@techreport{BarschkettHuebenerLeibingetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Barschkett, Mara and Huebener, Mathias and Leibing, Andreas and Marcus, Jan and Margaryan, Shushanik}, title = {Replication of Atwood's (2022) the long-term effects of measles vaccination on earnings and employment}, series = {I4R discussion paper series}, journal = {I4R discussion paper series}, number = {33}, publisher = {Institute for Replication}, address = {Essen}, issn = {2752-1931}, pages = {22}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Atwood (2022) analyzes the effects of the 1963 U.S. measles vaccination on longrun labor market outcomes, using a generalized difference-in-differences approach. We reproduce the results of this paper and perform a battery of robustness checks. Overall, we confirm that the measles vaccination had positive labor market effects. While the negative effect on the likelihood of living in poverty and the positive effect on the probability of being employed are very robust across the different specifications, the headline estimate-the effect on earnings-is more sensitive to the exclusion of certain regions and survey years.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoCobbClarkSilvaGoncalvesetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. and Silva-Goncalves, Juliana and Uhlendorff, Arne}, title = {Locus of control and the preference for agency}, series = {IZA discussion paper}, volume = {No. 16061}, journal = {IZA discussion paper}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2365-9793}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4416820}, pages = {49}, year = {2023}, abstract = {We conduct a laboratory experiment to study how locus of control operates through people's preferences and beliefs to influence their decisions. Using the principal-agent setting of the delegation game, we test four key channels that conceptually link locus of control to decision-making: (i) preference for agency; (ii) optimism and (iii) confidence regarding the return to effort; and (iv) illusion of control. Knowing the return and cost of stated effort, principals either retain or delegate the right to make an investment decision that generates payoffs for themselves and their agents. Extending the game to the context in which the return to stated effort is unknown allows us to explicitly study the relationship between locus of control and beliefs about the return to effort. We find that internal locus of control is linked to the preference for agency, an effect that is driven by women. We find no evidence that locus of control influences optimism and confidence about the return to stated effort, or that it operates through an illusion of control.}, language = {en} } @techreport{DebreSommerer2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Debre, Maria Josepha and Sommerer, Thomas}, title = {Weathering the storm?}, series = {IGCC series on authoritarian regimes and international organizations}, journal = {IGCC series on authoritarian regimes and international organizations}, publisher = {UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation}, address = {La Jolla, CA}, pages = {38}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Democratization scholars are currently debating if we are indeed witnessing a third wave of autocratization. While this has led to an extensive debate about the future of the liberal international order, we still know relatively little about the consequences of autocratization for international organizations (IOs). In this article, we explore to what extent autocratization has led to changes in the composition of IO membership. We propose three different ways of conceptualizing autocratization of IO membership. We argue that we should move away from a dichotomous understanding of regime type and regime change, but rather focus on composition of subregime types to understand current developments. We build on updated membership data for 73 IOs through 2020 to map membership configurations based on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index. Contrary to current debates on the crisis of the liberal order, we find that many IOs are not (yet) affected by broad autocratization of their membership that would endanger democratic majorities or overall democratic densities. However, we also observe the disappearance of formerly homogenous democratic clubs due to democratic backsliding in a number of European and Latin American IO member states, as well as a return of autocratic clubs in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These findings have important implications for the broader research agenda on international democracy promotion and human right protection as well as the study of legitimacy and the effectiveness of international organizations.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Doerfler2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {D{\"o}rfler, Thomas}, title = {Interface challenges of UN sanctions with forums of export control}, series = {International sanctions: improving implementation through better interface management}, journal = {International sanctions: improving implementation through better interface management}, editor = {Lohmann, Sascha and Vorrath, Judith}, publisher = {Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {23 -- 31}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @techreport{HerloUllrichVladova2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Herlo, Bianca and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Vladova, Gergana}, title = {Sustainable digital sovereignty}, series = {Weizenbaum series}, volume = {32}, journal = {Weizenbaum series}, publisher = {Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - the German Internet Institute}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2748-5587}, doi = {10.34669/WI.WS/32}, pages = {39}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This study is dedicated to the interdependencies between digital sovereignty and sustainable digitalization, which need to be explicitly linked to an increasing degree in political discourse, academia, and societal debates. Digital skills are the prerequisites for shaping digitalization in the interest of society and sustainable development.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KalkuhlFlachslandKnopfetal.2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kalkuhl, Matthias and Flachsland, Christian and Knopf, Brigitte and Amberg, Maximilian and Bergmann, Tobias and Kellner, Maximilian and St{\"u}ber, Sophia and Haywood, Luke and Roolfs, Christina and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Effects of the energy price crisis on households in Germany}, publisher = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {35}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @techreport{MargaryanSaniterSchumannetal.2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Margaryan, Shushanik and Saniter, Nils and Schumann, Mathias and Siedler, Thomas}, title = {Do internships pay off?}, series = {Journal of human resources}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of human resources}, number = {4}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin Press}, address = {Madison}, issn = {0022-166X}, doi = {10.3368/jhr.57.4.0418-9460R2}, pages = {1242 -- 1275}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We study the causal effect of student internship experience in firms on earnings later in life. We use mandatory firm internships at German universities as an instrument for doing a firm internship while attending university. Employing longitudinal data from graduate surveys, we find positive and significant earnings returns of about 6 percent in both ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variables (IV) regressions. The positive returns are particularly pronounced for individuals and areas of study that are characterized by a weak labor market orientation. The empirical findings show that graduates who completed a firm internship face a lower risk of unemployment during the first year of their careers, suggesting a smoother transition to the labor market.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MatzatSchmeisser2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Matzat, Johannes and Schmeißer, Aiko}, title = {Do unions shape political ideologies at work?}, series = {CESifo Working Paper}, journal = {CESifo Working Paper}, number = {10301}, publisher = {CESifo GmbH (M{\"u}nchener Gesellschaft zur F{\"o}rderung der Wirtschaftswissenschaft)}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {2364-1428}, pages = {61}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Labor unions' greatest potential for political influence likely arises from their direct connection to millions of individuals at the workplace. There, they may change the ideological positions of both unionizing workers and their non-unionizing management. In this paper, we analyze the workplace-level impact of unionization on workers' and managers' political campaign contributions over the 1980-2016 period in the United States. To do so, we link establishment-level union election data with transaction-level campaign contributions to federal and local candidates. In a difference-in-differences design that we validate with regression discontinuity tests and a novel instrumental variables approach, we find that unionization leads to a leftward shift of campaign contributions. Unionization increases the support for Democrats relative to Republicans not only among workers but also among managers, which speaks against an increase in political cleavages between the two groups. We provide evidence that our results are not driven by compositional changes of the workforce and are weaker in states with Right-to-Work laws where unions can invest fewer resources in political activities.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchwabKrauseMassoud2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schwab, Regine and Krause, Werner and Massoud, Samer}, title = {The bombing of hospitals and local violence dynamics in civil wars}, series = {HiCN Working paper}, volume = {403}, journal = {HiCN Working paper}, publisher = {Households in Conflict Network}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {89}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The impact of civilian harm on strategic outcomes in war has been the subject of persistent debate. However, the literature has primarily focused on civilian casualties, thereby overlooking the targeting of civilian infrastructure, which is a recurrent phenomenon during war. This study fills this gap by examining the targeting of healthcare, one of the most indispensable infrastructures during war and peace time. We contend that attacks on medical facilities are distinct from direct violence against civilians. Because they are typically unrelated to military dynamics, the targeting of hospitals is a highly visible form and powerful signal of civilian victimization. To assess its effects, we analyze newly collected data on such attacks by pro-government forces and event data on combat activities in Northwest Syria (2017-2020). Applying a new approach for panel data analysis that combines matching methods with a difference-in-differences estimation, we examine the causal effect of counterinsurgent bombings on subsequent violent events. Distinguishing between regime-initiated and insurgent-initiated combat activities and their associated fatalities, we find that the targeting of hospitals increases insurgent violence. We supplement the quantitative analysis with unique qualitative evidence derived from interviews, which demonstrates that hospital bombings induce rebels to resist more fiercely through two mechanisms: intrinsic motivations and civilian pressure. The results have important implications for the effects of state-led violence and the strength of legal norms that protect noncombatants.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SteckelMissbachOhlendorfetal.2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Steckel, Jan Christoph and Missbach, Leonard and Ohlendorf, Nils and Feindt, Simon and Kalkuhl, Matthias}, title = {Effects of the energy price crisis on European households}, publisher = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {30}, year = {2022}, language = {en} }