@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Biological age},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {44 -- 47},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Variable and invariable proportions in the ontogenesis of the human face},
  series = {The journal of craniofacial surgery : an international journal dedicated to the practice of the art and science of craniofacial surgery ; official publication of the American Association of Pediatric Plastic Surgeons},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {The journal of craniofacial surgery : an international journal dedicated to the practice of the art and science of craniofacial surgery ; official publication of the American Association of Pediatric Plastic Surgeons},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1049-2275},
  doi       = {10.1097/SCS.0b013e31826d07a3},
  pages     = {237 -- 241},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The human face shows individual features and features that are characteristic for sex and age (the loss of childlike characteristics during maturation). The analysis of facial dimensions is essential for identifying individual features also for forensic issues. The analysis of facial proportions was performed on photogrammetric data from front views of 125 children. The data were pooled from 2 different studies. The children's data were obtained from a longitudinal study and reduced by random generator to ensure the data of adults from a separate cross-sectional study. We applied principal component analysis on photogrammetric facial proportions of 169 individuals: 125 children (63 boys and 62 girls) aged 2-7 years and 44 adults (18 men and 26 women) aged 18-65 years. Facial proportions depend on age and sex. Three components described age: (1) proportions of facial height to head height, (2) proportions that involve endocanthal breadth, and (3) bigonial to bizygonial proportions. Proportions that associate with sex are connected with nasal distances and nasal to bizygonial distances. Twenty-three percent of the variance, particularly variance that are connected with proportions of lower and middle face heights to head height, do neither depend on sex nor on age and thus appear useful for screening purposes, eg, for dysmorphic genetic syndromes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchradeScheffler2013,
  author    = {Schrade, Lisa and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Assessing the applicability of the digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) Bosch 250 VF for anthropometric field studies},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2013/0223},
  pages     = {137 -- 145},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) BOSCH 250 VF was tested as a modified preproduction model with regard to its applicability of quantifying humans' height. The aim of this investigation was to determine and evaluate the instrument's precision, as well as its manageability within anthropometric field studies. Data collected by the digital laser rangefinder did not show a significant difference to data of control by an anthropometer. Furthermore, more than 96\% of the difference values are located within area of agreement. Nevertheless, the GLM Professional (R) is a highly sensitive instrument and mean SD within threefold data acquisition is twice as high as SD resulting from data collection by an anthropometer. However, due to the minimal percentage differences within data acquisition and compared to the standard method, the GLM Professional (R) is proved to be a reliable instrument and to be highly applicable for anthropometric field studies. Furthermore, due to its excellent manageability and compact size, the GLM Professional (R) shows a very good applicability even for less trained anthropometrists and thus ameliorates the possibilities of collecting reliable data within anthropometric field studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RietschEccardScheffler2013,
  author    = {Rietsch, Katrin and Eccard, Jana and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Decreased external skeletal robustness due to reduced physical activity?},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-0533},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.22389},
  pages     = {404 -- 410},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objectives Childhood obesity is a global problem, e.g., due to physical inactivity. External skeletal robustness (Frame-Index) has decreased in German schoolchildren. An association between Frame-Index and physical activity was assumed. Further often body mass index (BMI) is analyzed without reference to bone structure. Therefore, we analyze relationships between Frame-Index, BMI, \% body fat, and physical activity. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 691 German children aged 610 years were investigated. BMI, \% body fat, Frame-Index, total steps p.w., sports club rate p.w., training time p.d., and TV-time p.d. were determined. Results Total steps (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), and \% body fat (P=0.024) are positively linked to Frame-Index. Total steps (P<0.001), sports club rate (P=0.001), and training time (P<0.001) are negatively associated with \% body fat. Total steps (P=0.017) are negatively linked to BMI. TV-time is positively related to BMI (P<0.001) and \% body fat (P<0.001). \% Body fat is affected by age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.028), and total steps (P=0.002). BMI is influenced by age (P<0.001), and Frame-Index by sex (P<0.001) and total steps (P=0.029). Principal component analysis indicates an association between BMI and TV-time and Frame-Index and total steps. Conclusions We demonstrate an association between external skeletal robustness and physical activity, which is not captured by in BMI measurements. Children should be physically active in order to maintain skeletal robustness. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:404410, 2013.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RietschGodinaScheffler2013,
  author    = {Rietsch, Katrin and Godina, Elena and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Decreased External Skeletal Robustness in Schoolchildren - a Global Trend? ; Ten Year Comparison of Russian and German Data},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0068195},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Obesity and a reduced physical activity are global developments. Physical activity affects the external skeletal robustness which decreased in German children. It was assumed that the negative trend of decreased external skeletal robustness can be found in other countries. Therefore anthropometric data of Russian and German children from the years 2000 and 2010 were compared. Methods: Russian (2000/2010 n = 1023/268) and German (2000/2010 n = 2103/1750) children aged 6-10 years were investigated. Height, BMI and external skeletal robustness (Frame-Index) were examined and compared for the years and the countries. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney-Test. Results: Comparison 2010 and 2000: In Russian children BMI was significantly higher; boys were significantly taller and exhibited a decreased Frame-Index (p = .002) in 2010. German boys showed significantly higher BMI in 2010. In both sexes Frame-Index (p = .001) was reduced in 2010. Comparison Russian and German children in 2000: BMI, height and Frame-Index were different between Russian and German children. German children were significantly taller but exhibited a lower Frame-Index (p<.001). Even German girls showed a significantly higher BMI. Comparison Russian and German children in 2010: BMI and Frame-Index were different. Russian children displayed a higher Frame-Index (p<.001) compared with Germans. Conclusions: In Russian children BMI has increased in recent years. Frame-Index is still higher in Russian children compared with Germans however in Russian boys Frame-Index is reduced. This trend and the physical activity should be observed in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RietschEccardScheffler2013,
  author    = {Rietsch, Katrin and Eccard, Jana and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Decreased external skeletal robustness due to reduced physical activity?},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Comparative Biology and Human Life History},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {38 -- 41},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchradeScheffler2013,
  author    = {Schrade, Lisa and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Assessing the applicability of the digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional Bosch 250 VF for anthropometric field studies},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Determining body composition in field studies},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {32 -- 33},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RietschGodinaScheffler2013,
  author    = {Rietsch, Katrin and Godina, Elena and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Decreased external skeletal robustness in schoolchildren : a global trend? Ten year comparison of Russian and German data},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Variable and Invariable Proportions in the Ontogenesis of the Human Face},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Types of Body Shape},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {28 -- 29},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Body composition},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {30 -- 31},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}