@misc{LauterbachWittPlessenetal.2017,
  author    = {Lauterbach, Stefan and Witt, Roman and Plessen, Birgit and Dulski, Peter and Prasad, Sushma and Mingram, Jens and Gleixner, Gerd and Hettler-Riedel, Sabine and Stebich, Martina and Schnetger, Bernhard and Schwalb, Antje and Schwarz, Anja},
  title     = {Climatic imprint of the mid-latitude Westerlies in the Central Tian Shan of Kyrgyzstan and teleconnections to North Atlantic climate variability during the last 6000 years},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404085},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In general, a moderate drying trend is observed in mid-latitude arid Central Asia since the Mid-Holocene, attributed to the progressively weakening influence of the mid-latitude Westerlies on regional climate. However, as the spatio-temporal pattern of this development and the underlying climatic mechanisms are yet not fully understood, new high-resolution paleoclimate records from this region are needed. Within this study, a sediment core from Lake Son Kol (Central Kyrgyzstan) was investigated using sedimentological, (bio) geochemical, isotopic, and palynological analyses, aiming at reconstructing regional climate development during the last 6000 years. Biogeochemical data, mainly reflecting summer moisture conditions, indicate predominantly wet conditions until 4950 cal. yr BP, succeeded by a pronounced dry interval between 4950 and 3900 cal. yr BP. In the following, a return to wet conditions and a subsequent moderate drying trend until present times are observed. This is consistent with other regional paleoclimate records and likely reflects the gradual Late Holocene diminishment of the amount of summer moisture provided by the mid-latitude Westerlies. However, climate impact of the Westerlies was apparently not only restricted to the summer season but also significant during winter as indicated by recurrent episodes of enhanced allochthonous input through snowmelt, occurring before 6000 cal. yr BP and at 5100-4350, 3450-2850, and 1900-1500 cal. yr BP. The distinct similar to 1500year periodicity of these episodes of increased winter precipitation in Central Kyrgyzstan resembles similar cyclicities observed in paleoclimate records around the North Atlantic, likely indicating a hemispheric-scale climatic teleconnection and an impact of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability in Central Asia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Geiss2004,
  author    = {Geiß, Paul Georg},
  title     = {Regionalismus und Staatlichkeit in Turkmenistan},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11650},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Regionalism in Central Asia is often identified with the dominance of tribal affiliations in politics. This classification, however, is problematic because it neglects the extent of social change under the Soviet rule. In Soviet Turkmenistan state structures were relatively strong. However, personal relations within the Communist party had preserved patrimonial elements within the state. The dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a stronger patrimonialization of authority relations. In Turkmenistan, this process led to an extreme form of a neo-patrimonial state due to the personal and arbitrary rule of its president Nijazov.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Berg2004,
  author    = {Berg, Andrea},
  title     = {Dynastie oder Demokratie? : Die Personalisierung des Staates in Zentralasien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47405},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The increasing concentration of power in the hands of the presidential families in all Central Asian states led to the personalisation of the state during the last years. The presidents successfully established neo-patrimonial, authoritarian regimes with a high level of consolidation but without fulfilling the criterion of democracy. The article explores the strategies the presidents use to maintain their authority and discusses which political developments can be expected concerning the question of succession.},
  language  = {de}
}