@article{ZhangWielandReicheetal.2012,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuodong and Wieland, Ralf and Reiche, Matthias and Funk, Roger and Hoffmann, Carsten and Li, Yong and Sommer, Michael},
  title     = {Identifying sensitive areas to wind erosion in the xilingele grassland by computational fluid dynamics modelling},
  series = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1574-9541},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.12.002},
  pages     = {37 -- 47},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In order to identify the areas in the Xilingele grassland which are sensitive to wind erosion, a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD-WEM) was used to simulate the wind fields over a region of 37 km(2) which contains different topography and land use types. Previous studies revealed the important influences of topography and land use on wind erosion in the Xilingele grassland. Topography influences wind fields at large scale, and land use influences wind fields near the ground. Two steps were designed to implement the CFD wind simulation, and they were respectively to simulate the influence of topography and surface roughness on the wind. Digital elevation model (DEM) and surface roughness length were the key inputs for the CFD simulation. The wind simulation by CFD-WEM was validated by a wind data set which was measured simultaneously at six positions in the field. Three scenarios with different wind velocities were designed based on observed dust storm events, and wind fields were simulated according to these scenarios to predict the sensitive areas to wind erosion. General assumptions that cropland is the most sensitive area to wind erosion and heavily and moderately grazed grasslands are both sensitive etc. can be refined by the modelling of CFD-WEM. Aided by the results of this study, the land use planning and protection measures against wind erosion can be more efficient. Based on the case study in the Xilingele grassland, a method of regional wind erosion assessment aided by CFD wind simulation is summarized. The essence of this method is a combination of CFD wind simulation and determination of threshold wind velocity for wind erosion. Because of the physically-based simulation and the flexibility of the method, it can be generalised to other regions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangWielandReicheetal.2012,
  author    = {Zhang, Zhuo-dong and Wieland, Ralf and Reiche, Matthias and Funk, Roger and Hoffmann, Carsten and Li, Yong and Sommer, Michael},
  title     = {A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation: model implementation and experimental validation},
  series = {Journal of Zhejiang University : an international journal ; Science A, Applied physics \& engineering : an international applied physics \& engineering journal},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of Zhejiang University : an international journal ; Science A, Applied physics \& engineering : an international applied physics \& engineering journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Zhejiang University Press},
  address   = {Hangzou},
  issn      = {1673-565X},
  doi       = {10.1631/jzus.A1100231},
  pages     = {274 -- 283},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.},
  language  = {en}
}