@book{BechmannBald2020,
  author    = {Bechmann, Wolfgang and Bald, Ilko},
  title     = {Einstieg in die Physikalische Chemie f{\"u}r Naturwissenschaftler},
  series = {Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie Lehrbuch},
  journal   = {Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie Lehrbuch},
  edition   = {7. Auflage},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-662-62033-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-662-62034-2},
  pages     = {508},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Der Einstieg in die Physikalische Chemie f{\"u}r Naturwissenschaftler Einf{\"u}hrung in die Grundlagen der Spektroskopie und der wichtigsten Methoden der Stoff- und Strukturanalytik Mit {\"U}bungsaufgaben und allen L{\"o}sungen inkl. der L{\"o}sungswege Enth{\"a}lt Anleitungen f{\"u}r Praktikumsversuche},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BechmannBald2018,
  author    = {Bechmann, Wolfgang and Bald, Ilko},
  title     = {Einstieg in die Physikalische Chemie f{\"u}r Naturwissenschaftler},
  series = {Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie Lehrbuch},
  journal   = {Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie Lehrbuch},
  edition   = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-662-55857-7},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {492},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Mit einer ausgewogenen Stoffauswahl aus den Teilgebieten Chemische Thermodynamik, Reaktionskinetik und Elektrochemie wird der Leser an das Studium der Physikalischen Chemie herangef{\"u}hrt. Das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Theorie wird durch zahlreiche Aufgabenstellungen und die Angabe ihrer L{\"o}sungswege erleichtert. Das Buch gibt dem Studenten dar{\"u}ber hinaus Anregungen f{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte Experimente zu den behandelten Teilgebieten, mit denen sich ein Grundverst{\"a}ndnis physikalisch-chemischer Zusammenh{\"a}nge entwickeln l{\"a}sst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{KleinpeterKlodKoch2008,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Klod, Sabrina and Koch, Andreas},
  title     = {Endohedral and external through-space shieldings of the fullerenes C50, C60, C60-6, C70, and C70-6- visualization of (Anti)aromaticity and their effects on the chemical shifts of encapsulated nuclei},
  doi       = {10.1021/jo702316h},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Endohedral and external through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) and the magnetic susceptibilities of the fullerene carbon cages of C50, C60, C60-6, C70, and C70-6 were assessed by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Employing the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) concept, these TSNMRS were visualized as isochemical shielding surfaces (ICSS) and were applied to quantitatively estimate either the aromaticity or the anti-aromaticity on the fullerene surface pertaining to the five- or six-membered ring moieties and the shielding of any nuclei enclosed within the carbon cages. Differences between the NICSs calculated at the center of the fullerene carbon cages and the experimental chemical shifts of encapsulated NMR-active nuclei as well as experimental shieldings observed for different encapsulated nuclei were able to be understood readily for the first time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-30767,
  title     = {Advances in chitin science},
  editor    = {Struszczyk, Henryk and Peter, Martin G. and Domard, Alain and Pospieszny, Henryk},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Taubert2007,
  author    = {Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten : chemische Kuriosa oder sind sie doch recht n{\"u}tzlich? ; Antrittsvorlesung 2007-05-24},
  publisher = {Univ.-Bibl.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Klassischerweise haben Salze, beispielsweise Kochsalz, Schmelzpunkte von einigen hundert Grad Celsius und mehr. Ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten sind dagegen Salze, deren Schmelzpunkt zum Teil weit unter der Raumtemperatur liegt. Sie sind daher bei Raumtemperatur fl{\"u}ssig. Obwohl ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten seit 1914 bekannt sind, hatten sie bis vor 15 Jahren keinerlei Bedeutung. Heute jedoch werden ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten aufgrund ihrer vorteilhaften Eigenschaften, wie hohe Leitf{\"a}higkeit oder hohe Temperaturstabilit{\"a}t, unter anderem zur Papierverarbeitung oder in flexiblen Solarzellen eingesetzt. Die Antrittsvorlesung wird sich insbesondere mit der Herstellung anorganischer Partikel befassen und zeigen, wie ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten zur Herstellung neuer Materialien f{\"u}r verschiedene Anwendungen genutzt werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Beuermann2007,
  author    = {Beuermann, Sabine},
  title     = {Polymerisation im Kohlendioxid : Antrittsvorlesung 2007-01-25},
  publisher = {Univ.-Bibl.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In ihrer Vorlesung zeigt Sabine Beuermann, unter welchen Bedingungen Kohlendioxid als Reaktionsmedium f{\"u}r die Herstellung von polymeren Materialien genutzt werden kann. Fluides Kohlendioxid ist ein attraktives Reaktionsmedium, da es ungiftig und nicht brennbar ist. Zudem leistet es einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entwicklung nachhaltiger chemischer Prozesse, da durch den Einsatz von Kohlendioxid die Verwendung von organischen L{\"o}sungsmitteln vermieden werden kann.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{KempterJumar1991,
  author    = {Kempter, Gerhard and Jumar, Alfred},
  title     = {Chemie organischer Pflanzenschutz- und Sch{\"a}dlingsbek{\"a}mpfungsmittel},
  publisher = {Dt. Verl. d. Wiss.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {131 S.},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Kempter1991,
  author    = {Kempter, Gerhard},
  title     = {Organisch-chemisches Praktikum},
  series = {Studienb{\"u}cherei : Chemie f{\"u}r Lehrer},
  volume    = {1},
  journal   = {Studienb{\"u}cherei : Chemie f{\"u}r Lehrer},
  publisher = {Dt. Verl. d. Wiss.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {303 S.},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-29390,
  title     = {Chemical Physics},
  editor    = {Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Kleinpeter1992,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {NMR-Spektoskopie : Struktur, Dynamik und Chemie des Molek{\"u}ls},
  publisher = {Barth},
  address   = {Leipzig},
  pages     = {224 S.},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-28980,
  title     = {Ern{\"a}hrungsforschung : aktuelle Informationen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis},
  editor    = {Schwenke, Klaus Dieter},
  publisher = {Harwood},
  address   = {Reading Berkshire},
  year      = {1993},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{PihlajaKleinpeter1994,
  author    = {Pihlaja, Kalevi and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {13C NMR chemical shifts in structural and stereochemical analysis},
  series = {Methods in stereochemical analysis},
  journal   = {Methods in stereochemical analysis},
  publisher = {VCH},
  address   = {New York},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Soyez1994,
  author    = {Soyez, Konrad},
  title     = {Grundlagen der nachhaltigen Produktion : Denkschrift zur Etablierung eines Lehr- und Forschungsgebietes},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-28408,
  title     = {Praxis der Naturwissenschaften : Chemie},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{RagnettiZuhrtZuelicke1995,
  author    = {Ragnetti, Francesca and Zuhrt, Christian and Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  title     = {Intramolecular dynamics of the cationic argon trimer},
  series = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  volume    = {1995, 03},
  journal   = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {11, [7] S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-27556,
  title     = {Chemie : Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Sekundarstufe II ; Gymnasium/Gesamtschule ; Allgemeine Chemie, organische Chemie},
  editor    = {Barthel, Helmut and Henning, Helmut and Kleinpeter, Erich and Ludwig, Eberhard and Uhlemann, Erhard and Barthel, Helmut},
  publisher = {Volk und Wissen},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {224 S.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-27434,
  title     = {Nahrung : internationale Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Lebensmittelforschung und -entwicklung},
  editor    = {Schwenke, Klaus Dieter},
  publisher = {VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Mederow1995,
  author    = {Mederow, Gabriele},
  title     = {Umweltchemie - Umweltanalytik : Experimente zur quantitativen Wasseranalyse},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {35 S.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-27424,
  title     = {Journal of the science of food and agriculture},
  editor    = {Schwenke, Klaus Dieter},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Chichester},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{RagnettiZuhrtZuelicke1995,
  author    = {Ragnetti, Francesca and Zuhrt, Christian and Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  title     = {Intramolecular dynamics of the cationic argon trimer},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {18 S.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{NguyenZuelicke1995,
  author    = {Nguyen, Huu Tong and Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  title     = {Potential energy surfaces for the interaction of H+ and H- atomic ions with the N2 molecule},
  series = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  volume    = {1995, 02},
  journal   = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {19 S.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-27192,
  title     = {Chemie : Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Sekundarstufe II ; Gymnasium/Gesamtschule ; Allgemeine Chemie, organische Chemie ; L{\"o}sungen},
  editor    = {Barthel, Helmut and Henning, Helmut and Kleinpeter, Erich and Ludwig, Eberhard and Uhlemann, Erhard and Barthel, Helmut},
  publisher = {Volk und Wissen},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {40 S.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Zuelicke1996,
  author    = {Zuelicke, Lutz},
  title     = {Trends: Theoretische Chemie - Reaktionsdynamik},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{VetterNguyenZuelicke1996,
  author    = {Vetter, Reinhard and Nguyen, Huu Tong and Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  title     = {Complete 3D potential energy surfaces for the two lowest electronic states of the system (N2H)+},
  series = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  volume    = {1996, 02},
  journal   = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {6, [8] S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{MicklerUhlemann1996,
  author    = {Mickler, Wulfhard and Uhlemann, Erhard},
  title     = {Studie zur Erstellung einer Stoffbilanz im Rahmen der projektbegleitenden Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung zum MUNR-Projekt "Photovoltaik" der GFS in Frankfurt/Oder : Abschlußbericht zum Werkvertrag},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {56 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Duvinage1996,
  author    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Computer und Modelle im Chemieunterricht : Vorlesungskonzentrate},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {20 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1996,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Wieviel Kalkstein wird zur Herstellung von einem Liter Cola gebraucht?},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {12 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1996,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Didaktik der Chemie : Vorlesungskonzentrate},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {60 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BarthelDuvinage1996,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut and Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Experimente mit Ozon},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {30 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1996,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Ozon : sporadische und exemplarische Anmerkungen zu einem Thema und seiner experimentellen Unterlegung},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {11 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Duvinage1997,
  author    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Stoffstr{\"o}me},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1997,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Kann der Sch{\"u}ler immer schl{\"u}ssige Folgerungen aus Experimentalergebnisse ableiten?},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1997,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Wieviel Kalkstein wird zur Herstellung von einem Liter cola gebraucht},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-24472,
  title     = {Chitin handbook},
  editor    = {Muzzarelli, A. A. Riccardo and Peter, Martin G.},
  publisher = {Atec Edizioni},
  address   = {Grottammare},
  isbn      = {88-86889-01-1},
  pages     = {528 S.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{RitschelMahapatraZuelicke1997,
  author    = {Ritschel, Thomas and Mahapatra, Susanta and Z{\"u}licke, Lutz},
  title     = {Classical trajectory calculations for inelastic scattering of protons by N2 Molecules},
  series = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  volume    = {1997, 01},
  journal   = {Technical Report / Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Potsdam},
  publisher = {Univ.},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {11 S., [10] S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Bechmann1997,
  author    = {Bechmann, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Neue Cocktails nur mit bew{\"a}hrten Rezepten? : Beitr{\"a}ge zur Aufkl{\"a}rung hemerober Geosysteme},
  series = {Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen},
  publisher = {Selbstverl. der Arbeitsgruppe Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {87 S.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-23691,
  title     = {Stoffstr{\"o}me und Textilien},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-22145,
  title     = {Einf{\"u}hrung chemischer Begriffe},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BarthelDuvinage1999,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut and Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {R{\"u}benzuckergewinnung experimentell behandelt},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Barthel1999,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut},
  title     = {Auch Clor entz{\"u}ndet spontan brennbare leichtfl{\"u}chtige Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Duvinage1999,
  author    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Chemie : Stoffe, Reaktionen, Umwelt},
  publisher = {Volk und Wissen},
  address   = {Berlin},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BarthelDuvinage1999,
  author    = {Barthel, Helmut and Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Ozon : Informationsmaterial zur Fortbildung von Chemielehrern},
  publisher = {Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-20533,
  title     = {Einfache Experimente},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-20532,
  title     = {Geschichte und Chemie},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Duvinage2000,
  author    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  title     = {Chemie f{\"u}r die Sekundarstufe II : f{\"u}r Grundkurse},
  editor    = {Glaum, Erwin},
  publisher = {D{\"u}mmler},
  address   = {Bonn},
  pages     = {XII, 444 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{ArndtArnoldBelter2000,
  author    = {Arndt, Barbara and Arnold, Karin and Belter, Heinz},
  title     = {Chemie : Stoffe, Reaktionen, Umwelt ; Ausgabe Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Realschule, 10, Lehrbuch},
  editor    = {Meyendorf, Gerhard},
  publisher = {Volk und Wissen},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {116 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BeckerEndischErnst2000,
  author    = {Becker, Frank M. and Endisch, Claus and Ernst, Christine},
  title     = {Lehrbuch : Chemie ; 10 ; Berlin},
  editor    = {Ernst, Christine and Wehser, Adria},
  publisher = {Paetec, Verl. f{\"u}r Bildungsmedien},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-89517-572-2},
  pages     = {152 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{ArndtArnoldBelter2000,
  author    = {Arndt, Barbara and Arnold, Karin and Belter, Heinz},
  title     = {Chemie : Stoffe, Reaktionen, Umwelt ; Ausgabe Sachsen-Anhalt, Sekundarschule, 7/8, Lehrbuch},
  editor    = {Meyendorf, Gerhard},
  publisher = {Volk und Wissen},
  address   = {Berlin},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{HartmannHauschild2000,
  author    = {Hartmann, Anett and Hauschild, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Chemie, Ausgabe Sachsen, Gymnasium : Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Klasse 10},
  publisher = {Paetec Schulbuchverl.},
  address   = {Bonn},
  isbn      = {3-89517-551-X},
  pages     = {128 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BechmannSchmidt2000,
  author    = {Bechmann, Wolfgang and Schmidt, Joachim},
  title     = {Struktur- und Stoffanalytik mit spektroskopischen Methoden},
  series = {Teubner Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie},
  journal   = {Teubner Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie},
  publisher = {Vieweg+Teubner Verlag},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {3-519-03552-9},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-322-80123-4},
  pages     = {179 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-18813,
  title     = {Alltagsstoffe, Stoffe, Reaktionen : von " Stoffe um uns" bis zu "Reaktion gesucht" ; Klassen 7 bis 10},
  series = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  volume    = {1},
  journal   = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-7614-3367-9},
  pages     = {254 S.},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-18726,
  title     = {Chemie : Band 2 PSE-S{\"a}uren-Salze-Elektrolyse ; von "Ein Sack voll Ionen" bis zu "So kann man Schienen schweißen" ; Klassen 7 bis 10},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-7614-2355-1},
  pages     = {272 S.},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-18725,
  title     = {Chemie : Band 1 Alltagsstoffe, Stoffe, Reaktionen ; von "Stoffe um uns" bis zu "Reaktion gesucht" ; Klassen 7 bis 10},
  volume    = {1},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis Verl. Deubner},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-7614-2267-9},
  pages     = {251 S.},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BechmannSchmidtElschenbroichetal.2001,
  author    = {Bechmann, Wolfgang and Schmidt, Joachim and Elschenbroich, Christoph and Hensel, Friedrich and Hopf, Henning},
  title     = {Einstieg in die Physikalische Chemie f{\"u}r Nebenf{\"a}chler},
  series = {Teubner Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie},
  journal   = {Teubner Studienb{\"u}cher Chemie},
  publisher = {Vieweg+Teubner Verlag},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {3-519-00352-X},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-322-94876-2},
  pages     = {303 S.},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Mit einer ausgewogenen Stoffauswahl wird der Leser an das Studium der Physikalischen Chemie herangef{\"u}hrt. Das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Theorie wird durch zahlreiche Aufgabenstellungen und die Angabe ihrer L{\"o}sungswege erleichtert. Das vorliegende Buch gibt dem Studenten dar{\"u}ber hinaus Anregungen f{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte Experimente zu den behandelten Teilgebieten. In der Durchf{\"u}hrung und Auswertung der Experimente kann der Student erneut {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, wie gut es ihm gelungen ist, ein Grundverst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r physikalisch-chemische Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu entwickeln.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{MicklerHoldtBukowsky2001,
  author    = {Mickler, Wulfhard and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Bukowsky, Heinz},
  title     = {Separation and Concentration of Pd(II) with Immobilized Maleonitrile-Dithiocrown Ethers},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Especially sulphur containing compounds are suitable for the separation of noble metals[ , ]. 1,2-Dithioethenes are weak chelate-forming ligands [ ]and in the case of bis(methylthio)maleonitrile[ ] the donor power of both of the sulphur atoms is further decreased by the electron withdrawing effect of the cyanogroups. Crowned dithiomaleonitrile are macrocyclic chelate ligands which extract Pd(II) at sufficient rate in a very good yields. The reason for that extraction behaviour is the fact that Pd(II) favours the square planar coordination geometry in opposite to the 3d- elements. The synthesis of the immobilized ligands proceeds from the 2-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol forming the dicarbon acid which is reduced to the diole. With the help of thionylchloride the dichloro compound is synthesized forming together with a dithiolate (1,2-disodium-1,2-dicyanethene-1,2-dithiolate, 1,2-disodium-4-methylbenzene-1,2-dithiolate [ ]) at high dilution conditions the macrocycle. Than the allysubstituted crown ether is sillylated and the resulting alkoxysilane is immobilised onto activated silca gel. The substituent forms in the same time a spacer should be modified in the future. By immobilisation at an inactive matrix the selectivity of the ligand should be applied for the accumulation of palladium from diluted solutions. The extraction was performed from nitric acid solution with a yield of 93\% into a ligand solution (chloroform, kerosine). The extraction equilibrium is reached after 10 min. By atomic absorption spectroscopy the metal concentration in the aqueous phase was determined to calculate the extraction rate. By modification of the cavity of the macrocyclus the extraction rate increases from the acyclic compound through maleonitrile-dithio-21-crown-7, maleonitrile-dithio-15-crown-5 and maleonitrile-18-crown-6. The best results can be observed at the maleonitrile-dithio-12-crown-4. The rise of the function lg D= f(lg L) gives the composition of the extracted compounds as 1:1. The separation is unsatisfactory in the case of Ag(I), Hg(II), Pt(II), Tl (I) and the most 3d-elements. Also Ni(II) as a representative for the 3d-elements shows only separations coefficients of 1.43?103 . Summarizing, a very good separation of palladium from the examined elements can be specified. Additional to the extraction experiments, as well as the crystal structures and by UV spectroscopy the formation constants of selected chelates were determined. The observed order corresponds to that found by the extraction of palladium in the system water/chloroform. In the case of maleonitrile-dithio-15-crown-5 Ag(I) is endocyclic coordinated with all donor atoms of the macrocyclus. Already maleonitrile-dithio-18-crown-6 can include the silver cation into its greater cavity. In these cases a 1:1 complex is formed. A 1:2 sandwich structure was noticed only in the case of the smaller ligand maleonitrile- dithio-12-crown-4. Obviously, the formation of that structure is not favoured in the system water/chloroform from which can be explained the unfavourable extraction results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-17551,
  title     = {PSE, S{\"a}uren, Salze, Elekrolyse : von "Ein Sack voll Ionen" bis zu "So kann man Schienen schweißen" ; Klassen 7 bis 10},
  series = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis Verl. Deubner},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-7614-2355-1},
  pages     = {272 S.},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-14420,
  title     = {Rund um organische Stoffe : von " Das schm{\"u}ckt dich" bis zu "Leichtgewichte sind gefragt" ; Klassen 7 bis 10},
  series = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Z.E.U.S.-Materialien : Chemie},
  editor    = {Duvinage, Brigitte},
  publisher = {Aulis Verl. Deubner},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-7614-2420-5},
  pages     = {257 S.},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Arbeitsblattmaterial f{\"u}r Chemielehre},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{KoetzKosmella2007,
  author    = {Koetz, Joachim and Kosmella, Sabine},
  title     = {Polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles},
  series = {Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science},
  journal   = {Springer laboratory manuals in polymer science},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  isbn      = {3-540-46381-X},
  pages     = {105 S.},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{BuddrusSchmidt2015,
  author    = {Buddrus, Joachim and Schmidt, Bernd},
  title     = {Grundlagen der organischen Chemie},
  edition   = {5., {\"u}berarb. und aktualisierte Aufl.},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-030559-3},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {946},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}