@article{GlatzelBadiPaechetal.2010,
  author    = {Glatzel, Stefan and Badi, Nezha and Paech, Michael and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Lutz, Jean-Francois},
  title     = {Well-defined synthetic polymers with a protein-like gelation behavior in water},
  issn      = {1359-7345},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0cc00038h},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Homopolymers of N-acryloyl glycinamide were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in water. The formed macromolecules exhibit strong polymer-polymer interactions in aqueous milieu and therefore form thermoreversible physical hydrogels in pure water, physiological buffer or cell medium.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sievers2010,
  author    = {Sievers, Torsten},
  title     = {Tuning and understanding chain-length of metallo-supramolecular coordination polymers},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 163 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XieJelicicWangetal.2010,
  author    = {Xie, Zai-Lai and Jelicic, Aleksandra and Wang, Feipeng and Rabu, Pierre and Friedrich, Alwin and Beuermann, Sabine and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Transparent, flexible, and paramagnetic ionogels based on PMMA and the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [Bmim][FeCl4]},
  issn      = {0959-9428},
  doi       = {10.1039/C0jm01733g},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The iron-containing ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III) [Bmim][FeCl4] has been used as a building block in the synthesis of transparent, ion-conducting, and paramagnetic ionogels. UV/Vis spectroscopy shows that the coordination around the Fe(III) ion does slightly change upon incorporation of the IL into PMMA. The thermal stability of the PMMA increases significantly with IL incorporation. In particular, the onset weight loss observed at ca. 265 degrees C for pure PMMA is completely suppressed. The ionic conductivity shows a strong temperature dependence and increases with increasing IL weight fractions. The magnetic properties are similar to those reported for the pure IL and are not affected by the incorporation into the PMMA matrix. The resulting ionogel is thus an interesting prototype for soft, flexible, and transparent materials combining the mechanical properties of the matrix with the functionality of the metal-containing IL, such as magnetism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TremblayKrauseKlamrothetal.2010,
  author    = {Tremblay, Jean Christophe and Krause, Pascal and Klamroth, Tillmann and Saalfrank, Peter},
  title     = {Time-dependent response of dissipative electron systems},
  issn      = {1050-2947},
  doi       = {10.1103/Physreva.81.063420},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We present a systematic study of the influence of energy and phase relaxation on dynamic polarizability simulations in the linear response regime. The nonperturbative approach is based on explicit electron dynamics using short laser pulses of low intensities. To include environmental effects on the property calculation, we use the time- dependent configuration-interaction method in its reduced density matrix formulation. Both energy dissipation and nonlocal pure dephasing are included. The explicit treatment of time-resolved electron dynamics gives access to the phase shift between the electric field and the induced dipole moment, which can be used to define a useful uncertainty measure for the dynamic polarizability. The nonperturbative treatment is compared to perturbation theory expressions, as applied to a simple model system, the rigid H-2 molecule. It is shown that both approaches are equivalent for low field intensities, but the time-dependent treatment provides complementary information on the phase of the induced dipole moment, which allows for the definition of an uncertainty associated with the computation of the dynamic polarizability in the linear response regime.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Stoeckle2010,
  author    = {St{\"o}ckle, Silke},
  title     = {Thin liquid films with nanoparticles and rod-like ions as models for nanofluidics},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46370},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {With the rise of nanotechnology in the last decade, nanofluidics has been established as a research field and gained increased interest in science and industry. Natural aqueous nanofluidic systems are very complex, there is often a predominance of liquid interfaces or the fluid contains charged or differently shaped colloids. The effects, promoted by these additives, are far from being completely understood and interesting questions arise with regards to the confinement of such complex fluidic systems. A systematic study of nanofluidic processes requires designing suitable experimental model nano - channels with required characteristics. The present work employed thin liquid films (TLFs) as experimental models. They have proven to be useful experimental tools because of their simple geometry, reproducible preparation, and controllable liquid interfaces. The thickness of the channels can be adjusted easily by the concentration of electrolyte in the film forming solution. This way, channel dimensions from 5 - 100 nm are possible, a high flexibility for an experimental system. TLFs have liquid IFs of different charge and properties and they offer the possibility to confine differently shaped ions and molecules to very small spaces, or to subject them to controlled forces. This makes the foam films a unique "device" available to obtain information about fluidic systems in nanometer dimensions. The main goal of this thesis was to study nanofluidic processes using TLFs as models, or tools, and to subtract information about natural systems plus deepen the understanding on physical chemical conditions. The presented work showed that foam films can be used as experimental models to understand the behavior of liquids in nano - sized confinement. In the first part of the thesis, we studied the process of thinning of thin liquid films stabilized with the non - ionic surfactant n - dodecyl - β - maltoside (β - C₁₂G₂) with primary interest in interfacial diffusion processes during the thinning process dependent on surfactant concentration 64. The surfactant concentration in the film forming solutions was varied at constant electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The velocity of thinning was analyzed combining previously developed theoretical approaches. Qualitative information about the mobility of the surfactant molecules at the film surfaces was obtained. We found that above a certain limiting surfactant concentration the film surfaces were completely immobile and they behaved as non - deformable, which decelerated the thinning process. This follows the predictions for Reynolds flow of liquid between two non - deformable disks. In the second part of the thesis, we designed a TLF nanofluidic system containing rod - like multivalent ions and compared this system to films containing monovalent ions. We presented first results which recognized for the first time the existence of an additional attractive force in the foam films based on the electrostatic interaction between rod - like ions and oppositely charged surfaces. We may speculate that this is an ion bridging component of the disjoining pressure. The results show that for films prepared in presence of spermidine the transformation of the thicker CF to the thinnest NBF is more probable as films prepared with NaCl at similar conditions of electrostatic interaction. This effect is not a result of specific adsorption of any of the ions at the fluid surfaces and it does not lead to any changes in the equilibrium properties of the CF and NBF. Our hypothesis was proven using the trivalent ion Y3+ which does not show ion bridging. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and a quantitative agreement on the system's energy gain for the change from CF to NBF could be obtained. In the third part of the work, the behavior of nanoparticles in confinement was investigated with respect to their impact on the fluid flow velocity. The particles altered the flow velocity by an unexpected high amount, so that the resulting changes in the dynamic viscosity could not be explained by a realistic change of the fluid viscosity. Only aggregation, flocculation and plug formation can explain the experimental results. The particle systems in the presented thesis had a great impact on the film interfaces due to the stabilizer molecules present in the bulk solution. Finally, the location of the particles with respect to their lateral and vertical arrangement in the film was studied with advanced reflectivity and scattering methods. Neutron Reflectometry studies were performed to investigate the location of nanoparticles in the TLF perpendicular to the IF. For the first time, we study TLFs using grazing incidence small angle X - ray scattering (GISAXS), which is a technique sensitive to the lateral arrangement of particles in confined volumes. This work provides preliminary data on a lateral ordering of particles in the film.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdelsbergerKulkarniJainetal.2010,
  author    = {Adelsberger, Joseph and Kulkarni, Amit and Jain, Abhinav and Wang, Weinan and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Busch, Peter and Pipich, Vitaliy and Holderer, Olaf and Hellweg, Thomas and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter and Papadakis, Christine M.},
  title     = {Thermoresponsive PS-b-PNIPAM-b-PS micelles : aggregation behavior, segmental dynamics, and thermal response},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma902714p},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We have studied I lie thermal behavior of amphiphilic, symmetric triblock copolymers having short, deuterated polystyrene (PS) end blocks and a large poly(N-isopropylacrylarnicle) (PNIPAM) middle block exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution. A wide range of concentrations (0.1-300 mg/mL) is investigated using it number of analytical methods such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (NSE). The critical micelle concentration is determined using FCS to be 1 mu M or less. The collapse of the micelles at the LCST is investigated using turbidimetry and DLS and shows a weak dependence on the degree of polymerization of the PNIPAM block. SANS with contrast matching allows its to reveal the core-shell Structure of the micelles as well as their correlation as a function of temperature. The segmental dynamics of the PNIPAM shell are studied as a function of temperature and arc found to be faster in the collapsed state than in the swollen state. The mode detected has a linear dispersion in q(2) and is found to be faster in the collapsed state as compared to the swollen state. We attribute this result to the averaging over mobile and immobilized segments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BivigouKoumbaGoernitzLaschewskyetal.2010,
  author    = {Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Goernitz, Eckhard and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter and Papadakis, Christine M.},
  title     = {Thermoresponsive amphiphilic symmetrical triblock copolymers with a hydrophilic middle block made of poly(N- isopropylacrylamide) : synthesis, self-organization, and hydrogel formation},
  issn      = {0303-402X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00396-009-2179-9},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Several series of symmetrical triblock copolymers were synthesized by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer method. They consist of a long block of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as hydrophilic, thermoresponsive middle block, which is end-capped by two small strongly hydrophobic blocks made from five different vinyl polymers. The association of the amphiphilic polymers was studied in dilute and concentrated aqueous solution. The polymer micelles found at low concentrations form hydrogels at high concentrations, typically above 30-35 wt.\%. Hydrogel formation and the thermosensitive rheological behavior were studied exemplarily for copolymers with hydrophobic blocks of polystyrene, poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), and poly(n-octadecyl acrylate). All systems exhibited a cloud point around 30 A degrees C. Heating beyond the cloud point initially favors hydrogel formation but continued heating results in macroscopic phase separation. The rheological behavior suggests that the copolymers associate into flower-like micelles, with only a small share of polymers that bridge the micelles and act as physical cross-linkers, even at high concentrations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzSieversBodenthinetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarz, Guntram and Sievers, Torsten K. and Bodenthin, Yves and Hasslauer, Ires and Geue, Thomas and Koetz, Joachim and Kurth, Dirk G.},
  title     = {The structure of metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes in solution and on surfaces},
  issn      = {0959-9428},
  doi       = {10.1039/B926783b},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Metal ion induced self-assembly of the rigid ligand 1,4-bis(2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine- 4'-yl) benzene (1) with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) acetate in aqueous solution results in extended, rigid- rod like metallosupramolecular coordination polyelectrolytes (MEPE-1). Under the current experimental conditions the molar masses range from 1000 g mol(-1) up to 500 000 g mol(-1). The molar mass depends on concentration, stoichiometry, metal-ion and time. In addition, we present viscosity measurements, small angle neutron scattering and AFM data. We introduce a protocol to precisely control the stoichiometry during self-assembly using conductometry. The protocol can be used with different terpyridine ligands and the above-mentioned metal ions and is of paramount importance to obtain meaningful and reproducible results. As a control experiment we studied the mononuclear 4'- (phenyl)2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine (3) complex with Ni(II) and Zn(II) and the flexible ligand 1,3- bis[4'-oxa(2,2': 6',2 ''-terpyridinyl)] propane (2) with Ni(II) acetate (Ni-MEPE-2). This ligand does not form extended macroassemblies but likely ring-like structures with 3 to 4 repeat units. Through spin- coating of Ni-MEPE-1 on a solid surface we can image the MEPEs in real space by AFM. SANS measurements of Fe-MEPE-1 verify the extended rigid-rod type structure of the MEPEs in aqueous solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtWernerKellingetal.2010,
  author    = {Schmidt, Bernd and Werner, Frank and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe},
  title     = {The reaction of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran with oxalyl chloride : formation and crystal structure analysis of an unexpected bicyclic product},
  issn      = {0022-152X},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {3,4-Dihydro-2-H-pyran and oxalyl chloride react, depending on the conditions, to keto esters, a pyran-3- carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or to an hitherto unknown bicyclic acetal containing a vinyl chloride moiety. The structure of the latter product has been unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. A mechanism for its formation is proposed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrehmelRexhausenStrauchetal.2010,
  author    = {Strehmel, Veronika and Rexhausen, Hans and Strauch, Peter and Strehmer, Bernd},
  title     = {Temperature dependence of interactions between stable piperidine-1-yloxyl derivatives and a semicrystalline ionic liquid},
  issn      = {1439-4235},
  doi       = {10.1002/cphc.200900977},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl and its derivatives with hydrogen-bond-forming (-OH, -OSO3H), anionic (-OSO3- bearing K+ or [K(18-crown-6)](+) as counter ion), or cationic (-N+-(CH3)(3) bearing I-, BF4-, PF6- or N- (SO2CF3)(2) as counter ion) substituents are investigated in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the ionic liquid is well described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation. Interestingly, the temperature dependence of the rotational correlation time of the spin probes substituted with either a hydrogen-bond-forming group or an ionic substituent can be described using the Stokes-Einstein equation. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the rotational correlation time of the spin probe without an additional substituent at the 4-position to the nitroxyl group does not follow this trend. The activation energy for the mobility of the unsubstituted spin probe, determined from an Arrhenius plot of the spin-probe mobility in the ionic liquid above the melting temperature, is comparable with the activation energy for the viscous flow of the ionic liquid, but is higher for spin probes bearing an additional substituent at the 4-position. Quantum chemical calculations of the spin probes using the 6-31G+d method give information about the rotational volume of the spin probes and the spin density at the nitrogen atom of the radical structure as a function of the substituent at the spin probes in the presence and absence of a counter ion. The results of these calculations help in understanding the effect of the additional substituent on the experimentally determined isotropic hyperfine coupling constant.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kleineidam2010,
  author    = {Kleineidam, Anja Melanie},
  title     = {Sythese und Verhalten von abbaubaren Fluortensiden},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {X [XI], 155 Bl. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwarzeMicklerDoscheetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Mickler, Wulfhard and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Systematic investigation of photoinduced electron transfer controlled by internal charge transfer and its consequences for selective PdCl2 coordination},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.200902281},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Fluoroionophores of fluorophore-spacer-receptor format were prepared for detection of PdCl2 by fluorescence enhancement. The fluorophore probes 1-13 consist of a fluorophore group, in alkyl spacer and a dithiomaleonitrile PdCl2 receptor. First, varying the length of the alkylene spacer (compounds 1-3) revealed, dominant through-space pathway for oxidative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in CH2-bridged dithiomaleonitrile fluoroionophores. Second. fluorescent probes 4-9 containing two anthracene or pyrene fragments connected through CH2 bridges to the dithiomaleonitrile unit were synthesized. Modulation of the oxidation potential (E-Ox) through electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on the anthracene moiety regulates file thermodynamic driving force for oxidative PET (Delta G(PET)) in bis(anthrylmethylthio)maleonitriles and therefore the fluorescence quantum yields (Phi(f)), too. The new concept was confirmed and transferred to pyrenyl ligands, and fluorescence enhancements (FE) greater than 3.2 in the presence of PdCl2 were achieved by 7 and 8 (FE=5.4 and 5.2). Finally, for comparison, monofluorophore ligands 10-13 were synthesized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzeMicklerDoscheetal.2010,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Mickler, Wulfhard and Dosche, Carsten and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd and Saalfrank, Peter and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Systematic investigation of photoinduced electron transfer controlled by internal charge transfer and its consequences for selective PdCl2 coordination},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Fluoroionophores of fluorophore-spacer-receptor format were prepared for detection of PdCl2 by fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescent probes 1-13 consist of a fluorophore group, an alkyl spacer and a dithiomaleonitrile PdCl2 receptor. First, varying the length of the alkylene spacer (compounds 1-3) revealed a dominant through-space pathway for oxidative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in CH2-bridged dithiomaleonitrile fluoroionophores. Second, fluorescent probes 4-9 containing two anthracene or pyrene fragments connected through CH2 bridges to the dithiomaleonitrile unit were synthesized. Modulation of the oxidation potential (EOx) through electron-withdrawing or -donating groups on the anthracene moiety regulates the thermodynamic driving force for oxidative PET (GPET) in bis(anthrylmethylthio)maleonitriles and therefore the fluorescence quantum yields (f), too. The new concept was confirmed and transferred to pyrenyl ligands, and fluorescence enhancements (FE) greater than 3.2 in the presence of PdCl2 were achieved by 7 and 8 (FE=5.4 and 5.2). Finally, for comparison, monofluorophore ligands 10-13 were synthesized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SkrabaniavonBerlepschBoettcheretal.2010,
  author    = {Skrabania, Katja and von Berlepsch, Hans and B{\"o}ttcher, Christoph and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Synthesis of ternary, hydrophilic-lipophilic-fluorophilic block copolymers by consecutive RAFT polymerizations and their self-assembly into multicompartment micelles},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma901913f},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Linear amphiphilic diblock and ternary triblock copolymers were synthesized by the RAFT method in three Successive Steps, using oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether acrylate, butyl or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate. The diblock and the triblock copolymers, which consist of a hydrophilic, a lipophilic, and a fluorophilic block, self-assemble in water into spherical micellar aggregates. Imaging by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) revealed that the cores of the micellar aggregates made from these "triphilic" copolymers undergo local phase separation to form various ultrastructures, which depend sensitivity on the given block sequence. While the sequence hydrophilic-lipophilic-fluorophilic resulted in multicompartment cores with core-shell-corona morphology, the sequence lipophilic-hydrophilic-fluorophilic provided new "patched double micelle" and larger "soccer ball" structures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Chanana2010,
  author    = {Chanana, Munish},
  title     = {Synthesis of stimuli-responsive and switchable inorganic nanoparticles for biomedical applications},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {128, E-1 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SengeShakerPinteaetal.2010,
  author    = {Senge, Mathias O. and Shaker, Yasser M. and Pintea, Monica and Ryppa, Claudia and Hatscher, Sabine S. and Ryan, Aoife and Sergeeva, Yulia},
  title     = {Synthesis of meso-substituted ABCD-Type porphyrins by functionalization reactions},
  issn      = {1434-193X},
  doi       = {10.1002/ejoc.200901113},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the search for synthetic methods leading to functionalized porphyrins, especially for modification of either the beta- or meso positions. For the latter, total synthesis based on condensation methods or partial synthesis through functionalization of preformed porphyrin have emerged as possible methods. The increasing number of possible technical and medicinal applications for unsymmetrically meso-substituted porphyrins requires straightforward methods for the preparation of the so-called ABCD-porphyrins, i.e., porphyrins with up to four different meso substituents. Here, we describe new strategies for the synthesis of ABCD-type porphyrins based on porphyrin reactions with organolithium reagents and the use of Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. With the whole repertoire of contemporary functionalization methods, a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the various strategies for A-, AB-, A(2)B-, ABC-, A(2)BC- and ABCD-type porphyrins is given. In addition, we report on the synthesis of new functionalized derivatives for some of these porphyrin classes. In practical terms and taking an applied-science- oriented approach, the synthesis of unsymmetrically meso-substituted porphyrins is best accomplished by a combination of well-developed condensation methods with subsequent functionalization. by organolithium compounds or transition-metal- catalyzed coupling protocols. The methods described are suitable for the preparation of porphyrins for many divergent applications ranging over amphiphilic porphyrins for photodynamic therapy, push-pull systems for optical applications and chiral systems useful in catalysis to donor-acceptor systems suitable for electron-transfer studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CywinskiIdzikCranfieldetal.2010,
  author    = {Cywinski, Piotr J. and Idzik, Krzysztof R. and Cranfield, Charles G. and Beckert, Rainer and Mohr, Gerhard J.},
  title     = {Synthesis and sensing properties of a new carbazole fluorosensor for detection of abacavir},
  issn      = {1061-0278},
  doi       = {10.1080/10610278.2010.506541},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {An abacavir-targeted fluorosensor based on the carbazole moiety has been synthesised and characterised. Recognition of abacavir is by base pairing between a uracil moiety present in the fluorosensor and the guanine moiety of abacavir. The fluorosensor exhibits five-fold quenching in the presence of 50M abacavir. Its sensitivity to abacavir is superior to that of other reverse transcriptase inhibitors: zidovudine, lamivudine and didanosine. Due to its high sensitivity, this fluorosensor has the potential to be used in multi-analyte array-based detection platforms as well as in microfluidics systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Thesen2010,
  author    = {Thesen, Manuel Wolfram},
  title     = {Synthese und Charakterisierung von phosphoreszenten Terpolymeren und nichtkonjugierten Matrixpolymeren f{\"u}r effiziente polymere Leuchtdioden},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51709},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Mit Seitenkettenpolystyrenen wurde ein neues Synthesekonzept f{\"u}r phosphoreszente polymere LED-Materialien aufgestellt und experimentell verifiziert. Zun{\"a}chst erfolgten auf Grundlage strukturell einfacher Verbindungen Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Spacern zwischen aktiven Seitengruppen und dem Polystyrenr{\"u}ckgrat. Es wurden Synthesemethoden f{\"u}r die Monomere etabliert, durch die aktive Elemente - Elektronen- und Lochleiter - mit und ohne diesen Spacer zug{\"a}nglich sind. Durch Kombination dieser Monomere waren unter Hinzunahme von polymerisierbaren Iridium-Komplexen in unterschiedlicher Emissionswellenl{\"a}nge statistische Terpolymere darstellbar. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Realisierung bestimmter Verh{\"a}ltnisse zwischen Loch-, Elektronenleiter und Triplettemitter in ausreichender Molmasse m{\"o}glich ist. Die Glasstufen der Polymere zeigten eine deutliche Strukturabh{\"a}ngigkeit. Auf die Lage der Grenzorbitale {\"u}bten die Spacer nahezu keinen Einfluss aus. Die unterschiedlichen Makromolek{\"u}le kamen in polymeren Licht emittierenden Dioden (PLEDs) zum Einsatz, wobei ein deutlicher Einfluss der Spacereinheiten auf die Leistungscharakteristik der PLEDs festzustellen war: Sowohl Effizienz, Leuchtdichte wie auch Stromdichte waren durch den Einsatz der kompakten Makromolek{\"u}le ohne Spacer deutlich h{\"o}her. Diese Beobachtungen begr{\"u}ndeten sich haupts{\"a}chlich in der Verwendung der aliphatischen Spacer, die den Anteil im Polymer erh{\"o}hten, der keine Konjugation und damit elektrisch isolierende Eigenschaften besaß. Diese Schlussfolgerungen waren mit allen drei realisierten Emissionsfarben gr{\"u}n, rot und blau verifizierbar. Die besten Messergebnisse erzielte eine PLED aus einem gr{\"u}n emittierenden und spacerlosen Terpolymer mit einer Stromeffizienz von etwa 28 cd A-1 (bei 6 V) und einer Leuchtdichte von 3200 cd m-2 (bei 8 V). Ausgehend von obigen Ergebnissen konnten neue Matrixmaterialien aus dem Bereich verdampfbarer Molek{\"u}le geringer Molmasse in das Polystyrenseitenkettenkonzept integriert werden. Es wurden Strukturvariationen sowohl von loch- wie auch von elektronenleitenden Verbindungen als Homopolymere dargestellt und als molekular dotierte Systeme in PLEDs untersucht. Sieben verschiedene lochleitende Polymere mit Triarylamin-Grundk{\"o}rper und drei elektronendefizit{\"a}re Polymere auf der Basis von Phenylbenzimidazol konnten erfolgreich in den Polymeransatz integriert werden. Spektroskopische und elektrochemische Untersuchungen zeigten kaum eine Ver{\"a}nderung der Charakteristika zwischen verdampfbaren Molek{\"u}len und den dargestellten Makromolek{\"u}len. Diese ladungstransportierenden Makro-molek{\"u}le wurden als polymere Matrizes molekular dotiert und l{\"o}sungsbasiert zu Einschicht-PLEDs verarbeitet. Als aussichtsreichstes Lochleiterpolymer dieser Reihe, mit einer Strom-effizenz von etwa 33 cd A-1 (bei 8 V) und einer Leuchtdichte von 6700 cd m-2 (bei 10 V), stellte sich ein Triarylaminderivat mit Carbazolsubstituenten heraus. Als geeignetstes Matrixmaterial f{\"u}r die Elektronenleitung wurde ein meta-verkn{\"u}pftes Di-Phenylbenzimidazol ausfindig gemacht, das in der PLED eine Stromeffizienz von etwa 20 cd A-1 (bei 8 V) und eine Leuchtdichte von 7100 cd m-2 (bei 10 V) erzielte. Anschließend wurden die geeignetsten Monomere zu Copolymeren kombiniert: Die lochleitende Einheit bildete ein carbazolylsubstituiertes Triarylamin und die elektronen-leitende Einheit war ein disubstituiertes Phenylbenzimidazol. Dieses Copolymer diente im Folgenden dazu, PLEDs zu realisieren und die Leistungsdaten mit denen eines Homopolymer-blends zu vergleichen, wobei der Blend die bessere Leistungscharakteristik zeigte. Mit dem Homopolymerblend waren Bauteileffizienzen von ann{\"a}hernd 30 cd A-1 (bei 10 V) und Leuchtdichten von 6800 cd m-2 neben einer Verringerung der Einsatzspannung realisierbar. F{\"u}r die abschließende Darstellung bipolarer Blockcopolymere wurde auf die Nitroxid-vermittelte Polymerisation zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Mit dieser Technik waren kontrollierte radikalische Polymersiationen mit ausgew{\"a}hlten Monomeren in unterschiedlichen Block-l{\"a}ngen durchf{\"u}hrbar. Diese Blockcopolymere kamen als molekular dotierte Matrizes in phosphoreszenten gr{\"u}n emittierenden PLEDs zum Einsatz. Die Bauteile wurden sowohl mit statistischen Copolymeren, wie auch mit Homopolymerblends in gleicher Zusammensetzung aber unterschiedlichem Polymerisationsgrad hinsichtlich der Leistungscharakteristik verglichen. Kernaussage dieser Untersuchungen ist, dass hochmolekulare Systeme eine bessere Leistungscharakteristik aufweisen als niedermolekulare Matrizes. {\"U}ber Rasterkraft-mikroskopie konnte eine Phasenseparation in einem Gr{\"o}ßenbereich von etwa 10 nm f{\"u}r den hochmolekularen Homopolymerblend nachgewiesen werden. F{\"u}r die Blockcopolymere war es nicht m{\"o}glich eine Phasenseparation zu beobachten, was vorwiegend auf deren zu geringe Blockl{\"a}nge zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt wurde.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WangKaunePerlichetal.2010,
  author    = {Wang, Weijia and Kaune, Gunar and Perlich, Jan and Paradakis, Christine M. and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Schlage, K. and R{\"o}hlsberger, Ralf and Roth, Stephan V. and Cubitt, Robert and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter},
  title     = {Swelling and switching kinetics of gold coated end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) thin films},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/Ma902637a},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Thin thermoresponsive hydrogel films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) end-capped with n-butyltrithiocarbonate(nbc- PNIPAM) oil si I icon supports with a gold layer on top, causing an asymmetric confinement, are investigated. For two different gold layer thicknesses (nominally 0.4 and 5 rim), the swelling and switching kinetics are probed with in situ neutron reflectivity. With a temperature jump from 23 to 40 degrees C the film is switched from a swollen into a collapsed state. For the thin gold layer this switching is faster as compared to the thick gold layer. The switching is a two-step process of water release and a subsequent structural relaxation. fit swelling and deswelling cycles, aging of the films is probed. After five cycles, the film exhibits enhanced water storage capacity. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that these gold coated nbc-PNIPAM films do not age with respect to the inner structure but slightly roughen at the gold surface. As revealed by atomic force microscopy, the morphology of the gold layer is changed by the water uptake and release.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zhao2010,
  author    = {Zhao, Li},
  title     = {Sustainable approaches towards novel nitrogen-doped carbonaceous structures},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {136 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}