@article{WachsWettsteinBilzetal.2022,
  author    = {Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Gamez-Guadix, Manuel},
  title     = {Motivos del discurso de odio en la adolescencia y su relaci{\´o}n con las normas sociales},
  series = {Comunicar : revista cient{\´i}fica de comunicaci{\´o}n y educaci{\´o}n},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Comunicar : revista cient{\´i}fica de comunicaci{\´o}n y educaci{\´o}n},
  number    = {71},
  publisher = {Grupo Comunicar},
  address   = {Huelva},
  issn      = {1134-3478},
  doi       = {10.3916/C71-2022-01},
  pages     = {9 -- 20},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Hate speech has become a widespread phenomenon, however, it remains largely unclear why adolescents engage in it and which factors are associated with their motivations for perpetrating hate speech. To this end, we developed the multidimensional "Motivations for Hate Speech Perpetration Scale" (MHATE) and evaluated the psychometric properties. We also explored the associations between social norms and adolescents' motivations for hate speech perpetration. The sample consisted of 346 adolescents from Switzerland (54.6\% boys; Mage=14; SD=0.96) who reported engagement in hate speech as perpetrators. The analyses revealed good psychometric properties for the MHATE, including good internal consistency. The most frequently endorsed subscale was revenge, followed by ideology, group conformity, status enhancement, exhilaration, and power. The results also showed that descriptive norms and peer pressure were related to a wide range of different motivations for perpetrating hate speech. Injunctive norms, however, were only associated with power. In conclusion, findings indicate that hate speech fulfills various functions. We argue that knowing the specific motivations that underlie hate speech could help us derive individually tailored prevention strategies (e.g., anger management, promoting an inclusive classroom climate). Furthermore, we suggest that practitioners working in the field of hate speech prevention give special attention to social norms surrounding adolescents.},
  language  = {es}
}
@article{WrightWachsGamezGuadix2021,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel},
  title     = {J{\´o}venes ante el ciberodio},
  series = {Comunicar : revista cient{\´i}fica de comunicaci{\´o}n y educaci{\´o}n},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Comunicar : revista cient{\´i}fica de comunicaci{\´o}n y educaci{\´o}n},
  number    = {67},
  publisher = {Grupo Comunicar},
  address   = {Huelva},
  issn      = {1134-3478},
  doi       = {10.3916/C67-2021-02},
  pages     = {21 -- 33},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Adolescents around the world are increasingly exposed to cyberhate. More knowledge is needed to understand how adolescents cope with cyberhate and how they can be supported when exposed. To this end, the present study investigated the associations between parental mediation of Internet use and adolescents' problem-focused coping strategies for hypothetical cyberhate victimization while considering family support as a moderator of these relationships. The sample consisted of self-reports of 5,960 adolescents between 12-18 years old (M=14.94; SD=1.61; females: 50.7\%) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, India, Spain, South Korea, and Thailand. A structural equation model was used to investigate the relationship among parental mediation, family support, and coping with cyberhate. Findings showed a positive relationship between instructive parental mediation and adolescents' problem-focused coping strategies, and a negative relationship between restrictive parental mediation and adolescents' capability to cope productively with cyberhate. In addition, family support strengthened the positive relationship between instructive parental mediation and adolescents' use of coping strategies and attenuated the negative relationship between restrictive parental mediation and adolescents' use of coping strategies. The findings highlight the need for parental education training and underscore the importance of family support for increasing adolescents' ability to cope productively with cyberhate.},
  language  = {es}
}