@phdthesis{Zhao2010,
  author    = {Zhao, Li},
  title     = {Sustainable approaches towards novel nitrogen-doped carbonaceous structures},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {136 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZehmLaschewskyGradzielskietal.2010,
  author    = {Zehm, Daniel and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Gradzielski, Michael and Pr{\´e}vost, Sylvain and Liang, Hua and Rabe, J{\"u}rgen P. and Schweins, Ralf and Gummel, J{\´e}r{\´e}mie},
  title     = {Amphiphilic dual brush block copolymers as "giant surfactants" and their aqueous self-assembly},
  issn      = {0743-7463},
  doi       = {10.1021/La903087p},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Amphiphilic dual brush diblock as well as symmetrical triblock polymers were synthesized by the overlay of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer and the nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) techniques. While poly(ethylene glycol) brushes served as hydrophilic block, the hydrophobic block was made of polystyrene brushes. The resulting "giant surfactants" correspond structurally to the established amphiphilic diblock and triblock copolymer known as macrosurfactants. The aggregation behavior of the novel "giant surfactants" in aqueous solution was studied by dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) over a large range in reciprocal space. Further, the self-assembled aggregates Were investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) after deposition on differently functionalized ultraflat solid substrates. Despite the high fraction of hydrophobic segments, the polymers form stable mesoscopic, spherical aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 150-350 nm. Though prepared from well-defined individual polymers, the aggregates show several similarities to hard core latexes. They are stable enough to he deposited without much changes onto surfaces, where they cluster and show Spontaneous sorting according to their size within the clusters, with the larger aggregates being in the center.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XieJelicicWangetal.2010,
  author    = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Jelicic, Aleksandra and Wang, Feipeng and Rabu, Pierre and Friedrich, Alwin and Beuermann, Sabine and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Transparent, flexible, and paramagnetic ionogels based on PMMA and the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [Bmim][FeCl4]},
  issn      = {0959-9428},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0jm01733g},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The iron-containing ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [Bmim][FeCl4] has been used as a building block in the synthesis of transparent, ion-conducting, and paramagnetic ionogels. UV/Vis spectroscopy shows that the coordination around the Fe(III) ion does slightly change upon incorporation of the IL into PMMA. The thermal stability of the PMMA increases significantly with IL incorporation. In particular, the onset weight loss observed at ca. 265 degrees C for pure PMMA is completely suppressed. The ionic conductivity shows a strong temperature dependence and increases with increasing IL weight fractions. The magnetic properties are similar to those reported for the pure IL and are not affected by the incorporation into the PMMA matrix. The resulting ionogel is thus an interesting prototype for soft, flexible, and transparent materials combining the mechanical properties of the matrix with the functionality of the metal-containing IL, such as magnetism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WitzelGoetzeEbenhoeh2010,
  author    = {Witzel, Franziska and Goetze, Jan and Ebenhoeh, Oliver},
  title     = {Slow deactivation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase elucidated by mathematical models},
  issn      = {1742-464X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07541.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the key enzyme of the Calvin cycle, catalyzing the fixation of inorganic carbon dioxide to organic sugars. Unlike most enzymes, RuBisCO is extremely slow, substrate unspecific, and catalyzes undesired side-reactions, which are considered to be responsible for the slow deactivation observed in vitro, a phenomenon known as fallover. Despite the fact that amino acid sequences and the 3D structures of RuBisCO from a variety of species are known, the precise molecular mechanisms for the various side reactions are still unclear. In the present study, we investigate the kinetic properties of RuBisCO using mathematical models. Initially, we formulate a minimal model that quantitatively reflects the kinetic behavior of RuBisCOs from different organisms. By relating rate parameters for single molecular steps to experimentally determined K-m and V-max values, we can examine mechanistic differences among species. The minimal model further demonstrates that two inhibitor producing side reactions are sufficient to describe experimentally determined fallover kinetics. To explain the observed kinetics of the limited capacity of RuBisCO to accept xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate as substrate, the inclusion of other side reactions is necessary. Our model results suggest a yet undescribed alternative enolization mechanism that is supported by the molecular structure. Taken together, the presented models serve as a theoretical framework to explain a wide range of observed kinetic properties of RuBisCOs derived from a variety of species. Thus, we can support hypotheses about molecular mechanisms and can systematically compare enzymes from different origins.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WischerhoffBadiLutzetal.2010,
  author    = {Wischerhoff, Erik and Badi, Nezha and Lutz, Jean-Francois and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Smart bioactive surfaces},
  issn      = {1744-683X},
  doi       = {10.1039/B913594d},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this highlight is to define the emerging field of bioactive surfaces. In recent years, various types of synthetic materials capable of "communicating'' with biological objects such as nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, viruses, bacteria or living cells have been described in the literature. This novel area of research certainly goes beyond the traditional field of smart materials and includes different types of sophisticated interactions with biological entities, such as reversible adhesion, conformational control, biologically-triggered release and selective permeation. These novel materials may be 2D planar surfaces as well as colloidal objects or 3D scaffolds. Overall, they show great promise for numerous applications in biosciences and biotechnology. For instance, practical applications of bioactive surfaces in the fields of bioseparation, cell engineering, biochips and stem-cell differentiation are briefly discussed herein.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WessigMoellnitzHuebner2010,
  author    = {Wessig, Pablo and M{\"o}llnitz, Kristian and H{\"u}bner, Sebastian},
  title     = {A short and efficient route from myo- to neo-inositol},
  issn      = {0936-5214},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0029-1220071},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {An efficient route from myo- to neo-inositol is described. The key steps of the sequence are oxidation of the hydroxy group at C-5 to the corresponding ketone, followed by a highly (dr = 7.8:1) stereoselective reduction. The route includes nine steps with an overall yield of 51\% and is therefore superior to all hitherto reported methods for the preparation of neo-inositol.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WessigMatthesSchilde2010,
  author    = {Wessig, Pablo and Matthes, Annika and Schilde, Uwe},
  title     = {Crystal structure of 3,4-diacetyl-15,21-dioxatetracyclo- [23.4.0.02,7.06,11]nonacosa-1(29),2,4,6,8,10,25,27- octaene- 14,22-dione{\`u}water (1:2), C31H32O6 · 2H2O},
  issn      = {1433-7266},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WebsterMeier2010,
  author    = {Webster, Dean C. and Meier, Michael A. R.},
  title     = {Polymer libraries : preparation and applications},
  issn      = {0065-3195},
  doi       = {10.1007/12_2009_15},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Polymer libraries offer straightforward opportunities for the investigation of structure property relationships and for a more thorough understanding of certain research problems. Furthermore, if combined with high-throughput methods for their preparation as well as screening, they offer the additional advantage of time savings and/or the reduction of experimental efforts. Thus, the herein discussed methods of polymer library preparation and selected literature examples of polymer libraries describe efficient and state-of-the-art methods to tackle difficult research challenges in polymer and materials science.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WangKaunePerlichetal.2010,
  author    = {Wang, Weijia and Kaune, Gunar and Perlich, Jan and Paradakis, Christine M. and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Schlage, K. and R{\"o}hlsberger, Ralf and Roth, Stephan V. and Cubitt, Robert and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter},
  title     = {Swelling and switching kinetics of gold coated end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) thin films},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma902637a},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Thin thermoresponsive hydrogel films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) end-capped with n-butyltrithiocarbonate(nbc- PNIPAM) oil si I icon supports with a gold layer on top, causing an asymmetric confinement, are investigated. For two different gold layer thicknesses (nominally 0.4 and 5 rim), the swelling and switching kinetics are probed with in situ neutron reflectivity. With a temperature jump from 23 to 40 degrees C the film is switched from a swollen into a collapsed state. For the thin gold layer this switching is faster as compared to the thick gold layer. The switching is a two-step process of water release and a subsequent structural relaxation. fit swelling and deswelling cycles, aging of the films is probed. After five cycles, the film exhibits enhanced water storage capacity. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that these gold coated nbc-PNIPAM films do not age with respect to the inner structure but slightly roughen at the gold surface. As revealed by atomic force microscopy, the morphology of the gold layer is changed by the water uptake and release.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VukicevicHierzenbergerHildetal.2010,
  author    = {Vukicevic, Radovan and Hierzenberger, Peter and Hild, Sabine and Beuermann, Sabine},
  title     = {Functionalization of carbon black nanoparticles with poly(vinylidene fluoride)},
  issn      = {0887-624X},
  doi       = {10.1002/Pola.24277},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The surface of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles was functionalized with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) either by trapping of macroradicals or by cycloaddition. PVDF with two iodine end groups (I-PVDF-I) obtained from iodine transfer polymerization in supercritical CO2 was heated in the presence of CB and the C-I bond was cleaved resulting in a reaction between the macroradical and the CB surface. To allow for cycloaddition of PVDF to the CB surface for a number of polymers, the iodine end groups were replaced by azide end groups. In addition, microwave irradiation was applied to the functionalization. The influence of temperature, time, polymer concentration, and polymer molar mass on the functionalization reaction was examined.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UhligWischerhoffLutzetal.2010,
  author    = {Uhlig, Katja and Wischerhoff, Erik and Lutz, Jean-Francois and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and J{\"a}ger, Magnus S. and Lankenau, Andreas and Duschl, Claus},
  title     = {Monitoring cell detachment on PEG-based thermoresponsive surfaces using TIRF microscopy},
  issn      = {1744-683X},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0sm00010h},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Recently, we introduced a thermoresponsive copolymer that consists of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) and 2-(2- methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO(2)MA). The polymer exhibited an LCST at 35 degrees C in PBS buffer and was anchored onto gold substrates using disulfide polymerisation initiators. It allows the noninvasive detachment of adherent cells from their substrate. As the mechanisms that determine the interaction of cells with such polymers are not well understood, we employed Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy in order to monitor the detachment process of cells of two different types. We identified contact area and average cell-substrate distance as crucial parameters for the evaluation of the detachment process. The sensitivity of TIRF microscopy allowed us to correlate the specific adhesion pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with the morphology of cell deposits that may serve as fingerprints for a nondestructive characterisation of live cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TueruencMeier2010,
  author    = {T{\"u}r{\"u}nc, Oguz and Meier, Michael A. R.},
  title     = {Fatty acid derived monomers and related polymers via Thiol-ene (click) additions},
  issn      = {1022-1336},
  doi       = {10.1002/marc.201000291},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Thiol-ene additions of methyl 10-undecenoate, a castor oil derived renewable platform chemical, were studied with the goal of preparing a set of renewable monomers. Good to excellent yields were obtained for these solvent and initiator free thiol-ene additions. The resulting monomers were then polymerized using TBD as a catalyst, to linear as well as hyperbranched polyesters that also contain thio-ether linkages. All thus prepared polymers were fully characterized (NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA) and the results of these investigations will be discussed within this contribution. The thermal analysis of these polymers revealed melting points in the range from 50 to 71 degrees C. Moreover, no significant weight loss was observed below 300 degrees C.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TronciNeffePierceetal.2010,
  author    = {Tronci, Giuseppe and Neffe, Axel T. and Pierce, Benjamin Franklin and Lendlein, Andreas},
  title     = {An entropy-elastic gelatin-based hydrogel system},
  issn      = {0959-9428},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0jm00883d},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Gelatin is a non-immunogenic and degradable biopolymer, which is widely applied in the biomedical field e. g. for drug capsules or as absorbable hemostats. However, gelatin materials present limited and hardly reproducible mechanical properties especially in aqueous systems, particularly caused by the uncontrollable partial renaturation of collagen-like triple helices. Therefore, mechanically demanding applications for gelatin-based materials, such as vascular patches, i.e. hydrogel films that seal large incisions in vessel walls, and for induced autoregeneration, are basically excluded if this challenge is not addressed. Through the synthesis of a defined chemical network of gelatin with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in DMSO, the self-organization of gelatin chains could be hindered and amorphous gelatin films were successfully prepared having Young's moduli of 60-530 kPa. Transferring the crosslinking reaction with HDI and, alternatively, ethyl lysine diisocyanate (LDI), to water as reaction medium allowed the tailoring of swelling behaviour and mechanical properties by variation of crosslinker content while suppressing the formation of helices. The hydrogels had Young's moduli of 70-740 kPa, compressive moduli of 16-48 kPa, and degrees of swelling of 300-800 vol\%. Test reactions investigated by ESI mass spectrometry allowed the identification and quantification of reaction products of the crosslinking reaction. The HDI crosslinked networks were stabilized by direct covalent crosslinks (ca. 10 mol\%), supported by grafting (50 mol\%) and blending of hydrophobic oligomeric chains. For the LDI- based networks, less crosslinked (3 mol\%) and grafted species (5 mol\%) and much higher amounts of oligomers were observed. The adjustable hydrogel system enables the application of gelatin-based materials in physiological environments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TremblayMonturetSaalfrank2010,
  author    = {Tremblay, Jean Christophe and Monturet, Serge and Saalfrank, Peter},
  title     = {Electronic damping of anharmonic adsorbate vibrations at metallic surfaces},
  issn      = {1098-0121},
  doi       = {10.1103/Physrevb.81.125408},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The nonadiabatic coupling of an adsorbate close to a metallic surface leads to electronic damping of adsorbate vibrations and line broadening in vibrational spectroscopy. Here, a perturbative treatment of the electronic contribution to the lifetime broadening serves as a building block for a new approach, in which anharmonic vibrational transition rates are calculated from a position-dependent coupling function. Different models for the coupling function will be tested, all related to embedding theory. The first two are models based on a scattering approach with (i) a jellium-type and (ii) a density functional theory based embedding density, respectively. In a third variant a further refined model is used for the embedding density, and a semiempirical approach is taken in which a scaling factor is chosen to match harmonic, single-site, first-principles transition rates, obtained from periodic density functional theory. For the example of hydrogen atoms on (adsorption) and below (subsurface absorption) a Pd(111) surface, lifetimes of and transition rates between vibrational levels are computed. The transition rates emerging from different models serve as input for the selective subsurface adsorption of hydrogen in palladium starting from an adsorption site, by using sequences of infrared laser pulses in a laser distillation scheme.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TremblayKrauseKlamrothetal.2010,
  author    = {Tremblay, Jean Christophe and Krause, Pascal and Klamroth, Tillmann and Saalfrank, Peter},
  title     = {Time-dependent response of dissipative electron systems},
  issn      = {1050-2947},
  doi       = {10.1103/Physreva.81.063420},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We present a systematic study of the influence of energy and phase relaxation on dynamic polarizability simulations in the linear response regime. The nonperturbative approach is based on explicit electron dynamics using short laser pulses of low intensities. To include environmental effects on the property calculation, we use the time- dependent configuration-interaction method in its reduced density matrix formulation. Both energy dissipation and nonlocal pure dephasing are included. The explicit treatment of time-resolved electron dynamics gives access to the phase shift between the electric field and the induced dipole moment, which can be used to define a useful uncertainty measure for the dynamic polarizability. The nonperturbative treatment is compared to perturbation theory expressions, as applied to a simple model system, the rigid H-2 molecule. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent for low field intensities, but the time-dependent treatment provides complementary information on the phase of the induced dipole moment, which allows for the definition of an uncertainty associated with the computation of the dynamic polarizability in the linear response regime.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Travkova2010,
  author    = {Travkova, Oksana G.},
  title     = {Interactions of the antimicrobial peptide Arenicin with amphiphiles at planar and curved interfaces},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {122 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TiseanuParvulescuParvulescuetal.2010,
  author    = {Tiseanu, Carmen and Parvulescu, Vasile and Parvulescu, Victoria and Cotoi, Elena and Gessner, Andre and Kumke, Michael Uwe and Simon, Simion and Vasiliu, Florin},
  title     = {Structural and photoluminescence characterization of mesoporous silicon-phosphates},
  issn      = {1010-6030},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.015},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Two different types of mesoporous silicon-phosphate supports using different surfactants (a mixture of (CH3)(3)C13H27NBr with an organophosphorus coupling molecule (HO-PO(i-C3H7)(2)) and with a co-surfactant ((C2H5)(3)(C6H5)PCl), respectively) were synthesized. Trivalent europium (Eu) ions were immobilized via ion-exchange on these supports. The resulting materials were characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms at -196 degrees C, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, PXRD, CP/MAS. (HSi)-H-1-Si-29 and P-31 NMR, DR-UV-vis as well as steady- state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results evidenced that the co-polymerization of silicon and phosphorous yielded a unique morphology in these materials. Following calcination at 450 and 900 degrees C europium- exchanged silicon-phosphates with great surface area (BET=600-705 m(2) g(-1)) and 3.4 nm sized mesopores were obtained. The differences among the optical properties of the non-calcined europium materials such as the emission lifetimes, local environment at the europium sites or the relative contribution of the upper excited levels to the total photoluminescence were assigned to the surfactants used in the synthesis. Calcination of the silicon-phosphates at higher temperatures than 450 degrees C did not induce major changes in the structural properties: in contrast, photoluminescence properties of europium were markedly improved in terms of intensity and average lifetime.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TiseanuParvulescuCojocaruetal.2010,
  author    = {Tiseanu, Carmen and Parvulescu, Vasile Ion and Cojocaru, Bogdan and Lorenz-Fonfria, Victor A. and Kumke, Michael Uwe and Gessner, Andre and Enculescu, Ion},
  title     = {Polymer-microporous host interactions probed by photoluminescence spectroscopy},
  issn      = {1463-9076},
  doi       = {10.1039/B922591a},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Zeolites NaY and ZSM-5 were used as hosts for styrene polymerization after ion-exchange with europium ions. The parent and hybrid, polystyrene coated Eu-NaY (Eu-NaY/PS) and Eu-ZSM-5 (Eu-ZSM-5/PS) zeolites were investigated by using thermal analysis, SEM, PXRD, FT-IR, DR-UV/Vis, steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra evidenced for the interaction between the zeolitic hosts and polystyrene while the PXRD spectra supported for the presence of the polymer inside the channels/pores of Eu-NaY/PS and Eu-ZSM-5/PS materials. The optical properties of Eu-NaY/PS and Eu-ZSM-5/PS were significantly changed relative to those of the parent zeolites, giving further evidence for the presence of polymer inside zeolites. An interesting case is presented by NaY zeolite: following styrene polymerization, the polymer interacted selectively with one of the two main species co-existing inside zeolite while for ZSM-5 a similar effect was not observed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Stoeckle2010,
  author    = {St{\"o}ckle, Silke},
  title     = {Thin liquid films with nanoparticles and rod-like ions as models for nanofluidics},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46370},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {With the rise of nanotechnology in the last decade, nanofluidics has been established as a research field and gained increased interest in science and industry. Natural aqueous nanofluidic systems are very complex, there is often a predominance of liquid interfaces or the fluid contains charged or differently shaped colloids. The effects, promoted by these additives, are far from being completely understood and interesting questions arise with regards to the confinement of such complex fluidic systems. A systematic study of nanofluidic processes requires designing suitable experimental model nano - channels with required characteristics. The present work employed thin liquid films (TLFs) as experimental models. They have proven to be useful experimental tools because of their simple geometry, reproducible preparation, and controllable liquid interfaces. The thickness of the channels can be adjusted easily by the concentration of electrolyte in the film forming solution. This way, channel dimensions from 5 - 100 nm are possible, a high flexibility for an experimental system. TLFs have liquid IFs of different charge and properties and they offer the possibility to confine differently shaped ions and molecules to very small spaces, or to subject them to controlled forces. This makes the foam films a unique "device" available to obtain information about fluidic systems in nanometer dimensions. The main goal of this thesis was to study nanofluidic processes using TLFs as models, or tools, and to subtract information about natural systems plus deepen the understanding on physical chemical conditions. The presented work showed that foam films can be used as experimental models to understand the behavior of liquids in nano - sized confinement. In the first part of the thesis, we studied the process of thinning of thin liquid films stabilized with the non - ionic surfactant n - dodecyl - β - maltoside (β - C₁₂G₂) with primary interest in interfacial diffusion processes during the thinning process dependent on surfactant concentration 64. The surfactant concentration in the film forming solutions was varied at constant electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The velocity of thinning was analyzed combining previously developed theoretical approaches. Qualitative information about the mobility of the surfactant molecules at the film surfaces was obtained. We found that above a certain limiting surfactant concentration the film surfaces were completely immobile and they behaved as non - deformable, which decelerated the thinning process. This follows the predictions for Reynolds flow of liquid between two non - deformable disks. In the second part of the thesis, we designed a TLF nanofluidic system containing rod - like multivalent ions and compared this system to films containing monovalent ions. We presented first results which recognized for the first time the existence of an additional attractive force in the foam films based on the electrostatic interaction between rod - like ions and oppositely charged surfaces. We may speculate that this is an ion bridging component of the disjoining pressure. The results show that for films prepared in presence of spermidine the transformation of the thicker CF to the thinnest NBF is more probable as films prepared with NaCl at similar conditions of electrostatic interaction. This effect is not a result of specific adsorption of any of the ions at the fluid surfaces and it does not lead to any changes in the equilibrium properties of the CF and NBF. Our hypothesis was proven using the trivalent ion Y3+ which does not show ion bridging. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and a quantitative agreement on the system's energy gain for the change from CF to NBF could be obtained. In the third part of the work, the behavior of nanoparticles in confinement was investigated with respect to their impact on the fluid flow velocity. The particles altered the flow velocity by an unexpected high amount, so that the resulting changes in the dynamic viscosity could not be explained by a realistic change of the fluid viscosity. Only aggregation, flocculation and plug formation can explain the experimental results. The particle systems in the presented thesis had a great impact on the film interfaces due to the stabilizer molecules present in the bulk solution. Finally, the location of the particles with respect to their lateral and vertical arrangement in the film was studied with advanced reflectivity and scattering methods. Neutron Reflectometry studies were performed to investigate the location of nanoparticles in the TLF perpendicular to the IF. For the first time, we study TLFs using grazing incidence small angle X - ray scattering (GISAXS), which is a technique sensitive to the lateral arrangement of particles in confined volumes. This work provides preliminary data on a lateral ordering of particles in the film.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrehmelRexhausenStrauchetal.2010,
  author    = {Strehmel, Veronika and Rexhausen, Hans and Strauch, Peter and Strehmer, Bernd},
  title     = {Temperature dependence of interactions between stable piperidine-1-yloxyl derivatives and a semicrystalline ionic liquid},
  issn      = {1439-4235},
  doi       = {10.1002/cphc.200900977},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl and its derivatives with hydrogen-bond-forming (-OH, -OSO3H), anionic (-OSO3- bearing K+ or [K(18-crown-6)](+) as counter ion), or cationic (-N+-(CH3)(3) bearing I-, BF4-, PF6- or N- (SO2CF3)(2) as counter ion) substituents are investigated in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the ionic liquid is well described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of the rotational correlation time of the spin probes substituted with either a hydrogen-bond-forming group or an ionic substituent can be described using the Stokes-Einstein equation. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the rotational correlation time of the spin probe without an additional substituent at the 4-position to the nitroxyl group does not follow this trend. The activation energy for the mobility of the unsubstituted spin probe, determined from an Arrhenius plot of the spin-probe mobility in the ionic liquid above the melting temperature, is comparable with the activation energy for the viscous flow of the ionic liquid, but is higher for spin probes bearing an additional substituent at the 4-position. Quantum chemical calculations of the spin probes using the 6-31G+d method give information about the rotational volume of the spin probes and the spin density at the nitrogen atom of the radical structure as a function of the substituent at the spin probes in the presence and absence of a counter ion. The results of these calculations help in understanding the effect of the additional substituent on the experimentally determined isotropic hyperfine coupling constant.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrehmelRexhausenStrauch2010,
  author    = {Strehmel, Veronika and Rexhausen, Hans and Strauch, Peter},
  title     = {2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl bound to the imidazolium ion by an acetamido group for investigation of ionic liquids},
  issn      = {0040-4039},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.124},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {New spin probes bearing the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl covalently bound to the imidazolium ion via a methylene spacer and an amide group are synthesized. If the anion is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide) instead of iodide, the new spin probe has a similar structure as that of an ionic liquid. Nevertheless, the new spin probes are useful tools to investigate ionic liquids.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrehmelRexhausenStrauch2010,
  author    = {Strehmel, Veronika and Rexhausen, Hans and Strauch, Peter},
  title     = {Influence of imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide)s on the rotation of spin probes comprising ionic and hydrogen bonding groups},
  issn      = {1463-9076},
  doi       = {10.1039/B920586a},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The influence of the alkyl chain length in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonylimide)s is studied to explore the rotation of piperidine-1-yloxyl derivatives substituted with either hydrogen bonding hydroxy group or ionic substituents, such as the cationic trimethylammonium or the anionic sulfate group placed at the 4 position. Structural variation of the ionic liquids results in differences of their viscosity influencing the rotation of the spin probes. The size of the average rotational correlation times of the spin probes dissolved in the ionic liquids depends further on the additional substituent in 4-position at these spin probes. The rotational correlation time exhibits a linear dependence on the ionic liquid viscosity in the case of the spin probe forming hydrogen bonding with the ionic liquids. In contrast to this, a deviation from the Stokes-Einstein behavior is found in the case of rotation of the charged spin probes in the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis( trifluoromethylsulfonylimide) s substituted with a longer alkyl chain. This effect may be explained by phase separation on a molecular level between the charged part of the ionic liquid and the longer alkyl chains bound at the imidazolium ion. Although the neutral and the cationic spin probes show only a slight dependence between ionic liquid structure variation and the hyperfine coupling constants, structural effects cause changes in the hyperfine coupling constants in the case of the anionic spin probes. These probes strongly interact with the imidazolium ion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrehmelLungwitzRexhausenetal.2010,
  author    = {Strehmel, Veronika and Lungwitz, Ralf and Rexhausen, Hans and Spange, Stefan},
  title     = {Relationship between hyperfine coupling constants of spin probes and empirical polarity parameters of some ionic liquids},
  issn      = {1144-0546},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0nj00253d},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The polarity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids containing hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, dicyanoimide, or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide as anions and a variation of the alkyl-chain length of the cation are investigated by both solvatochromic dyes and spin probes. Two different polarity scales are used for discussion of the polarity of these ionic liquids. These polarity scales are the empirical Kamlet-Taft parameters alpha, beta, and pi* and the hyperfine coupling constants A(iso)(N-14) obtained for spin probes substituted either with an ammonio or a sulfate group at 4-position. The results show that both polarity scales are valid for description of the ionic liquid polarity although differences are found between the two polarity scales. The most clear trend is found in all ionic liquids investigated for the hydrogen-bond accepting ability (beta) and the hyperfine- coupling constant of the anionic spin probe, where both parameters increase for all ionic liquids investigated until an alkyl chain length of eight carbon atoms and keep constant at longer alkyl chains.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StarkeKammerHoldtetal.2010,
  author    = {Starke, Ines and Kammer, Stefan and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {Stability of disubstituted copper complexes in the gas phase analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry},
  issn      = {0951-4198},
  doi       = {10.1002/Rcm.4519},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {A series of nitrogen ligand (L)/copper complexes of the type [(CuL)-L-I](+), [(CuL)-L-II(X)](+) and [(CuL2)-L- I](+) (X = Cl-, BF4-, acac(-), CH3COO- and SO3CF3-) was studied in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The following ligands (L) were employed: 1,12-diazaperylene (dap), 1,1'-bisiso-quinoline (bis), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,11-disubstituted 1,12-diazaperylenes (dap), 3,3'- disubstituted 1,1'-bisisoquinoline (bis), 5,8-dimethoxy-substituted diazaperylene (meodap), 6,6'-dimethoxy- substituted bisisoquinoline (meobis) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen). Collision-induced decomposition measurements were applied to evaluate the relative stabilities of the different copper complexes. The influence of the spatial arrangement of the ligands, of the type of substituents and of the counter ion of the copper salts employed for the complexation was examined. Correlations were found between the binding constants of the [ML2](+) complexes in solution and the relative stabilities of the analogous complexes in the gas phase. Furthermore, complexation with the ligands 2,11-dialkylated 1,12-diazaperylenes [alkyl = ethyl (dedap) and isopropyl (dipdap)] was studied in the solvents CH3OH and CH3CN.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SkrabaniavonBerlepschBoettcheretal.2010,
  author    = {Skrabania, Katja and von Berlepsch, Hans and B{\"o}ttcher, Christoph and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Synthesis of ternary, hydrophilic-lipophilic-fluorophilic block copolymers by consecutive RAFT polymerizations and their self-assembly into multicompartment micelles},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma901913f},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Linear amphiphilic diblock and ternary triblock copolymers were synthesized by the RAFT method in three Successive Steps, using oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether acrylate, butyl or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The diblock and the triblock copolymers, which consist of a hydrophilic, a lipophilic, and a fluorophilic block, self-assemble in water into spherical micellar aggregates. Imaging by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) revealed that the cores of the micellar aggregates made from these "triphilic" copolymers undergo local phase separation to form various ultrastructures, which depend sensitivity on the given block sequence. While the sequence hydrophilic-lipophilic-fluorophilic resulted in multicompartment cores with core-shell-corona morphology, the sequence lipophilic-hydrophilic-fluorophilic provided new "patched double micelle" and larger "soccer ball" structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sievers2010,
  author    = {Sievers, Torsten},
  title     = {Tuning and understanding chain-length of metallo-supramolecular coordination polymers},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 163 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiegmannJelicic2010,
  author    = {Siegmann, Rebekka and Jelicic, Aleksandra},
  title     = {Propagation and termination kinetics of PEGylated methacrylate radical polymerizations},
  issn      = {1022-1352},
  doi       = {10.1002/macp.200900527},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Propagation and chain-length averaged termination rate coefficients, k(p) and <k(t)>, for radical polymerizations of methacrylates carrying poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units are reported. kp derived from pulsed laser initiated polymerizations in bulk, in organic solvents, and in ionic liquids follows the methacrylate-type family behavior. Contrary, diffusion controlled k(t) values obtained from chemically initiated polymerizations with in-line FT- NIR monitoring of monomer conversion are strongly affected by the PEG units in the ester group. Compared to alkyl methacrylates <k(t)> is unexpectedly high. Moreover, <k(t)> of poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate shows a significant reduction in k(t) already at 15\% conversion, whereas dodecyl methacrylate <k(t)> is constant up to at least 70\% conversion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiegmannBeuermann2010,
  author    = {Siegmann, Rebekka and Beuermann, Sabine},
  title     = {Individual rate coefficients for 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate radical polymerizations},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma902653b},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Kinetic data for radical polymerizations of 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate (TDFOMA) in bulk is reported. Pulsed laser initiated polymerizations yield propagation rate coefficients, k(p), which are by a factor of 1.9 higher than methyl methacrylate k(p). The activation energy of TDFOMA k(p) is not significantly different from that of alkyl methacrylates. Chain-length averaged termination rate coefficients were estimated from chemically initiated polymerizations with in-line FT-NIR spectroscopic monitoring of monomer conversion. Up to 30\% of monomer conversion TDFOMA termination rate coefficients are only slightly below MMA low conversion values. The result is suggested to be due to less interactions between the macroradicals compared to nonfluorinated systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShainyanMoskalikStarkeetal.2010,
  author    = {Shainyan, Bagrat A. and Moskalik, Mikail Yu and Starke, Ines and Schilde, Uwe},
  title     = {Formation of unexpected products in the attempted aziridination of styrene with trifluoromethanesulfonyl nitrene},
  issn      = {0040-4020},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.070},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The reaction of styrene with trifluoromethanesulfonyl nitrene generated from trifluoromethanesulfonamide in the system (t-BuOCl+NaI) results in the formation of trifluoro-N-[2-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) aminoethyl]methanesulfonamide, 1-pheny1-2-iodo-ethanol, and 2,5-diphenyl-1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)piperazine rather than the expected product of aziridination, 2-phenyl-1-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) aziridine. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SengeShakerPinteaetal.2010,
  author    = {Senge, Mathias O. and Shaker, Yasser M. and Pintea, Monica and Ryppa, Claudia and Hatscher, Sabine S. and Ryan, Aoife and Sergeeva, Yulia},
  title     = {Synthesis of meso-substituted ABCD-Type porphyrins by functionalization reactions},
  issn      = {1434-193X},
  doi       = {10.1002/ejoc.200901113},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the search for synthetic methods leading to functionalized porphyrins, especially for modification of either the beta- or meso positions. For the latter, total synthesis based on condensation methods or partial synthesis through functionalization of preformed porphyrin have emerged as possible methods. The increasing number of possible technical and medicinal applications for unsymmetrically meso-substituted porphyrins requires straightforward methods for the preparation of the so-called ABCD-porphyrins, i.e., porphyrins with up to four different meso substituents. Here, we describe new strategies for the synthesis of ABCD-type porphyrins based on porphyrin reactions with organolithium reagents and the use of Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. With the whole repertoire of contemporary functionalization methods, a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the various strategies for A-, AB-, A(2)B-, ABC-, A(2)BC- and ABCD-type porphyrins is given. In addition, we report on the synthesis of new functionalized derivatives for some of these porphyrin classes. In practical terms and taking an applied-science- oriented approach, the synthesis of unsymmetrically meso-substituted porphyrins is best accomplished by a combination of well-developed condensation methods with subsequent functionalization. by organolithium compounds or transition-metal- catalyzed coupling protocols. The methods described are suitable for the preparation of porphyrins for many divergent applications ranging over amphiphilic porphyrins for photodynamic therapy, push-pull systems for optical applications and chiral systems useful in catalysis to donor-acceptor systems suitable for electron-transfer studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchweizerSchusterJungingeretal.2010,
  author    = {Schweizer, S. and Schuster, T. and Junginger, Matthias and Siekmeyer, Gerd and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Surface modification of ickel/Titanium Alloy and Titanium Surfaces via a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Coating},
  issn      = {1438-7492},
  doi       = {10.1002/mame.200900347},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The report shows that simple LbL deposition of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged heparin can be used to efficiently modify the native surface of both NiTi and Ti without any previous treatments. Moreover, mineralization of the polymer multilayers with calcium phosphate leads to surfaces with low contact angles around 70 and 20 degrees for NiTi and Ti, respectively. This suggests that a polymer multilayer/calcium phosphate hybrid coating could be useful for making NiTi or Ti implants that are at the same time antibacterial (via the chitosan), suppress blood clot formation (via the heparin), and favor fast endothelialization (via the improved surface hydrophilicity compared to the respective neat material).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzeMicklerDoscheetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Mickler, Wulfhard and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Systematic investigation of photoinduced electron transfer controlled by internal charge transfer and its consequences for selective PdCl2 coordination},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.200902281},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Fluoroionophores of fluorophore-spacer-receptor format were prepared for detection of PdCl2 by fluorescence enhancement. The fluorophore probes 1-13 consist of a fluorophore group, in alkyl spacer and a dithiomaleonitrile PdCl2 receptor. First, varying the length of the alkylene spacer (compounds 1-3) revealed, dominant through-space pathway for oxidative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in CH2-bridged dithiomaleonitrile fluoroionophores. Second. fluorescent probes 4-9 containing two anthracene or pyrene fragments connected through CH2 bridges to the dithiomaleonitrile unit were synthesized. Modulation of the oxidation potential (E-Ox) through electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on the anthracene moiety regulates file thermodynamic driving force for oxidative PET (Delta G(PET)) in bis(anthrylmethylthio)maleonitriles and therefore the fluorescence quantum yields (Phi(f)), too. The new concept was confirmed and transferred to pyrenyl ligands, and fluorescence enhancements (FE) greater than 3.2 in the presence of PdCl2 were achieved by 7 and 8 (FE=5.4 and 5.2). Finally, for comparison, monofluorophore ligands 10-13 were synthesized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzeMicklerDoscheetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Mickler, Wulfhard and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Systematic investigation of photoinduced electron transfer controlled by internal charge transfer and its consequences for selective PdCl2 coordination},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Fluoroionophores of fluorophore-spacer-receptor format were prepared for detection of PdCl2 by fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescent probes 1-13 consist of a fluorophore group, an alkyl spacer and a dithiomaleonitrile PdCl2 receptor. First, varying the length of the alkylene spacer (compounds 1-3) revealed a dominant through-space pathway for oxidative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in CH2-bridged dithiomaleonitrile fluoroionophores. Second, fluorescent probes 4-9 containing two anthracene or pyrene fragments connected through CH2 bridges to the dithiomaleonitrile unit were synthesized. Modulation of the oxidation potential (EOx) through electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on the anthracene moiety regulates the thermodynamic driving force for oxidative PET (GPET) in bis(anthrylmethylthio)maleonitriles and therefore the fluorescence quantum yields (f), too. The new concept was confirmed and transferred to pyrenyl ligands, and fluorescence enhancements (FE) greater than 3.2 in the presence of PdCl2 were achieved by 7 and 8 (FE=5.4 and 5.2). Finally, for comparison, monofluorophore ligands 10-13 were synthesized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzeDoscheFlehretal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Cleve, Ernst and Buschmann, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Combination of a CT modulated PET and an intramolecular excimer formation to quantify PdCl2 by large fluorescence enhancement},
  issn      = {1359-7345},
  doi       = {10.1039/B919973j},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The [6.6](9,10)anthracenophane 1 (Scheme 1) is a selective fluoroionophore for the detection of PdCl2 with a large fluorescence enhancement factor (I/I-0 > 250).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzeDoscheFlehretal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Cleve, Ernst and Buschmann, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Combination of a CT modulated PET and an intramolecular excimer formation to quantify PdCl2 by large fluorescence enhancement},
  issn      = {1359-7345},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzSieversBodenthinetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarz, Guntram and Sievers, Torsten K. and Bodenthin, Yves and Hasslauer, Ires and Geue, Thomas and Koetz, Joachim and Kurth, Dirk G.},
  title     = {The structure of metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes in solution and on surfaces},
  issn      = {0959-9428},
  doi       = {10.1039/B926783b},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Metal ion induced self-assembly of the rigid ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine- 4'-yl) benzene (1) with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) acetate in aqueous solution results in extended, rigid- rod like metallosupramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes (MEPE-1). Under the current experimental conditions the molar masses range from 1000 g mol(-1) up to 500 000 g mol(-1). The molar mass depends on concentration, stoichiometry, metal-ion and time. In addition, we present viscosity measurements, small angle neutron scattering and AFM data. We introduce a protocol to precisely control the stoichiometry during self-assembly using conductometry. The protocol can be used with different terpyridine ligands and the above-mentioned metal ions and is of paramount importance to obtain meaningful and reproducible results. As a control experiment we studied the mononuclear 4'- (phenyl)2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine (3) complex with Ni(II) and Zn(II) and the flexible ligand 1,3- bis[4'-oxa(2,2': 6',2 ''-terpyridinyl)] propane (2) with Ni(II) acetate (Ni-MEPE-2). This ligand does not form extended macroassemblies but likely ring-like structures with 3 to 4 repeat units. Through spin- coating of Ni-MEPE-1 on a solid surface we can image the MEPEs in real space by AFM. SANS measurements of Fe-MEPE-1 verify the extended rigid-rod type structure of the MEPEs in aqueous solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzBodenthinGeueetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarz, Guntram and Bodenthin, Yves and Geue, Thomas and Koetz, Joachim and Kurth, Dirk G.},
  title     = {Structure and properties of dynamic rigid rod-like metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes in solution},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma902057f},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Metal-ion-induced self-assembly in aqueous solution of the rigid ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine-4'-yl)benzene (1) with Fe(OAc)(2) and Ni(OAc)(2) is investigated with viscosimetry, SANS, and AFM. Ligand 1 forms extended, rigid-rod like metallo-supramolecular coordination polyeectrolytes (MEPEs) with a molar mass of up to 200 000 g mol(-1) under the Current experimental conditions. The molar mass depends oil concentration, stoichiometry, and time. By spin-coating MEPEs oil a solid surface, we call image the MEPEs in real space by AFM. Both AFM and SANS confirm the extended rigid-rod-type structure of the MEPEs. As a control experiment, we also studied the flexible ligand 1,3-bis[4'-oxa(2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridinyl)]propane (2). Ligand 2 does not form extended macro-assemblies but likely ringlike structures with three 10 four repeat units. Finally, we present it protocol to control the stoichiometry during self-assembly using conductometry, which is of paramount importance to obtain meaningful and reproducible results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtHagenBreteetal.2010,
  author    = {Schmidt, Roland and Hagen, Sebastian and Brete, Daniel and Carley, Robert and Gahl, Cornelius and Dokic, Jadranka and Saalfrank, Peter and Hecht, Stefan and Tegeder, Petra and Weinelt, Martin},
  title     = {On the electronic and geometrical structure of the trans- and cis-isomer of tetra-tert-butyl-azobenzene on Au(111)},
  issn      = {1463-9076},
  doi       = {10.1039/B924409c},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Near edge X-ray absorption. ne structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been employed to follow the reversible trans to cis isomerization of tetra-tert-butyl-azobenzene (TBA) adsorbed on Au(111). For one monolayer the molecules adopt an adsorption geometry characteristic of the trans-TBA isomer. The azo-bridge (N = N) is aligned nearly parallel to the surface and the phenyl rings exhibit a planar orientation with a small tilt angle <= 4 degrees with respect to the surface normal. Illumination of the molecular layer at 455 nm triggers the trans to cis isomerization which is associated with a pronounced change of the geometrical and electronic structure. The N1s to pi* transition of the central azo-bridge shifts by 0.45 +/- 0.05 eV to higher photon energy and the transition dipole moment (TDM) is tilted by 59 +/- 5 degrees with respect to the surface normal. The pi-system of one phenyl ring is tilted by about 30 degrees with respect to the surface normal, while the second ring plane is oriented nearly perpendicular to the surface. This reorientation is supported by a shift and broadening of the C-H resonances associated with the tert-butyl legs of the molecule. These findings support a configuration of the photo-switched TBA molecule on Au(111) which is comparable to the cis-isomer of the free molecule. In the photo-stationary state 53 +/- 5\% of the TBA molecules are switched to the cis configuration. Thermal activation induces the back reaction to trans-TBA.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtWernerKellingetal.2010,
  author    = {Schmidt, Bernd and Werner, Frank and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe},
  title     = {The reaction of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran with oxalyl chloride : formation and crystal structure analysis of an unexpected bicyclic product},
  issn      = {0022-152X},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {3,4-Dihydro-2-H-pyran and oxalyl chloride react, depending on the conditions, to keto esters, a pyran-3- carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or to an hitherto unknown bicyclic acetal containing a vinyl chloride moiety. The structure of the latter product has been unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. A mechanism for its formation is proposed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ritter2010,
  author    = {Ritter, Nicola},
  title     = {Microporous hih performance polymers : the limits of intrinsic microporosity},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {121 Bl. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Moeller2010,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, El{\´e}onore},
  title     = {Copolymerizations of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {121 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LazarevaShainyanKleinpeter2010,
  author    = {Lazareva, Nataliya F. and Shainyan, Bagrat A. and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {4-Alkyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,4,2,6-oxaazadisilinanes : synthesis, structure, and conformational analysis},
  issn      = {0894-3230},
  doi       = {10.1002/Poc.1605},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {4-Alkyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,4,2,6-oxaazadisilinanes RN[CH2Si(Me)2]2O [R = Me (1), i-Pr (2)] were synthesized by two methods which provided good yields up to 84\%. Low temperature NMR study of compounds (1) and (2) revealed a frozen ring inversion with the energy barriers of 8.5 and 7.7 kcal/mol at 163 and 143 K, respectively, which is substantially lower than that for their carbon analog, N-methylmorpholine. DFT calculations performed on the example of molecule (1) showed that N-Meax conformer to exist in the sofa conformation with the coplanar fragment C-Si-O-Si-C, and its N-Meeq conformer in a flattened chair conformation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KukeMarmodeeEidneretal.2010,
  author    = {Kuke, S. and Marmodee, Bettina and Eidner, Sascha and Schilde, Uwe and Kumke, Michael Uwe},
  title     = {Intramolecular deactivation processes in complexes of salicylic acid or glycolic acid with Eu(III)},
  issn      = {0584-8539},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The complexation of Eu(III) by 2-hydroxy benzoic acid (2HB) or glycolic acid (GL) was investigated using steady- state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out in H2O as well as in D2O in the temperature range of View the MathML source. The Eu(III) luminescence spectra and luminescence decay times were evaluated with respect to the temperature dependence of (i) the luminescence decay time ;, (ii) the energy of the View the MathML source transition, (iii) the width of the View the MathML source transition, and (iv) the asymmetry ratio calculated from the luminescence intensities of the View the MathML source and View the MathML source transition, respectively. The differences in ligand-related luminescence quenching are discussed. Based on the temperature dependence of the luminescence decay times an activation energy for the ligand-specific non-radiative deactivation in Eu(III)-2HB or Eu(III)-GL complexes was determined. It is stressed that ligand-specific quenching processes (other than OH quenching induced by water molecules) need to be determined and considered in detail, in order to extract speciation- relevant information from luminescence data (e.g., estimation of the number of water molecules nH2O in the first coordination sphere of Eu(III)). In case of 2HB, conclusions drawn from the evaluation of the Eu(III) luminescence are compared with results of a X-ray structure analysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KramerKleinpeter2010,
  author    = {Kramer, Markus and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {STD-DOSY : a new NMR method to analyze multi-component enzyme/substrate systems},
  issn      = {1090-7807},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jmr.2009.11.007},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {A new approach to analyze multi-component Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR spectra by combining the STD and the DOSY experiment is proposed. The resulting pulse sequence was successfully used to simplify an exemplary multi- component protein/substrate system by means of standard DOSY processing methods. Furthermore, the same experiment could be applied to calculate the ratio of saturated substrate molecules and its saturation rate in the case of competitive interactions. This ratio depends on the strength of this interaction between the substrates and the protein, so that this kind of information could be extracted from the results of our experiment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterKoch2010,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Koch, Andreas},
  title     = {Identification of benzenoid and quinonoid structures by through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS)},
  issn      = {1089-5639},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterKoch2010,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Koch, Andreas},
  title     = {Probing the exohedral magnetic properties of C20 derivatives by through space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS)},
  issn      = {0166-1280},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.theochem.2009.09.018},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The through space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) of dodecahedrane C20H20, of the isomeric hydrocarbons C20H12, of the ions C20H122+ and C20H122- of the fluxional fullerene C20 and of its dication C202+ have been ab initio calculated employing the NICS concept on basis of MP2/6-31G* geometries and visualized as iso-chemical-shielding/deshielding surfaces (ICSSs). TSNMRS values were employed to study the exohedral magnetic properties of the compounds studied. Hereby, the curved It-conjugation in the compounds studied could be quantified.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterBoelkeKreicberga2010,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Boelke, Ute and Kreicberga, Jana},
  title     = {Quantification of the push-pull character of azo dyes and a basis for their evaluation as potential nonlinear optical materials},
  issn      = {0040-4020},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The push-pull characters of a large series of donor-acceptor substituted azo dyes{\`u}71 structures in all{\`u}have been quantified by the NN double bond lengths, dNN, the 15N NMR chemical shift differences, ;;15N, of the two nitrogen atoms and the quotient, ;*/;, of the occupations of the antibonding ;*, and bonding ; orbitals of this partial NN double bond. The excellent correlation of the occupation quotients with the bond lengths strongly infers that both ;*/; and dNN are excellent parameters for quantifying charge alternation in the push-pull chromophore and the molecular hyperpolarizability, ;0, of these compounds. By this approach, selected compounds can be appropriately considered as viable candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterBoelkeKoch2010,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Boelke, Ute and Koch, Andreas},
  title     = {Subtle Trade-off Existing between (Anti)Aromaticity, Push-Pull Interaction, Keto-Enol Tautomerism, and Steric Hindrance When Defining the Electronic Properties of Conjugated Structures},
  issn      = {1089-5639},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirpichenkoKleinpeterShainyan2010,
  author    = {Kirpichenko, Svetlana V. and Kleinpeter, Erich and Shainyan, Bagrat A.},
  title     = {Conformational analysis of 3,3-dimethyl-3-silathiane, 2,3,3-trimethyl-3-silathiane and 2-trimethylsilyl-3,3- dimethyl-3-silathiane{\`u}preferred conformers, barriers to ring inversion and substituent effec},
  issn      = {0894-3230},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The first conformational analysis of 3-silathiane and its C-substituted derivatives, namely, 3,3-dimethyl-3- silathiane 1, 2,3,3-trimethyl-3-silathiane 2, and 2-trimethylsilyl-3,3-dimethyl-3-silathiane 3 was performed by using dynamic NMR spectroscopy and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) quantum chemical calculations. From coalescence temperatures, ring inversion barriers ;G; for 1 and 2 were estimated to be 6.3 and 6.8;kcal/mol, respectively. These values are considerably lower than that of thiacyclohexane (9.4;kcal/mol) but slightly higher than the one of 1,1- dimethylsilacyclohexane (5.5;kcal/mol). The conformational free energy for the methyl group in 2 (;;G°;=;0.35;kcal/mol) derived from low-temperature 13C NMR data is fairly consistent with the calculated value. For compound 2, theoretical calculations give ;E value close to zero for the equilibrium between the 2-Meax and 2-Meeq conformers. The calculated equatorial preference of the trimethylsilyl group in 3 is much more pronounced (;;G°;=;1.8;kcal/mol) and the predominance of the 3-SiMe3 eq conformer at room temperature was confirmed by the simulated 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectra. The effect of the 2-substituent on the structural parameters of 2 and 3 is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KihampaNkunyaJosephetal.2010,
  author    = {Kihampa, Charles and Nkunya, Mayunga H. H. and Joseph, Cosam C. and Magesa, Stephen M. and Hassanali, Ahmed and Heydenreich, Matthias and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {Antimosquito and antimicrobial clerodanoids and a chlorobenzoid from Tessmannia species},
  issn      = {1934-578X},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The clerodane diterpenoids trans-kolavenolic acid, 18-oxocleroda-3,13(E)-dien-15-oic acid, ent-(18- hydroxycarbonyl)-cleroda- 3,13(E)-dien-15-oate, 2-oxo-ent-cleroda-3,13(Z)-dien-15-oic acid and trans-2-oxo-ent-cleroda- 13(Z)-en-15-oic acid, and the chlorobenzenoid O-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxycarbonyl-5-pentylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-methoxy-6-pentyl- 2-oxybenzoic acid were isolated from Tessmannia martiniana var pauloi and T. martiniana var matiniana. Structures were established based on interpretation of spectroscopic data. Some of the compounds exhibited significant antimosquito, antifungal and antibacterial activities.},
  language  = {en}
}