@phdthesis{Rupp2018, author = {Rupp, Michael}, title = {„Probably the Finest Organisation of its Kind"}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429851}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {334}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Entstehung der modernen britischen Nachrichtendienstarchitektur fiel in die erste H{\"a}lfte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts. Zeitgleich erfuhr die britische Gesellschaft eine nie dagewesene Demokratisierung. Die Arbeit versucht darzulegen, wie auch vermeintlich arkane Bereiche staatlichen Handelns in {\"o}ffentliche Aushandlungsprozesse eingebettet sind und rekonstruiert deshalb erstmals systematisch {\"o}ffentliche und fach{\"o}ffentliche Diskurse {\"u}ber Nachrichtendienste Großbritanniens im Zeitalter der Weltkriege.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zur2018, author = {Zur, Avichai}, title = {פרדוקס 'הידיעה והבחירה' במשנת ר' צדוק הכהן מלובלין}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412201}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {371, xxxiii}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This research deals with R. Zadok's innovative writings. According to most scholars R. Zadok continues the doctrine of his rabbi R. Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica and introduces existential fatalism: man has the freedom to act against the customary law, according to God's will which is revealed in his heart, even in his passions, which exceed the Halacha; however, man does not determine the will that is revealed in the root of his soul, but only uncovers it. Many expressions, in content and form, of this fatalism can be found in R. Zadok's writings; yet, he also introduces many remarks about human free choice and its creative power to establish and determine man's root and re-establish and influence the Divine worlds and this world. This research focuses on these passages whose centrality has been so far neglected by research. Hence, its renewed understanding of his doctrine. R. Zadok's position can be explained by means of the paradoxical perception, which claims the full strength of the two opposites and even a mutual influence between them, which creates a difficult yet fertile tension: as opposed to the a priori intellectual and formal process of fatalism where Divine Foreknowledge eliminates free choice, R. Zadok introduces fatality which identifies in reality itself the Divine foreknowledge and will that exist in all things. In R. Zadok's fatality, Divine foreknowledge does not eliminate free choice; on the contrary, without Divine foreknowledge, nothing has existence. Therefore, only the existence of Divine foreknowledge within free choice enables its true and indeed free fulfillment. R. Zadok's ontological perception is realized not only in the direct content of his words but also indirectly, in the method of his exegesis and the sense he gives to the concepts he discusses. Therefore the fatality is revealed in other areas in which there is a gap between the absolute dimension ('Yedi'ah') and the contingent dimension ('Bechirah'): the lie, imagination, evil, sin, suffering etc., indeed contingent compared with the absoluteness of truth, good, etc.; however, according to R. Zadok, God wants them as such - that is to say, they have an essential existence and actuality that are not absolute, but rather as such: as contingent, temporary and relative. However, these essential existence and actuality do not confirm them as they are but create a transformation within them. For example, evil does not become absolute good or remains evil but rather turns into 'Very Good' (Tov Me'od) which includes evil and according to Rabbi Zadok is greater than regular good. From this, rises also the opposite influence: that of free choice, or contingent Bechira in general, on Divine Foreknowledge, or absolute Yediah in general. According to R. Zadok, when the contingency and relativity of "Bechirah" received its essential existence and actuality, it has the power so to speak, to add dynamism to the permanent Divine absoluteness of the 'Yedi'ah': the affliction (Nega; נגע) of sin or suffering turns by itself, by interchanging its letters, into pleasure (Oneg; ענג) which is greater than regular delight. Man has the power to influence the upper worlds by decreeing decrees or by canceling Divine decrees; he also has the power to influence the daily novelties of this world, by the novellaes of the Oral Law and the sanctification of the new month which is capable of changing the movement of the zodiac. The human creativity of the novellae of the Oral Law is included in the Divine truth which is hidden in the Written Law and it only reveals and interprets the latter; but on the other hand, according to R. Zadok, the source of the dynamic vital novellaes of the Oral Law is higher than the source of the permanent absoluteness of Written Law and they are those which create and determine the latter. R. Zadok introduces two main concepts for his paradox: On the ontological perception - Yichud Gamur, the Ultimate Unification of God, in which the contingent duality (between God and His creation, and the choice it enables) of the Lower Unification paradoxically exists with the absolute unification and Divine Foreknowledge of the Upper Unification. On the perception of man's existential situation - HaShoresh HaNe'elam, The Hidden Root: unlike Rabbi Mordechai Yosef, his rabbi, rabbi Zadok claims that man determines his destiny by his willful contingent actions - yet, simultaneously, like his rabbi, he also claims that the man's permanent root is determined by God and His Foreknowledge and it is what determines his actions for better or worse. But above these R. Zadok points to an additional Hidden Root which is higher than the permanent one: it is indeed an absolute root (Yediah) yet is determined and established by man's willful actions (Bechira), similar to the Divine creation of 'ex nihilo'.}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Ernst2018, author = {Ernst, Sebastian}, title = {{\"A}rgerliche R{\"a}ume und R{\"a}ume der Erg{\"o}tzlichkeit}, series = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam ; 8}, journal = {Schriften des Fr{\"u}hneuzeitzentrums Potsdam ; 8}, publisher = {V\&R unipress}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8471-0860-3}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {457}, year = {2018}, abstract = {{\"A}rgerliche Wirtsh{\"a}user, erg{\"o}tzliche H{\"a}fen, empfindsame Kerker: R{\"a}ume und Emotionen bilden emotionale Topografien, mit deren Hilfe sich die Akteure die Welt als Lebenswelt ordnen und aneignen. Der Autor untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Bewegung in fr{\"u}hneuzeitlichen R{\"a}umen und der emotionalen Bewegtheit der Akteure. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass Emotionen und R{\"a}ume dabei nicht nur passiv erlebt, sondern aktiv vollzogen werden. Denn es handelt sich bei beiden um wechselseitig verbundene Handlungsanweisungen, die in Regeln, Topoi und Vorstellungen m{\"u}nden. Die sich ergebenden Verflechtungen nehmen verschiedene Formen an, die in kulturell, sozial und individuell bedingten emotionalen Topografien kulminieren, also in Anordnungen von R{\"a}umen und zugeh{\"o}rigen Emotionen. In dieser Struktur liegen somit Erkl{\"a}rungen f{\"u}r das Verhalten der Akteure verborgen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Scheerer2018, author = {Scheerer, Jana Sibylle}, title = {Zur Aushandlung interaktionaler und politischer Accountability in Wahlsendungen mit Zuschauerbeteiligung}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {378}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Seyferth2018, author = {Seyferth, Lonny}, title = {Zum Reformengagement der Torhorst-Schwestern Adelheid (1884-1968) und Marie (1888-1989) im (Aus-)Bildungswesen der Weimarer Republik}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44520}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445204}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {343}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Im Fokus der bildungshistorischen und doppelbiografischen Dissertation steht die Darstellung des vielseitigen Reformengagements der Torhorst-Schwestern Adelheid und Marie im (Aus-) Bildungswesen der Weimarer Republik. Die Begriffe „Reform" und „Engagement" stellen tragende inhaltliche Signaturen der quellenbasierten Ann{\"a}herung an das Geschwisterpaar dar. Thematisiert werden ihre Berufsbiografien in ihren jeweiligen bildungspolitischen sowie bildungspraktischen Wirkungskreisen - inmitten der ersten „echten" deutschen Demokratie. Die Studie zielt insbesondere darauf ab, den Kreis der bildungshistorischen Repr{\"a}sentantinnen f{\"u}r eine konstruktive Ausgestaltung des (Fort-)Bildungswesens im Sinne eines notwendigen, aber nicht realisierten Modernisierungs- und Demokratisierungsprozesses in jenem Zeitraum zu erweitern. Die Aufarbeitung des bisher in der bildungsgeschichtlichen Forschung weitestgehend unbekannten Schaffens vermag es, den vielschichtigen Bedeutungsebenen von Schulreform(en) und Reformp{\"a}dagogik gerecht(er) zu werden. Die Arbeit intendiert zudem eine Horizonterweiterung des bildungshistorischen Blickfeldes - vor allem in Bezug auf bildungspolitische und schulpraktische Realisierungen von essenziellen Reformen in den Bereichen sekund{\"a}rer (Aus-)Bildungseinrichtungen. Die Schwestern bestimmten sowohl als kommunalpolitische als auch als schulpraktische Akteure die neue Praxis und die neuen Anforderungen der demokratischen Staatsform mit. Adelheid Torhorst k{\"a}mpfte - {\"u}ber ihren kommunalen Verantwortungsradius hinausreichend - aktiv im Rahmen ihrer von 1924-1931 andauernden Mitgliedschaft im Bund der Freien Schulgesellschaften (BFS) f{\"u}r eine gesamte Weltlichkeit des deutschen Schul- und (Aus-)Bildungswesens. Beide Frauen mussten auf ihren T{\"a}tigkeitsebenen erfahren, dass ihre immer st{\"a}rker werdenden sozialistisch gepr{\"a}gten Vorstellungen bez{\"u}glich der deutschen Bildungslandschaft Illusionen blieben. Vielmehr erkannten sie zunehmend einen Zusammenhang zwischen den etablierten Machtstrukturen; ein gesellschaftlicher Fortschritt, der sich in ihren Augen in einem sozial durchl{\"a}ssigen und weltlichen Bildungswesen formierte, erforderte vor allem strukturelle Ver{\"a}nderungen. F{\"u}r diese jedoch gab es keine gesellschaftlichen und politischen Mehrheiten. Die doppelbiografische Perspektive mit dem Fokus auf das Bleibende des Reformengagements sensibilisiert f{\"u}r gegenw{\"a}rtige bildungspolitische Streitfragen. Der kritisch-reflexive Blick geht zun{\"a}chst mit einer W{\"u}rdigung der qualifizierenden deutschen (Aus-) Bildungslandschaft einher; sch{\"a}tzt die liberalen Errungenschaften wie die Entscheidungsfreiheit der Eltern in Bezug zum Besuch des Religionsunterrichts ihrer Kinder als ein Privileg einer demokratischen, sozial offenen Gesellschaft. Es braucht in einer herausfordernden Zukunft mehr denn je mutige Akteure mit progressivem Reformpotenzial. Das wegweisende Engagement der Torhorst-Schwestern stand im Kontext eines schulischen sowie gesellschaftlichen Fortschrittgedankens, der sowohl die Moderne positiv pr{\"a}gt und tr{\"a}gt, der aber auch f{\"u}r deren Krisen und Konflikte steht. Im gegenw{\"a}rtigen (Aus-)Bildungswesen entstehen ebenso immer wieder neue Spannungen und Reformbedarfe, die es gilt, mit entsprechenden bildungspolitischen Richtlinien „von oben" gesetzlich neu zu reglementieren - mit Leben gef{\"u}llt werden sie mit dem Engagement „von unten".}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{vonKapherr2018, author = {von Kap-herr, Katrin}, title = {Zeigen und Verbergen}, publisher = {transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-4192-9}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Obwohl heutige Filme kaum mehr ohne Effekte auskommen, gelten digitale Visual Effects h{\"a}ufig als St{\"o}rfaktor oder bloßes Spektakel. Nur selten werden althergebrachte Diskurse und Vorurteile hinterfragt und Visual Effects oft als lediglich ins Digitale transformierte Effekte gesehen. F{\"u}r einen neuen Zugang zu diesem bisher unterrepr{\"a}sentierten Medienph{\"a}nomen schl{\"a}gt Katrin von Kap-herr die Betrachtung der digitalen Visual Effects unter einem Doppelgestus des gleichzeitigen Zeigens und Verbergens vor. Dies l{\"a}sst eine neue Lesart der Visual Effects zutage treten, welche sich deutlich von den Strategien der analogen Vorg{\"a}nger absetzt. Die Untersuchung schließt damit eine L{\"u}cke f{\"u}r eine deutschsprachige Leserschaft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Vladova2018, author = {Vladova, Gergana}, title = {Wissensmanagement im Kontext der Interdependenzen zwischen Unternehmenskultur und beruflicher kultureller Pr{\"a}gung}, publisher = {Gito}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-95545-223-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {286}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Neben der vorherrschenden Unternehmenskultur existieren innerhalb der Organisationen unterschiedliche Subkulturen. Eine solche Subkultur - die berufliche - ist im Kontext dieser Arbeit von Bedeutung. Ihr Einfluss auf das Individuum in Form einer sekund{\"a}ren Sozialisation f{\"a}ngt in der Regel noch vor dem Eintritt im Unternehmen an und kann je nach Dauer der Einflussnahme und St{\"a}rke der Unternehmens- und der Subkulturen unterschiedlich sein. Im Mittelpunkt des Buches steht die Untersuchung der Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen der beruflichen kulturellen Pr{\"a}gung der Mitarbeiter und dem Umgang mit Wissen im Unternehmenskontext. Das Buch bietet einen theoretischen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die relevanten Themenfelder, stellt die Entwicklung eines Modells der Interdependenzen zwischen Wissensmanagement, Unternehmenskultur und beruflicher Subkultur vor und diskutiert erste Ergebnisse zur empirischen Untersuchung der Interdependenzen sowie das hierzu entwickelte Instrument.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Meyer2018, author = {Meyer, Susann}, title = {Wirkung und Wirkungsweise von Ectoin auf DNA-Molek{\"u}le}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {103}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mainka2018, author = {Mainka, Stefan}, title = {Wieder gehen lernen mit Musik}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430049}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {88}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Mehrzahl der Schlaganfallpatienten leidet unter St{\"o}rungen der Gehf{\"a}higkeit. Die Behandlung der Folgen des Schlaganfalls stellt eine der h{\"a}ufigsten Indikationen f{\"u}r die neurologische Rehabilitation dar. Dabei steht die Wiederherstellung von sensomotorischen Funktionen, insbesondere der Gehf{\"a}higkeit, und der gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe im Vordergrund. In Deutschland wird in der Gangrehabilitation nach Schlaganfall oft das Neurophysiologische Gangtraining nach Bobath (NGB) angewandt, das jedoch in seiner Effektivit{\"a}t kritisch gesehen wird. In Behandlungsleitlinien wird zuerst das Laufbandtraining (LT) empfohlen. F{\"u}r diese Therapie liegen Wirknachweise f{\"u}r Verbesserungen in Gehgeschwindigkeit und Gehausdauer vor. Auch f{\"u}r die Rhythmisch-auditive Stimulation (RAS), dem ebenerdigen Gangtraining mit akustischer Stimulation liegt vergleichbare Evidenz f{\"u}r Schlaganfallpatienten vor. Ziel der durchgef{\"u}hrten Studie war es, zu kl{\"a}ren ob der Einsatz von RAS die Effektivit{\"a}t von LT verbessert. Es wurden die Auswirkungen eines 4-w{\"o}chigen musikgest{\"u}tzten Laufbandtrainings auf die Gangrehabilitation von Schlaganfallpatienten untersucht. F{\"u}r die Kombinationstherapie RAS mit Laufbandtraining (RAS-LT) wurde spezielle Trainingsmusik entwickelt. Diese wurde an die individuelle Laufbandkadenz des Patienten angepasst und in Abstimmung mit der Bandgeschwindigkeit systematisch gesteigert. Untersucht wurde, ob RAS-LT zu st{\"a}rkeren Verbesserungen der Gehf{\"a}higkeit bei Schlaganfallpatienten f{\"u}hrt als die Standardtherapien NGB und LT. Dazu wurde eine klinische Evaluation im prospektiven randomisierten und kontrollierten Parallelgruppendesign mit 45 Patienten nach Schlaganfall durchgef{\"u}hrt. 45 Patienten mit Hemiparese der unteren Extremit{\"a}t oder unsicherem und asymmetrischem Gangbild wurden in der Akutphase nach Schlaganfall eingeschlossen. Bei 10 Patienten wurde die Studie w{\"a}hrend der Interventionsphase abgebrochen, davon 1 Patient mit unerw{\"u}nschter Nebenwirkung in Folge des LT. Die verwendete Testbatterie umfasste neben Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Gehfunktion wie Fast Gait Speed Test, 3-min-Walking-Time-Test und der apparativen Ganganalyse mit dem Lokometer nach Bessou eine statische Posturographie und eine kinematische 2D-Ganganalyse auf dem Laufband. Diese Methode wurde in Erweiterung der bisherigen Studienlage in dieser Form erstmals f{\"u}r diese Fragestellung und dieses Patientenkollektiv konzipiert und eingesetzt. Sie erm{\"o}glichte eine differenzierte und seitenbezogene Beurteilung der Bewegungsqualit{\"a}t. Die prim{\"a}ren Endpunkte der Studie waren die longitudinalen Gangparameter Kadenz, Gehgeschwindigkeit und Schrittl{\"a}nge. Als sekund{\"a}re Endpunkte dienten die Schrittsymmetrie, die Gehausdauer, das statische Gleichgewicht und die Bewegungsqualit{\"a}t des Gehens. Pr{\"a}-Post-Effekte wurden f{\"u}r die gesamte Stichprobe und f{\"u}r jede Gruppe durch T-Tests und wenn Normalverteilung nicht gegeben war mit dem Wilcoxon-Vorzeichen-Rangtest errechnet. F{\"u}r die Ermittlung der Wirkungsunterschiede der 3 Interventionen wurde eine Kovarianzanalyse mit zwei Kovariaten durchgef{\"u}hrt: (1) der jeweilige Pr{\"a}-Interventionsparameter und (2) die Zeit zwischen Akutereignis und Studienbeginn. F{\"u}r einzelne Messparameter waren die Vorbedingungen der Kovarianzanalyse nicht erf{\"u}llt, sodass stattdessen ein Kruskal-Wallis H Test durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Das Signifikanzniveau wurde auf p < 0,05 und f{\"u}r gruppenspezifische Pr{\"a}-Post-Effekte auf p > 0,016 gesetzt. Effektst{\"a}rken wurden mit Cohens d berechnet. Es wurden die Datens{\"a}tze von 35 Patienten (RAS-LT: N = 11, LT: N = 13, NGB: N = 11) mit einem Alter von 63.6 ±8.6 Jahren, und mit einer Zeit zwischen Akutereignis und Beginn der Studie von 42.1 ±23.7 Tagen ausgewertet. In der statistischen Auswertung zeigten sich in der Nachuntersuchung st{\"a}rkere Verbesserungen durch RAS-LT in der Kadenz (F(2,34) = 7.656, p = 0.002; partielles η2 = 0.338), wobei auch die Gruppenkontraste signifikante Unterschiede zugunsten von RAS-LT aufwiesen und eine Tendenz zu st{\"a}rkerer Verbesserung in der Gehgeschwindigkeit (F(2,34) = 3.864, p = 0.032; partielles η2 = 0.205). Auch die Ergebnisse zur Schrittsymmetrie und zur Bewegungsqualit{\"a}t deuteten auf eine {\"U}berlegenheit des neuen Therapieansatzes RAS-LT hin, obgleich dort keine statistischen Signifikanzen im Gruppenvergleich erreicht wurden. Die Parameter Schrittl{\"a}nge, Gehausdauer und die Werte zum statischen Gleichgewicht zeigten keine spezifischen Effekte von RAS-LT. Die Studie liefert erstmals Anhaltspunkte f{\"u}r eine klinische {\"U}berlegenheit von RAS-LT gegen{\"u}ber den Standardtherapien. Die weitere Entwicklung und Beforschung dieses innovativen Therapieansatzes k{\"o}nnen in Zukunft zu einer verbesserten Gangrehabilitation von Patienten nach Schlaganfall beitragen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jehle2018, author = {Jehle, Anna}, title = {Welle der Konsumgesellschaft}, series = {Medien und Gesellschaftswandel im 20. Jahrhundert ; 9}, journal = {Medien und Gesellschaftswandel im 20. Jahrhundert ; 9}, publisher = {Wallstein Verlag}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8353-3215-7}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {414}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Wie beeinflussten sich Massenmedien und Massenkonsum im Frankreich der Nachkriegszeit gegenseitig? Radio Luxembourg war in der europ{\"a}ischen Rundfunklandschaft der Nachkriegszeit eine Ausnahme: Die privatkommerzielle Radiostation sendete werbefinanzierte Unterhaltungsprogramme in die benachbarten Staaten und erreichte damit ein Millionenpublikum. Die Autorin Anna Jehle zeigt anhand verschiedener Untersuchungsfelder - der Unternehmens- und Programmgeschichte, der Zielgruppen, der Marketingaktivit{\"a}ten und des Werbezeitenverkaufs -, wie eng die Entwicklung der Konsumgesellschaft im Frankreich der sogenannten trente glorieuses mit der Verbreitung und Nutzung des Radios verbunden war. Mit seinem ganz auf Massenkonsum ausgerichteten Rundfunkkonzept war Radio Luxembourg nicht nur integraler Bestandteil, sondern auch Katalysator und Agent der Konsummoderne. Dies hatte weitreichende Auswirkungen f{\"u}r das franz{\"o}sische Rundfunksystem, das sich unter dem Einfluss Radio Luxembourgs kommerzialisierte, und zwar bereits lange vor der Deregulierung des Rundfunks in den 1980er Jahren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Klimke2018, author = {Klimke, Jan}, title = {Web-based provisioning and application of large-scale virtual 3D city models}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42805}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428053}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 141}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Virtual 3D city models represent and integrate a variety of spatial data and georeferenced data related to urban areas. With the help of improved remote-sensing technology, official 3D cadastral data, open data or geodata crowdsourcing, the quantity and availability of such data are constantly expanding and its quality is ever improving for many major cities and metropolitan regions. There are numerous fields of applications for such data, including city planning and development, environmental analysis and simulation, disaster and risk management, navigation systems, and interactive city maps. The dissemination and the interactive use of virtual 3D city models represent key technical functionality required by nearly all corresponding systems, services, and applications. The size and complexity of virtual 3D city models, their management, their handling, and especially their visualization represent challenging tasks. For example, mobile applications can hardly handle these models due to their massive data volume and data heterogeneity. Therefore, the efficient usage of all computational resources (e.g., storage, processing power, main memory, and graphics hardware, etc.) is a key requirement for software engineering in this field. Common approaches are based on complex clients that require the 3D model data (e.g., 3D meshes and 2D textures) to be transferred to them and that then render those received 3D models. However, these applications have to implement most stages of the visualization pipeline on client side. Thus, as high-quality 3D rendering processes strongly depend on locally available computer graphics resources, software engineering faces the challenge of building robust cross-platform client implementations. Web-based provisioning aims at providing a service-oriented software architecture that consists of tailored functional components for building web-based and mobile applications that manage and visualize virtual 3D city models. This thesis presents corresponding concepts and techniques for web-based provisioning of virtual 3D city models. In particular, it introduces services that allow us to efficiently build applications for virtual 3D city models based on a fine-grained service concept. The thesis covers five main areas: 1. A Service-Based Concept for Image-Based Provisioning of Virtual 3D City Models It creates a frame for a broad range of services related to the rendering and image-based dissemination of virtual 3D city models. 2. 3D Rendering Service for Virtual 3D City Models This service provides efficient, high-quality 3D rendering functionality for virtual 3D city models. In particular, it copes with requirements such as standardized data formats, massive model texturing, detailed 3D geometry, access to associated feature data, and non-assumed frame-to-frame coherence for parallel service requests. In addition, it supports thematic and artistic styling based on an expandable graphics effects library. 3. Layered Map Service for Virtual 3D City Models It generates a map-like representation of virtual 3D city models using an oblique view. It provides high visual quality, fast initial loading times, simple map-based interaction and feature data access. Based on a configurable client framework, mobile and web-based applications for virtual 3D city models can be created easily. 4. Video Service for Virtual 3D City Models It creates and synthesizes videos from virtual 3D city models. Without requiring client-side 3D rendering capabilities, users can create camera paths by a map-based user interface, configure scene contents, styling, image overlays, text overlays, and their transitions. The service significantly reduces the manual effort typically required to produce such videos. The videos can automatically be updated when the underlying data changes. 5. Service-Based Camera Interaction It supports task-based 3D camera interactions, which can be integrated seamlessly into service-based visualization applications. It is demonstrated how to build such web-based interactive applications for virtual 3D city models using this camera service. These contributions provide a framework for design, implementation, and deployment of future web-based applications, systems, and services for virtual 3D city models. The approach shows how to decompose the complex, monolithic functionality of current 3D geovisualization systems into independently designed, implemented, and operated service- oriented units. In that sense, this thesis also contributes to microservice architectures for 3D geovisualization systems—a key challenge of today's IT systems engineering to build scalable IT solutions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Heiden2018, author = {Heiden, Sophia L.}, title = {Water at α-alumina surfaces}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42636}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426366}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {124}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The (0001) surface of α-Al₂O₃ is the most stable surface cut under UHV conditions and was studied by many groups both theoretically and experimentally. Reaction barriers computed with GGA functionals are known to be underestimated. Based on an example reaction at the (0001) surface, this work seeks to improve this rate by applying a hybrid functional method and perturbation theory (LMP2) with an atomic orbital basis, rather than a plane wave basis. In addition to activation barriers, we calculate the stability and vibrational frequencies of water on the surface. Adsorption energies were compared to PW calculations and confirmed PBE+D2/PW stability results. Especially the vibrational frequencies with the B3LYP hybrid functional that have been calculated for the (0001) surface are in good agreement with experimental findings. Concerning the barriers and the reaction rate constant, the expectations are fully met. It could be shown that recalculation of the transition state leads to an increased barrier, and a decreased rate constant when hybrid functionals or LMP2 are applied. Furthermore, the molecular beam scattering of water on (0001) surface was studied. In a previous work by Hass the dissociation was studied by AIMD of molecularly adsorbed water, referring to an equilibrium situation. The experimental method to obtaining this is pinhole dosing. In contrast to this earlier work, the dissociation process of heavy water that is brought onto the surface from a molecular beam source was modeled in this work by periodic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. This experimental method results in a non-equilibrium situation. The calculations with different surface and beam models allow us to understand the results of the non-equilibrium situation better. In contrast to a more equilibrium situation with pinhole dosing, this gives an increase in the dissociation probability, which could be explained and also understood mechanistically by those calculations. In this work good progress was made in understanding the (1120) surface of α-Al₂O₃ in contact with water in the low-coverage regime. This surface cut is the third most stable one under UHV conditions and has not been studied to a great extent yet. After optimization of the clean, defect free surface, the stability of different adsorbed species could be classified. One molecular minimum and several dissociated species could be detected. Starting from these, reaction rates for various surface reactions were evaluated. A dissociation reaction was shown to be very fast because the molecular minimum is relatively unstable, whereas diffusion reactions cover a wider range from fast to slow. In general, the (112‾0) surface appears to be much more reactive against water than the (0001) surface. In addition to reactivity, harmonic vibrational frequencies were determined for comparison with the findings of the experimental "Interfacial Molecular Spectroscopy" group from Fritz-Haber institute in Berlin. Especially the vibrational frequencies of OD species could be assigned to vibrations from experimental SFG spectra with very good agreement. Also, lattice vibrations were studied in close collaboration with the experimental partners. They perform SFG spectra at very low frequencies to get deep into the lattice vibration region. Correspondingly, a bigger slab model with greater expansion perpendicular to the surface was applied, considering more layers in the bulk. Also with the lattice vibrations we could obtain reasonably good agreement in terms of energy differences between the peaks.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schweighoefer2018, author = {Schweigh{\"o}fer, Ellinor}, title = {Vom Neandertal nach Afrika}, series = {Geschichte der Gegenwart ; 17}, journal = {Geschichte der Gegenwart ; 17}, publisher = {Wallstein}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8353-3209-6}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {424}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Spektakul{\"a}re Debatten um bedeutende Fossilienfunde begleiteten die Suche nach unseren Urspr{\"u}ngen. Wer waren die ersten Menschen? Nachdem die Antwort darauf lange mit der Sch{\"o}pfungsgeschichte verbunden war, entflammten ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts neuartige Debatten. Funde menschlicher Fossilien f{\"u}hrten zu Auseinandersetzungen {\"u}ber den Ursprung der Menschheit. Umk{\"a}mpft war nicht nur die Frage, ob die ersten Menschen Deutsche, Engl{\"a}nder, Europ{\"a}er oder Asiaten waren, ob schwarz oder weiß. Es ging um das Wesen des Menschen. Knochen aus dem Neandertal, von Java oder S{\"u}dafrika bilden bis heute eine Projektionsfl{\"a}che f{\"u}r das Verst{\"a}ndnis des menschlichen Selbst. Entsprechend intensiv waren die internationalen wissenschaftlichen und {\"o}ffentlichen Debatten, bis sich in den 1950er Jahren die Idee eines gemeinsamen afrikanischen Ursprungs durchsetzte. Ellinor Schweigh{\"o}fer geht am Beispiel spektakul{\"a}rer Funde der Suche nach dem Ursprung nach. Sie untersucht, welche Zuschreibungen die Funde ausl{\"o}sten und mit welchen Techniken sich wissenschaftliche Fakten etablierten. Es ist eine Wissensgeschichte, bei der viele Stimmen einbezogen werden - Wissenschaftler ebenso wie Massenmedien. So macht die Autorin auch die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Weltanschauung, Politik und Wissenschaft deutlich.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jentzsch2018, author = {Jentzsch, Christian}, title = {Vom Kadetten bis zum Admiral}, series = {Zeitalter der Weltkriege ; 19}, journal = {Zeitalter der Weltkriege ; 19}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-060499-3}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {623}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Royal Navy und die Kaiserliche Marine erlebten seit dem letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts einen grundlegenden Wandel. Pr{\"a}gten anfangs Segelschiffhybride als Hauptkampfmittel die beiden Flotten, dominierten sie Großkampfschiffe vor Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges. Aber auch U-Boote und Seeflugzeuge spielten eine zunehmende Rolle. Vor allem die drastischen technologischen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen wirkten sich auf die Aufgaben, Rekrutierung und Ausbildung der Offiziere aus. Christian Jentzsch untersucht, wie das Seeoffizierkorps der Kaiserlichen Marine und das Executive Officer Corps der Royal Navy auf die Herausforderungen reagierten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hoetzel2018, author = {H{\"o}tzel, David}, title = {Virtuelle W{\"a}hrungen im System des deutschen Steuerrechts}, series = {Steuerrecht im Rechtsstaat ; 1}, journal = {Steuerrecht im Rechtsstaat ; 1}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-72004-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406798603}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {327}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Xiong2018, author = {Xiong, Tao}, title = {Vibrationally resolved absorption, emission, resonance Raman and photoelectron spectra of selected organic molecules, associated radicals and cations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418105}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iv, 100}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Time-dependent correlation function based methods to study optical spectroscopy involving electronic transitions can be traced back to the work of Heller and coworkers. This intuitive methodology can be expected to be computationally efficient and is applied in the current work to study the vibronic absorption, emission, and resonance Raman spectra of selected organic molecules. Besides, the "non-standard" application of this approach to photoionization processes is also explored. The application section consists of four chapters as described below. In Chapter 4, the molar absorptivities and vibronic absorption/emission spectra of perylene and several of its N-substituted derivatives are investigated. By systematically varying the number and position of N atoms, it is shown that the presence of nitrogen heteroatoms has a negligible effect on the molecular structure and geometric distortions upon electronic transitions, while spectral properties are more sensitive: In particular the number of N atoms is important while their position is less decisive. Thus, N-substitution can be used to fine-tune the optical properties of perylene-based molecules. In Chapter 5, the same methods are applied to study the vibronic absorption/emission and resonance Raman spectra of a newly synthesized donor-acceptor type molecule. The simulated absorption/emission spectra agree fairly well with experimental data, with discrepancies being attributed to solvent effects. Possible modes which may dominate the fine-structure in the vibronic spectra are proposed by analyzing the correlation function with the aid of Raman and resonance Raman spectra. In the next two chapters, besides the above types of spectra, the methods are extended to study photoelectron spectra of several small diamondoid-related systems (molecules, radicals, and cations). Comparison of the photoelectron spectra with available experimental data suggests that the correlation function based approach can describe ionization processes reasonably well. Some of these systems, cationic species in particular, exhibit somewhat peculiar optical behavior, which presents them as possible candidates for functional devices. Correlation function based methods in a more general sense can be very versatile. In fact, besides the above radiative processes, formulas for non-radiative processes such as internal conversion have been derived in literature. Further implementation of the available methods is among our next goals.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Stieglmeier2018, author = {Stieglmeier, Henry}, title = {Vertragsarbitrage und internationales Privat- und Zivilverfahrensrecht}, series = {Studien zum vergleichenden Privatrecht / Studies in Comparative Private Law}, journal = {Studien zum vergleichenden Privatrecht / Studies in Comparative Private Law}, number = {1}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-428-15298-8}, issn = {2567-5427}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {255}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Den Inhalt eines Vertrags m{\"u}ssen die Parteien nicht selbst, sie k{\"o}nnen ihn kraft der ihnen zugewiesenen Privatautonomie durch einen Dritten vervollst{\"a}ndigen oder anpassen lassen. Dieser Mechanismus l{\"a}sst sich zu einer alternativen Streitbeilegungsmethode ausbauen, der »Vertragsarbitrage«. Der Begriff Vertragsarbitrage umfasst die in der Praxis weit verbreiteten »Schiedsgutachten« und »Dispute Adjudication Boards«, ist aber umfassender zu verstehen. Die Bezeichnung soll aufzeigen, dass neben der im Prozessrecht geregelten Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit eine im materiellem Recht verwurzelte alternative Streitbeilegungsmethode existiert, die ebenfalls zu verbindlichen Entscheidungen f{\"u}hrt. {\"U}ber die Untersuchung des deutschen Rechts hinaus wird die Ausgestaltung von Vertragsarbitrageverfahren im englischen und franz{\"o}sischem Recht untersucht. Die so nachgewiesenen Unterschiede der Rechtsordnungen f{\"u}hren zu der sodann untersuchten Frage des anwendbaren Rechts.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lehmann2018, author = {Lehmann, Andreas}, title = {Variability in human life history traits}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {110}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kumru2018, author = {Kumru, Baris}, title = {Utilization of graphitic carbon nitride in dispersed media}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42733}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427339}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {III, 190}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Utilization of sunlight for energy harvesting has been foreseen as sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, which would also eliminate side effects arising from fossil fuel consumption such as drastic increase of CO2 in Earth atmosphere. Semiconductor materials can be implemented for energy harvesting, and design of ideal energy harvesting devices relies on effective semiconductor with low recombination rate, ease of processing, stability over long period, non-toxicity and synthesis from abundant sources. Aforementioned criteria have attracted broad interest for graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials, metal-free semiconductor which can be synthesized from low cost and abundant precursors. Furthermore, physical properties such as band gap, surface area and absorption can be tuned. g-CN was investigated as heterogeneous catalyst, with diversified applications from water splitting to CO2 reduction and organic coupling reactions. However, low dispersibility of g-CN in water and organic solvents was an obstacle for future improvements. Tissue engineering aims to mimic natural tissues mechanically and biologically, so that synthetic materials can replace natural ones in future. Hydrogels are crosslinked networks with high water content, therefore are prime candidates for tissue engineering. However, the first requirement is synthesis of hydrogels with mechanical properties that are matching to natural tissues. Among different approaches for reinforcement, nanocomposite reinforcement is highly promising. This thesis aims to investigate aqueous and organic dispersions of g-CN materials. Aqueous g-CN dispersions were utilized for visible light induced hydrogel synthesis, where g-CN acts as reinforcer and photoinitiator. Varieties of methodologies were presented for enhancing g-CN dispersibility, from co-solvent method to prepolymer formation, and it was shown that hydrogels with diversified mechanical properties (from skin-like to cartilage-like) are accessible via g-CN utilization. One pot photografting method was introduced for functionalization of g-CN surface which provides functional groups towards enhanced dispersibility in aqueous and organic media. Grafting vinyl thiazole groups yields stable additive-free organodispersions of g-CN which are electrostatically stabilized with increased photophysical properties. Colloidal stability of organic systems provides transparent g-CN coatings and printing g-CN from commercial inkjet printers. Overall, application of g-CN in dispersed media is highly promising, and variety of materials can be accessible via utilization of g-CN and visible light with simple chemicals and synthetic conditions. g-CN in dispersed media will bridge emerging research areas from tissue engineering to energy harvesting in near future.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Werner2018, author = {Werner, Peter}, title = {Untersuchung stark-streuender Polymersuspensionen mittels optischer Methoden}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVIII, 119, XXXV}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Waizenegger2018, author = {Waizenegger, Julia}, title = {Untersuchung der molekularen Toxizit{\"a}t von Pyrrolizidinalkaloiden in der humanen Hepatomzelllinie HepaRG}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {129, XLI}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Agarwal2018, author = {Agarwal, Ankit}, title = {Unraveling spatio-temporal climatic patterns via multi-scale complex networks}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42395}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423956}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxix, 153}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The climate is a complex dynamical system involving interactions and feedbacks among different processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the climate system, nonetheless, the studies investigating the multiscale characteristics of the climate are scarce. Further, the present set of techniques are limited in their ability to unravel the multi-scale variability of the climate system. It is completely plausible that extreme events and abrupt transitions, which are of great interest to climate community, are resultant of interactions among processes operating at multi-scale. For instance, storms, weather patterns, seasonal irregularities such as El Ni{\~n}o, floods and droughts, and decades-long climate variations can be better understood and even predicted by quantifying their multi-scale dynamics. This makes a strong argument to unravel the interaction and patterns of climatic processes at different scales. With this background, the thesis aims at developing measures to understand and quantify multi-scale interactions within the climate system. In the first part of the thesis, I proposed two new methods, viz, multi-scale event synchronization (MSES) and wavelet multi-scale correlation (WMC) to capture the scale-specific features present in the climatic processes. The proposed methods were tested on various synthetic and real-world time series in order to check their applicability and replicability. The results indicate that both methods (WMC and MSES) are able to capture scale-specific associations that exist between processes at different time scales in a more detailed manner as compared to the traditional single scale counterparts. In the second part of the thesis, the proposed multi-scale similarity measures were used in constructing climate networks to investigate the evolution of spatial connections within climatic processes at multiple timescales. The proposed methods WMC and MSES, together with complex network were applied to two different datasets. In the first application, climate networks based on WMC were constructed for the univariate global sea surface temperature (SST) data to identify and visualize the SSTs patterns that develop very similarly over time and distinguish them from those that have long-range teleconnections to other ocean regions. Further investigations of climate networks on different timescales revealed (i) various high variability and co-variability regions, and (ii) short and long-range teleconnection regions with varying spatial distance. The outcomes of the study not only re-confirmed the existing knowledge on the link between SST patterns like El Ni{\~n}o Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but also suggested new insights into the characteristics and origins of long-range teleconnections. In the second application, I used the developed non-linear MSES similarity measure to quantify the multivariate teleconnections between extreme Indian precipitation and climatic patterns with the highest relevance for Indian sub-continent. The results confirmed significant non-linear influences that were not well captured by the traditional methods. Further, there was a substantial variation in the strength and nature of teleconnection across India, and across time scales. Overall, the results from investigations conducted in the thesis strongly highlight the need for considering the multi-scale aspects in climatic processes, and the proposed methods provide robust framework for quantifying the multi-scale characteristics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Westbury2018, author = {Westbury, Michael V.}, title = {Unraveling evolution through Next Generation Sequencing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409981}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {129}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The sequencing of the human genome in the early 2000s led to an increased interest in cheap and fast sequencing technologies. This interest culminated in the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS). A number of different NGS platforms have arisen since then all promising to do the same thing, i.e. produce large amounts of genetic information for relatively low costs compared to more traditional methods such as Sanger sequencing. The capabilities of NGS meant that researchers were no longer bound to species for which a lot of previous work had already been done (e.g. model organisms and humans) enabling a shift in research towards more novel and diverse species of interest. This capability has greatly benefitted many fields within the biological sciences, one of which being the field of evolutionary biology. Researchers have begun to move away from the study of laboratory model organisms to wild, natural populations and species which has greatly expanded our knowledge of evolution. NGS boasts a number of benefits over more traditional sequencing approaches. The main benefit comes from the capability to generate information for drastically more loci for a fraction of the cost. This is hugely beneficial to the study of wild animals as, even when large numbers of individuals are unobtainable, the amount of data produced still allows for accurate, reliable population and species level results from a small selection of individuals. The use of NGS to study species for which little to no previous research has been carried out on and the production of novel evolutionary information and reference datasets for the greater scientific community were the focuses of this thesis. Two studies in this thesis focused on producing novel mitochondrial genomes from shotgun sequencing data through iterative mapping, bypassing the need for a close relative to serve as a reference sequence. These mitochondrial genomes were then used to infer species level relationships through phylogenetic analyses. The first of these studies involved reconstructing a complete mitochondrial genome of the bat eared fox (Otocyon megalotis). Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial genome confidently placed the bat eared fox as sister to the clade consisting of the raccoon dog and true foxes within the canidae family. The next study also involved reconstructing a mitochondrial genome but in this case from the extinct Macrauchenia of South America. As this study utilised ancient DNA, it involved a lot of parameter testing, quality controls and strict thresholds to obtain a near complete mitochondrial genome devoid of contamination known to plague ancient DNA studies. Phylogenetic analyses confidently placed Macrauchenia as sister to all living representatives of Perissodactyla with a divergence time of ~66 million years ago. The third and final study of this thesis involved de novo assemblies of both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from brown and striped hyena and focussed on demographic, genetic diversity and population genomic analyses within the brown hyena. Previous studies of the brown hyena hinted at very low levels of genomic diversity and, perhaps due to this, were unable to find any notable population structure across its range. By incorporating a large number of genetic loci, in the form of complete nuclear genomes, population structure within the brown hyena was uncovered. On top of this, genomic diversity levels were compared to a number of other species. Results showed the brown hyena to have the lowest genomic diversity out of all species included in the study which was perhaps caused by a continuous and ongoing decline in effective population size that started about one million years ago and dramatically accelerated towards the end of the Pleistocene. The studies within this thesis show the power NGS sequencing has and its utility within evolutionary biology. The most notable capabilities outlined in this thesis involve the study of species for which no reference data is available and in the production of large amounts of data, providing evolutionary answers at the species and population level that data produced using more traditional techniques simply could not.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{RodriguezCubillos2018, author = {Rodriguez Cubillos, Andres Eduardo}, title = {Understanding the impact of heterozygosity on metabolism, growth and hybrid necrosis within a local Arabidopsis thaliana collection site}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416758}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {106}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Plants are unable to move away from unwanted environments and therefore have to locally adapt to changing conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a model organism in plant biology, has been able to rapidly colonize a wide spectrum of environments with different biotic and abiotic challenges. In recent years, natural variation in Arabidopsis has shown to be an excellent resource to study genes underlying adaptive traits and hybridization's impact on natural diversity. Studies on Arabidopsis hybrids have provided information on the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibilities and heterosis, as well as inheritance patterns in hybrids. However, previous studies have focused mainly on global accessions and yet much remains to be known about variation happening within a local growth habitat. In my PhD, I investigated the impact of heterozygosity at a local collection site of Arabidopsis and its role in local adaptation. I focused on two different projects, both including hybrids among Arabidopsis individuals collected around T{\"u}bingen in Southern Germany. The first project sought to understand the impact of hybridization on metabolism and growth within a local Arabidopsis collection site. For this, the inheritance patterns in primary and secondary metabolism, together with rosette size of full diallel crosses among seven parents originating from Southern Germany were analyzed. In comparison to primary metabolites, compounds from secondary metabolism were more variable and showed pronounced non-additive inheritance patterns. In addition, defense metabolites, mainly glucosinolates, displayed the highest degree of variation from the midparent values and were positively correlated with a proxy for plant size. In the second project, the role of ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) in the defense response pathway of Arabidopsis necrotic hybrids was further characterized. Allelic interactions of ACD6 have been previously linked to hybrid necrosis, both among global and local Arabidopsis accessions. Hence, I characterized the early metabolic and ionic changes induced by ACD6, together with marker gene expression assays of physiological responses linked to its activation. An upregulation of simple sugars and metabolites linked to non-enzymatic antioxidants and the TCA cycle were detected, together with putrescine and acids linked to abiotic stress responses. Senescence was found to be induced earlier in necrotic hybrids and cytoplasmic calcium signaling was unaffected in response to temperature. In parallel, GFP-tagged constructs of ACD6 were developed. This work therefore gave novel insights on the role of heterozygosity in natural variation and adaptation and expanded our current knowledge on the physiological and molecular responses associated with ACD6 activation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zhang2018, author = {Zhang, Yunming}, title = {Understanding the functional specialization of poly(A) polymerases in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {131}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ullmann2018, author = {Ullmann, Wiebke}, title = {Understanding animal movement behaviour in dynamic agricultural landscapes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42715}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427153}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 183}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The movement of organisms has formed our planet like few other processes. Movements shape populations, communities, entire ecosystems, and guarantee fundamental ecosystem functions and services, like seed dispersal and pollination. Global, regional and local anthropogenic impacts influence animal movements across ecosystems all around the world. In particular, land-use modification, like habitat loss and fragmentation disrupt movements between habitats with profound consequences, from increased disease transmissions to reduced species richness and abundance. However, neither the influence of anthropogenic change on animal movement processes nor the resulting effects on ecosystems are well understood. Therefore, we need a coherent understanding of organismal movement processes and their underlying mechanisms to predict and prevent altered animal movements and their consequences for ecosystem functions. In this thesis I aim at understanding the influence of anthropogenically caused land-use change on animal movement processes and their underlying mechanisms. In particular, I am interested in the synergistic influence of large-scale landscape structure and fine-scale habitat features on basic-level movement behaviours (e.g. the daily amount of time spend running, foraging, and resting) and their emerging higher-level movements (home range formation). Based on my findings, I identify the likely consequences of altered animal movements that lead to the loss of species richness and abundances. The study system of my thesis are hares in agricultural landscapes. European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) are perfectly suited to study animal movements in agricultural landscapes, as hares are hermerophiles and prefer open habitats. They have historically thrived in agricultural landscapes, but their numbers are in decline. Agricultural areas are undergoing strong land-use changes due to increasing food demand and fast developing agricultural technologies. They are already the largest land-use class, covering 38\% of the world's terrestrial surface. To consider the relevance of a given landscape structure for animal movement behaviour I selected two differently structured agricultural landscapes - a simple landscape in Northern Germany with large fields and few landscape elements (e.g. hedges and tree stands), and a complex landscape in Southern Germany with small fields and many landscape elements. I applied GPS devices (hourly fixes) with internal high-resolution accelerometers (4 min samples) to track hares, receiving an almost continuous observation of the animals' behaviours via acceleration analyses. I used the spatial and behavioural information in combination with remote sensing data (normalized difference vegetation index, or NDVI, a proxy for resource availability), generating an almost complete idea of what the animal was doing when, why and where. Apart from landscape structure (represented by the two differently structured study areas), I specifically tested whether the following fine-scale habitat features influence animal movements: resource, agricultural management events, habitat diversity, and habitat structure. My results show that, irrespective of the movement process or mechanism and the type of fine-scale habitat features, landscape structure was the overarching variable influencing hare movement behaviour. High resource variability forces hares to enlarge their home ranges, but only in the simple and not in the complex landscape. Agricultural management events result in home range shifts in both landscapes, but force hares to increase their home ranges only in the simple landscape. Also the preference of habitat patches with low vegetation and the avoidance of high vegetation, was stronger in the simple landscape. High and dense crop fields restricted hare movements temporarily to very local and small habitat patch remnants. Such insuperable barriers can separate habitat patches that were previously connected by mobile links. Hence, the transport of nutrients and genetic material is temporarily disrupted. This mechanism is also working on a global scale, as human induced changes from habitat loss and fragmentation to expanding monocultures cause a reduction in animal movements worldwide. The mechanisms behind those findings show that higher-level movements, like increasing home ranges, emerge from underlying basic-level movements, like the behavioural modes. An increasing landscape simplicity first acts on the behavioural modes, i.e. hares run and forage more, but have less time to rest. Hence, the emergence of increased home range sizes in simple landscapes is based on an increased proportion of time running and foraging, largely due to longer travelling times between distant habitats and scarce resource items in the landscape. This relationship was especially strong during the reproductive phase, demonstrating the importance of high-quality habitat for reproduction and the need to keep up self-maintenance first, in low quality areas. These changes in movement behaviour may release a cascade of processes that start with more time being allocated to running and foraging, resulting into an increased energy expenditure and may lead to a decline in individual fitness. A decrease in individual fitness and reproductive output will ultimately affect population viability leading to local extinctions. In conclusion, I show that landscape structure has one of the most important effects on hare movement behaviour. Synergistic effects of landscape structure, and fine-scale habitat features, first affect and modify basic-level movement behaviours, that can scales up to altered higher-level movements and may even lead to the decline of species richness and abundances, and the disruption of ecosystem functions. Understanding the connection between movement mechanisms and processes can help to predict and prevent anthropogenically induced changes in movement behaviour. With regard to the paramount importance of landscape structure, I strongly recommend to decrease the size of agricultural fields and increase crop diversity. On the small-scale, conservation policies should assure the year round provision of areas with low vegetation height and high quality forage. This could be done by generating wildflower strips and additional (semi-) natural habitat patches. This will not only help to increase the populations of European brown hares and other farmland species, but also ensure and protects the continuity of mobile links and their intrinsic value for sustaining important ecosystem functions and services.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koc2018, author = {Ko{\c{c}}, Azize}, title = {Ultrafast x-ray studies on the non-equilibrium of the magnetic and phononic system in heavy rare-earths}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42328}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423282}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ii, 117}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In this dissertation the lattice and the magnetic recovery dynamics of the two heavy rare-earth metals Dy and Gd after femtosecond photoexcitation are described. For the investigations, thin films of Dy and Gd were measured at low temperatures in the antiferromagnetic phase of Dy and close to room temperature in the ferromagnetic phase of Gd. Two different optical pump-x-ray probe techniques were employed: Ultrafast x-ray diffraction with hard x-rays (UXRD) yields the structural response of heavy rare-earth metals and resonant soft (elastic) x-ray diffraction (RSXD), which allows measuring directly changes in the helical antiferromagnetic order of Dy. The combination of both techniques enables to study the complex interaction between the magnetic and the phononic subsystems.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sander2018, author = {Sander, Mathias}, title = {Ultrafast tailored strain fields in nanostructures}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417863}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvii, 119}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This publication based thesis, which consists of seven published articles, summarizes my contributions to the research field of laser excited ultrafast structural dynamics. The coherent and incoherent lattice dynamics on microscopic length scales are detected by ultrashort optical and X-ray pulses. The understanding of the complex physical processes is essential for future improvements of technological applications. For this purpose, tabletop soruces and large scale facilities, e.g. synchrotrons, are employed to study structural dynamics of longitudinal acoustic strain waves and heat transport. The investigated effects cover timescales from hundreds of femtoseconds up to several microseconds. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to the investigation of tailored phonon wave packets propagating in perovskite nanostructures. Tailoring is achieved either by laser excitation of nanostructured bilayer samples or by a temporal series of laser pulses. Due to the propagation of longitudinal acoustic phonons, the out-of-plane lattice spacing of a thin film insulator-metal bilayer sample is modulated on an ultrafast timescale. This leads to an ultrafast modulation of the X-ray diffraction efficiency which is employed as a phonon Bragg switch to shorten hard X-ray pulses emitted from a 3rd generation synchrotron. In addition, we have observed nonlinear mixing of high amplitude phonon wave packets which originates from an anharmonic interatomic potential. A chirped optical pulse sequence excites a narrow band phonon wave packet with specific momentum and energy. The second harmonic generation of these phonon wave packets is followed by ultrafast X-ray diffraction. Phonon upconversion takes place because the high amplitude phonon wave packet modulates the acoustic properties of the crystal which leads to self steepening and to the successive generation of higher harmonics of the phonon wave packet. Furthermore, we have demonstrated ultrafast strain in direction parallel to the sample surface. Two consecutive so-called transient grating excitations displaced in space and time are used to coherently control thermal gradients and surface acoustic modes. The amplitude of the coherent and incoherent surface excursion is disentangled by time resolved X-ray reflectivity measurements. We calibrate the absolute amplitude of thermal and acoustic surface excursion with measurements of longitudinal phonon propagation. In addition, we develop a diffraction model which allows for measuring the surface excursion on an absolute length scale with sub-{\"A}angstr{\"o}m precision. Finally, I demonstrate full coherent control of an excited surface deformation by amplifying and suppressing thermal and coherent excitations at the surface of a laser-excited Yttrium-manganite sample.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Aktan2018, author = {Aktan, Oktay}, title = {Turkish football clubs in Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413616}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Es gibt in Berlin eine einzigartige Vereinslandschaft im Amateur - und semiprofessionellen Fußballsport, in der einst von t{\"u}rkischen Migranten gegr{\"u}ndete Vereine einen festen Platz einnehmen. Fußballsport bietet einen sozialen Raum f{\"u}r Jugendliche verschiedener kultureller, ethnischer und religi{\"o}ser Herkunft, in dem Gruppen gebildet werden, um gegen einander zu konkurrieren. Ebenso er{\"o}ffnet Fußball dem Einzelnen die M{\"o}glichkeit, die G{\"u}ltigkeit und Relevanz von Vorurteilen und von g{\"a}ngigen Stereotypisierungen anderer Gruppen im Spielalltag einer st{\"a}ndigen Pr{\"u}fung zu unterziehen. Fußballspieler k{\"o}nnen sich sowohl zwischen multi-kulturellen als auch mono-ethnischen Gruppenkonstellationen, in einigen F{\"a}llen auch in transnationalen Konstellationen bewegen, womit sie dabei wesentlich an der Sinngebung ihrer eigenen sozialen Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit mitwirken, die sich aus dem Spannungsfeld von Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungsmustern ergibt. In Folge dessen werden in diesem Raum Anerkennungsmechanismen konstituiert. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem allt{\"a}glichen Leben von t{\"u}rkisch-st{\"a}mmigen, jugendlichen Amateur- und semiprofessionellen Fußballspielern (delikanli), sowie von anderen sozialen Akteuren der t{\"u}rkischen Fußballwelt, wie zum Beispiel „{\"a}ltere" Fußballspieler (agbi) und Fußballtrainer (hoca). Hauptanliegen der Arbeit war die Rekonstruktion kollektiver Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs - und Handlungsmuster von Mitgliedern t{\"u}rkischer Fußballvereine im allgemeinen und ihrer Selbstdarstellung aber auch ihrer Wahrnehmung der „Anderen" im besonderen. Mittels dieser Studie sollte nachvollzogen werden, ob und inwiefern sich traditionelle soziale Verhaltensmuster der gew{\"a}hlten Gruppe im technisch regulierten und stark Konkurrenz-orientierten Handlungsraum widerspiegeln und die reziproken Beziehungen zwischen dem „Selbst" und den „Anderen" regulieren. Dabei wurde die Relevanz von herkunftsbezogenen Stereotypisierungen und Vorurteilen in der kollektiven Konstitution von Selbstwahrnehmungen und Fremdverstehen im partikularen sozialen Feld (Bourdieu, 2001) des Fußballs rekonstruiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde dar{\"u}ber hinaus beleuchtet, welche Rolle t{\"u}rkische Fußballvereine auf der einen Seite bei der Entstehung sozialer Raumzugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu den Stadtquartieren in Berlin einnehmen und welche Art von Mechanismen der sozialen Integration sie in diesen Vereinen herstellen. Auf der anderen Seite wurde hinterfragt, inwiefern sie zur sozialen Koh{\"a}sion zwischen diversen Kulturen beitragen. Daher wurde gepr{\"u}ft, ob und inwiefern die negativ konnotierte ethnozentrische Wahrnehmung von „Differenz" (Bielefeld, 1998), die als soziales Konstrukt zwischen autochthonen und allochthonen Gruppen hergestellt wird, durch das Engagement der Vereinsakteure einen konstruktiven Wandel erf{\"a}hrt. {\"U}bergeordnetes Ziel all dieser Forschungsfragen war es, ein fundiertes Verst{\"a}ndnis {\"u}ber die Rolle von t{\"u}rkischen Fußballvereinen als soziale Mechanismen zu erlangen und deren Funktionsweise bei der Konstitution von Anpassungsstrategien in diesem sozialen Feld untersuchen. Detailliert wurde diese Rolle unter der Konzeptualisierung von sozialen Positionierungsmuster betrachtet, die als Gef{\"u}ge von Deutungen des Allt{\"a}glichen verstanden werden, das individuelle und kollektive Handlungsmuster und implizit Muster des Fremdverstehens sowie des othering im Migrationskontext reguliert. Eine Rekonstruktion der sozialen Positionierungsmuster bietet eine eingehende soziologische Untersuchung dieser Teilnehmergruppe, die zudem Aufschluss {\"u}ber die Bedeutung und das Verst{\"a}ndnis von ethnischer Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit f{\"u}r letztere gibt. Neben umfangreicher Feldbeobachtung wurden in dieser qualitativen Studie mit Spielern verschiedener Vereine insgesamt zehn Gruppendiskussionen (Bohnsack, 2004) innerhalb ihrer Mannschaften zu gemeinsamen allt{\"a}glichen Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, aufgezeichnet und mittels sozialwissenschaftlichem hermeneutischem Verfahren (Soeffner, 2004) interpretiert. Auch mit anderen Vereinsmitgliedern, d. h. mit Trainern bzw. hoca, Vorsitzenden, Managern und Sponsoren wurden jeweils zehn narrative und sieben biographische Einzelinterviews sowie sieben Experteninterviews durchgef{\"u}hrt. Deren Analyse erlaubt es, die Rolle dieser Mitglieder sowie wirkende Autorit{\"a}tsmechanismen und kollektiv konstituierte Verhaltensmuster innerhalb der gesamten Vereinsgruppe zu rekonstruieren. Dabei wurde bezweckt, die Gesamtheit des sozialen Netzwerkes bzw. die Beziehungsschemata innerhalb der t{\"u}rkischen Fußballvereine Berlins zu verdeutlichen. In der Arbeit werden zwei Standpunkte der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung verwendet. Auf der einen Seite wird die Lebensweltanalyse (Sch{\"u}tz und Luckmann, 1979, 1990) angewendet, um das soziale Erbe der in der Vergangenheit gesellschaftlich konstituierten Titulierung „Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund" zu rekonstruieren, bzw. den Einfluss dieser sozialen Reproduktion auf die Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs- und Handlungsmuster der Akteure zu untersuchen. Auf der anderen Seite wird die soziale Wirkung der tats{\"a}chlichen, allt{\"a}glichen Erfahrungsschemata im sozialen Feld des Fußballs auf die Selbstpositionierungen der Akteure mittels Goffmanscher Rahmenanalyse (Goffman, 1980) herausgearbeitet.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{TroegerMueller2018, author = {Tr{\"o}ger-M{\"u}ller, Steffen}, title = {Truly sustainable imidazolium ionics}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {158}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Zakarias2018, author = {Zakari{\´a}s, Lilla}, title = {Transfer effects after working memory training in post-stroke aphasia}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42360}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423600}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {178}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Individuals with aphasia after stroke (IWA) often present with working memory (WM) deficits. Research investigating the relationship between WM and language abilities has led to the promising hypothesis that treatments of WM could lead to improvements in language, a phenomenon known as transfer. Although recent treatment protocols have been successful in improving WM, the evidence to date is scarce and the extent to which improvements in trained tasks of WM transfer to untrained memory tasks, spoken sentence comprehension, and functional communication is yet poorly understood. Aims: We aimed at (a) investigating whether WM can be improved through an adaptive n-back training in IWA (Study 1-3); (b) testing whether WM training leads to near transfer to unpracticed WM tasks (Study 1-3), and far transfer to spoken sentence comprehension (Study 1-3), functional communication (Study 2-3), and memory in daily life in IWA (Study 2-3); and (c) evaluating the methodological quality of existing WM treatments in IWA (Study 3). To address these goals, we conducted two empirical studies - a case-controls study with Hungarian speaking IWA (Study 1) and a multiple baseline study with German speaking IWA (Study 2) - and a systematic review (Study 3). Methods: In Study 1 and 2 participants with chronic, post-stroke aphasia performed an adaptive, computerized n-back training. 'Adaptivity' was implemented by adjusting the tasks' difficulty level according to the participants' performance, ensuring that they always practiced at an optimal level of difficulty. To assess the specificity of transfer effects and to better understand the underlying mechanisms of transfer on spoken sentence comprehension, we included an outcome measure testing specific syntactic structures that have been proposed to involve WM processes (e.g., non-canonical structures with varying complexity). Results: We detected a mixed pattern of training and transfer effects across individuals: five participants out of six significantly improved in the n-back training. Our most important finding is that all six participants improved significantly in spoken sentence comprehension (i.e., far transfer effects). In addition, we also found far transfer to functional communication (in two participants out of three in Study 2) and everyday memory functioning (in all three participants in Study 2), and near transfer to unpracticed n-back tasks (in four participants out of six). Pooled data analysis of Study 1 and 2 showed a significant negative relationship between initial spoken sentence comprehension and the amount of improvement in this ability, suggesting that the more severe the participants' spoken sentence comprehension deficit was at the beginning of training, the more they improved after training. Taken together, we detected both near far and transfer effects in our studies, but the effects varied across participants. The systematic review evaluating the methodological quality of existing WM treatments in stroke IWA (Study 3) showed poor internal and external validity across the included 17 studies. Poor internal validity was mainly due to use of inappropriate design, lack of randomization of study phases, lack of blinding of participants and/or assessors, and insufficient sampling. Low external validity was mainly related to incomplete information on the setting, lack of use of appropriate analysis or justification for the suitability of the analysis procedure used, and lack of replication across participants and/or behaviors. Results in terms of WM, spoken sentence comprehension, and reading are promising, but further studies with more rigorous methodology and stronger experimental control are needed to determine the beneficial effects of WM intervention. Conclusions: Results of the empirical studies suggest that WM can be improved with a computerized and adaptive WM training, and improvements can lead to transfer effects to spoken sentence comprehension and functional communication in some individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia. The fact that improvements were not specific to certain syntactic structures (i.e., non-canonical complex sentences) in spoken sentence comprehension suggest that WM is not involved in the online, automatic processing of syntactic information (i.e., parsing and interpretation), but plays a more general role in the later stage of spoken sentence comprehension (i.e., post-interpretive comprehension). The individual differences in treatment outcomes call for future research to clarify how far these results are generalizable to the population level of IWA. Future studies are needed to identify a few mechanisms that may generalize to at least a subpopulation of IWA as well as to investigate baseline non-linguistic cognitive and language abilities that may play a role in transfer effects and the maintenance of such effects. These may require larger yet homogenous samples.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bergholz2018, author = {Bergholz, Kolja}, title = {Trait-based understanding of plant species distributions along environmental gradients}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426341}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {128}, year = {2018}, abstract = {For more than two centuries, plant ecologists have aimed to understand how environmental gradients and biotic interactions shape the distribution and co-occurrence of plant species. In recent years, functional trait-based approaches have been increasingly used to predict patterns of species co-occurrence and species distributions along environmental gradients (trait-environment relationships). Functional traits are measurable properties at the individual level that correlate well with important processes. Thus, they allow us to identify general patterns by synthesizing studies across specific taxonomic compositions, thereby fostering our understanding of the underlying processes of species assembly. However, the importance of specific processes have been shown to be highly dependent on the spatial scale under consideration. In particular, it remains uncertain which mechanisms drive species assembly and allow for plant species coexistence at smaller, more local spatial scales. Furthermore, there is still no consensus on how particular environmental gradients affect the trait composition of plant communities. For example, increasing drought because of climate change is predicted to be a main threat to plant diversity, although it remains unclear which traits of species respond to increasing aridity. Similarly, there is conflicting evidence of how soil fertilization affects the traits related to establishment ability (e.g., seed mass). In this cumulative dissertation, I present three empirical trait-based studies that investigate specific research questions in order to improve our understanding of species distributions along environmental gradients. In the first case study, I analyze how annual species assemble at the local scale and how environmental heterogeneity affects different facets of biodiversity—i.e. taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity—at different spatial scales. The study was conducted in a semi-arid environment at the transition zone between desert and Mediterranean ecosystems that features a sharp precipitation gradient (Israel). Different null model analyses revealed strong support for environmentally driven species assembly at the local scale, since species with similar traits tended to co-occur and shared high abundances within microsites (trait convergence). A phylogenetic approach, which assumes that closely related species are functionally more similar to each other than distantly related ones, partly supported these results. However, I observed that species abundances within microsites were, surprisingly, more evenly distributed across the phylogenetic tree than expected (phylogenetic overdispersion). Furthermore, I showed that environmental heterogeneity has a positive effect on diversity, which was higher on functional than on taxonomic diversity and increased with spatial scale. The results of this case study indicate that environmental heterogeneity may act as a stabilizing factor to maintain species diversity at local scales, since it influenced species distribution according to their traits and positively influenced diversity. All results were constant along the precipitation gradient. In the second case study (same study system as case study one), I explore the trait responses of two Mediterranean annuals (Geropogon hybridus and Crupina crupinastrum) along a precipitation gradient that is comparable to the maximum changes in precipitation predicted to occur by the end of this century (i.e., -30\%). The heterocarpic G. hybridus showed strong trends in seed traits, suggesting that dispersal ability increased with aridity. By contrast, the homocarpic C. crupinastrum showed only a decrease in plant height as aridity increased, while leaf traits of both species showed no consistent pattern along the precipitation gradient. Furthermore, variance decomposition of traits revealed that most of the trait variation observed in the study system was actually found within populations. I conclude that trait responses towards aridity are highly species-specific and that the amount of precipitation is not the most striking environmental factor at this particular scale. In the third case study, I assess how soil fertilization mediates—directly by increased nutrient addition and indirectly by increased competition—the effect of seed mass on establishment ability. For this experiment, I used 22 species differing in seed mass from dry grasslands in northeastern Germany and analyzed the interacting effects of seed mass with nutrient availability and competition on four key components of seedling establishment: seedling emergence, time of seedling emergence, seedling survival, and seedling growth. (Time of) seedling emergence was not affected by seed mass. However, I observed that the positive effect of seed mass on seedling survival is lowered under conditions of high nutrient availability, whereas the positive effect of seed mass on seedling growth was only reduced by competition. Based on these findings, I developed a conceptual model of how seed mass should change along a soil fertility gradient in order to reconcile conflicting findings from the literature. In this model, seed mass shows a U-shaped pattern along the soil fertility gradient as a result of changing nutrient availability and competition. Overall, the three case studies highlight the role of environmental factors on species distribution and co-occurrence. Moreover, the findings of this thesis indicate that spatial heterogeneity at local scales may act as a stabilizing factor that allows species with different traits to coexist. In the concluding discussion, I critically debate intraspecific trait variability in plant community ecology, the use of phylogenetic relationships and easily measured key functional traits as a proxy for species' niches. Finally, I offer my outlook for the future of functional plant community research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lee2018, author = {Lee, Hui-Chun}, title = {Toward ultimate control of polymerization and catalytic property}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414973}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, iii, 150}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is without any doubt one of the most prevalent and powerful strategies for polymer synthesis, by which well-defined living polymers with targeted molecular weight (MW), low molar dispersity (Ɖ) and diverse morphologies can be prepared in a controlled fashion. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) as one of the most extensive studied types of RDRP has been particularly emphasized due to the high accessibility to hybrid materials, multifunctional copolymers and diverse end group functionalities via commercially available precursors. However, due to catalyst-induced side reactions and chain-chain coupling termination in bulk environment, synthesis of high MW polymers with uniform chain length (low Ɖ) and highly-preserved chain-end fidelity is usually challenging. Besides, owing to the inherited radical nature, the control of microstructure, namely tacticity control, is another laborious task. Considering the applied catalysts, the utilization of large amounts of non-reusable transition metal ions which lead to cumbersome purification process, product contamination and complicated reaction procedures all delimit the scope ATRP techniques. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging type of porous materials combing the properties of both organic polymers and inorganic crystals, characterized with well-defined crystalline framework, high specific surface area, tunable porous structure and versatile nanochannel functionalities. These promising properties of MOFs have thoroughly revolutionized academic research and applications in tremendous aspects, including gas processing, sensing, photoluminescence, catalysis and compartmentalized polymerization. Through functionalization, the microenvironment of MOF nanochannel can be precisely devised and tailored with specified functional groups for individual host-guest interactions. Furthermore, properties of high transition metal density, accessible catalytic sites and crystalline particles all indicate MOFs as prominent heterogeneous catalysts which open a new avenue towards unprecedented catalytic performance. Although beneficial properties in catalysis, high agglomeration and poor dispersibility restrain the potential catalytic capacity to certain degree. Due to thriving development of MOF sciences, fundamental polymer science is undergoing a significant transformation, and the advanced polymerization strategy can eventually refine the intrinsic drawbacks of MOF solids reversely. Therefore, in the present thesis, a combination of low-dimensional polymers with crystalline MOFs is demonstrated as a robust and comprehensive approach to gain the bilateral advantages from polymers (flexibility, dispersibility) and MOFs (stability, crystallinity). The utilization of MOFs for in-situ polymerizations and catalytic purposes can be realized to synthesize intriguing polymers in a facile and universal process to expand the applicability of conventional ATRP methodology. On the other hand, through the formation of MOF/polymer composites by surface functionalization, the MOF particles with environment-adjustable dispersibility and high catalytic property can be as-prepared. In the present thesis, an approach via combination of confined porous textures from MOFs and controlled radical polymerization is proposed to advance synthetic polymer chemistry. Zn2(bdc)2(dabco) (Znbdc) and the initiator-functionalized Zn MOFs, ZnBrbdc, are utilized as a reaction environment for in-situ polymerization of various size-dependent methacrylate monomers (i.e. methyl, ethyl, benzyl and isobornyl methacrylate) through (surface-initiated) activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET/SI-ARGET) ATRP, resulting in polymers with control over dispersity, end functionalities and tacticity with respect to distinct molecular size. While the functionalized MOFs are applied, due to the strengthened compartmentalization effect, the accommodated polymers with molecular weight up to 392,000 can be achieved. Moreover, a significant improvement in end-group fidelity and stereocontrol can be observed. The results highlight a combination of MOFs and ATRP is a promising and universal methodology to synthesize versatile well-defined polymers with high molecular weight, increment in isotactic trial and the preserved chain-end functionality. More than being a host only, MOFs can act as heterogeneous catalysts for metal-catalyzed polymerizations. A Cu(II)-based MOF, Cu2(bdc)2(dabco), is demonstrated as a heterogeneous, universal catalyst for both thermal or visible light-triggered ARGET ATRP with expanded monomer range. The accessible catalytic metal sites enable the Cu(II) MOF to polymerize various monomers, including benzyl methacrylate (BzMA), styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in the fashion of ARGET ATRP. Furthermore, due to the robust frameworks, surpassing the conventional homogeneous catalyst, the Cu(II) MOF can tolerate strongly coordinating monomers and polymerize challenging monomers (i.e. 4-vinyl pyridine, 2-vinyl pyridine and isoprene), in a well-controlled fashion. Therefore, a synthetic procedure can be significantly simplified, and catalyst-resulted chelation can be avoided as well. Like other heterogeneous catalysts, the Cu(II) MOF catalytic complexes can be easily collected by centrifugation and recycled for an arbitrary amount of times. The Cu(II) MOF, composed of photostimulable metal sites, is further used to catalyze controlled photopolymerization under visible light and requires no external photoinitiator, dye sensitizer or ligand. A simple light trigger allows the photoreduction of Cu(II) to the active Cu(I) state, enabling controlled polymerization in the form of ARGET ATRP. More than polymerization application, the synergic effect between MOF frameworks and incorporated nucleophilic monomers/molecules is also observed, where the formation of associating complexes is able to adjust the photochemical and electrochemical properties of the Cu(II) MOF, altering the band gap and light harvesting behavior. Owing to the tunable photoabsorption property resulting from the coordinating guests, photoinduced Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (PRDRP) can be achieved to further simplify and fasten the polymerization. More than the adjustable photoabsorption ability, the synergistic strategy via a combination of controlled/living polymerization technique and crystalline MOFs can be again evidenced as demonstrated in the MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts with enhanced dispersibility in solution. Through introducing hollow pollen pivots with surface immobilized environment-responsive polymer, PDMAEMA, highly dispersed MOF nanocrystals can be prepared after associating on polymer brushes via the intrinsic amine functionality in each DMAEMA monomer. Intriguingly, the pollen-PDMAEMA composite can serve as a "smart" anchor to trap nanoMOF particles with improved dispersibility, and thus to significantly enhance liquid-phase photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the catalytic activity can be switched on and off via stimulable coil-to-globule transition of the PDMAEMA chains exposing or burying MOF catalytic sites, respectively.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Heucher2018, author = {Heucher, Angela}, title = {Through IOs' Eyes}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {323}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Is global governance characterized by overlap and fragmentation, or by coordination and harmonization? There are two rather different narratives about the worlds in which international organizations (IOs) live. One way or another, IOs are part of a broader environment and engage in relations with other actors in it. Rather than being detached from their environment, IOs are shaped by and respond to developments taking place within it (e.g., overlap). Thus, the general research interest of this dissertation lies in organizational responses to such environmental developments. Therein, the emphasis is placed on IO positionality, meaning the position of an IO within a "web" of interorganizational relations, or, more precisely, an IO's position within an organizational field as a specification of the IO environment. Against this background, the dissertation poses the following research question: How does an IO's position within an organizational field shape its responses to developments of the field? In that, three subquestions are advanced: Which position does an IO occupy within the organizational field? How does an IO perceive the organizational field? How does an IO respond to developments and features of the field? Theoretically, the dissertation combines an open system perspective on IOs with two variants of field theory inspired by Bourdieu and by DiMaggio and Powell. Building on the central concept of the organizational field, the dissertation understands IOs as actors with agency. Empirically, the dissertation consists of a qualitative, comparative study and analyzes two IOs located within the organizational field of global food security governance. I select IOs that occupy different positions within the field of food security governance, namely an IO at the core of the field (the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, or FAO) and an IO at the periphery of the field (the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, or UNIDO). I compare and analyze their respective perceptions of the field of food security governance, including their own role and their understandings of food security, and their responses over time. To investigate these IOs' perceptions and responses over time, the method of choice consists of a qualitative content analysis of a wide range of organizational documents (e.g., governing bodies' reports). The main argument this dissertation advances is as follows: The position that an IO occupies within an organizational field influences how the organization perceives its environment—in particular, features of and developments within this environment. Against this background, the main findings of this dissertation are as follows: Overall, FAO and UNIDO both perceive proliferation, overlap, and duplication as relevant developments of the organizational field of global food security governance over time. While both IOs see developments in the field of food security governance (e.g., overlap and duplication) as problematic given their detrimental effects for food security governance, FAO and UNIDO differ in decisive regards. Whereas FAO holds a narrative that other actors were responsible for this state of affairs, and thus responsible for reducing or even eliminating overlap and duplication, UNIDO perceives these developments differently. UNIDO acknowledges its own role in the development of overlap and duplication, and therefore also sees a role for itself in addressing these developments. The two IOs thus differ in what they understand to be the causes and historical priors of field-specific developments. Furthermore, while both FAO and UNIDO attempt to demonstrate that they are constructive players within the UN development system, the two IOs differ in their responses: While FAO engages in balancing by voicing its commitment to UN processes and to coordination, yet early on making different reservations, UNIDO, in contrast, engages in UN processes without similar reservations. Accordingly, the two IOs also differ on the responses they employ to field-level harmonization demands. The dissertation makes several contributions. Theoretically, I contribute an innovative argument on the influence of perceptions for organizational responses to developments in the IOs' environment. This argument may help us to better understand how IOs as actors embedded within an organizational field deal with changes evolving within these fields. Empirically, I scrutinize developments in food security governance, such as proliferation and overlap, through the eyes of IOs in the field. While proliferation, overlap, and duplication are often referred to in academic debates on food security governance, we do not yet actually understand these phenomena very well. To this, I contribute a study that analyzes IO perceptions of these developments in the field, thus resulting in a more in-depth and nuanced picture of how IOs perceive these developments as a central type of actor in food security governance. Next, to this emphasis on the IO perspective, I also inductively develop a spectrum of IO responses to field developments, ranging from expanding scope to defending turf. Finally, I also make a methodological-conceptual contribution: While concepts such as "position" are well-known, they are sometimes drawn on without developing a clear foundation of how to assess different positions. I thus add an approach for bringing this concept of position to life by developing a range of criteria that can be used to approximate an IO's position within an organizational field, depending on different types of capital.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weiss2018, author = {Weiß, Katharina}, title = {Three Essays on EFRAG}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415355}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {II, 180}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This cumulative doctoral thesis consists of three papers that deal with the role of one specific European accounting player in the international accounting standard-setting, namely the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). The first paper examines whether and how EFRAG generally fulfills its role in articulating Europe's interests toward the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The qualitative data from the conducted interviews reveal that EFRAG influences the IASB's decision making at a very early stage, long before other constituents are officially asked to comment on the IASB's proposals. The second paper uses quantitative data and investigates the formal participation behavior of European constituents that seek to determine EFRAG's voice. More precisely, this paper analyzes the nature of the constituents' participation in EFRAG's due process in terms of representation (constituent groups and geographical distribution) and the drivers of their participation behavior. EFRAG's official decision making process is dominated by some specific constituent groups (such as preparers and the accounting profession) and by constituents from some specific countries (e.g. those with effective enforcement regimes). The third paper investigates in a first step who of the European constituents choose which lobbying channel (participation only at IASB, only at EFRAG, or at both institutions) and unveils in a second step possible reasons for their lobbying choices. The paper comprises quantitative and qualitative data. It reveals that English skills, time issues, the size of the constituent, and the country of origin are factors that can explain why the majority participates only in the IASB's due process.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nizardo2018, author = {Nizardo, Noverra Mardhatillah}, title = {Thermoresponsive block copolymers with UCST-behavior aimed at biomedical environments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412217}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 134}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Thermoresponsive block copolymers of presumably highly biocompatible character exhibiting upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type phase behavior were developed. In particular, these polymers were designed to exhibit UCST-type cloud points (Tcp) in physiological saline solution (9 g/L) within the physiologically interesting window of 30-50°C. Further, their use as carrier for controlled release purposes was explored. Polyzwitterion-based block copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via a macroinitiator approach with varied molar masses and co-monomer contents. These block copolymers can self-assemble in the amphiphilic state to form micelles, when the thermoresponsive block experiences a coil-to-globule transition upon cooling. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) was used as the permanently hydrophilic block to stabilize the colloids formed, and polyzwitterions as the thermoresponsive block to promote the temperature-triggered assembly-disassembly of the micellear aggregates at low temperature. Three zwitterionic monomers were used for this studies, namely 3-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (SPE), 4-((2-(methacryloyl- oxy)ethyl)dimethylammonio)butane-1-sulfonate (SBE), and 3-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)- dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfate) (ZPE). Their (co)polymers were characterized with respect to their molecular structure by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Their phase behaviors in pure water as well as in physiological saline were studied by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). These (co)polymers are thermoresponsive with UCST-type phase behavior in aqueous solution. Their phase transition temperatures depend strongly on the molar masses and the incorporation of co-monomers: phase transition temperatures increased with increasing molar masses and content of poorly water-soluble co-monomer. In addition, the presence of salt influenced the phase transition dramatically. The phase transition temperature decreased with increasing salt content in the solution. While the PSPE homopolymers show a phase transition only in pure water, the PZPE homopolymers are able to exhibit a phase transition only in high salinity, as in physiological saline. Although both polyzwitterions have similar chemical structures that differ only in the anionic group (sulfonate group in SPE and sulfate group in ZPE), the water solubility is very different. Therefore, the phase transition temperatures of targeted block copolymers were modulated by using statistical copolymer of SPE and ZPE as thermoresponsive block, and varying the ratio of SPE to ZPE. Indeed, the statistical copolymers of P(SPE-co-ZPE) show phase transitions both in pure water as well as in physiological saline. Surprisingly, it was found that mPEG-b-PSBE block copolymer can display "schizophrenic" behavior in pure water, with the UCST-type cloud point occurring at lower temperature than the LCST-type one. The block copolymer, which satisfied best the boundary conditions, is block copolymer mPEG114-b-P(SPE43-co-ZPE39) with a cloud point of 45°C in physiological saline. Therefore, it was chosen for solubilization studies of several solvatochromic dyes as models of active agents, using the thermoresponsive block copolymer as "smart" carrier. The uptake and release of the dyes were explored by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, following the shift of the wavelength of the absorbance or emission maxima at low and high temperature. These are representative for the loaded and released state, respectively. However, no UCST-transition triggered uptake and release of these dyes could be observed. Possibly, the poor affinity of the polybetaines to the dyes in aqueous environtments may be related to the widely reported antifouling properties of zwitterionic polymers.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Remuss2018, author = {Remuß, Nina-Louisa}, title = {Theorising Institutional Change}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {231}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Garcia2018, author = {Garcia, Rowena}, title = {Thematic role assignment and word order preferences in the child language acquisition of Tagalog}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421742}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvii, 201}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A critical task in daily communications is identifying who did what to whom in an utterance, or assigning the thematic roles agent and patient in a sentence. This dissertation is concerned with Tagalog-speaking children's use of word order and morphosyntactic markers for thematic role assignment. It aims to explain children's difficulties in interpreting sentences with a non-canonical order of arguments (i.e., patient-before-agent) by testing the predictions of the following accounts: the frequency account (Demuth, 1989), the Competition model (MacWhinney \& Bates, 1989), and the incremental processing account (Trueswell \& Gleitman, 2004). Moreover, the experiments in this dissertation test the influence of a word order strategy in a language like Tagalog, where the thematic roles are always unambiguous in a sentence, due to its verb-initial order and its voice-marking system. In Tagalog's voice-marking system, the inflection on the verb indicates the thematic role of the noun marked by 'ang.' First, the possible basis for a word order strategy in Tagalog was established using a sentence completion experiment given to adults and 5- and 7-year-old children (Chapter 2) and a child-directed speech corpus analysis (Chapter 3). In general, adults and children showed an agent-before-patient preference, although adults' preference was also affected by sentence voice. Children's comprehension was then examined through a self-paced listening and picture verification task (Chapter 3) and an eye-tracking and picture selection task (Chapter 4), where word order (agent-initial or patient-initial) and voice (agent voice or patient voice) were manipulated. Offline (i.e., accuracy) and online (i.e., listening times, looks to the target) measures revealed that 5- and 7-year-old Tagalog-speaking children had a bias to interpret the first noun as the agent. Additionally, the use of word order and morphosyntactic markers was found to be modulated by voice. In the agent voice, children relied more on a word order strategy; while in the patient voice, they relied on the morphosyntactic markers. These results are only partially explained by the accounts being tested in this dissertation. Instead, the findings support computational accounts of incremental word prediction and learning such as Chang, Dell, \& Bock's (2006) model.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zuba2018, author = {Zuba, Anna}, title = {The role of weight stigma and weight bias internalization in psychological functioning among school-aged children}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {146}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Paganini2018, author = {Paganini, Claudio Francesco}, title = {The role of trapping in black hole spacetimes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414686}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 138}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In the here presented work we discuss a series of results that are all in one way or another connected to the phenomenon of trapping in black hole spacetimes. First we present a comprehensive review of the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de-Sitter family of black hole spacetimes and their most important properties. From there we go into a detailed analysis of the bahaviour of null geodesics in the exterior region of a sub-extremal Kerr spacetime. We show that most well known fundamental properties of null geodesics can be represented in one plot. In particular, one can see immediately that the ergoregion and trapping are separated in phase space. We then consider the sets of future/past trapped null geodesics in the exterior region of a sub-extremal Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT spacetime. We show that from the point of view of any timelike observer outside of such a black hole, trapping can be understood as two smooth sets of spacelike directions on the celestial sphere of the observer. Therefore the topological structure of the trapped set on the celestial sphere of any observer is identical to that in Schwarzschild. We discuss how this is relevant to the black hole stability problem. In a further development of these observations we introduce the notion of what it means for the shadow of two observers to be degenerate. We show that, away from the axis of symmetry, no continuous degeneration exists between the shadows of observers at any point in the exterior region of any Kerr-Newman black hole spacetime of unit mass. Therefore, except possibly for discrete changes, an observer can, by measuring the black holes shadow, determine the angular momentum and the charge of the black hole under observation, as well as the observer's radial position and angle of elevation above the equatorial plane. Furthermore, his/her relative velocity compared to a standard observer can also be measured. On the other hand, the black hole shadow does not allow for a full parameter resolution in the case of a Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole, as a continuous degeneration relating specific angular momentum, electric charge, NUT charge and elevation angle exists in this case. We then use the celestial sphere to show that trapping is a generic feature of any black hole spacetime. In the last chapter we then prove a generalization of the mode stability result of Whiting (1989) for the Teukolsky equation for the case of real frequencies. The main result of the last chapter states that a separated solution of the Teukolsky equation governing massless test fields on the Kerr spacetime, which is purely outgoing at infinity, and purely ingoing at the horizon, must vanish. This has the consequence, that for real frequencies, there are linearly independent fundamental solutions of the radial Teukolsky equation which are purely ingoing at the horizon, and purely outgoing at infinity, respectively. This fact yields a representation formula for solutions of the inhomogenous Teukolsky equation, and was recently used by Shlapentokh-Rothman (2015) for the scalar wave equation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Radloff2018, author = {Radloff, Katrin}, title = {The role of the fatty acid profile and its modulation by cytokines in the systemic inflammation in cancer cachexia}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {156}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Systemic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia. Among tumor-host interactions, the white adipose tissue (WAT) is an important contributor to inflammation as it suffers morphological reorganization and lipolysis, releasing free fatty acids (FA), bioactive lipid mediators (LM) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which accentuate the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and the recruitment of immune cells to the tissue. This project aimed to investigate which inflammatory factors are involved in the local adipose tissue inflammation and what is the influence of such factors upon enzymes involved in FA or LM metabolism in healthy individuals (Control), weight stable gastro-intestinal cancer patients (WSC) and cachectic cancer patients (CC). The results demonstrated that the inflammatory signature of systemic inflammation is different from local adipose tissue inflammation. The systemic inflammation of the cachectic cancer patients was characterized by higher levels of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA), tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins IL-6, IL-8 and CRP while levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n3-PUFAs, were lower in CC than in the other groups. In vitro and in adipose tissue explants, pro-inflammatory cytokines and SFAs were shown to increase the chemokines IL-8 and CXCL10 that were found to be augmented in adipose tissue inflammation in CC which was more profound in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Systemic inflammation was negatively associated with the expression of PUFA synthesizing enzymes, though gene and protein expression did hardly differ between groups. The effects of inflammatory factors on enzymes in the whole tissue could have been masked by differentiated modulation of the diverse cell types in the same tissue. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of FA-modifying enzymes such as desaturases and elongases in adipocytes and macrophages was regulated into opposing directions by TNF-α, IL-6, LPS or palmitate. The higher plasma concentration of the pro-resolving LM resolvin D1 in CC cannot compensate the overall inflammatory status and the results indicate that inflammatory cytokines interfere with synthesis pathways of pro-resolving LM. In summary, the data revealed a complex inter-tissue and inter-cellular crosstalk mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid compounds enhancing inflammation in cancer cachexia by feed-forward mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Radloff2018, author = {Radloff, Katrin}, title = {The role of the fatty acid profile and its modulation by cytokines in the systemic inflammation in cancer cachexia}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {156}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ring2018, author = {Ring, Christiane}, title = {The role of the commensal gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in acute and chronic intestinal inflammation}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Microbiota analyses of patients suffering from various diseases suggest a beneficial role of Akkermansia muciniphila in the maintenance of health, whereas several studies in animal models of intestinal inflammation report that this organism may aggravate inflammation. Therefore, it is important to clarify under which circumstances A. muciniphila exerts negative effects in the intestine of its host. The previously reported observation that A. muciniphila aggravates acute intestinal inflammation in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection mouse model colonized with a simplified human intestinal microbiota was investigated in this study. To unravel the underlying mechanism that led to the observed phenomenon, the time course of events following the infection was analyzed. In mice colonized with a simplified human intestinal microbiota, Salmonella infection induced clear signs of intestinal inflammation three days post infection. The inflammatory response was similar in mice colonized with A. muciniphila before Salmonella infection. These observations were independent of the time when colonization with the simplified human intestinal microbiota occurred, right after birth or only after weaning, and contradict the previous report. To find out whether A. muciniphila influences the development of chronic intestinal inflammation in a genetically predisposed host, mono-associated interleukin-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice, Il10-/- mice dual-associated with A. muciniphila and colitogenic Escherichia coli NC101, as well as Il10-/- mice associated with A. muciniphila and a simplified human intestinal microbiota were compared to the respective mice without A. muciniphila. The data clearly show that in these gnotobiotic Il10-/- mice, A. muciniphila neither induces intestinal inflammation itself nor modulates it after induction by a colitogenic bacterium or by a simplified human intestinal microbiota. The experiments lead to the conclusion that the promotion of intestinal inflammation is not an intrinsic feature of this bacterium. The results of this study encourage the proposed use of A. muciniphila for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pham2018, author = {Pham, Phuong Anh}, title = {The metabolic significance of the NAD+ salvage pathway and the alternative pathway of respiration in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {186}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Eskelson2018, author = {Eskelson, Daniela}, title = {The market of sustainable and responsible investment}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {412, IXXiii}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Reese2018, author = {Reese, Ronja}, title = {The far reach of ice-shelf thinning in Antarctica}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {227}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jovanovic2018, author = {Jovanovic, Nenad}, title = {The comprehension of the passive voice by different populations and the effects of structural priming on this process}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47590}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475900}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 164}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This thesis investigates the comprehension of the passive voice in three distinct populations. First, the comprehension of passives by adult German speakers was studied, followed by an examination of how German-speaking children comprehend the structure. Finally, bilingual Mandarin-English speakers were tested on their comprehension of the passive voice in English, which is their L2. An integral part of testing the comprehension in all three populations is the use of structural priming. In each of the three distinct parts of the research, structural priming was used for a specific reason. In the study involving adult German speakers, productive and receptive structural priming was directly compared. The goal was to see the effect the two priming modalities have on language comprehension. In the study on German-acquiring children, structural priming was an important tool in answering the question regarding the delayed acquisition of the passive voice. Finally, in the study on the bilingual population, cross-linguistic priming was used to investigate the importance of word order in the priming effect, since Mandarin and English have different word orders in passive voice sentences.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schroeer2018, author = {Schr{\"o}er, Marie}, title = {Terrain de je}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {347}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Biewener2018, author = {Biewener, Ann-Kathrin}, title = {S{\"a}kularisierung im Heiligen Land?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42491}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424916}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {241}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Von einer S{\"a}kularisierung in einem Land wie Israel zu sprechen, wo die Religion offensichtlich einen wichtigen Teil des {\"o}ffentlichen Lebens darstellt, scheint widerspr{\"u}chlich zu sein. Doch Israel befindet sich bedingt durch Globalisierung, Pluralisierung und Modernisierung an einem Scheideweg. Teile der israelischen Gesellschaft s{\"a}kularisieren sich bereits. Die religi{\"o}se orthodoxe Vorherrschaft scheint zu br{\"o}ckeln. Kann jedoch deswegen von einem Mentalit{\"a}tswandel oder einer S{\"a}kularisierung des Staates gesprochen werden? Kann ein S{\"a}kularisierungsprozess in Israel erfolgreich sein? Wie muss ein s{\"a}kularer Staat beschaffen sein, um den unterschiedlichen religi{\"o}sen Denominationen die gleichen M{\"o}glichkeiten zu bieten? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die j{\"u}dische Diaspora, Einwanderungen und gesellschaftliche Minderheiten? Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es diese Fragen zu er{\"o}rtern. Auch wenn die enge Verkn{\"u}pfung von Nation und Religion im Judentum eine S{\"a}kularisierung scheinbar unm{\"o}glich macht, so erlaubt unter Bezugnahme der Konzepte von S{\"a}kularismus und Nationalismus im Kontext der historischen Entwicklungen des Judentums eine differenziertere Betrachtung dieser Verkn{\"u}pfung. Durch die Nutzung von unterschiedlichen qualitativen Methoden, wie der hermeneutischen Methode zur Betrachtung der verschiedenen theoretischen Begriffe und der Analyse des Verh{\"a}ltnisses von Nation und Religion im Judentum; der Nutzung von Zeitungsartikel zur Aufarbeitung der aktuellen Debatten in der israelischen Gesellschaft; der Auswertung von Statistiken; sowie der Durchf{\"u}hrung von Experteninterviews erlauben einen vielseitigen Zugang zum Forschungsgegenstand. Letztendlich soll aufgezeigt werden, dass sich Israel zwar zunehmend s{\"a}kularisiert, aber vor verschiedenen Herausforderungen, wie dem gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus, der instabilen Sicherheitslage, sowie einem zunehmenden religi{\"o}sen Nationalismus steht.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Tan2018, author = {Tan, Li}, title = {Synthesis, assembly and thermo-responsivity of polymer-functionalized magnetic cobalt nanoparticles}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418153}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 111}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This thesis mainly covers the synthesis, surface modification, magnetic-field-induced assembly and thermo-responsive functionalization of superparamagnetic Co NPs initially stabilized by hydrophobic small molecules oleic acid (OA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), as well as the synthesis of both superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic Co NPs by using end-functionalized-polystyrene as stabilizer. Co NPs, due to their excellent magnetic and catalytic properties, have great potential application in various fields, such as ferrofluids, catalysis, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Superparamagnetic Co NPs are especially interesting, since they exhibit zero coercivity. They get magnetized in an external magnetic field and reach their saturation magnetization rapidly, but no magnetic moment remains after removal of the applied magnetic field. Therefore, they do not agglomerate in the body when they are used in biomedical applications. Normally, decomposition of metallic precursors at high temperature is one of the most important methods in preparation of monodisperse magnetic NPs, providing tunability in size and shape. Hydrophobic ligands like OA, TOPO and oleylamine are often used to both control the growth of NPs and protect them from agglomeration. The as-prepared magnetic NPs can be used in biological applications as long as they are transferred into water. Moreover, their supercrystal assemblies have the potential for high density data storage and electronic devices. In addition to small molecules, polymers can also be used as surfactants for the synthesis of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic NPs by changing the reaction conditions. Therefore, chapter 2 gives an overview on the basic concept of synthesis, surface modification and self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. Various examples were used to illustrate the recent work. The hydrophobic Co NPs synthesized with small molecules as surfactants limit their biological applications, which require a hydrophilic or aqueous environment. Surface modification (e.g., ligand exchange) is a general idea for either phase transition or surface-functionalization. Therefore, in chapter 3, a ligand exchange process was conducted to functionalize the surface of Co NPs. PNIPAM is one of the most popular smart polymers and its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is around 32 °C, with a reversible change in the conformation structure between hydrophobic and hydrophilic. The novel nanocomposites of superparamagnetic Co NPs and thermo-responsive PNIPAM are of great interest. Thus, well-defined superparamagnetic Co NPs were firstly synthesized through the thermolysis of cobalt carbonyl by using OA and TOPO as surfactants. A functional ATRP initiator, containing an amine (as anchoring group) and a 2-bromopropionate group (SI-ATRP initiator), was used to replace the original ligands. This process is rapid and facial for efficient surface functionalization and afterwards the Co NPs can be dispersed into polar solvent DMF without aggregation. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the TOPO was completely replaced, but a small amount of OA remained on the surface. A TGA measurement allowed the calculation of the grafting density of the initiator as around 3.2 initiator/nm2. Then, the surface-initiated ATRP was conducted for the polymerization of NIPAM on the surface of Co NPs and rendered the nanocomposites water-dispersible. A temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering study showed the aggregation behavior of PNIPAM-coated Co NPs upon heating and this process was proven to be reversible. The combination of superparamagnetic and thermo-responsive properties in these hybrid nanoparticles is promising for future applications e.g. in biomedicine. In chapter 4, the magnetic-field-induced assembly of superparamagnetic cobalt nanoparticles both on solid substrates and at liquid-air interface was investigated. OA- and TOPO-coated Co NPs were synthesized via the thermolysis of cobalt carbonyl and dispersed into either hexane or toluene. The Co NP dispersion was dropped onto substrates (e.g., TEM grid, silicon wafer) and at liquid-air (water-air or ethylene glycol-air) interface. Due to the attractive dipolar interaction, 1-D chains formed in the presence of an external magnetic field. It is known that the concentration and the strength of the magnetic field can affect the assembly behavior of superparamagnetic Co NPs. Therefore, the influence of these two parameters on the morphology of the assemblies was studied. The formed 1-D chains were shorter and flexible at either lower concentration of the Co NP dispersion or lower strength of the external magnetic field due to thermal fluctuation. However, by increasing either the concentration of the NP dispersion or the strength of the applied magnetic field, these chains became longer, thicker and straighter. The reason could be that a high concentration led to a high fraction of short dipolar chains, and their interaction resulted in longer and thicker chains under applied magnetic field. On the other hand, when the magnetic field increased, the induced moments of the magnetic nanoparticles became larger, which dominated over the thermal fluctuation. Thus, the formed short chains connected to each other and grew in length. Thicker chains were also observed through chain-chain interaction. Furthermore, the induced moments of the NPs tended to direct into one direction with increased magnetic field, thus the chains were straighter. In comparison between the assembly on substrates, at water-air interface and at ethylene glycol-air interface, the assembly of Co NPs in hexane dispersion at ethylene glycol-air interface showed the most regular and homogeneous chain structures due to the better spreading of the dispersion on ethylene glycol subphase than on water subphase and substrates. The magnetic-field-induced assembly of superparamagnetic nanoparticles could provide a powerful approach for applications in data storage and electronic devices. Chapter 5 presented the synthesis of superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles through a dual-stage thermolysis of cobalt carbonyl (Co2(CO)8) by using polystyrene as surfactant. The amine end-functionalized polystyrene surfactants with different molecular weight were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The molecular weight determination of polystyrene was conducted by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that, when the molecular weight distribution is low (Mw/Mn < 1.2), the measurement by GPC and MALDI-ToF MS provided nearly similar results. For example, the molecular weight of 10600 Da was obtained by MALDI-ToF MS, while GPC gave 10500 g/mol (Mw/Mn = 1.17). However, if the polymer is poly distributed, MALDI-ToF MS cannot provide an accurate value. This was exemplified for a polymer with a molecular weight of 3130 Da measured by MALDI-TOF MS, while GPC showed 2300 g/mol (Mw/Mn = 1.38). The size, size distribution and magnetic properties of the hybrid particles were different by changing either the molecular weight or concentration of the polymer surfactants. The analysis from TEM characterization showed that the size of cobalt nanoparticles stabilized with polystyrene of lower molecular weight (Mn = 2300 g/mol) varied from 12-22 nm, while the size with middle (Mn = 4500 g/mol) and higher molecular weight (Mn = 10500 g/mol) of polystyrene-coated cobalt nanoparticles showed little change. Magnetic measurements exhibited that the small cobalt particles (12 nm) were superparamagnetic, while larger particles (21 nm) were ferromagnetic and assembled into 1-D chains. The grafting density calculated from thermogravimetric analysis showed that a higher grafting density of polystyrene was obtained with lower molecular weight (Mn = 2300 g/mol) than those with higher molecular weight (Mn = 10500 g/mol). Due to the larger steric hindrance, polystyrene with higher molecular weight cannot form a dense shell on the surface of the nanoparticles, which resulted in a lower grafting density. Wide angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed the epsilon cobalt crystalline phases of both superparamagnetic Co NPs coated with polystyrene (Mn = 2300 g/mol) and ferromagnetic Co NPs coated with polystyrene (Mn = 10500 g/mol). Furthermore, a stability study showed that PS-Co NPs prepared with higher polymer concentration and polymer molecular weight exhibited a better stability.}, language = {en} }