@article{EsserWyschkon2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Diagnostik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-83-9},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-83-9},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WittigEsser2010,
  author    = {Wittig, Kirsten and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Erstgespr{\"a}che mit Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-456-84781-8},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KlieglWeiDambacheretal.2010,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Wei, Ping and Dambacher, Michael and Yan, Ming and Zhou, Xiaolin},
  title     = {Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models: estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YanKlieglShuetal.2010,
  author    = {Yan, Ming and Kliegl, Reinhold and Shu, Hua and Pan, Jinger and Zhou, Xiaolin},
  title     = {Parafoveal load of word N+1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+2 in chinese reading},
  doi       = {10.1037/a0019329},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rauh2010,
  author    = {Rauh, Hellgard},
  title     = {Theorien und Konzepte der Entwicklungspsychologie},
  isbn      = {978-3-17-020957-2},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Vorhersage von Umschriebenen Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen der schulischen Fertigkeiten mithilfe von Vorschultests: Prognostische Validit{\"a}t der BUEVA-II},
  isbn      = {978-3- 8017-2294-4},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2010,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Early predictors of antisocial developmental pathways among boys and girls},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objective: We investigated in a high-risk sample the differential impact of biological and psychosocial risk factors on antisocial behaviour pathways. Method: One hundred and thirty-eight boys and 155 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were examined from birth until adolescence. Childhood temperament was assessed by a highly-structured parent-interview and standardized behavioural observations, adolescent temperament was measured by self-report. Neurodevelopmental variables were assessed by age-specific developmental tests. Emotional and behaviour problems were measured at the ages of 8 and 15 by the Achenbach scales. Results: In both genders, psychosocial adversity and early self-control temperament were strongly associated with early-onset persistent (EOP) antisocial behaviour. Psychosocial adversity and more severe externalizing problems differentiated the EOP from childhood-limited (CL) pathway. In girls, adolescent-onset (AO) antisocial behaviour was strongly associated with novelty seeking at 15 years. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for early support and intervention in psychosocially disadvantaged families.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NuthmannSmithEngbertetal.2010,
  author    = {Nuthmann, Antje and Smith, Tim J. and Engbert, Ralf and Henderson, John M.},
  title     = {CRISP: a computational model of fixation duration in scene viewing},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eye-movement control during scene viewing can be represented as a series of individual decisions about where and when to move the eyes. While substantial behavioral and computational research has been devoted to investigating the placement of fixations in scenes, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that control fixation durations. Here, we propose a computational model (CRISP) that accounts for saccade timing and programming and thus for variations in fixation durations in scene viewing. First, timing signals are modeled as continuous-time random walks. Second, difficulties at the level of visual and cognitive processing can inhibit and thus modulate saccade timing. Inhibition generates moment-by-moment changes in the random walk's transition rate and processing-related saccade cancellation. Third, saccade programming is completed in 2 stages: an initial, labile stage that is subject to cancellation and a subsequent, nonlabile stage. Several simulation studies tested the model's adequacy and generality. An initial simulation study explored the role of cognitive factors in scene viewing by examining how fixation durations differed under different viewing task instructions. Additional simulations investigated the degree to which fixation durations were under direct moment-to-moment control of the current visual scene. The present work further supports the conclusion that fixation durations, to a certain degree, reflect perceptual and cognitive activity in scene viewing. Computational model simulations contribute to an understanding of the underlying processes of gaze control.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JeschonekMarinovicHoehletal.2010,
  author    = {Jeschonek, Susanna and Marinovic, Vesna and Hoehl, Stefanie and Elsner, Birgit and Pauen, Sabina},
  title     = {Do animals and furniture items elicit different brain responses in human infants?},
  issn      = {0387-7604},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {One of the earliest categorical distinctions to be made by preverbal infants is the animate-inanimate distinction. To explore the neural basis for this distinction in 7-8-month-olds, an equal number of animal and furniture pictures was presented in an ERP-paradigm. The total of 118 pictures, all looking different from each other, were presented in a semi-randomized order for 1000 ms each. Infants' brain responses to exemplars from both categories differed systematically regarding the negative central component (Nc: 400-600 ms) at anterior channels. More specifically, the Nc was enhanced for animals in one subgroup of infants, and for furniture items in another subgroup of infants. Explorative analyses related to categorical priming further revealed category-specific differences in brain responses in the late time window (650-1550 ms) at right frontal channels: Unprimed stimuli (preceded by a different-category item) elicited a more positive response as compared to primed stimuli (preceded by a same-category item). In sum, these findings suggest that the infant's brain discriminates exemplars from both global domains. Given the design of our task, we conclude that processes of category identification are more likely to account for our findings than processes of on-line category formation during the experimental session.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrahlerEhrlenspielHeeneetal.2010,
  author    = {Strahler, Katharina and Ehrlenspiel, Felix and Heene, Moritz and Brand, Ralf},
  title     = {Competitive anxiety and cortisol awakening response in the week leading up to a competition},
  issn      = {1469-0292},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.10.003},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objectives: This study investigated the psychological as well as neuroendocrine stress response across one week before an important sport competition, introducing the cortisol awakening response (CAR) to sport psychological research. Methods: On three days in the week before the German Nationals, martial artists (N = 17) reported their competitive state anxiety and collected five samples of salivary cortisol during the first hour after awakening. Results: Hierarchic-linear models and multiple regressions were conducted. Despite a significant rise in "somatic anxiety" (p < .05), the increment of CAR across the week remained non-significant. A moderator function of competitive anxiety on the released amount of cortisol in the morning was not found significant. Results did not show any significant regression of changes in the neuroendocrine response on changes in state anxiety. Conclusion: Non- significant increments of CAR with a closer proximity to the competition may be interpreted as a possible habituation of basal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity. Moreover, athletes appear to have a lower CAR than found in norm studies, which points to further investigation of interindividual and situational effects on the temporal pattern of the neuroendocrine response to sport competitions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{InhoffSeymourSchadetal.2010,
  author    = {Inhoff, Albrecht W. and Seymour, Bradley A. and Schad, Daniel and Greenberg, Seth},
  title     = {The size and direction of saccadic curvatures during reading},
  issn      = {0042-6989},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.visres.2010.03.025},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {e movements during the reading of multi-line pages of texts were analyzed to determine the trajectory of reading saccades. The results of two experiments showed that the trajectory of the majority of forward-directed saccades was negatively biased, i.e., the trajectory fell below the start and end location of the saccadic movement. This is attributed to a global top-to-bottom orienting of attention. The curvature size and the proportion of negative trajectories were diminished when linguistic processing demands were high and when the beginning lines of a page were read. Longer pre-saccadic fixations also yielded smaller saccadic curvatures, and they resulted in fewer negatively curved forward-directed saccades in Experiment 1 although not in Experiment 2. These findings indicate that the top-to- bottom pull of saccadic trajectories is modulated by processing demands and processing opportunities. The results are in general agreement with a time-locked attraction-inhibition hypothesis, according to which the horizontal movement component of a saccade is initially subject to an automatic top-to-bottom orienting of attention that is subsequently inhibited.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohensteinKliegl2010,
  author    = {Hohenstein, Sven and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading : a parafoveal fast-priming study},
  issn      = {0278-7393},
  doi       = {10.1037/A0020233},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze- contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pretarget word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms), effects were not significant but were numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerbertHerbertPollatosetal.2010,
  author    = {Herbert, Beate M. and Herbert, Cornelia and Pollatos, Olga and Weimer, Katja and Sauer, Helene and Enck, Paul and Zipfel, Stephan},
  title     = {Effects of short-term food deprivation on interoceptive awareness, feelings and autonomic cardiac activity : implications for eating disorders},
  issn      = {0048-5772},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01111.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Poster session abstracts. Poster 9},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FaySonnentag2010,
  author    = {Fay, Doris and Sonnentag, Sabine},
  title     = {A look back to move ahead : new directions for research on proactive performance and other discretionary work behaviours},
  issn      = {0269-994X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00413.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Over the last two decades, the multi-dimensional notion of job performance has been fully brought to life. The differentiation between core task performance and various aspects of discretionary work behaviour is flow commonly applied. A multitude of empirical studies, enhancing our knowledge of the antecedents and consequences of the different performance aspects, have recently been summarised through various meta-analyses. We use this as all occasion for taking stock in order to identify new areas of theorising and empirical research. Focusing in particular oil proactive performance aspects, the present paper identifies three themes that could inspire new research and model development. We suggest taking a new approach to the treatment of time in order to account for the dynamic nature of performance oil the one hand, and to consider life-span changes oil the other, developing comprehensive models oil proactivity-enhancing interventions, and more strongly incorporating a cross-cultural perspective.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngbertKruegel2010,
  author    = {Engbert, Ralf and Kruegel, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Readers use Bayesian estimation for eye movement control},
  issn      = {0956-7976},
  doi       = {10.1177/0956797610362060},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {During reading, saccadic landing positions within words show a pronounced peak close to the word center, with an additional systematic error that is modulated by the distance from the launch site and the length of the target word. Here we show that the systematic variation of fixation positions within words, the saccadic range error, can be derived from Bayesian decision theory. We present the first mathematical model for the saccadic range error; this model makes explicit assumptions regarding underlying visual and oculomotor processes. Analyzing a corpus of eye movement recordings, we obtained results that are consistent with the view that readers use Bayesian estimation for saccade planning. Furthermore, we show that alternative models fail to reproduce the experimental data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannSchmidBlomeyeretal.2010,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Mann, Karl F. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Drinking against unpleasant emotions : possible outcome of early onset of alcohol use?},
  issn      = {0145-6008},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01180.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent animal and human studies indicate that the exposure to alcohol during early adolescence increases the risk for heavy alcohol use in response to stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this effect may be the consequence of a higher susceptibility to develop "drinking to cope" motives among early initiators. Methods: Data from 320 participants were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Structured interviews at age 15 and 19 were used to assess age at first alcohol experience and drunkenness. The young adults completed questionnaires to obtain information about the occurrence of stressful life events during the past 4 years and current drinking habits. In addition, alcohol use under conditions of negative states was assessed with the Inventory of Drinking Situations. Results: The probability of young adults' alcohol use in situations characterized by unpleasant emotions was significantly increased the earlier they had initiated the use of alcohol, even when controlling for current drinking habits and stressful life events. Similar results were obtained for the age at first drunkenness. Conclusions: The findings strengthen the hypothesis that alcohol experiences during early adolescence facilitate drinking to regulate negative affect as an adverse coping strategy which may represent the starting point of a vicious circle comprising drinking to relieve stress and increased stress as a consequence of drinking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannLauchtSchmidetal.2010,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Laucht, Manfred and Schmid, Brigitte and Wiedemann, Klaus and Mann, Karl F. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S.},
  title     = {Cigarette craving increases after a psychosocial stress test and is related to cortisol stress response but not to dependence scores in daily smokers},
  issn      = {0269-8811},
  doi       = {10.1177/0269881108095716},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Stress is known to induce cigarette craving in smokers, but the underlying mechanisms are widely unknown. We investigated how dependence severity, smoking habits and stress-induced cortisol secretion are associated with increased cigarette craving after a standardised laboratory stressor. Hundred and six healthy participants (50 men, age 18-19 years) underwent a standardised public speaking stress task. In all, 35 smoked daily (DS), 13 smoked occasionally (OS), and 58 never smoked (NS). Smoking was unrestricted until 2 h before stress onset. Plasma cortisol was measured before and up to 95 min after the stressor. All current smokers rated intensity of cigarette craving immediately before and immediately after the stressor using the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (BQSU). Cortisol levels significantly increased in response to stress in all groups. The magnitude of this stress response was significantly lower in DS compared with OS and NS but did not differ between OS and NS. Baseline BQSU scores were significantly higher in DS than OS. BQSU scores increased significantly during the stress period and were positively correlated to the cortisol response in the DS but were unrelated to their nicotine dependence scores. In OS, no change in cigarette craving could be observed. In daily smokers, cigarette craving is increased after compared with before stress exposure and is related to the magnitude of cortisol stress response rather than to severity of nicotine dependence. This result supports, but does not prove, the concept that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stimulation is one of the mechanisms how stress can elicit cigarette craving.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannKopfWestphaletal.2010,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Kopf, Daniel and Westphal, Sabine and Lederbogen, Florian and Banaschewski, Tobias and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred and Deuschle, Michael},
  title     = {Impact of early parental child-rearing behavior on young adults' cardiometabolic risk profile : a prospective study},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  doi       = {10.1097/Psy.0b013e3181c88343},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objective: To examine prospectively whether early parental child-rearing behavior is a predictor of cardiometabolic outcome in young adulthood when other potential risk factors are controlled. Metabolic factors associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease have been found to vary, depending on lifestyle as well as genetic predisposition. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that environmental conditions, such as stress in pre- and postnatal life, may have a sustained impact on an individual's metabolic risk profile. Methods: Participants were drawn from a prospective, epidemiological, cohort study followed up from birth into young adulthood. Parent interviews and behavioral observations at the age of 3 months were conducted to assess child-rearing practices and mother-infant interaction in the home setting and in the laboratory. In 279 participants, anthropometric characteristics, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides were recorded at age 19 years. In addition, structured interviews were administered to the young adults to assess indicators of current lifestyle and education. Results: Adverse early-life interaction experiences were significantly associated with lower levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in young adulthood. Current lifestyle variables and level of education did not account for this effect, although habitual smoking and alcohol consumption also contributed significantly to cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early parental child-rearing behavior may predict health outcome in later life through its impact on metabolic parameters in adulthood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BelschakDenHartogFay2010,
  author    = {Belschak, Frank D. and Den Hartog, Deanne N. and Fay, Doris},
  title     = {Exploring positive, negative and context-dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work},
  issn      = {0963-1798},
  doi       = {10.1348/096317910x501143},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This article is an introduction to the Special Section entitled 'Exploring positive, negative and context- dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work' which features in this issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeckerBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2010,
  author    = {Becker, Katja and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {From regulatory problems in infancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood : a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene?},
  issn      = {0022-3476},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.005},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {To examine whether the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) exon III VNTR moderates the risk of infants with regulatory disorders for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk for later psychopathology, 300 participants were assessed for regulatory problems in infancy, DRD4 genotype, and ADHD symptoms and diagnoses from childhood to adolescence. To examine a potential moderating effect on ADHD measures, linear and logistic regressions were computed. Models were fit for the main effects of the DRD4 genotype (presence or absence of the 7r allele) and regulatory problems (presence or absence), with the addition of the interaction term. All models were controlled for sex, family adversity, and obstetric risk status. In children without the DRD4-7r allele, a history of regulatory problems in infancy was unrelated to later ADHD. But in children with regulatory problems in infancy, the additional presence of the DRD4-7r allele increased the risk for ADHD in childhood. The DRD4 genotype seems to moderate the association between regulatory problems in infancy and later ADHD. A replication study is needed before further conclusions can be drawn, however.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpoererGlaser2010,
  author    = {Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Glaser, Cornelia},
  title     = {F{\"o}rderung selbstregulierten Lernens im schulischen Kontext},
  issn      = {1010-0652},
  doi       = {10.1024/1010-0652/A000014},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Selbstreguliertes Lernen umfasst gedankliche und verhaltensbezogene Aktivit{\"a}ten, die Lernende dazu bef{\"a}higen, aufgabenspezifische Fertigkeiten effizient erwerben sowie wirksam und nachhaltig einsetzen zu k{\"o}nnen. In dem vorliegenden Editorial werden einschl{\"a}gige Funktions- und Ordnungssysteme selbstregulierten Lernens sowie charakteristische Formen der Vermittlung und Anwendung strategischer Fertigkeiten gekennzeichnet, einschließlich eines {\"U}berblicks zu den Beitr{\"a}gen des Themenschwerpunktes zur «F{\"o}rderung selbstregulierten Lernens im schulischen Kontext». Als Bestandsaufnahme vorliegender Beitr{\"a}ge werden Grenzen bisheriger und Perspektiven zuk{\"u}nftiger Forschung in diesem Bereich benannt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SeuringSpoerer2010,
  author    = {Seuring, Vanessa A. and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine},
  title     = {Reziprokes Lehren in der Schule : F{\"o}rderung von Leseverst{\"a}ndnis, Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit und Strategieanwendung},
  issn      = {1010-0652},
  doi       = {10.1024/1010-0652/A000016},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, wie das Leseverst{\"a}ndnis von Sch{\"u}lern der 5. Klasse mittels reziproken Lehrens gef{\"o}rdert werden kann. Dabei wurde insbesondere betrachtet, welche Relevanz die Vermittlung spezifischer Lesestrategien besitzt. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 380 Sch{\"u}lern aus 15 Klassen, die einer von drei Bedingungen zugewiesen wurden: (a) Training der vier Lesestrategien Kl{\"a}ren, Fragen, Vorhersagen, Zusammenfassen (4S), (b) Training der drei Lesestrategien Kl{\"a}ren, Fragen, Vorhersagen (3S) oder (c) Training der Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit (LF; keine Vermittlung von Lesestrategien). Der Lernerfolg wurde unmittelbar sowie 9 Wochen nach Abschluss der Intervention mittels standardisierter Leseverst{\"a}ndnis- und Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeitstests sowie selbst konstruierter Tests zur Erfassung der Qualit{\"a}t der Strategieanwendung erhoben. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden im Verlauf des Trainings Prozessdaten erfasst. Bezogen auf die Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit zeigte der Pr{\"a}test-Posttest-Vergleich, dass sich Sch{\"u}ler aller Bedingungen verbesserten. Zum Follow-up-Test schnitten hingegen LF-Sch{\"u}ler besser ab als Sch{\"u}ler der Strategie-Bedingungen. Bezogen auf das Leseverst{\"a}ndnis erreichten nach Abschluss des Trainings 3S-Sch{\"u}ler bessere Leistungen als Sch{\"u}ler der anderen Trainingsbedingungen. Sie konnten ihren Vorsprung mittelfristig jedoch nicht aufrechterhalten. 3S- und 4S-Sch{\"u}ler erstellten zum Posttest signifikant bessere Zusammenfassungen als LF-Sch{\"u}ler. Schließlich zeigten die Prozessdaten, dass sich Sch{\"u}ler beider Strategiebedingungen kontinuierlich in der Anwendung der Lesestrategien Fragen und Vorhersagen verbesserten. Es werden Ver{\"a}nderungen des Trainings zur Steigerung der Effektivit{\"a}t bei Umsetzung in Regelschulklassen diskutiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwarzMiller2010,
  author    = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Miller, Jeff O.},
  title     = {Locking the Wiener process to its level-crossing time},
  issn      = {0361-0926},
  doi       = {10.1080/03610920902755821},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We consider the specific transformation of a Wiener process {X(t), t >= 0} in the presence of an absorbing barrier a that results when this process is "time-locked" with respect to its first passage time T-a through a criterion level a, and the evolution of X(t) is considered backwards ( retrospectively) from T-a. Formally, we study the random variables defined by Y(t) = X(T-a - t) and derive explicit results for their density and mean, and also for their asymptotic forms. We discuss how our results can aid interpretations of time series "response-locked" to their times of crossing a criterion level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruegelEngbert2010,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}gel, Andr{\´e} and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {On the launch-site effect for skipped words during reading},
  issn      = {0042-6989},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.009},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The launch-site effect, a systematic variation of within-word landing position as a function of launch-site distance, is among the most important oculomotor phenomena in reading. Here we show that the launch-site effect is strongly modulated in word skipping, a finding which is inconsistent with the view that the launch-site effect is caused by a saccadic-range error. We observe that distributions of landing positions in skipping saccades show an increased leftward shift compared to non-skipping saccades at equal launch-site distances. Using an improved algorithm for the estimation of mislocated fixations, we demonstrate the reliability of our results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchadNuthmannEngbert2010,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Eye movements during reading of randomly shuffled texts},
  issn      = {0042-6989},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In research on eye-movement control during reading, the importance of cognitive processes related to language comprehension relative to visuomotor aspects of saccade generation is the topic of an ongoing debate. Here we investigate various eye-movement measures during reading of randomly shuffled meaningless text as compared to normal meaningful text. To ensure processing of the material, readers were occasionally probed for words occurring in normal or shuffled text. For reading of shuffled text we observed longer fixation times, less word skippings, and more refixations than in normal reading. Shuffled-text reading further differed from normal reading in that low-frequency words were not overall fixated longer than high-frequency words. However, the frequency effect was present on long words, but was reversed for short words. Also, consistent with our prior research we found distinct experimental effects of spatially distributed processing over several words at a time, indicating how lexical word processing affected eye movements. Based on analyses of statistical linear mixed-effect models we argue that the results are compatible with the hypothesis that the perceptual span is more strongly modulated by foveal load in the shuffled reading task than in normal reading. Results are discussed in the context of computational models of reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MergenthalerEngbert2010,
  author    = {Mergenthaler, Konstantin and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Microsaccades are different from saccades in scene perception},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eye-fixation durations are among the best and most widely used measures of ongoing cognition in visual tasks, e.g., reading, visual search or scene perception. However, fixations are characterized by ongoing motor activity (or fixational eye movements) with microsaccades as their most pronounced components. Recent work demonstrated the similarities of microsaccades and inspection saccades. Here, we show that distinct properties of microsaccades and inspection saccades can be found in a scene perception task, based on descriptive measures (e.g., a bimodal amplitude distribution) as well as functional characteristics (e.g., inter saccadic-event intervals and generating processes). Besides these specific differences, microsaccade rates produced by individual participants in a fixation paradigm are correlated with microsaccade rates extracted from fixations in scene perception, indicating a common neurophysiological basis. Finally, we observed that slow fixational eye movements, called drift, are significantly reduced during long fixations in scene viewing, which informs about the control of eye movements in scene viewing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LangeVerhaeghenCerella2010,
  author    = {Lange, Elke B. and Verhaeghen, Paul and Cerella, John},
  title     = {Dual representations of item identity and item location in short-term memory: Evidence for two access modes},
  issn      = {0954-1446},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Memory sets of N=1 ~ 5 digits were exposed sequentially from left-to-right across the screen, followed by N recognition probes. Probes had to be compared to memory list items on identity only (Sternberg task) or conditional on list position. Positions were probed randomly or in left-to-right order. Search functions related probe response times to set size. Random probing led to ramped, "Sternbergian" functions whose intercepts were elevated by the location requirement. Sequential probing led to flat search functions{\`u}fast responses unaffected by set size. These results suggested that items in STM could be accessed either by a slow search-on-identity followed by recovery of an associated location tag, or in a single step by following item-to-item links in study order. It is argued that this dual coding of location information occurs spontaneously at study, and that either code can be utilised at retrieval depending on test demands.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{InhoffSeymourSchadetal.2010,
  author    = {Inhoff, Albrecht W. and Seymour, Bradley A. and Schad, Daniel and Greenberg, Seth},
  title     = {The size and direction of saccadic curvatures during reading},
  issn      = {0042-6989},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eye movements during the reading of multi-line pages of texts were analyzed to determine the trajectory of reading saccades. The results of two experiments showed that the trajectory of the majority of forward-directed saccades was negatively biased, i.e., the trajectory fell below the start and end location of the saccadic movement. This is attributed to a global top-to-bottom orienting of attention. The curvature size and the proportion of negative trajectories were diminished when linguistic processing demands were high and when the beginning lines of a page were read. Longer pre-saccadic fixations also yielded smaller saccadic curvatures, and they resulted in fewer negatively curved forward-directed saccades in Experiment 1 although not in Experiment 2. These findings indicate that the top-to- bottom pull of saccadic trajectories is modulated by processing demands and processing opportunities. The results are in general agreement with a time-locked attraction-inhibition hypothesis, according to which the horizontal movement component of a saccade is initially subject to an automatic top-to-bottom orienting of attention that is subsequently inhibited.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LaubrockKlieglRolfsetal.2010,
  author    = {Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold and Rolfs, Martin and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {When do microsaccades follow spatial attention?},
  issn      = {1943-3921},
  doi       = {10.3758/APP.72.3.683},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Following up on an exchange about the relation between microsaccades and spatial attention (Horowitz, Fencsik, Fine, Yurgenson, \& Wolfe, 2007; Horowitz, Fine, Fencsik, Yurgenson, \& Wolfe, 2007; Laubrock, Engbert, Rolfs, \& Kliegl, 2007), we examine the effects of selection criteria and response modality. We show that for Posner cuing with saccadic responses, microsaccades go with attention in at least 75\% of cases (almost 90\% if probability matching is assumed) when they are first (or only) microsaccades in the cue target interval and when they occur between 200 and 400 msec after the cue. The relation between spatial attention and the direction of microsaccades drops to chance level for unselected microsaccades collected during manual-response conditions. Analyses of data from four cross-modal cuing experiments demonstrate an above-chance, intermediate link for visual cues, but no systematic relation for auditory cues. Thus, the link between spatial attention and direction of microsaccades depends on the experimental condition and time of occurrence, but it can be very strong.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rauh2010,
  author    = {Rauh, Hellgard},
  title     = {Entwicklungspsychologische Grundlagen II : das Kleinstkind},
  isbn      = {978-3-17-020957-2},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchweizerPlessnerBrand2010,
  author    = {Schweizer, Geoffrey and Plessner, Henning and Brand, Ralf},
  title     = {Studying experts' intuitive decision making online using video stimuli},
  isbn      = {978-1-8487-2019-0},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OberauerKliegl2010,
  author    = {Oberauer, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Interferenz im Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis : ein formales Modell},
  issn      = {0033-3042},
  doi       = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000008},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schwarz2010,
  author    = {Schwarz, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Comparing continuous and discrete birthday coincidences : "Same-Day" versus "Within 24 Hours"},
  issn      = {0003-1305},
  doi       = {10.1198/tast.2009.09003},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In its classical form the famous birthday problem (Feller 1968; Mosteller 1987) addresses coincidences within a discrete sample space, looking at births that fall on the same calendar day. However, coincidence phenomena often arise in situations in which it is more natural to consider a continuous-time parameter. We first describe an elementary variant of the classical problem in continuous time, and then derive and illustrate close approximate relations that exist between the discrete and the continuous formulations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YanKlieglRichteretal.2010,
  author    = {Yan, Ming and Kliegl, Reinhold and Richter, Eike M. and Nuthmann, Antje and Shu, Hua},
  title     = {Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading},
  issn      = {1747-0218},
  doi       = {10.1080/17470210903114858},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {As Chinese is written without orthographical word boundaries (i.e., spaces), it is unclear whether saccade targets are selected on the basis of characters or words and whether saccades are aimed at the beginning or the centre of words. Here, we report an experiment where 30 Chinese readers read 150 sentences while their eye movements were monitored. They exhibited a strong tendency to fixate at the word centre in single-fixation cases and at the word beginning in multiple-fixation cases. Different from spaced alphabetic script, initial fixations falling at the end of words were no more likely to be followed by a refixation than initial fixations at word centre. Further, single fixations were shorter than first fixations in two-fixation cases, which is opposite to what is found in Roman script. We propose that Chinese readers dynamically select the beginning or centre of words as saccade targets depending on failure or success with segmentation of parafoveal word boundaries.},
  language  = {en}
}