@article{EbertMeyerLeffersetal.2016,
  author    = {Ebert, Franziska and Meyer, S{\"o}ren and Leffers, Larissa and Raber, Georg and Francesconi, Kevin A. and Schwerdtle, Tanja},
  title     = {Toxicological characterisation of a thio-arsenosugar-glycerol in human cells},
  series = {Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology},
  publisher = {Springer Publishing Company},
  address   = {Jena},
  issn      = {0946-672X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.013},
  pages     = {150 -- 156},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Arsenosugars are water-soluble arsenic species predominant in marine algae and other seafood including mussels and oysters. They typically occur at levels ranging from 2 to 50 mg arsenic/kg dry weight. Most of the arsenosugars contain arsenic as a dimethylarsinoyl group (Me2As(O)-), commonly referred to as the oxo forms, but thio analogues have also been identified in marine organisms and as metabolic products of oxo-arsenosugars. So far, no data regarding toxicity and toxicokinetics of thio-arsenosugars are available. This in vitro-based study indicates that thio-dimethylarsenosugar-glycerol exerts neither pronounced cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity even though this arsenical was bioavailable to human hepatic (HepG2) and urothelial (UROtsa) cells. Experiments with the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model mimicking human absorption indicate for the thio-arsenosugar-glycerol higher intestinal bioavailability as compared to the oxo-arsenosugars. Nevertheless, absorption estimates were much lower in comparison to other arsenicals including arsenite and arsenic-containing hydrocarbons. Arsenic speciation in cell lysates revealed that HepG2 cells are able to metabolise the thio-arsenosugar-glycerol to some extent to dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). These first in vitro data cannot fully exclude risks to human health related to the presence of thio-arsenosugars in food. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NiehoffSchulzSoltwischetal.2016,
  author    = {Niehoff, Ann-Christin and Schulz, Jacqueline and Soltwisch, Jens and Meyer, Soren and Kettling, Hans and Sperling, Michael and Jeibmann, Astrid and Dreisewerd, Klaus and Francesconi, Kevin A. and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Karst, Uwe},
  title     = {Imaging by Elemental and Molecular Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Uptake of an Arsenolipid in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster},
  series = {Analytical chemistry},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Analytical chemistry},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0003-2700},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00333},
  pages     = {5258 -- 5263},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) are natural products of marine organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and algae, many of which are important seafoods. A major group of arsenolipids, namely, the arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC), have recently been shown to be cytotoxic to human liver and bladder cells, a result that has stimulated interest in the chemistry and toxicology of these compounds. In this study, elemental laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and molecular matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-)MS were used to image and quantify the uptake of an AsHC in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Using these two complementary methods, both an enrichment of arsenic and the presence of the AsHC in the brain were revealed, indicating that the intact arsenolipid had crossed the blood-brain barrier. Simultaneous acquisition of quantitative elemental concentrations and molecular distributions could allow new insight into organ-specific enrichment and possible transportation processes of arsenic-containing bioactive compounds in living organisms.},
  language  = {en}
}