@article{AntoniouPashalidisGessneretal.2011,
  author    = {Antoniou, Stella and Pashalidis, I. and Gessner, Andre and Kumke, Michael Uwe},
  title     = {The effect of humic acid on the formation and solubility of secondary solid phases (Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3)},
  series = {Radiochimica acta : international journal for chemical aspects of nuclear science and technology},
  volume    = {99},
  journal   = {Radiochimica acta : international journal for chemical aspects of nuclear science and technology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0033-8230},
  doi       = {10.1524/ract.2011.1812},
  pages     = {217 -- 223},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The formation of secondary Ln(III) solid phases (e.g. Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3) has been studied as a function of the humic acid (HA) concentration in 0.1 M NaClO4 aqueous solution and their solubility has been investigated in the neutral pH range (6.5-8) under normal atmospheric conditions. Nd(III) and Sm(III) were selected as analogues for trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions. The solid phases under investigation have been prepared by alkaline precipitation and characterized by TGA, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TRLFS, DR-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicate that Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3 are stable and remain the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased HA concentration (0.5 g/L) in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln(III)-HA system decomplexation of the previously formed Ln(III)-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurs, the inorganic (Ln(OH)CO3) and the organic phase (HA), which is adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, HA affects the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing HA concentration results in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd(OH)CO3 and increasing crystallite size of the Sm(OH)CO3 solid phase, and affects inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties is expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AntoniouPashalidisGessneretal.2011,
  author    = {Antoniou, Stella and Pashalidis, Ioannis and Gessner, Andre and Kumke, Michael Uwe},
  title     = {Spectroscopic investigations on the effect of humic acid on the formation and solubility of secondary solid phases of Ln(2)(CO3)(3)},
  series = {Journal of rare earths},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Journal of rare earths},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1002-0721},
  doi       = {10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60490-5},
  pages     = {516 -- 521},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The formation of secondary Ln(III) solid phases (e.g., Nd-2(CO3)(3) and Sm-2(CO3)(3)) was studied as a function of the humic acid concentration in 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 aqueous solution in the neutral pH range (5-6.5). The solid phases under investigation were prepared by alkaline precipitation under 100\% CO2 atmosphere and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR-UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicated that Nd-2(CO3)(3) and Sm-2(CO3)(3) were stable and remained the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased humic acid concentration (0.5 g/L) in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln(III)-HA system, decomplexation of the previously formed Ln(III)-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurred, the inorganic (Ln(2)(CO3)(3)) and the organic phase (HA), which was adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, humic acid affected the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing humic acid concentration resulted in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd-2(CO3)(3) and increasing crystallite size of the Sm-2(CO3)(3) solid phase, and affected inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties was expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.},
  language  = {en}
}