@misc{CiaccioClahsen2019, author = {Ciaccio, Laura Anna and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Variability and consistency in first and second language processing}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51772}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517727}, pages = {36}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + -ed/-er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers. Open Practices This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science.}, language = {en} } @misc{RubergRothweilerVerissimoetal.2019, author = {Ruberg, Tobias and Rothweiler, Monika and Ver{\´i}ssimo, Jo{\~a}o Marques and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51809}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518095}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not.}, language = {en} } @article{RubergRothweilerVerissimoetal.2019, author = {Ruberg, Tobias and Rothweiler, Monika and Ver{\´i}ssimo, Jo{\~a}o Marques and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Childhood bilingualism and Specific Language Impairment}, series = {Bilingualism: Language and Cognition}, volume = {23}, journal = {Bilingualism: Language and Cognition}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1366-7289}, doi = {10.1017/S1366728919000580}, pages = {668 -- 680}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study addresses the question of whether and how growing up with more than one language shapes a child's language impairment. Our focus is on Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in bilingual (Turkish-German) children. We specifically investigated a range of phenomena related to the so-called CP (Complementizer Phrase) in German, the hierarchically highest layer of syntactic clause structure, which has been argued to be particularly affected in children with SLI. Spontaneous speech data were examined from bilingual children with SLI in comparison to two comparison groups: (i) typically-developing bilingual children, (ii) monolingual children with SLI. We found that despite persistent difficulty with subject-verb agreement, the two groups of children with SLI did not show any impairment of the CP-domain. We conclude that while subject-verb agreement is a suitable linguistic marker of SLI in German-speaking children, for both monolingual and bilingual ones, 'vulnerability of the CP-domain' is not.}, language = {en} } @article{HoehleBijeljacBabicNazzi2019, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka and Nazzi, Thierry}, title = {Variability and stability in early language acquisition}, series = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, volume = {23}, journal = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1366-7289}, doi = {10.1017/S1366728919000348}, pages = {56 -- 71}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Many human infants grow up learning more than one language simultaneously but only recently has research started to study early language acquisition in this population more systematically. The paper gives an overview on findings on early language acquisition in bilingual infants during the first two years of life and compares these findings to current knowledge on early language acquisition in monolingual infants. Given the state of the research, the overview focuses on research on phonological and early lexical development in the first two years of life. We will show that the developmental trajectory of early language acquisition in these areas is very similar in mono- and bilingual infants suggesting that these early steps into language are guided by mechanisms that are rather robust against the differences in the conditions of language exposure that mono- and bilingual infants typically experience.}, language = {en} } @article{Felser2019, author = {Felser, Claudia}, title = {Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars?}, series = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, volume = {23}, journal = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1366-7289}, doi = {10.1017/S1366728919000397}, pages = {23 -- 24}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sotiropoulou2019, author = {Sotiropoulou, Stavroula}, title = {Pleiotropy of phonetic indices in the expression of syllabic organization}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54639}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546399}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 184}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This dissertation is concerned with the relation between qualitative phonological organization in the form of syllabic structure and continuous phonetics, that is, the spatial and temporal dimensions of vocal tract action that express syllabic structure. The main claim of the dissertation is twofold. First, we argue that syllabic organization exerts multiple effects on the spatio-temporal properties of the segments that partake in that organization. That is, there is no unique or privileged exponent of syllabic organization. Rather, syllabic organization is expressed in a pleiotropy of phonetic indices. Second, we claim that a better understanding of the relation between qualitative phonological organization and continuous phonetics is reached when one considers how the string of segments (over which the nature of the phonological organization is assessed) responds to perturbations (scaling of phonetic variables) of localized properties (such as durations) within that string. Specifically, variation in phonetic variables and more specifically prosodic variation is a crucial key to understanding the nature of the link between (phonological) syllabic organization and the phonetic spatio-temporal manifestation of that organization. The effects of prosodic variation on segmental properties and on the overlap between the segments, we argue, offer the right pathway to discover patterns related to syllabic organization. In our approach, to uncover evidence for global organization, the sequence of segments partaking in that organization as well as properties of these segments or their relations with one another must be somehow locally varied. The consequences of such variation on the rest of the sequence can then be used to unveil the span of organization. When local perturbations to segments or relations between adjacent segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence, this is evidence that organization is global. If instead local perturbations stay local with no consequences for the rest of the whole, this indicates that organization is local.}, language = {en} } @article{LarteyTsiwahAmponsahetal.2019, author = {Lartey, Nathaniel and Tsiwah, Frank and Amponsah, Clement and Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism}, series = {Aphasiology}, volume = {34}, journal = {Aphasiology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1080/02687038.2019.1686746}, pages = {343 -- 364}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods \& Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes \& Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.}, language = {en} } @misc{LarteyTsiwahAmponsahetal.2019, author = {Lartey, Nathaniel and Tsiwah, Frank and Amponsah, Clement and Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52529}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525296}, pages = {24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods \& Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes \& Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZarriessSchlangen2019, author = {Zarriess, Sina and Schlangen, David}, title = {Objects of Unknown Categories}, series = {The 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics}, journal = {The 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Stroudsburg}, isbn = {978-1-950737-48-2}, pages = {654 -- 659}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Zero-shot learning in Language \& Vision is the task of correctly labelling (or naming) objects of novel categories. Another strand of work in L\&V aims at pragmatically informative rather than "correct" object descriptions, e.g. in reference games. We combine these lines of research and model zero-shot reference games, where a speaker needs to successfully refer to a novel object in an image. Inspired by models of "rational speech acts", we extend a neural generator to become a pragmatic speaker reasoning about uncertain object categories. As a result of this reasoning, the generator produces fewer nouns and names of distractor categories as compared to a literal speaker. We show that this conversational strategy for dealing with novel objects often improves communicative success, in terms of resolution accuracy of an automatic listener.}, language = {en} } @article{CiaccioClahsen2019, author = {Ciaccio, Laura Anna and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Variability and consistency in first and second language processing}, series = {Language Learning}, volume = {70}, journal = {Language Learning}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0023-8333}, doi = {10.1111/lang.12370}, pages = {103 -- 136}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + -ed/-er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers. Open Practices This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at . Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: .}, language = {en} } @article{Fominyam2019, author = {Fominyam, Henry Zamchang}, title = {Inverting the subject in Awing}, series = {Italian Journal of Linguistics}, volume = {30}, journal = {Italian Journal of Linguistics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Pacini}, address = {Pisa}, issn = {1120-2726}, doi = {10.26346/1120-2726-128}, pages = {159 -- 186}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper addresses the morpho-phonological, syntactic and pragmatic properties of postverbal subject constructions in Awing. Analogous to other inversion constructions in Bantu literature (Marten \& Van der Wal 2014), Awing has a construction in which the subject occurs immediately after the verb, resulting in a subject or sentence focus interpretation. However in Awing, crucially, a VSX clause cannot host a subject marker, but must contain a certain le morpheme in sentence-initial position. Following Baker (2003) and Collins (2004), I argue that the subject marker triggers movement of the subject from Spec/vP, explaining why it is banned in VSX clauses. I further claim that although the subject is interpreted as focus, it is not in a lower focus phrase (Belletti 2004), but rather trapped in Spec/vP. Awing postverbal subject constructions also exhibit verb doubling: VSVO. I argue that verb doubling is due to Case requirement: In canonical SVO clauses the subject marker and the verb value the nominative and accusative Cases, respectively. In VSVO constructions, on the contrary, the verb values both nominative and accusative Cases, thus forcing syntax to spell out two copies of the same verb.}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2019, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Le tournant s{\´e}miotique du d{\´e}but du XX{\`e}me si{\`e}cle}, series = {Historiographia Linguistica}, volume = {46}, journal = {Historiographia Linguistica}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0302-5160}, doi = {10.1075/hl.00039.has}, pages = {85 -- 100}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Le centenaire de la publication du Cours de linguistique g{\´e}n{\´e}rale (1916) de Ferdinand de Saussure nous a invit{\´e} {\`a} reconsid{\´e}rer l'importance de cet ouvrage et le r{\^o}le de son auteur pour la fondation d'une linguistique int{\´e}gr{\´e}e dans une s{\´e}miologie. Il n'y a aucun doute que cet auteur fut extr{\^e}mement important pour le d{\´e}veloppement de la linguistique structurale en Europe et qu'avec son concept du signe linguistique il a fait œuvre de pionnier pour le tournant s{\´e}miologique. Mais l'accueil favorable d'une th{\´e}orie dans le milieu scientifique ne s'explique pas seulement par sa qualit{\´e} int{\´e}rieure, mais par plusieurs conditions ext{\´e}rieures. Ces conditions seront analys{\´e}es sur trois plans: (1) l'arriv{\´e}e de la m{\´e}thode des n{\´e}ogrammairiens {\`a} ses limites qui incitait alors {\`a} l'{\´e}tude de l'unit{\´e} du signifiant et du signifi{\´e}; (2) la simplification et l'outrance de la pens{\´e}e structurale dans le Cours, publi{\´e} en 1916 par Charles Bally et Albert Sechehaye et (3) la pr{\´e}paration de la r{\´e}ception de la pens{\´e}e s{\´e}miologique par plusieurs travaux parall{\`e}les.}, language = {fr} } @article{RenansDeVeaughGeiss2019, author = {Renans, Agata and De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P.}, title = {Experimental Studies on it-Clefts and Predicate Interpretation}, series = {Semantics and pragmatics}, volume = {12}, journal = {Semantics and pragmatics}, publisher = {Linguistic Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1937-8912}, doi = {10.3765/sp.12.11}, pages = {50}, year = {2019}, abstract = {There is an ongoing discussion in the literature whether the series of sentences 'It's not α that did P. α and β did P.' is acceptable or not. Whereas the homogeneity approach in B{\"u}ring \& Križ 2013, Križ 2016, and Križ 2017 predicts these sentences to be unacceptable, the alternative-based approach predicts acceptability depending on the predicate being interpreted distributively or non- distributively (among others, Horn 1981, Velleman et al. 2012, Renans 2016a,b). We report on three experiments testing the predictions of both types of approaches. These studies provide empirical data that not only bears on these approaches, but also allows us to distinguish between different accounts of cleft exhaustivity that might otherwise make the same predictions. The results of the three studies reported here suggest that the acceptability of clefts depends on the interpretation of the predicate, thereby posing a serious challenge to the homogeneity approach, and contributing to the ongoing discussion on the semantics of it-clefts.}, language = {en} } @article{StedeSchefflerMendes2019, author = {Stede, Manfred and Scheffler, Tatjana and Mendes, Amalia}, title = {Connective-Lex}, series = {Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique}, journal = {Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique}, number = {24}, publisher = {Universit{\´e} de Paris-Sorbonne}, address = {Paris}, issn = {1963-1723}, doi = {10.4000/discours.10098}, pages = {36}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In this paper, we present a tangible outcome of the TextLink network: a joint online database project displaying and linking existing and newly-created lexicons of discourse connectives in multiple languages. We discuss the definition and demarcation of the class of connectives that should be included in such a resource, and present the syntactic, semantic/pragmatic, and lexicographic information we collected. Further, the technical implementation of the database and the search functionality are presented. We discuss how the multilingual integration of several connective lexicons provides added value for linguistic researchers and other users interested in connectives, by allowing crosslinguistic comparison and a direct linking between discourse relational devices in different languages. Finally, we provide pointers for possible future extensions both in breadth (i.e., by adding lexicons for additional languages) and depth (by extending the information provided for each connective item and by strengthening the crosslinguistic links).}, language = {en} } @misc{OfnerStober2019, author = {Ofner, Andre and Stober, Sebastian}, title = {Hybrid variational predictive coding as a bridge between human and artificial cognition}, series = {ALIFE 2019: The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life}, journal = {ALIFE 2019: The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, pages = {68 -- 69}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Predictive coding and its generalization to active inference offer a unified theory of brain function. The underlying predictive processing paradigmhas gained significant attention in artificial intelligence research for its representation learning and predictive capacity. Here, we suggest that it is possible to integrate human and artificial generative models with a predictive coding network that processes sensations simultaneously with the signature of predictive coding found in human neuroimaging data. We propose a recurrent hierarchical predictive coding model that predicts low-dimensional representations of stimuli, electroencephalogram and physiological signals with variational inference. We suggest that in a shared environment, such hybrid predictive coding networks learn to incorporate the human predictive model in order to reduce prediction error. We evaluate the model on a publicly available EEG dataset of subjects watching one-minute long video excerpts. Our initial results indicate that the model can be trained to predict visual properties such as the amount, distance and motion of human subjects in videos.}, language = {en} } @article{HallMalabarbaKimura2019, author = {Hall, Joan Kelly and Malabarba, Taiane and Kimura, Daisuke}, title = {What's Symmetrical?}, series = {The Embodied Work of Teaching}, volume = {75}, journal = {The Embodied Work of Teaching}, publisher = {Multilingual Matters}, address = {Bristol}, isbn = {978-1-78892-548-8}, doi = {10.21832/9781788925501-006}, pages = {37 -- 56}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This chapter investigates teacher management of learner turns in an American second-grade classroom during a read-aloud activity. A read-aloud is a whole-group instructional activity which involves a teacher read-ing aloud a book to a cohort of students as they listen (Tainio \& Slotte, 2017). Using ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA) and drawing on the concepts of alignment and affi liation (Steensig, 2012; Stivers, 2008; Stivers et al., 2011), we investigate how embodied practices such as gaze, facial expressions, body positioning and gestures in addition to verbal practices are used by the teacher separately and together to respond to learner turns in ways that keep the learners aff ectively engaged and, at the same time, ensure the orderly progression of the lesson. Our analysis shows that teacher cooperative management of learners' turns involves: (1) orient-ing to them as affi liative tokens in order to neutralize their disaligning force while still treating learners as cooperative participants in the activity; and (2) managing turns not only according to their sequential positions and the actions they project but, just as importantly, to the larger instructional proj-ect being accomplished. The study contributes to the re-specifi cation of the everyday grounds of teaching in order to broaden understandings of the specialized nature of such work (Macbeth, 2014).}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerMachicaoyPriemer2019, author = {M{\"u}ller, Stefan and Machicao y Priemer, Antonio}, title = {Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar}, series = {Current Approaches to Syntax : a comparative handbook}, volume = {3}, journal = {Current Approaches to Syntax : a comparative handbook}, publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-054025-3}, doi = {10.1515/9783110540253-012}, pages = {317 -- 359}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar is a constraint-based theory. It uses features and values to model linguistic objects. Values may be complex, e. g. consist of feature values pairs themselves. The paper shows that such feature value pairs together with identity of values and relations between feature values are sufficient to develop a complete linguistic theory including all linguistic levels of description. The paper explains the goals of researchers working in the framework and the way they deal with data and motivate their analyses. The framework is explained with respect to an example sentence that involves the following phenomena: valence, constituent structure, adjunction/modification, raising, case assignment, nonlocal dependencies, relative clauses.}, language = {en} } @article{Aldrup2019, author = {Aldrup, Marit}, title = {Well let me put it uhm the other way around maybe'}, series = {Classroom discourse}, volume = {10}, journal = {Classroom discourse}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1946-3014}, doi = {10.1080/19463014.2019.1567360}, pages = {46 -- 70}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study is concerned with repair practices that a teacher and students employ to restore intersubjectivity when faced with interactional problems in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom. Adopting a conversation analytic (CA) approach, it examines the interactional treatment of students' verbal and embodied trouble displays in a video-recorded, teacher-fronted geography lesson held in English at a German high school. At the same time, it explores to what extent the repair practices employed are fitted to this specific interactional context. The analysis shows that students' verbal trouble displays often result in extensive repair sequences, whereas students' embodied trouble displays are usually met with teacher self-repair in the transition space. In this way, the latter are resolved much earlier and more quickly. The study further reveals practices like reformulation and translation to be especially useful for repairing interactional problems in classrooms in which a foreign language is used as the medium of instruction. The findings may be of interest for prospective as well as practicing teachers in that they provide relevant insights into how interactional trouble can be successfully managed in (CLIL) classroom interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{AlxatibSauerland2019, author = {Alxatib, Sam and Sauerland, Ulrich}, title = {Vagueness}, series = {The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics}, journal = {The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.24}, pages = {28}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Though vague phenomena have been studied extensively for many decades, it is only in recent years that researchers sought the support of quantitative data. This chapter highlights and discusses the insights that experimental methods brought to the study of vagueness. One area focused on are 'borderline contradictions', that is, sentences like 'She is neither tall nor not tall' that are contradictory when analysed in classical logic, but are actually acceptable as descriptions of borderline cases. The flourishing of theories and experimental studies that borderline contradictions have led to are examined closely. Beyond this illustrative case, an overview of recent studies that concern the classification of types of vagueness, the use of numbers, rounding, number modification, and the general pragmatic status of vagueness is provided.}, language = {en} } @article{Michl2019, author = {Michl, Diana}, title = {Metonymies are more literal than metaphors}, series = {Language and cognition : an interdisciplinary journal of language and cognitive science}, volume = {11}, journal = {Language and cognition : an interdisciplinary journal of language and cognitive science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1866-9808}, doi = {10.1017/langcog.2019.7}, pages = {98 -- 124}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Metaphor and metonymy are likely the most common forms of non-literal language. As metaphor and metonymy differ conceptually and in how easy they are to comprehend, it seems likely that they also differ in their degree of non-literalness. They frequently occur in idioms which are foremost non-literal, fixed expressions. Given that non-literalness seems to be the defining criterion of what constitutes an idiom, it is striking that no study so far has focused specifically on differing non-literalness in idioms. It is unclear whether and how metaphoric and metonymic structures and their properties are perceived in idioms, given that the comprehension of idioms is driven by a number of other properties that are connected. This study divides idioms according to their metonymic or metaphoric structure and lets participants rate their non-literalness, familiarity, and transparency. It focuses on non-literalness as key property, finds it strongly connected to transparency, and to be the one key factor in predicting idiom type. Specifically, it reveals that metonymies are generally perceived as rather or even extremely literal, while metaphors are generally perceived as highly non-literal.}, language = {en} } @article{KuberskiGafos2019, author = {Kuberski, Stephan R. and Gafos, Adamantios I.}, title = {The speed-curvature power law in tongue movements of repetitive speech}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {14}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {3}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0213851}, pages = {25}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The speed-curvature power law is a celebrated law of motor control expressing a relation between the kinematic property of speed and the geometric property of curvature. We aimed to assess whether speech movements obey this law just as movements from other domains do. We describe a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm designed to cover a wide range of speeds. We recorded via electromagnetic articulometry speech movements in sequences of the form /CV…/ from nine speakers (five German, four English) speaking at eight distinct rates. First, we demonstrate that the paradigm of metronome-driven manipulations results in speech movement data consistent with earlier reports on the kinematics of speech production. Second, analysis of our data in their full three-dimensions and using advanced numerical differentiation methods offers stronger evidence for the law than that reported in previous studies devoted to its assessment. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of a clear rate dependency of the power law's parameters. The robustness of the speed-curvature relation in our datasets lends further support to the hypothesis that the power law is a general feature of human movement. We place our results in the context of other work in movement control and consider implications for models of speech production.}, language = {en} } @article{BuerkiFoschiniWelbyClementetal.2019, author = {B{\"u}rki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris and Welby, Pauline and Clement, Melanie and Spinelli, Elsa}, title = {Orthography and second language word learning}, series = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {145}, journal = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5094923}, pages = {EL265 -- EL271}, year = {2019}, abstract = {French participants learned English pseudowords either with the orthographic form displayed under the corresponding picture (Audio-Ortho) or without (Audio). In a naming task, pseudowords learned in the Audio-Ortho condition were produced faster and with fewer errors, providing a first piece of evidence that orthographic information facilitates the learning and on-line retrieval of productive vocabulary in a second language. Formant analyses, however, showed that productions from the Audio-Ortho condition were more French-like (i.e., less target-like), a result confirmed by a vowel categorization task performed by native speakers of English. It is argued that novel word learning and pronunciation accuracy should be considered together. (C) 2019 Acoustical Society of America}, language = {en} } @misc{NeumannQuintingRosenkranzetal.2019, author = {Neumann, Sandra and Quinting, Jana and Rosenkranz, Anna and De Beer, Carola and Jonas, Kristina and Stenneken, Prisca}, title = {Quality of life in adults with neurogenic speech-language-communication difficulties}, series = {Journal of communication disorders}, volume = {79}, journal = {Journal of communication disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0021-9924}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.01.003}, pages = {24 -- 45}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @misc{ZakariasKellySailsetal.2019, author = {Zakarias, Lilla and Kelly, Helen and Sails, Christos and Code, Chris}, title = {The methodological quality of short-term/working memory treatments in poststroke aphasia}, series = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc.}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1092-4388}, doi = {10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0057}, pages = {1979 -- 2001}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Purpose: The aims of this systematic review are to provide a critical overview of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) treatments in stroke aphasia and to systematically evaluate the internal and external validity of STM/WM treatments. Method: A systematic search was conducted in February 2014 and then updated in December 2016 using 13 electronic databases. We provided descriptive characteristics of the included studies and assessed their methodological quality using the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials quantitative scale (Tate et al., 2015), which was completed by 2 independent raters. Results: The systematic search and inclusion/exclusion procedure yielded 17 single-case or case-series studies with 37 participants for inclusion. Nine studies targeted auditory STM consisting of repetition and/or recognition tasks, whereas 8 targeted attention and WM, such as attention process training including n-back tasks with shapes and clock faces as well as mental math tasks. In terms of their methodological quality, quality scores on the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials scale ranged from 4 to 17 (M = 9.5) on a 0-30 scale, indicating a high risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Effects of treatment were most frequently assessed on STM, WM, and spoken language comprehension. Transfer effects on communication and memory in activities of daily living were tested in only 5 studies. Conclusions: Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies make it difficult, at present, to draw firm conclusions about the effects of STM/WM treatments in poststroke aphasia. Further studies with more rigorous methodology and stronger experimental control are needed to determine the beneficial effects of this type of intervention. To understand the underlying mechanisms of STM/WM treatment effects and how they relate to language functioning, a careful choice of outcome measures and specific hypotheses about potential improvements on these measures are required. Future studies need to include outcome measures of memory functioning in everyday life and psychosocial functioning more generally to demonstrate the ecological validity of STM and WM treatments.}, language = {en} } @article{GerstenbergLindholm2019, author = {Gerstenberg, Annette and Lindholm, Camilla}, title = {Language and aging research}, series = {Linguistics vanguard}, volume = {5}, journal = {Linguistics vanguard}, number = {s2}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2199-174X}, doi = {10.1515/lingvan-2019-0025}, pages = {6}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Our introduction to the special collection gives an overview of the research projects which were originally presented at the third CLARe network conference. We group the research under four cross-sectional topics that unite the different contributions: the data used in the research, the theoretical frameworks, the languages and varieties which are represented and the situational contexts which are examined. These projects represent the current state of research in this field and allows the reader to orient themselves within this diverse field but also leaves many questions open and provides impetus for future lines of research. The interaction and collaboration between diverse disciplines is the central aspect which unites all contributions to the special collection.}, language = {en} } @article{CreetMorrisHowardetal.2019, author = {Creet, Ella and Morris, Julie and Howard, David and Nickels, Lyndsey}, title = {Name it again! investigating the effects of repeated naming attempts in aphasia}, series = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {33}, journal = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, number = {10}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0268-7038}, doi = {10.1080/02687038.2019.1622352}, pages = {1202 -- 1226}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{AmaechiGeorgi2019, author = {Amaechi, Mary Chimaobi and Georgi, Doreen}, title = {Quirks of subject (non-)extraction in Igbo}, series = {Glossa : a journal of general linguistics}, volume = {4}, journal = {Glossa : a journal of general linguistics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ubiquity Press}, address = {London}, issn = {2397-1835}, doi = {10.5334/gjgl.607}, pages = {36}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In this paper we present new data on a subject/non-subject extraction asymmetry in Igbo constituent questions. We provide evidence that the superficially morphological phenomenon reflects a deeper syntactic asymmetry: Unlike wh-non-subjects, wh-subjects cannot undergo local (A) over bar -movement to the left periphery (SpecFoc); rather, they have to stay in their canonical position SpecT. The same constraint also leads to the that-trace effect (absence of the complementizer) in the embedded clause of long subject wh-movement. We argue that what is responsible for the special status of wh-subjects is their high structural position. We provide an optimality-theoretic analysis of the asymmetry that is based on anti-locality: Local subject (A) over bar -movement is excluded because it is too short. Moreover, we address the nature of apparent wh-in-situ in Igbo.}, language = {en} } @article{BuerkiFoschiniBesanaDegiorgietal.2019, author = {B{\"u}rki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris and Besana, Tea and Degiorgi, Gaelle and Gilbert, Romane and Mario, E-Xavier}, title = {Representation and Selection of Determiners With Phonological Variants}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {45}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/xlm0000643}, pages = {1287 -- 1315}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of cross-linguistic differences in the time course of determiner selection during language production. In Germanic languages, participants are slower at naming a picture using a determiner + noun utterance (die Katze "the cat") when a superimposed distractor is of a different gender (gender congruency effect). In Romance languages in which the pronunciation of the determiner also depends on the phonology of the next word, there is no such effect. This difference is traditionally assumed to arise because determiners are selected later in Romance languages (late selection hypothesis). It has further been suggested that in a given language, all determiners are either selected late or early (maximum consistency principle). Data on French have challenged these 2 hypotheses by revealing a gender congruency effect when participants name pictures using the definite singular determiner le-la (l' before vowels) and a noun, at positive stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), that is, when there is a delay between the presentation of the picture and that of the distractor. We examined this finding further and investigated whether it generalizes to the indefinite determiner un-une. Results of 4 picture-word interference experiments reveal that gender congruency effects in French are not restricted to the definite determiner or positive SOAs, but can be hard to detect in experiments which do not account for the variability in reading and naming times across participants and trials. We discuss the implications of these results for the modeling of determiner selection across languages.}, language = {en} } @misc{Miklashevsky2019, author = {Miklashevsky, Alex A.}, title = {Words as social tools}, series = {Physics of life reviews}, volume = {29}, journal = {Physics of life reviews}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1571-0645}, doi = {10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.002}, pages = {164 -- 165}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @misc{CzapkaWotschackKlassertetal.2019, author = {Czapka, Sophia and Wotschack, Christiane and Klassert, Annegret and Festman, Julia}, title = {A path to the bilingual advantage}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {688}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46973}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469736}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage.}, language = {en} } @misc{JeglinskiMende2019, author = {Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.}, title = {Alcohol in the aging brain}, series = {Frontiers in neuroscience}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-453X}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2019.00713}, pages = {7}, year = {2019}, abstract = {As our society grows older new challenges for medicine and healthcare emerge. Age-related changes of the body have been observed in essential body functions, particularly in the loco-motor system, in the cardiovascular system and in cognitive functions concerning both brain plasticity and changes in behavior. Nutrition and lifestyle, such as nicotine intake and chronic alcohol consumption, also contribute to biological changes in the brain. This review addresses the effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive decline, changes in brain plasticity in the aging brain and on cardiovascular health in aging. Thus, studies on the interplay of chronic alcohol intake and either cognitive decline or cognitive preservation are outlined. Because of the inconsistency in the literature of whether alcohol consumption preserves cognitive functions in the aging brain or whether it accelerates cognitive decline, it is crucial to consider individual contributing factors such as culture, health and lifestyle in future studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{WulffDeDeyneJonesetal.2019, author = {Wulff, Dirk U. and De Deyne, Simon and Jones, Michael N. and Mata, Rui and Austerweil, Joseph L. and Baayen, R. Harald and Balota, David A. and Baronchelli, Andrea and Brysbaert, Marc and Cai, Qing and Dennis, Simon and Hills, Thomas T. and Kenett, Yoed N. and Keuleers, Emmanuel and Marelli, Marco and Pakhomov, Serguei and Ramscar, Michael and Schooler, Lael J. and Shing, Yee Lee and da Souza, Alessandra S. and Siew, Cynthia S. Q. and Storms, Gert and Ver{\´i}ssimo, Joao Marques}, title = {New Perspectives on the Aging Lexicon}, series = {Trends in cognitive science}, volume = {23}, journal = {Trends in cognitive science}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, organization = {Aging Lexicon Consortium}, issn = {1364-6613}, doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.003}, pages = {686 -- 698}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The field of cognitive aging has seen considerable advances in describing the linguistic and semantic changes that happen during the adult life span to uncover the structure of the mental lexicon (i.e., the mental repository of lexical and conceptual representations). Nevertheless, there is still debate concerning the sources of these changes, including the role of environmental exposure and several cognitive mechanisms associated with learning, representation, and retrieval of information. We review the current status of research in this field and outline a framework that promises to assess the contribution of both ecological and psychological aspects to the aging lexicon.}, language = {en} } @article{NoirayWielingAbakarovaetal.2019, author = {Noiray, Aude and Wieling, Martijn and Abakarova, Dzhuma and Rubertus, Elina and Tiede, Mark}, title = {Back from the future}, series = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research}, number = {8}, publisher = {American Speech-Language-Hearing Association}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1092-4388}, doi = {10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-CSMC7-18-0208}, pages = {3033 -- 3054}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Purpose: This study examines the temporal organization of vocalic anticipation in German children from 3 to 7 years of age and adults. The main objective was to test for nonlinear processes in vocalic anticipation, which may result from the interaction between lingual gestural goals for individual vowels and those for their neighbors over time. Method: The technique of ultrasound imaging was employed to record tongue movement at 5 time points throughout short utterances of the form V1\#CV2. Vocalic anticipation was examined with generalized additive modeling, an analytical approach allowing for the estimation of both linear and nonlinear influences on anticipatory processes. Conclusions: A developmental transition towards more segmentally-specified coarticulatory organizations seems to occur from kindergarten to primary school to adulthood. In adults, nonlinear anticipatory patterns over time suggest a strong differentiation between the gestural goals for consecutive segments. In children, this differentiation is not yet mature: Vowels show greater prominence over time and seem activated more in phase with those of previous segments relative to adults.}, language = {en} } @misc{Felser2019, author = {Felser, Claudia}, title = {Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {676}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46970}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469703}, pages = {23 -- 24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {kein abstract vorhanden}, language = {en} } @misc{GarciaRoeserHoehle2019, author = {Garcia, Rowena and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {673}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46967}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678}, pages = {533 -- 555}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, \& Bock, 2006).}, language = {en} } @article{GaeckleDomahsKartmannetal.2019, author = {Gaeckle, Maren and Domahs, Frank and Kartmann, Angelika and Tomandl, Bernd and Frank, Ulrike}, title = {Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Dysphagia}, series = {Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology}, volume = {128}, journal = {Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0003-4894}, doi = {10.1177/0003489419841398}, pages = {728 -- 735}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Methods: The data of 89 PD patients with dysphagia who underwent routinely conducted videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing (VFSS) were included in this retrospective study. The occurrence of penetration-aspiration was defined as scores >= 3 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Four commonly reported signs of dysphagia in PD patients were evaluated as possible predictors. Furthermore, the relationships between the occurrence of penetration-aspiration and liquid bolus volume as well as clinical severity of PD (modified Hoehn and Yahr scale) were examined. Results: Logistic regression showed that a delayed initiation of the pharyngeal swallow (odds ratio [OR] = 7.47, P = .008) and a reduced hyolaryngeal excursion (OR = 5.13, P = .012) were predictors of penetration-aspiration. Moreover, there was a strong, positive correlation between increasing liquid bolus volume and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.71, P < .001). No correlation was found between severity of PD and penetration-aspiration (gamma = 0.077, P = .783). Conclusion: Results of the present study allow for a better understanding of penetration-aspiration risk in PD patients. They are useful for treatment planning in order to improve safe oral intake and adequate nutrition.}, language = {en} } @article{BarthaDoeringAlexopoulosGiordanoetal.2019, author = {Bartha-Doering, Lisa and Alexopoulos, Johanna and Giordano, Vito and Stelzer, Lisa and Kainz, Theresa and Benavides-Varela, Silvia and Wartenburger, Isabell and Klebermass-Schrehof, Katrin and Olischar, Monika and Seidl, Rainer Otis and Berger, Angelika}, title = {Absence of neural speech discrimination in preterm infants at term-equivalent age}, series = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience}, volume = {39}, journal = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1878-9293}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100679}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Children born preterm are at higher risk to develop language deficits. Auditory speech discrimination deficits may be early signs for language developmental problems. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate neural speech discrimination in 15 preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to 15 full term neonates. The full term group revealed a significantly greater hemodynamic response to forward compared to backward speech within the left hemisphere extending from superior temporal to inferior parietal and middle and inferior frontal areas. In contrast, the preterm group did not show differences in their hemodynamic responses during forward versus backward speech, thus, they did not discriminate speech from nonspeech. Groups differed significantly in their responses to forward speech, whereas they did not differ in their responses to backward speech. The significant differences between groups point to an altered development of the functional network underlying language acquisition in preterm infants as early as in term-equivalent age.}, language = {en} } @article{ClahsenJessen2019, author = {Clahsen, Harald and Jessen, Anna}, title = {Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs}, series = {Journal of child language}, volume = {46}, journal = {Journal of child language}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0305-0009}, doi = {10.1017/S0305000919000321}, pages = {955 -- 979}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children).}, language = {en} } @article{GibsonSotiropoulouTobinetal.2019, author = {Gibson, Mark and Sotiropoulou, Stavroula and Tobin, Stephen and Gafos, Adamantios I.}, title = {Temporal Aspects of Word Initial Single Consonants and Consonants in Clusters in Spanish}, series = {Phonetic}, volume = {76}, journal = {Phonetic}, number = {6}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0031-8388}, doi = {10.1159/000501508}, pages = {448 -- 478}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We examined gestural coordination in C1C2 (C1 stop, C2 lateral or tap) word initial clusters using articulatory (electromagnetic articulometry) and acoustic data from six speakers of Standard Peninsular Spanish. We report on patterns of voice onset time (VOT), gestural plateau duration of C1, C2, and their overlap. For VOT, as expected, place of articulation is a major factor, with velars exhibiting longer VOTs than labials. Regarding C1 plateau duration, voice and place effects were found such that voiced consonants are significantly shorter than voiceless consonants, and velars show longer duration than labials. For C2 plateau duration, lateral duration was found to vary as a function of onset complexity (C vs. CC). As for overlap, unlike in French, where articulatory data for clusters have also been examined, clusters where both C1 and C2 are voiced show more overlap than where voicing differs. Further, overlap was affected by the C2 such that clusters where C2 is a tap show less overlap than clusters where C2 is a lateral. We discuss these results in the context of work aiming to uncover phonetic (e.g., articulatory or perceptual) and phonological forces (e.g., syllabic organization) on timing.}, language = {en} } @article{Navratil2019, author = {Navratil, Michael}, title = {Jenseits des politischen Realismus}, series = {Das Politische in der Literatur der Gegenwart}, journal = {Das Politische in der Literatur der Gegenwart}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-056854-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020081210315564625980}, pages = {359 -- 376}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @misc{VasishthNicenboimEngelmannetal.2019, author = {Vasishth, Shravan and Nicenboim, Bruno and Engelmann, Felix and Burchert, Frank}, title = {Computational Models of Retrieval Processes in Sentence Processing}, series = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {1364-6613}, doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2019.09.003}, pages = {968 -- 982}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Sentence comprehension requires that the comprehender work out who did what to whom. This process has been characterized as retrieval from memory. This review summarizes the quantitative predictions and empirical coverage of the two existing computational models of retrieval and shows how the predictive performance of these two competing models can be tested against a benchmark data-set. We also show how computational modeling can help us better understand sources of variability in both unimpaired and impaired sentence comprehension.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kuberski2019, author = {Kuberski, Stephan R.}, title = {Fundamental motor laws and dynamics of speech}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43771}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437714}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {97}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The present work is a compilation of three original research articles submitted (or already published) in international peer-reviewed venues of the field of speech science. These three articles address the topics of fundamental motor laws in speech and dynamics of corresponding speech movements: 1. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (2019). "The speed-curvature power law in tongue movements of repetitive speech". PLOS ONE 14(3). Public Library of Science. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213851. 2. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (In press). "Fitts' law in tongue movements of repetitive speech". Phonetica: International Journal of Phonetic Science. Karger Publishers. doi: 10.1159/000501644 3. Kuberski, Stephan R. and Adamantios I. Gafos (submitted). "Distinct phase space topologies of identical phonemic sequences". Language. Linguistic Society of America. The present work introduces a metronome-driven speech elicitation paradigm in which participants were asked to utter repetitive sequences of elementary consonant-vowel syllables. This paradigm, explicitly designed to cover speech rates from a substantially wider range than has been explored so far in previous work, is demonstrated to satisfy the important prerequisites for assessing so far difficult to access aspects of speech. Specifically, the paradigm's extensive speech rate manipulation enabled elicitation of a great range of movement speeds as well as movement durations and excursions of the relevant effectors. The presence of such variation is a prerequisite to assessing whether invariant relations between these and other parameters exist and thus provides the foundation for a rigorous evaluation of the two laws examined in the first two contributions of this work. In the data resulting from this paradigm, it is shown that speech movements obey the same fundamental laws as movements from other domains of motor control do. In particular, it is demonstrated that speech strongly adheres to the power law relation between speed and curvature of movement with a clear speech rate dependency of the power law's exponent. The often-sought or reported exponent of one third in the statement of the law is unique to a subclass of movements which corresponds to the range of faster rates under which a particular utterance is produced. For slower rates, significantly larger values than one third are observed. Furthermore, for the first time in speech this work uncovers evidence for the presence of Fitts' law. It is shown that, beyond a speaker-specific speech rate, speech movements of the tongue clearly obey Fitts' law by emergence of its characteristic linear relation between movement time and index of difficulty. For slower speech rates (when temporal pressure is small), no such relation is observed. The methods and datasets obtained in the two assessment above provide a rigorous foundation both for addressing implications for theories and models of speech as well as for better understanding the status of speech movements in the context of human movements in general. All modern theories of language rely on a fundamental segmental hypothesis according to which the phonological message of an utterance is represented by a sequence of segments or phonemes. It is commonly assumed that each of these phonemes can be mapped to some unit of speech motor action, a so-called speech gesture. For the first time here, it is demonstrated that the relation between the phonological description of simple utterances and the corresponding speech motor action is non-unique. Specifically, by the extensive speech rate manipulation in the herein used experimental paradigm it is demonstrated that speech exhibits clearly distinct dynamical organizations underlying the production of simple utterances. At slower speech rates, the dynamical organization underlying the repetitive production of elementary /CV/ syllables can be described by successive concatenations of closing and opening gestures, each with its own equilibrium point. As speech rate increases, the equilibria of opening and closing gestures are not equally stable yielding qualitatively different modes of organization with either a single equilibrium point of a combined opening-closing gesture or a periodic attractor unleashed by the disappearance of both equilibria. This observation, the non-uniqueness of the dynamical organization underlying what on the surface appear to be identical phonemic sequences, is an entirely new result in the domain of speech. Beyond that, the demonstration of periodic attractors in speech reveals that dynamical equilibrium point models do not account for all possible modes of speech motor behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{Michl2019, author = {Michl, Diana}, title = {Speedy Metonymy, Tricky Metaphor, Irrelevant Compositionality: How Nonliteralness Affects Idioms in Reading and Rating}, series = {Journal of psycholinguistic research}, volume = {48}, journal = {Journal of psycholinguistic research}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-6905}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-019-09658-7}, pages = {1285 -- 1310}, year = {2019}, abstract = {It is widely acknowledged that fixed expressions such as idioms have a processing advantage over non-idiomatic language. While many idioms are metaphoric, metonymic, or even literal, the effect of varying nonliteralness in their processing has not been much researched yet. Theoretical and empirical findings suggest that metonymies are easier to process than metaphors but it is unclear whether this applies to idioms. Two self-paced reading experiments test whether metonymic, metaphoric, or literal idioms have a greater processing advantage over non-idiomatic control sentences, and whether this is caused by varying nonliteralness. Both studies find that metonymic and literal idioms are read significantly faster than controls, while the advantage for metaphoric idioms is only tenuous. Only experiment 2 finds literal idioms to be read fastest of all. As compositionality of the idioms cannot account for these findings, some effect of nonliteralness is suggested, together with idiomaticity and the sentential context.}, language = {en} } @article{ArnoldBallierLissonetal.2019, author = {Arnold, Taylor and Ballier, Nicolas and Lisson, Paula and Tilton, Lauren}, title = {Beyond lexical frequencies: using R for text analysis in the digital humanities}, series = {Language resources and evaluation}, volume = {53}, journal = {Language resources and evaluation}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1574-020X}, doi = {10.1007/s10579-019-09456-6}, pages = {707 -- 733}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper presents a combination of R packages-user contributed toolkits written in a common core programming language-to facilitate the humanistic investigation of digitised, text-based corpora.Our survey of text analysis packages includes those of our own creation (cleanNLP and fasttextM) as well as packages built by other research groups (stringi, readtext, hyphenatr, quanteda, and hunspell). By operating on generic object types, these packages unite research innovations in corpus linguistics, natural language processing, machine learning, statistics, and digital humanities. We begin by extrapolating on the theoretical benefits of R as an elaborate gluing language for bringing together several areas of expertise and compare it to linguistic concordancers and other tool-based approaches to text analysis in the digital humanities. We then showcase the practical benefits of an ecosystem by illustrating how R packages have been integrated into a digital humanities project. Throughout, the focus is on moving beyond the bag-of-words, lexical frequency model by incorporating linguistically-driven analyses in research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{StegenwallnerSchuetz2019, author = {Stegenwallner-Sch{\"u}tz, Maja Henny Katherine}, title = {The Development of Syntactic and Pragmatic Aspects of Language in Children with Developmental Disorders}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {236}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Burmester2019, author = {Burmester, Juliane}, title = {Linguistic and visual salience in sentence comprehension}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44315}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443155}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XI, 165}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Interlocutors typically link their utterances to the discourse environment and enrich communication by linguistic (e.g., information packaging) and extra-linguistic (e.g., eye gaze, gestures) means to optimize information transfer. Psycholinguistic studies underline that ‒for meaning computation‒ listeners profit from linguistic and visual cues that draw their focus of attention to salient information. This dissertation is the first work that examines how linguistic compared to visual salience cues influence sentence comprehension using the very same experimental paradigms and materials, that is, German subject-before-object (SO) and object-before-subject (OS) sentences, across the two cue modalities. Linguistic salience was induced by indicating a referent as the aboutness topic. Visual salience was induced by implicit (i.e., unconscious) or explicit (i.e., shared) manipulations of listeners' attention to a depicted referent. In Study 1, a selective, facilitative impact of linguistic salience on the context-sensitive OS word order was found using offline comprehensibility judgments. More precisely, during online sentence processing, this impact was characterized by a reduced sentence-initial Late positivity which reflects reduced processing costs for updating the current mental representation of discourse. This facilitative impact of linguistic salience was not replicated by means of an implicit visual cue (Study 2) shown to modulate word order preferences during sentence production. However, a gaze shift to a depicted referent as an indicator of shared attention eased sentence-initial processing similar to linguistic salience as revealed by reduced reading times (Study 3). Yet, this cue did not modulate the strong subject-antecedent preference during later pronoun resolution like linguistic salience. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant impact of linguistic and visual salience cues on sentence comprehension, which substantiates that both the information delivered via language and via the visual environment is integrated into the mental representation of the discourse; but, the way how salience is induced is crucial to its impact.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sidarenka2019, author = {Sidarenka, Uladzimir}, title = {Sentiment analysis of German Twitter}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43742}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437422}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 217}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The immense popularity of online communication services in the last decade has not only upended our lives (with news spreading like wildfire on the Web, presidents announcing their decisions on Twitter, and the outcome of political elections being determined on Facebook) but also dramatically increased the amount of data exchanged on these platforms. Therefore, if we wish to understand the needs of modern society better and want to protect it from new threats, we urgently need more robust, higher-quality natural language processing (NLP) applications that can recognize such necessities and menaces automatically, by analyzing uncensored texts. Unfortunately, most NLP programs today have been created for standard language, as we know it from newspapers, or, in the best case, adapted to the specifics of English social media. This thesis reduces the existing deficit by entering the new frontier of German online communication and addressing one of its most prolific forms—users' conversations on Twitter. In particular, it explores the ways and means by how people express their opinions on this service, examines current approaches to automatic mining of these feelings, and proposes novel methods, which outperform state-of-the-art techniques. For this purpose, I introduce a new corpus of German tweets that have been manually annotated with sentiments, their targets and holders, as well as lexical polarity items and their contextual modifiers. Using these data, I explore four major areas of sentiment research: (i) generation of sentiment lexicons, (ii) fine-grained opinion mining, (iii) message-level polarity classification, and (iv) discourse-aware sentiment analysis. In the first task, I compare three popular groups of lexicon generation methods: dictionary-, corpus-, and word-embedding-based ones, finding that dictionary-based systems generally yield better polarity lists than the last two groups. Apart from this, I propose a linear projection algorithm, whose results surpass many existing automatically-generated lexicons. Afterwords, in the second task, I examine two common approaches to automatic prediction of sentiment spans, their sources, and targets: conditional random fields (CRFs) and recurrent neural networks, obtaining higher scores with the former model and improving these results even further by redefining the structure of CRF graphs. When dealing with message-level polarity classification, I juxtapose three major sentiment paradigms: lexicon-, machine-learning-, and deep-learning-based systems, and try to unite the first and last of these method groups by introducing a bidirectional neural network with lexicon-based attention. Finally, in order to make the new classifier aware of microblogs' discourse structure, I let it separately analyze the elementary discourse units of each tweet and infer the overall polarity of a message from the scores of its EDUs with the help of two new approaches: latent-marginalized CRFs and Recursive Dirichlet Process.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MarimonTarter2019, author = {Marimon Tarter, Mireia}, title = {Word segmentation in German-learning infants and German-speaking adults}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437400}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {132}, year = {2019}, abstract = {There is evidence that infants start extracting words from fluent speech around 7.5 months of age (e.g., Jusczyk \& Aslin, 1995) and that they use at least two mechanisms to segment words forms from fluent speech: prosodic information (e.g., Jusczyk, Cutler \& Redanz, 1993) and statistical information (e.g., Saffran, Aslin \& Newport, 1996). However, how these two mechanisms interact and whether they change during development is still not fully understood. The main aim of the present work is to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by infants when learning the language in their environment, as well as to explore whether this ability is related to later language skills. In Chapter 3 we pursued to determine the reliability of the method used in most of the experiments in the present thesis (the Headturn Preference Procedure), as well as to examine correlations and individual differences between infants' performance and later language outcomes. In Chapter 4 we investigated how German-speaking adults weigh statistical and prosodic information for word segmentation. We familiarized adults with an auditory string in which statistical and prosodic information indicated different word boundaries and obtained both behavioral and pupillometry responses. Then, we conducted further experiments to understand in what way different cues to word segmentation are exploited by 9-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 5) and by 6-month-old German-learning infants (Chapter 6). In addition, we conducted follow-up questionnaires with the infants and obtained language outcomes at later stages of development. Our findings from this thesis revealed that (1) German-speaking adults show a strong weight of prosodic cues, at least for the materials used in this study and that (2) German-learning infants weight these two kind of cues differently depending on age and/or language experience. We observed that, unlike English-learning infants, 6-month-old infants relied more strongly on prosodic cues. Nine-month-olds do not show any preference for either of the cues in the word segmentation task. From the present results it remains unclear whether the ability to use prosodic cues to word segmentation relates to later language vocabulary. We speculate that prosody provides infants with their first window into the specific acoustic regularities in the signal, which enables them to master the specific stress pattern of German rapidly. Our findings are a step forwards in the understanding of an early impact of the native prosody compared to statistical learning in early word segmentation.}, language = {en} } @article{KrugStuebnerHoffmannetal.2019, author = {Krug, Ragna and St{\"u}bner, Hanna and Hoffmann, Sophie and Heide, Judith}, title = {Die Behandlung dysprosodischer Symptome bei Sprechapraxie}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43780}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437808}, pages = {135 -- 142}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{ZakariasSalisWartenburger2019, author = {Zakari{\´a}s, Lilla and Salis, Christos and Wartenburger, Isabell}, title = {Transfereffekte nach Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnistraining bei Aphasie}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43779}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437799}, pages = {131 -- 133}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{WelkeFrank2019, author = {Welke, Lisa-Marie and Frank, Ulrike}, title = {Pilotfragebogenstudie zur praktischen Umsetzung und Koordination des Trachealkan{\"u}len-Managements in Berlin und Brandenburg}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43778}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437780}, pages = {115 -- 129}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{SchumacherBurchertAblinger2019, author = {Schumacher, Rebecca and Burchert, Frank and Ablinger, Irene}, title = {St{\"o}rungsortspezifische und modellgeleitete Diagnose erworbener Dyslexien}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43775}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437753}, pages = {81 -- 90}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Blickensdorff2019, author = {Blickensdorff, Maria}, title = {Motorisches Lernen in der Sprechapraxietherapie}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43773}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437733}, pages = {53 -- 65}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @misc{VoigtZimmermannStierLascheitetal.2019, author = {Voigt-Zimmermann, Susanne and Stier, Karl-Heinz and Lascheit, Thomas and Kruse, Stephanie A. and Blickensdorff, Maria and F{\"o}rster, Theresa and Schumacher, Rebecca and Burchert, Frank and Ablinger, Irene and F{\"o}rster, Christine and Wahl, Michael and Schirmacher, Irene and Ostermann, Frank and Welke, Lisa-Marie and Frank, Ulrike and Zakari{\´a}s, Lilla and Salis, Christos and Wartenburger, Isabell and Krug, Ragna and St{\"u}bner, Hanna and Hoffmann, Sophie and Heide, Judith}, title = {Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 11. Schwerpunktthema: Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie}, number = {11}, editor = {Fritzsche, Tom and Yetim, {\"O}zlem and Otto, Constanze and Adelt, Anne}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41857}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418574}, pages = {142}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Das 11. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie« fand am 18.11.2017 in Potsdam statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 j{\"a}hrlich vom Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die Hauptvortr{\"a}ge zum Schwerpunktthema sowie Beitr{\"a}ge zu den Kurzvortr{\"a}gen »Spektrum Patholinguistik« und der Posterpr{\"a}sentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Trautwein2019, author = {Trautwein, Jutta}, title = {The Mental lexicon in acquisition}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434314}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 177}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The individual's mental lexicon comprises all known words as well related infor-mation on semantics, orthography and phonology. Moreover, entries connect due to simi-larities in these language domains building a large network structure. The access to lexical information is crucial for processing of words and sentences. Thus, a lack of information in-hibits the retrieval and can cause language processing difficulties. Hence, the composition of the mental lexicon is essential for language skills and its assessment is a central topic of lin-guistic and educational research. In early childhood, measurement of the mental lexicon is uncomplicated, for example through parental questionnaires or the analysis of speech samples. However, with growing content the measurement becomes more challenging: With more and more words in the mental lexicon, the inclusion of all possible known words into a test or questionnaire be-comes impossible. That is why there is a lack of methods to assess the mental lexicon for school children and adults. For the same reason, there are only few findings on the courses of lexical development during school years as well as its specific effect on other language skills. This dissertation is supposed to close this gap by pursuing two major goals: First, I wanted to develop a method to assess lexical features, namely lexicon size and lexical struc-ture, for children of different age groups. Second, I aimed to describe the results of this method in terms of lexical development of size and structure. Findings were intended to help understanding mechanisms of lexical acquisition and inform theories on vocabulary growth. The approach is based on the dictionary method where a sample of words out of a dictionary is tested and results are projected on the whole dictionary to determine an indi-vidual's lexicon size. In the present study, the childLex corpus, a written language corpus for children in German, served as the basis for lexicon size estimation. The corpus is assumed to comprise all words children attending primary school could know. Testing a sample of words out of the corpus enables projection of the results on the whole corpus. For this purpose, a vocabulary test based on the corpus was developed. Afterwards, test performance of virtual participants was simulated by drawing different lexicon sizes from the corpus and comparing whether the test items were included in the lexicon or not. This allowed determination of the relation between test performance and total lexicon size and thus could be transferred to a sample of real participants. Besides lexicon size, lexical content could be approximated with this approach and analyzed in terms of lexical structure. To pursue the presented aims and establish the sampling method, I conducted three consecutive studies. Study 1 includes the development of a vocabulary test based on the childLex corpus. The testing was based on the yes/no format and included three versions for different age groups. The validation grounded on the Rasch Model shows that it is a valid instrument to measure vocabulary for primary school children in German. In Study 2, I estab-lished the method to estimate lexicon sizes and present results on lexical development dur-ing primary school. Plausible results demonstrate that lexical growth follows a quadratic function starting with about 6,000 words at the beginning of school and about 73,000 words on average for young adults. Moreover, the study revealed large interindividual differences. Study 3 focused on the analysis of network structures and their development in the mental lexicon due to orthographic similarities. It demonstrates that networks possess small-word characteristics and decrease in interconnectivity with age. Taken together, this dissertation provides an innovative approach for the assessment and description of the development of the mental lexicon from primary school onwards. The studies determine recent results on lexical acquisition in different age groups that were miss-ing before. They impressively show the importance of this period and display the existence of extensive interindividual differences in lexical development. One central aim of future research needs to address the causes and prevention of these differences. In addition, the application of the method for further research (e.g. the adaptation for other target groups) and teaching purposes (e.g. adaptation of texts for different target groups) appears to be promising.}, language = {en} } @article{Rauh2019, author = {Rauh, Gisa}, title = {Erinnerungen an die Gr{\"u}ndung des Instituts f{\"u}r Linguistik an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43320}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433202}, pages = {415 -- 435}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Staudacher2019, author = {Staudacher, Peter}, title = {Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη)}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43319}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193}, pages = {395 -- 411}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Wunderlich2019, author = {Wunderlich, Dieter}, title = {{\"U}ber naturnotwendige und kulturaffine Schritte in der Sprachentstehung und -entwicklung}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43318}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433182}, pages = {383 -- 394}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schlenter2019, author = {Schlenter, Judith}, title = {Predictive language processing in late bilinguals}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432498}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {251}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The current thesis examined how second language (L2) speakers of German predict upcoming input during language processing. Early research has shown that the predictive abilities of L2 speakers relative to L1 speakers are limited, resulting in the proposal of the Reduced Ability to Generate Expectations (RAGE) hypothesis. Considering that prediction is assumed to facilitate language processing in L1 speakers and probably plays a role in language learning, the assumption that L1/L2 differences can be explained in terms of different processing mechanisms is a particularly interesting approach. However, results from more recent studies on the predictive processing abilities of L2 speakers have indicated that the claim of the RAGE hypothesis is too broad and that prediction in L2 speakers could be selectively limited. In the current thesis, the RAGE hypothesis was systematically put to the test. In this thesis, German L1 and highly proficient late L2 learners of German with Russian as L1 were tested on their predictive use of one or more information sources that exist as cues to sentence interpretation in both languages, to test for selective limits. The results showed that, in line with previous findings, L2 speakers can use the lexical-semantics of verbs to predict the upcoming noun. Here the level of prediction was more systematically controlled for than in previous studies by using verbs that restrict the selection of upcoming nouns to the semantic category animate or inanimate. Hence, prediction in L2 processing is possible. At the same time, this experiment showed that the L2 group was slower/less certain than the L1 group. Unlike previous studies, the experiment on case marking demonstrated that L2 speakers can use this morphosyntactic cue for prediction. Here, the use of case marking was tested by manipulating the word order (Dat > Acc vs. Acc > Dat) in double object constructions after a ditransitive verb. Both the L1 and the L2 group showed a difference between the two word order conditions that emerged within the critical time window for an anticipatory effect, indicating their sensitivity towards case. However, the results for the post-critical time window pointed to a higher uncertainty in the L2 group, who needed more time to integrate incoming information and were more affected by the word order variation than the L1 group, indicating that they relied more on surface-level information. A different cue weighting was also found in the experiment testing whether participants predict upcoming reference based on implicit causality information. Here, an additional child L1 group was tested, who had a lower memory capacity than the adult L2 group, as confirmed by a digit span task conducted with both learner groups. Whereas the children were only slightly delayed compared to the adult L1 group and showed the same effect of condition, the L2 speakers showed an over-reliance on surface-level information (first-mention/subjecthood). Hence, the pattern observed resulted more likely from L1/L2 differences than from resource deficits. The reviewed studies and the experiments conducted show that L2 prediction is affected by a range of factors. While some of the factors can be attributed to more individual differences (e.g., language similarity, slower processing) and can be interpreted by L2 processing accounts assuming that L1 and L2 processing are basically the same, certain limits are better explained by accounts that assume more substantial L1/L2 differences. Crucially, the experimental results demonstrate that the RAGE hypothesis should be refined: Although prediction as a fast-operating mechanism is likely to be affected in L2 speakers, there is no indication that prediction is the dominant source of L1/L2 differences. The results rather demonstrate that L2 speakers show a different weighting of cues and rely more on semantic and surface-level information to predict as well as to integrate incoming information.}, language = {en} } @article{Haider2019, author = {Haider, Hubert}, title = {An anthropic principle in lieu of a "Universal Grammar"}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43259}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432590}, pages = {363 -- 381}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Gafos2019, author = {Gafos, Adamantios I.}, title = {Multistability in speech and other activities}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43258}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432580}, pages = {343 -- 360}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Skopeteas2019, author = {Skopeteas, Stavros}, title = {Splits and Birds}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43257}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432578}, pages = {335 -- 341}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Stede2019, author = {Stede, Manfred}, title = {Noch kindlich oder schon jugendlich? Oder gar erwachsen?}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43256}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432569}, pages = {323 -- 334}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{HaeusslerMuchaSchmidtetal.2019, author = {H{\"a}ussler, Jana and Mucha, Anna and Schmidt, Andreas and Weskott, Thomas and Wierzba, Marta}, title = {Experimenting with Lurchi}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43255}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432553}, pages = {307 -- 321}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2019, author = {Zimmermann, Malte}, title = {Im Korpus gibt's keine V{\"o}gel nicht}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43254}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432541}, pages = {287 -- 306}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{BornkesselSchlesewskySchlesewsky2019, author = {Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. and Schlesewsky, Matthias}, title = {Is it a bird? Is it a mammal?}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43253}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432534}, pages = {275 -- 286}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{FominyamTran2019, author = {Fominyam, Henry and Tran, Thuan}, title = {Beware of 'discourse markers'}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43252}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432524}, pages = {257 -- 272}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Titov2019, author = {Titov, Elena}, title = {Accusative Unaccusatives}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43251}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432515}, pages = {243 -- 256}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Bayer2019, author = {Bayer, Josef}, title = {On uninterpretable features}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43250}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432507}, pages = {231 -- 241}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{FeryArnhold2019, author = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Arnhold, Anja}, title = {Verum focus and negation}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432356}, pages = {213 -- 229}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Thiersch2019, author = {Thiersch, Craig}, title = {A note on apparent sluicing in Malagasy}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43234}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432341}, pages = {185 -- 209}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Meinunger2019, author = {Meinunger, Andr{\´e}}, title = {Wie und wo Ambiguit{\"a}t Ungrammatikalit{\"a}t vort{\"a}uscht}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432338}, pages = {171 -- 184}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Šimik2019, author = {Šim{\´i}k, Radek}, title = {On doubling unconditionals}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43226}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432267}, pages = {155 -- 169}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Mueller2019, author = {M{\"u}ller, Gereon}, title = {Can unaccusative verbs undergo passivization in German?}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43225}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432257}, pages = {135 -- 154}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Błaszczak2019, author = {Błaszczak, Joanna}, title = {Why is a predicate inversion analysis problematic?}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43224}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432240}, pages = {119 -- 133}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Alexiadou2019, author = {Alexiadou, Artemis}, title = {A form-function mismatch?}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43223}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432235}, pages = {107 -- 117}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{BacskaiAtkari2019, author = {Bacskai-Atkari, Julia}, title = {Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432222}, pages = {95 -- 106}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Georgi2019, author = {Georgi, Doreen}, title = {Intermediate reflexes of movement}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43221}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432217}, pages = {77 -- 93}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Cavar2019, author = {Cavar, Damir}, title = {Measuring lexical semantic variation using word embeddings}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432201}, pages = {61 -- 74}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2019, author = {Zimmermann, Ilse}, title = {Zur Analysierbarkeit adverbieller Konnektive}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43194}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431942}, pages = {37 -- 60}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Bierwisch2019, author = {Bierwisch, Manfred}, title = {Leben mit Paradoxien}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43193}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431939}, pages = {27 -- 36}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{Stiebels2019, author = {Stiebels, Barbara}, title = {Bienenfresserortungsversuch}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43192}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431921}, pages = {15 -- 26}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Olsen2019, author = {Olsen, Susan}, title = {The instrumental -er suffix}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43060}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430607}, pages = {3 -- 14}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{BrownSchmidtWierzba2019, author = {Brown, Jessica M. M. and Schmidt, Andreas and Wierzba, Marta}, title = {Preface}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43057}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430575}, pages = {xiii -- xvi}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @book{OlsenStiebelsBierwischetal.2019, author = {Olsen, Susan and Stiebels, Barbara and Bierwisch, Manfred and Zimmermann, Ilse and Cavar, Damir and Georgi, Doreen and Bacskai-Atkari, Julia and Alexiadou, Artemis and Błaszczak, Joanna and M{\"u}ller, Gereon and Šim{\´i}k, Radek and Meinunger, Andr{\´e} and Thiersch, Craig and Arnhold, Anja and F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Bayer, Josef and Titov, Elena and Fominyam, Henry and Tran, Thuan and Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. and Schlesewsky, Matthias and Zimmermann, Malte and H{\"a}ussler, Jana and Mucha, Anne and Schmidt, Andreas and Weskott, Thomas and Wierzba, Marta and Stede, Manfred and Skopeteas, Stavros and Gafos, Adamantios I. and Haider, Hubert and Wunderlich, Dieter and Staudacher, Peter and Rauh, Gisa}, title = {Of Trees and Birds}, editor = {Brown, Jessica M. M. and Schmidt, Andreas and Wierzba, Marta}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42654}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426542}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvi, 435}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Gisbert Fanselow's work has been invaluable and inspiring to many ­researchers working on syntax, morphology, and information ­structure, both from a ­theoretical and from an experimental perspective. This ­volume comprises a collection of articles dedicated to Gisbert on the occasion of his 60th birthday, covering a range of topics from these areas and beyond. The contributions have in ­common that in a broad sense they have to do with language structures (and thus trees), and that in a more specific sense they have to do with birds. They thus cover two of Gisbert's major interests in- and outside of the linguistic world (and ­perhaps even at the interface).}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Grishina2019, author = {Grishina, Yulia}, title = {Assessing the applicability of annotation projection methods for coreference relations}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42537}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425378}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 198}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The main goal of this thesis is to explore the feasibility of using cross-lingual annotation projection as a method of alleviating the task of manual coreference annotation. To reach our goal, we build a first trilingual parallel coreference corpus that encompasses multiple genres. For the annotation of the corpus, we develop common coreference annotation guidelines that are applicable to three languages (English, German, Russian) and include a novel domain-independent typology of bridging relations as well as state-of-the-art near-identity categories. Thereafter, we design and perform several annotation projection experiments. In the first experiment, we implement a direct projection method with only one source language. Our results indicate that, already in a knowledge-lean scenario, our projection approach is superior to the most closely related work of Postolache et al. (2006). Since the quality of the resulting annotations is to a high degree dependent on the word alignment, we demonstrate how using limited syntactic information helps to further improve mention extraction on the target side. As a next step, in our second experiment, we show how exploiting two source languages helps to improve the quality of target annotations for both language pairs by concatenating annotations projected from two source languages. Finally, we assess the projection quality in a fully automatic scenario (using automatically produced source annotations), and propose a pilot experiment on manual projection of bridging pairs. For each of the experiments, we carry out an in-depth error analysis, and we conclude that noisy word alignments, translation divergences and morphological and syntactic differences between languages are responsible for projection errors. We systematically compare and evaluate our projection methods, and we investigate the errors both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to identify problematic cases. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our method to coreference annotations and propose several avenues of future research.}, language = {en} }