic acid substitution at position 72 in rbcS-1b. Exactly the same substitution compromises carboxylase activity in the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. In A. thaliana, this substitution is associated with an inferred recombination. Functional implications of the substitution remain to be evaluated.}, language = {en} } @article{WulfRujner2011, author = {Wulf, Monika and Rujner, Hendrik}, title = {A GIS-based method for the reconstruction of the late eighteenth century forest vegetation in the Prignitz region (NE Germany)}, series = {Landscape ecology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Landscape ecology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0921-2973}, doi = {10.1007/s10980-010-9555-1}, pages = {153 -- 168}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Our goal was to reconstruct the late eighteenth century forest vegetation of the Prignitz region (NE Germany) at a scale of 1:50,000. We also wanted to relate the historical forest vegetation to the actual and potential natural vegetation. For these purposes, we selected 15 woody species and transferred relevant data found in historical records from various sources together with the recent localities of (very) old individuals belonging to these woody species into ArcView GIS. Following multi-step data processing including the generation of a point density layer using a moving window with kernel estimation and derivation of vegetation units applying Boolean algebra rules together with information on site conditions, we derived 17 forest communities corresponding to the potential natural vegetation. We were able to reconstruct the historical forest vegetation for 90\% of the forest area ca. 1780. Only two of the 17 forest communities covered large parts of the forested area. The oak forest with Agrostis capillaris covered about 44\% of the total forest area, and alder forests on fenland made up about 37\%. Oak-hornbeam forests with Stellaria holostea comprised slightly less than 6\% of the forest area, while all other forest communities comprised less than 1\%. The historical forest vegetation is more similar to the potential forest vegetation and quite different from the actual forest vegetation because coniferous tree species currently cover approximately two-thirds of the actual forest area. The most beneficial result of this study is the map of high-resolution historical vegetation units that may serve as the basis for various further studies, e.g., modelling long-term changes in biodiversity at the landscape scale.}, language = {en} } @article{ArvidssonPerezRodriguezMuellerRoeber2011, author = {Arvidsson, Samuel Janne and Perez-Rodriguez, Paulino and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd}, title = {A growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana integrating image analysis and rosette area modeling for robust quantification of genotype effects}, series = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science}, volume = {191}, journal = {New phytologist : international journal of plant science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0028-646X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03756.x}, pages = {895 -- 907}, year = {2011}, abstract = {To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind biomass accumulation, it is important to study plant growth behavior. Manually phenotyping large sets of plants requires important human resources and expertise and is typically not feasible for detection of weak growth phenotypes. Here, we established an automated growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana to aid researchers in comparing growth behaviors of different genotypes. The analysis pipeline includes automated image analysis of two-dimensional digital plant images and evaluation of manually annotated information of growth stages. It employs linear mixed-effects models to quantify genotype effects on total rosette area and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) and ANOVAs to quantify effects on developmental times. Using the system, a single researcher can phenotype up to 7000 plants d(-1). Technical variance is very low (typically < 2\%). We show quantitative results for the growth-impaired starch-excessmutant sex4-3 and the growth-enhancedmutant grf9. We show that recordings of environmental and developmental variables reduce noise levels in the phenotyping datasets significantly and that careful examination of predictor variables (such as d after sowing or germination) is crucial to avoid exaggerations of recorded phenotypes and thus biased conclusions.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{MeleardRoelly2011, author = {M{\´e}l{\´e}ard, Sylvie and Roelly, Sylvie}, title = {A host-parasite multilevel interacting process and continuous approximations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51694}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We are interested in modeling some two-level population dynamics, resulting from the interplay of ecological interactions and phenotypic variation of individuals (or hosts) and the evolution of cells (or parasites) of two types living in these individuals. The ecological parameters of the individual dynamics depend on the number of cells of each type contained by the individual and the cell dynamics depends on the trait of the invaded individual. Our models are rooted in the microscopic description of a random (discrete) population of individuals characterized by one or several adaptive traits and cells characterized by their type. The population is modeled as a stochastic point process whose generator captures the probabilistic dynamics over continuous time of birth, mutation and death for individuals and birth and death for cells. The interaction between individuals (resp. between cells) is described by a competition between individual traits (resp. between cell types). We look for tractable large population approximations. By combining various scalings on population size, birth and death rates and mutation step, the single microscopic model is shown to lead to contrasting nonlinear macroscopic limits of different nature: deterministic approximations, in the form of ordinary, integro- or partial differential equations, or probabilistic ones, like stochastic partial differential equations or superprocesses. The study of the long time behavior of these processes seems very hard and we only develop some simple cases enlightening the difficulties involved.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TikhonenkoMagidsonGraefetal.2011, author = {Tikhonenko, I. and Magidson, V. and Gr{\"a}f, Ralph and Khodjakov, A. and Koonce, M.}, title = {A kinesin-mediated linkage between centrosomes and the nuclear envelope}, series = {Molecular biology of the cell : the official publication of the American Society for Cell Biology}, volume = {22}, booktitle = {Molecular biology of the cell : the official publication of the American Society for Cell Biology}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Society for Cell Biology}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {1059-1524}, pages = {1}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{DeFrenneKolbGraaeetal.2011, author = {De Frenne, P. and Kolb, Annette and Graae, Benete Jessen and Decocq, Guillaume and Baltora, S. and De Schrijver, A. and Brunet, J. and Chabrerie, Olivier and Cousins, Sara A. O. and Dhondt, Rob and Diekmann, Martin and Gruwez, R. and Heinken, Thilo and Hermy, Martin and Liira, J. and Saguez, R. and Shevtsova, Anna and Baskin, Carol C. and Verheyen, Kris}, title = {A latitudinal gradient in seed nutrients of the forest herb Anemone nemorosa}, series = {Plant biology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Plant biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1435-8603}, doi = {10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00404.x}, pages = {493 -- 501}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The nutrient concentration in seeds determines many aspects of potential success of the sexual reproductive phase of plants, including the seed predation probability, efficiency of seed dispersal and seedling performance. Despite considerable research interest in latitudinal gradients of foliar nutrients, a similar gradient for seeds remains unexplored. We investigated a potential latitudinal gradient in seed nutrient concentrations within the widespread European understorey forest herb Anemone nemorosa L. We sampled seeds of A. nemorosa in 15 populations along a 1900-km long latitudinal gradient at three to seven seed collection dates post-anthesis and investigated the relative effects of growing degree-hours > 5 degrees C, soil characteristics and latitude on seed nutrient concentrations. Seed nitrogen, nitrogen:phosphorus ratio and calcium concentration decreased towards northern latitudes, while carbon:nitrogen ratios increased. When taking differences in growing degree-hours and measured soil characteristics into account and only considering the most mature seeds, the latitudinal decline remained particularly significant for seed nitrogen concentration. We argue that the decline in seed nitrogen concentration can be attributed to northward decreasing seed provisioning due to lower soil nitrogen availability or greater investment in clonal reproduction. This pattern may have large implications for the reproductive performance of this forest herb as the degree of seed provisioning ultimately co-determines seedling survival and reproductive success.}, language = {en} } @article{EbenhoehHouwaartLoksteinetal.2011, author = {Ebenhoeh, Oliver and Houwaart, Torsten and Lokstein, Heiko and Schlede, Stephanie and Tirok, Katrin}, title = {A minimal mathematical model of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence}, series = {Biosystems : journal of biological and information processing sciences}, volume = {103}, journal = {Biosystems : journal of biological and information processing sciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0303-2647}, doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.10.011}, pages = {196 -- 204}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to rapidly changing light intensities. To acclimate to such fluctuations, plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms that optimally exploit available light energy and simultaneously minimise damage of the photosynthetic apparatus through excess light. An important mechanism is the dissipation of excess excitation energy as heat which can be measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). In this paper, we present a highly simplified mathematical model that captures essential experimentally observed features of the short term adaptive quenching dynamics. We investigate the stationary and dynamic behaviour of the model and systematically analyse the dependence of characteristic system properties on key parameters such as rate constants and pool sizes. Comparing simulations with experimental data allows to derive conclusions about the validity of the simplifying assumptions and we further propose hypotheses regarding the role of the xanthophyll cycle in NPQ. We envisage that the presented theoretical description of the light reactions in conjunction with short term adaptive processes serves as a basis for the development of more detailed mechanistic models by which the molecular mechanisms of NPQ can be theoretically studied.}, language = {en} } @article{BogPlattnerZeier2011, author = {Bog, Anja and Plattner, Hasso and Zeier, Alexander}, title = {A mixed transaction processing and operational reporting benchmark}, series = {Information systems frontiers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Information systems frontiers}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1387-3326}, doi = {10.1007/s10796-010-9283-8}, pages = {321 -- 335}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The importance of reporting is ever increasing in today's fast-paced market environments and the availability of up-to-date information for reporting has become indispensable. Current reporting systems are separated from the online transaction processing systems (OLTP) with periodic updates pushed in. A pre-defined and aggregated subset of the OLTP data, however, does not provide the flexibility, detail, and timeliness needed for today's operational reporting. As technology advances, this separation has to be re-evaluated and means to study and evaluate new trends in data storage management have to be provided. This article proposes a benchmark for combined OLTP and operational reporting, providing means to evaluate the performance of enterprise data management systems for mixed workloads of OLTP and operational reporting queries. Such systems offer up-to-date information and the flexibility of the entire data set for reporting. We describe how the benchmark provokes the conflicts that are the reason for separating the two workloads on different systems. In this article, we introduce the concepts, logical data schema, transactions and queries of the benchmark, which are entirely based on the original data sets and real workloads of existing, globally operating enterprises.}, language = {en} } @article{ZaupaNeffePierceetal.2011, author = {Zaupa, Alessandro and Neffe, Axel T. and Pierce, Benjamin F. and Lendlein, Andreas and Hofmann, Dieter}, title = {A molecular dynamic analysis of gelatin as an amorphous material Prediction of mechanical properties of gelatin systems}, series = {The international journal of artificial organs}, volume = {34}, journal = {The international journal of artificial organs}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wichtig}, address = {Milano}, issn = {0391-3988}, doi = {10.5301/IJAO.2010.6083}, pages = {139 -- 151}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine for induced autoregeneration and tissue engineering. This is often challenging, however, due to difficulties in tailoring and controlling the respective material properties. Since functionalization is expected to offer better control, in this study gelatin chains were modified with physically interacting groups based on tyrosine with the aim of causing the formation of physical crosslinks. This method permits application-specific properties like swelling and better tailoring of mechanical properties. The design of the crosslink strategy was supported by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of amorphous bulk models for gelatin and functionalized gelatins at different water contents (0.8 and 25 wt.-\%). The results permitted predictions to be formulated about the expected crosslink density and its influence on equilibrium swelling behavior and on elastic material properties. The models of pure gelatin were used to validate the strategy by comparison between simulated and experimental data such as density, backbone conformation angle distribution, and X-ray scattering spectra. A key result of the simulations was the prediction that increasing the number of aromatic functions attached to the gelatin chain leads to an increase in the number of physical netpoints observed in the simulated bulk packing models. By comparison with the Flory-Rehner model, this suggested reduced equilibrium swelling of the functionalized materials in water, a prediction that was subsequently confirmed by our experimental work. The reduction and control of the equilibrium degree of swelling in water is a key criterion for the applicability of functionalized gelatins when used, for example, as matrices for induced autoregeneration of tissues.}, language = {en} } @article{AksuFrascaWollenbergeretal.2011, author = {Aksu, Yilmaz and Frasca, Stefano and Wollenberger, Ursula and Driess, Matthias and Thomas, Arne}, title = {A molecular precursor approach to tunable porous tin-rich indium tin oxide with durable high electrical conductivity for bioelectronic devices}, series = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {23}, journal = {Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0897-4756}, doi = {10.1021/cm103087p}, pages = {1798 -- 1804}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The preparation of porous, i.e., high surface area electrodes from transparent conducting oxides, is a valuable goal in materials chemistry as such electrodes can enable further development of optoelectronic, electrocatalytic, or bioelectronic devices. In this work the first tin-rich mesoporous indium tin oxide is prepared using the molecular heterobimetallic single-source precursor, indium tin tris-tert-butoxide, together with an appropriate structure-directing template, yielding materials with high surface areas and tailorable pore size. The resulting mesoporous tin-rich ITO films show a high and durable electrical conductivity and transparency, making them interesting materials for hosting electroactive biomolecules such as proteins. In fact, its unique performance in bioelectronic applications has been demonstrated by immobilization of high amounts of cytochrome c into the mesoporous film which undergo redox processes directly with the conductive electrode material.}, language = {en} } @article{GieseHenklerHirsch2011, author = {Giese, Holger and Henkler, Stefan and Hirsch, Martin}, title = {A multi-paradigm approach supporting the modular execution of reconfigurable hybrid systems}, series = {Simulation : transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, volume = {87}, journal = {Simulation : transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, number = {9}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0037-5497}, doi = {10.1177/0037549710366824}, pages = {775 -- 808}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Advanced mechatronic systems have to integrate existing technologies from mechanical, electrical and software engineering. They must be able to adapt their structure and behavior at runtime by reconfiguration to react flexibly to changes in the environment. Therefore, a tight integration of structural and behavioral models of the different domains is required. This integration results in complex reconfigurable hybrid systems, the execution logic of which cannot be addressed directly with existing standard modeling, simulation, and code-generation techniques. We present in this paper how our component-based approach for reconfigurable mechatronic systems, MECHATRONIC UML, efficiently handles the complex interplay of discrete behavior and continuous behavior in a modular manner. In addition, its extension to even more flexible reconfiguration cases is presented.}, language = {en} } @article{ShinZoellerHolschneideretal.2011, author = {Shin, Seoleun and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Holschneider, Matthias and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {A multigrid solver for modeling complex interseismic stress fields}, series = {Computers \& geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology}, volume = {37}, journal = {Computers \& geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0098-3004}, doi = {10.1016/j.cageo.2010.11.011}, pages = {1075 -- 1082}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We develop a multigrid, multiple time stepping scheme to reduce computational efforts for calculating complex stress interactions in a strike-slip 2D planar fault for the simulation of seismicity. The key elements of the multilevel solver are separation of length scale, grid-coarsening, and hierarchy. In this study the complex stress interactions are split into two parts: the first with a small contribution is computed on a coarse level, and the rest for strong interactions is on a fine level. This partition leads to a significant reduction of the number of computations. The reduction of complexity is even enhanced by combining the multigrid with multiple time stepping. Computational efficiency is enhanced by a factor of 10 while retaining a reasonable accuracy, compared to the original full matrix-vortex multiplication. The accuracy of solution and computational efficiency depend on a given cut-off radius that splits multiplications into the two parts. The multigrid scheme is constructed in such a way that it conserves stress in the entire half-space.}, language = {en} } @article{BelovaShchukinGorinetal.2011, author = {Belova, Valentina and Shchukin, Dmitry G. and Gorin, Dmitry A. and Kopyshev, Alexey and Moehwald, Helmuth}, title = {A new approach to nucleation of cavitation bubbles at chemically modified surfaces}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {13}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {17}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/c1cp20218a}, pages = {8015 -- 8023}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Cavitation at the solid surface normally begins with nucleation, in which defects or assembled molecules located at a liquid-solid interface act as nucleation centers and are actively involved in the evolution of cavitation bubbles. Here, we propose a simple approach to evaluate the behavior of cavitation bubbles formed under high intensity ultrasound (20 kHz, 51.3 W cm (2)) at solid surfaces, based on sonication of patterned substrates with a small roughness (less than 3 nm) and controllable surface energy. A mixture of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODTA) and octadecanethiol (ODT) was stamped on the Si wafer coated with different thicknesses of an aluminium layer (20-500 nm). We investigated the growth mechanism of cavitation bubble nuclei and the evolution of individual pits (defects) formed under sonication on the modified surface. A new activation behavior as a function of Al thickness, sonication time, ultrasonic power and temperature is reported. In this process cooperativity is introduced, as initially formed pits further reduce the energy to form bubbles. Furthermore, cavitation on the patterns is a controllable process, where up to 40-50 min of sonication time only the hydrophobic areas are active nucleation sites. This study provides a convincing proof of our theoretical approach on nucleation.}, language = {en} } @article{WessigWawrzinekMoellnitzetal.2011, author = {Wessig, Pablo and Wawrzinek, Robert and Moellnitz, Kristian and Feldbusch, Elvira and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {A new class of fluorescent dyes based on 1,3-benzodioxole and [1,3]-dioxolo[4.5-f]benzodioxole}, series = {Tetrahedron letters}, volume = {52}, journal = {Tetrahedron letters}, number = {46}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0040-4039}, doi = {10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.058}, pages = {6192 -- 6195}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We report on synthesis and photophysical properties of a new class of fluorescent dyes. They are characterized by large Stokes-shifts, long fluorescence lifetimes in organic solvents and a pronounced dependency of the fluorescence lifetime on the solvent polarity. Also worthy of note is the high bleaching stability. To provide access to biochemical and medical applications a series of derivatives were prepared, which exhibit specific reactivity towards different biologically relevant functional groups (carboxylic acids, amines, maleimides, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters). Furthermore, two alkynes were prepared, which could be used in 'Click' chemistry.}, language = {en} } @article{StahlbergLahmann2011, author = {Stahlberg, Tim and Lahmann, Henning}, title = {A Paradigm of Prevention Humpty Dumpty, the War on Terror, and the Power of Preventive Detention in the United States, Israel, and Europe}, series = {The American journal of comparative law}, volume = {59}, journal = {The American journal of comparative law}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Society of Comparative Law}, address = {Berkeley}, issn = {0002-919X}, doi = {10.5131/AJCL.2010.0034}, pages = {1051 -- 1087}, year = {2011}, abstract = {A decade into the proclaimed "global war on terror," states are still struggling with the phenomenon's locus and definition under the effective laws. Remarkably, preventive detention of suspected terrorists fluctuates between various legal regimes: In Europe, criminal law is predominantly used but special security orders are occasionally issued as well; Israel applies in part the law of international armed conflicts; and in the United States, detention under a new war premise has been claimed. This Article analyzes the response of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Israeli Supreme Court, and the European Court of Human Rights to legislative and executive policies asserting the power of preventive detention in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. The comparison exposes significant differences with regard to the application of international law, and most prominently concerning the underlying question of whether the struggle against terrorism should be considered a "war," or, perhaps more traditionally, a fight against crime. Despite the substantial discrepancies in these three jurisdictions, this Article argues that the similarities are actually more striking. Whereas no court has accepted any attempt to fight terrorism outside the bounds of law, the judges have not hesitated to stretch and blur the pertinent frameworks by extensive interpretation. Ultimately, it is questionable whether on account of the individual's rights the resulting flexibilities and uncertainties are justifiable. "I don't know what you mean by 'glory'," Alice said. Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. "Of course you don't till I tell you. I meant 'there's a nice knock-down argument for you!" "But 'glory' doesn't mean 'a nice knock-down argument" Alice objected. "When I use a word," Humpty Dumptysaid, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less." "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean different things." "The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be master that's all."}, language = {en} } @article{MannYoungFuuentesSchuller2011, author = {Mann, R. B. and Young, M. B. and Fu{\"u}ntes-Schuller, I.}, title = {A perturbative approach to inelastic collisions in a Bose-Einstein condensate}, series = {Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics}, number = {8}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0953-4075}, doi = {10.1088/0953-4075/44/8/085301}, pages = {17}, year = {2011}, abstract = {It has recently been discovered that for certain rates of mode-exchange collisions analytic solutions can be found for a Hamiltonian describing the two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate. We proceed to study the behaviour of the system using perturbation theory if the coupling constants only approximately match these parameter constraints. We find that the model is robust to such perturbations. We study the effects of degeneracy on the perturbations and find that the induced changes differ greatly from the non-degenerate case. We also model inelastic collisions that result in particle loss or condensate decay as external perturbations and use this formalism to examine the effects of three-body recombination and background collisions.}, language = {en} }