@article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy}, series = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, volume = {209}, journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059}, pages = {155 -- 162}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {55}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12138}, pages = {69 -- 76}, year = {2014}, abstract = {ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselBaldusSchmidtetal.2016, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Baldus, Christiane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Thomasius, Rainer and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study}, series = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, volume = {163}, journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Clare}, issn = {0376-8716}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.012}, pages = {251 -- 255}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n = 307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire. Results: At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n = 28 participants (9.1\%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{WyschkonSchulzGallitetal.2017, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Schulz, Franziska and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Moraske, Svenja and Bondue, Rebecca and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {Bern}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000535}, pages = {107 -- 122}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen (LRS) {\"u}ber gut 5 Jahre unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das sp{\"a}tere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Sch{\"u}ler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn f{\"u}r das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erf{\"u}llt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe St{\"o}rungspersistenz von knapp 70 \% auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Sch{\"u}ler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zur{\"u}ck. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Sch{\"u}ler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Daf{\"u}r sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Pr{\"a}valenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.}, language = {de} } @article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2008, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Basisdiagnostik Umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen im Grundschulalter (BUEGA)}, issn = {1864-6050}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2009, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Sind Rechenst{\"o}rungen genau so h{\"a}ufig wie Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen?}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917.37.6.499}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Is a specific disorder of arithmetic skills as common as reading/spelling disorder?Background: Referring to the prevalence rates of learning disorders in the research literature, the numbers of mathematics disorder and reading/ spelling disorder are often reported to be identical. However, the correlation between intelligence level and reading/ spelling skills is much weaker than between intelligence and arithmetic skills. If the same definition criterion is applied to both disorders, a lower prevalence rate for mathematics disorder should be expected. Objective: Are there differences in the prevalence estimates for learning disorders depending on the definition criterion? Method: A large representative sample of German students (N = 1970) was used to review the hypothesis. Results: Depending on the definition criterion, we could show a prevalence range of mathematics disorder between 0.1\% and 8.1\% in the same sample. Using the same definition criterion for both learning disorders, there are two to three times as many students with reading/spelling disorder than those with mathematics disorder. Discussion: Whenever children with reading/spelling disorder are compared to children with mathematics disorder, the same definition criterion has to be applied.}, language = {de} } @article{WyschkonEsser2006, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Klinische Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychologie : Forschungslinien und offene Fragen in den letzten vier Jahren}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{WyschkonEsser2008, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Enuresis}, isbn = {978-3-13-126083-3}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Die meisten Kinder werden mit 2 bis 4 Jahren am Tage und in der Nacht trocken. Gem{\"a}ß den klinisch- diagnostischen Leitlinien der ICD-10 (WHO 1993) spricht man von einer Enuresis, wenn es am Tag oder in der Nacht zu einem Entleeren der Blase in die Kleidung bzw. das Bett kommt, die relativ zum geistigen Entwicklungsstand der Person abnorm ist und nicht auf organische Ursachen zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden kann. Die St{\"o}rungen der Blasenkontrolle d{\"u}rfen nicht als Folge einer neurologischen Erkrankung, epileptischer Anf{\"a}lle oder einer strukturellen Anomalie der ableitenden Harnwege auftreten. Gem{\"a}ß den Forschungskriterien der ICD-10 (WHO 1994) muss das einn{\"a}ssende Kind nach seinem Lebens- und geistigen Alter mindestens 5 Jahre alt sein, um von einer nichtorganischen Enuresis (F 98.0) zu sprechen (in den klinisch-diagnostischen Leitlinien wird ein geistiger Entwicklungsstand gefordert, der mindestens dem eines Vierj{\"a}hrigen entspricht). Um die Diagnose zu erhalten, m{\"u}ssen Kinder unter 7 Jahren zumindest 2mal monatlich, 7-j{\"a}hrige oder {\"a}ltere Kinder wenigstens einmal im Monat einn{\"a}ssen. Die Symptomdauer sollte mindestens 3 Monate betragen. In der Literatur wird synonym zum Begriff der "nichtorganischen Enuresis" h{\"a}ufig die Bezeichnung "funktionelle Enuresis" verwendet. Auch nach dem DSM-IV (Saß et al. 1996) sollten die Kinder f{\"u}r die Diagnose einer Enuresis (307.6) zumindest ein Entwicklungsalter von 5 Jahren aufweisen und die Symptomatik muss wenigstens seit 3 Monaten bestehen. Im Unterschied zur ICD-10 wird das Einn{\"a}ssen erst dann als klinisch bedeutsam beurteilt, wenn es mindestens 2mal w{\"o}chentlich auftritt. Ist dies nicht gegeben, kann die Diagnose dennoch gestellt werden, wenn durch das Einn{\"a}ssen klinisch bedeutsames Leiden hervorgerufen wird oder Beeintraechtigungen in sozialen, schulischen (beruflichen) oder anderen wichtigen Funktionsbereichen entstehen. Die Forderung eines 2mal w{\"o}chentlichen Einn{\"a}ssens erscheint deutlich zu streng, w{\"a}hrend das ein- bzw. 2malige Einn{\"a}ssen pro Monat ein sehr weiches Kriterium darstellt. V. Gontard (1998b) empfiehlt, Einn{\"a}ssen dann als klinisch bedeutsam einzusch{\"a}tzen, wenn dies mindestens einmal w{\"o}chentlich auftritt.}, language = {de} } @article{WittigEsser2010, author = {Wittig, Kirsten and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Erstgespr{\"a}che mit Kindern und Jugendlichen}, isbn = {978-3-456-84781-8}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{WittBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2011, author = {Witt, Stephanie H. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Nieratschker, Vanessa and Treutlein, Jens and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Bidlingmaier, Martin and Wiedemann, Klaus and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred and Wuest, Stefan and Zimmermann, Ulrich S.}, title = {An interaction between a neuropeptide Y gene polymorphism and early adversity modulates endocrine stress responses}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {36}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.015}, pages = {1010 -- 1020}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Interindividual variability in the regulation of the human stress system accounts for a part of the individual's liability to stress-related diseases. These differences are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Early childhood adversity is a well-studied environmental factor affecting an individual's stress response which has been shown to be modulated by gene environment interaction (GxE). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in stress regulation and genetic variation in NPY may influence stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the association of a common variant in the NPY gene promoter, rs16147, with cortisol and ACTH responses to acute psychosocial stress in young adults from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early adversity from birth into adulthood. We found evidence of a GxE interaction between rs16147 and early adversity significantly affecting HPA axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanisms linking early adverse experience and later neuroendocrine stress regulation are modulated by a gene variant whose functional relevance is documented by increasing convergent evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies.}, language = {en} } @article{WeindrichJennenSteinmetzLauchtetal.1998, author = {Weindrich, D. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {At risk for language disorders? : correlates and course of language disorders in preschool children born at risk}, issn = {0803-5253}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{WeindrichJennenSteinmetzLauchtetal.2000, author = {Weindrich, D. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Epidemiology and prognosis of specific disorders of language and scholastic skills}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{VianaWackermannFurtadoEsseretal.2006, author = {Viana-Wackermann, Paula C. and Furtado, Erikson F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Lower P300 amplitude in eight-year-old offspring of alcoholic fathers with a delinquent history}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-006-0709-8}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate the P300 amplitude as a possible vulnerability marker in children of alcoholic (COA) fathers with and without paternal delinquency. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of 122 children aged 8 years (63 boys, 59 girls) were compared depending on father's alcoholism subtype: 30 COAs without paternal delinquency, 10 COAs with paternal delinquency, and 82 children of non-alcoholic and non-delinquent fathers. ERPs were recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz, using an auditory oddball paradigm. Sinus tones of 60 dB HL were presented binaurally at 1,000 Hz (standard stimulus) and 2,000 Hz (target stimulus), at a relative frequency ratio of 80:20. Two trial blocks of 250 stimuli each were collected. Results indicated that only COAs with paternal delinquency displayed significant differences from the control group, characterized by reduced P300 amplitude at frontal site and in the second trial block. Thus, the combination of fathers' alcoholism and delinquency was more likely to relate to attenuated P300 amplitude in the offspring than paternal alcoholism alone. Our results suggest that both alcoholic and delinquent family history appear to play a role in P300 amplitude reduction in the offspring.}, language = {en} } @article{TetznerKlieglKraheetal.2017, author = {Tetzner, Julia and Kliegl, Reinhold and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Developmental problems in adolescence}, series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {53}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.003}, pages = {40 -- 53}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This longitudinal study investigated patterns of developmental problems across depression, aggression, and academic achievement during adolescence, using two measurement points two years apart (N = 1665; age T1: M = 13.14; female = 49.6\%). Latent Profile Analyses and Latent Transition Analyses yielded four main findings: A three-type solution provided the best fit to the data: an asymptomatic type (i.e., low problem scores in all three domains), a depressed type (i.e., high scores in depression), an aggressive type (i.e., high scores in aggression). Profile types were invariant over the two data waves but differed between girls and boys, revealing gender specific patterns of comorbidity. Stabilities over time were high for the asymptomatic type and for types that represented problems in one domain, but moderate for comorbid types. Differences in demographic variables (i.e., age, socio-economic status) and individual characteristics (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional cognitions, cognitive capabilities) predicted profile type memberships and longitudinal transitions between types.}, language = {en} } @article{StoehrLauchtEsseretal.2000, author = {St{\"o}hr, R.-M. and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Die Geburt eines Geschwisters : Chancen und Risiken f{\"u}r das erstgeborene Kind}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @article{StraubHaenschBallaschketal.2009, author = {Straub, Hans-Beatus and Haensch, Sylvana and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {The Brandenburg questionnaire for quality of life in epilepsy patients : a new, short and valid instrument}, issn = {0013-9580}, doi = {10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02156.x}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{SteigleiderLauchtEsseretal.2002, author = {Steigleider, Petra and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigte kognitive und motorische Leistungen bei 8-j{\"a}hrigen Kindern mit sehr niedrigem Geburtsgewicht}, issn = {0084-5345}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @misc{SchulzWyschkonGallitetal.2018, author = {Schulz, Franziska and Wyschkon, Anne and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Moraske, Svenja and Kucian, Karin and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Rechenprobleme von Grundschulkindern}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {634}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44138}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441388}, pages = {67 -- 80}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Ziel war die Untersuchung des Verlaufs von Kindern mit Rechenst{\"o}rungen bzw. Rechenschw{\"a}chen. Neben der Persistenz wurden Auswirkungen von Rechenproblemen auf k{\"u}nftige Rechenleistungen sowie den Schulerfolg gepr{\"u}ft. Methodik: F{\"u}r 2909 Sch{\"u}ler der 2. bis 5. Klasse liegen die Resultate standardisierter Rechen- und Intelligenztests vor. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 37 und 68 Mona-ten erneut untersucht worden. Ergebnisse: Die Pr{\"a}valenz von Rechenst{\"o}rungen betrug 1.4 \%, Rechenschw{\"a}chen traten bei 11.2 \% auf. Rechen-probleme zeigten eine mittlere bis hohe Persistenz. Sch{\"u}ler mit Rechenschw{\"a}che blieben im Rechnen gut eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und ca. eine halbe Standardabweichung hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern zur{\"u}ck. Der allgemeine Schulerfolg rechenschwacher Probanden (definiert {\"u}ber Mathematiknote, Deutschnote und Schultyp) {\"a}hnelte dem der unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollgruppe und blieb hinter dem Schulerfolg durchschnittlich intelligenter Kontrollkinder zur{\"u}ck. Eingangs {\"a}ltere Probanden mit Rechenproblemen (4. bis 5. Klasse) wiesen eine schlechtere Prognose auf als Kinder, die zu Beginn die 2. oder 3. Klasse besuchten. Schluss-folgerungen: Rechenprobleme stellen ein ernsthaftes Entwicklungsrisiko dar. L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchungen, die Kinder mit streng definierter Rechenst{\"o}rung bis ins Erwachsenenalter begleiten und Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedlich erfolgreiche Verl{\"a}ufe ermitteln, sind dringend notwendig.}, language = {de} } @article{SchneiderMuellerEsser2005, author = {Schneider, A. and M{\"u}ller, D. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {EEG-Koh{\"a}renzanalyse zur Untersuchung eines Automatisierungsdefizits bei Lese-Rechtschreib-St{\"o}rung und ADHS : eine Pilotstudie}, isbn = {3-89967-220-8}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{SchneiderEsserSommerfeld2003, author = {Schneider, A. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Sommerfeld, E.}, title = {EEG coherence analysis for examining an automatizational deficit in dyslexia : a pilot study}, issn = {1422-4917}, year = {2003}, abstract = {EEG coherence analysis for examining an automatizational deficit in dyslexia - a pilot study Objectives: Do dyslexic children exhibit a general automatizational deficit as well as a phonological deficit? Methods: In 1,6 children aged 9-11 years the reaction time, the number of mistakes and EEG (19 scalp electrodes) were measured in three experiments (verbal and nonverbal). The EEG data was baseline-corrected and after a fast fourier transformation, analyzed with the coherence tool of the Brainvision(C) Software. Results: The dyslexic group made more mistakes than the control group on all tasks but their reaction times were significantly longer only on the verbal tasks. There were no coherence differences on the nonverbal task. On the language-dependent tasks the dyslexics showed higher total-frontal and lower left-frontal coherences only in the theta-frequency range, while in the alpha and beta frequency ranges coherences did not differ. Conclusions: A language-dependent cognitive automatizational deficit in the dyslexic group is assumed that is depicted by the higher synchronization of total-frontal coherences (involvement of the central executive) and is based on the less established functional coupling of cortical subsystems for language processing}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtLayIhleetal.2001, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Bedeutung von Dunkelfelddelikten f{\"u}r episodische und fortgesetzte Delinquenz}, year = {2001}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtIhleEsseretal.2002, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Entwicklung und Persistenz von Hell- und Dunkelfelddelinquenz im Jugend- und fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Ziel der Untersuchung war die Bedeutung der Dunkelfelddelinquenz f{\"u}r die Prognose der Delinquenzentwicklung und die Bedeutung psychiatrischer Auff{\"a}lligkeiten f{\"u}r Entstehen und Verlauf psychischer St{\"o}rungen zu kl{\"a}ren. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 281 25-J{\"a}hrigen, die im Alter von 8, 13 und 18 Jahren psychiatrisch untersucht, und die mit 18 und 25 Jahren bez{\"u}glich ihrer Dunkelfelddelinquenz befragt worden waren. Es ergab sich ein klarer Zusammenhang erh{\"o}hter Dunkelfelddelinquenzraten mit gerichtlich bestrafter Delinquenz im Jugendalter. Bei Einbeziehung der Dunkelfelddelinquenz in die Prognose mußte die Wahrscheinlichkeit f{\"u}r den Ausblick auf delinquenten Karrieren von 76 \% auf 44 \% nach unten korrigiert werden, entsprechend stieg der Anteil von erwachsener als auch fortgesetzter Delinquenz. Die Mehrheit der sp{\"a}ter gerichtlich bestraften Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen war im Alter von 8 und 13 Jahren psychiatrisch unauff{\"a}llig gewesen. Als {\"u}berlegene Pr{\"a}diktoren stellten sich umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen und widrige famili{\"a}re Bedingungen im Grund- und Hauptschulalter heraus. Als Konsequenz muß die Dunkelfelddelinquenz bei der Verlaufsprognose delinquenten Verhaltens im Jugendalter ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Pr{\"a}ventive {\"U}berlegungen m{\"u}ssen sich auf Kinder mit umschriebenen Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen und solche, die in widrigen famili{\"a}ren Verh{\"a}ltnissen leben, mehr konzentrieren als auf Kinder mit hyperkinetischen und dissozialen St{\"o}rungen. Schl{\"u}sselw{\"o}rter: Delinquenz, Dunkelfelddelinquenz, Entwicklung und Verlauf}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtGeroldEsser1998, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Seelische Gesundheit versus psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten in einer repr{\"a}sentativen Stichprobe junger Erwachsener}, isbn = {3-540-64492-x}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtEsserLaucht1997, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Die Entwicklung nach biologischen und psychsozialen Risiken in der fr{\"u}hen Kindheit}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.2009, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Die Bedeutung psychischer und famili{\"a}rer Faktoren f{\"u}r die Delinquenzentwicklung bis ins Erwachsenenalter}, issn = {0026-9301}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Es werden Befunde aus einer prospektiven Laengsschnittstudie praesentiert, in der 321 Probanden im Alter von 8, 13, 18 und 25 Jahren untersucht werden konnten; ihre Dunkelfelddelinquenz wurde mit 18 und 25 Jahren erfasst. Wir suchten nach Assoziationen zur Delinquenzentwicklung und erwarteten Unterschiede zwischen auf das Jugendalter beschraenkter gegenueber ins fruehe Erwachsenenalter fortgesetzter sowie spaet, d.h. nach dem Alter von 18 Jahren, beginnender Delinquenz. Wir fanden gemeinsame Risikofaktoren und fuer die drei Verlaufstypen spezifische Risikokonstellationen, die eher im Jugendalter als in der Kindheit identifiziert wurden. Widrige familiaere Bedingungen, Entwicklungsverzoegerungen und psychische Stoerungen scheinen mit Delinquenz als eher persistentem Verhalten assoziiert.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.1998, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Psychosomatic and depressive symptoms at age eight and age eighteen}, issn = {0065-2008}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.1999, author = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara}, title = {Dissozialit{\"a}t : Vorstufe von Jugendkriminalit{\"a}t?}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidHohmBlomeyeretal.2007, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Hohm, Erika and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a group at risk}, issn = {0735-0414}, doi = {10.1093/alcalc/agm024}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Aims: To investigate whether concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a subgroup that differs from users of one substance only regarding several risk factors for later substance use problems. Methods: Participants were from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 384 children at risk for later psychopathology, with the majority being born with obstetric complications and psychosocial adversities. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption and related intrapersonal characteristics were obtained at age 15. Results: Compared to consumers of alcohol only, 15-year-olds drinking and smoking during the same time period (past 4 weeks) had significantly higher levels of consumption and more excessive use of alcohol, started drinking at an earlier age, had higher scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and more cannabis use. This group could be distinguished from users of alcohol only by higher novelty seeking and more positive alcohol effect expectancies. Compared to consumers of tobacco only, concurrent users reported higher nicotine dependence and more cannabis use. No significant differences were observed regarding frequency and age at initiation of tobacco use, tobacco-related sensitivity, self- efficacy and instrumentality as well as novelty seeking. Conclusions: Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence is associated with characteristics that are well known as risk factors for later alcohol use problems and dependence and that should be targeted by prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBuchmannTrautmannVillalbaetal.2013, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Maternal stimulation in infancy predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in young men}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {120}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-013-0970-8}, pages = {1247 -- 1257}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Evidence from animal research has demonstrated the effect of early maternal care on the offspring's endocrine and behavioral stress response in adulthood. The present prospective study investigates, in humans, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother-child interaction on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in adulthood. The data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a 10-min standardized nursing and playing situation and evaluated by trained raters for maternal stimulation and infant and maternal responsiveness. At age 19 years, 270 participants (146 females, 124 males) completed the Trier Social Stress Test. The results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction at age 3 months predicted diminished plasma ACTH and cortisol increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in male, but not female offspring. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was found to be unrelated to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reactivity. In accordance with the findings from animal research, the present study provides prospective evidence in humans of a long-term association between early maternal interaction behavior and the offspring's hormonal stress response in young adulthood, suggesting that poor maternal stimulation in early infancy may result in reduced HPA axis reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor in males.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2011, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Quality of early mother-child interaction associated with depressive psychopathology in the offspring - a prospective study from infancy to adulthood}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {45}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.010}, pages = {1387 -- 1394}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Evidence from animal research has revealed that less maternal care results in disturbed emotionality in the offspring. In the present study, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother child interaction on depressive psychopathology was examined until adulthood. Data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness and stimulation as well as infant responsiveness were evaluated by trained raters. At age 19 years, 314 participants (145 males, 169 females) were characterized on measures of depression through interview and questionnaire. In addition, measures of depression and anxiety were available from assessments in childhood. Results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction was associated with a higher risk of depression in the offspring until the age of 19 years. In addition, children of less stimulating mothers showed more depressive symptoms at age 19 years and displayed more anxiety and depressive symptoms between the ages of 4.5 and 15 years. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was unrelated to children's outcome. In accordance with findings from animal research, the present study provides first longitudinal evidence in humans of a continuous and long-term influence of early maternal interaction behavior on the offspring's psychological adjustment until adulthood. The results suggest that the amount of maternally initiated contact behavior in a very early developmental stage may be crucial for children's mental health, regardless of child and maternal responsiveness.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBlomeyerBeckeretal.2009, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds}, issn = {1355-6215}, doi = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two DAT1 polymorphisms and different initiation ages with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption levels and dependence. Two hundred and ninety-one young adults (135 males, 156 females) participating in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were genotyped for the 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and rs27072 polymorphisms of DAT1. Age at initiation was assessed at age 15 and 19 years. Information about current alcohol and tobacco consumption was obtained at age 19 years using self-report measures and structured interviews. Results suggest that age at onset of intensive consumption moderated the association of the DAT1 gene with early adult substance use and dependence, revealing a DAT1 effect only among individuals homozygous for the 10r allele of the 40-bp VNTR who had started daily smoking or being intoxicated early in life. Equally, carriers of the T allele of the rs27072 polymorphism reporting an early age at first intoxication showed higher current alcohol consumption at age 19 years. In contrast, no interaction between rs27072 and the age at first cigarette with regard to later smoking was observed. These findings provide evidence that the DAT1 gene interacts with an early heavy or regular drug exposure of the maturing adolescent brain to predict substance (ab)use in young adulthood. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.}, language = {en} } @article{ReisMeyerProbstEsseretal.1998, author = {Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Ereignisbelastung, soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung und seelische Gesundheit zweier verbundener Generationen in Mannheim und Rostock}, isbn = {3-7799-0941-3}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @misc{RauscherKohnKaeseretal.2016, author = {Rauscher, Larissa and Kohn, Juliane and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Mayer, Verena and Kucian, Karin and McCaskey, Ursina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Evaluation of a computer-based training program for enhancing arithmetic skills and spatial number representation in primary school children}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {430}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406727}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6-8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation.}, language = {en} } @article{RauscherKohnKaeseretal.2016, author = {Rauscher, Larissa and Kohn, Juliane and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Mayer, Verena and Kucian, Karin and McCaskey, Ursina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Evaluation of a Computer-Based Training Program for Enhancing Arithmetic Skills and Spatial Number Representation in Primary School Children}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00913}, pages = {14086 -- 14099}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6-8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation.}, language = {en} } @article{PoustkaZohselBlomeyeretal.2015, author = {Poustka, Luise and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmid, Brigitte and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Hohmann, Sarah and Becker, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interacting effects of maternal responsiveness, infant regulatory problems and dopamine D4 receptor gene in the development of dysregulation during childhood: A longitudinal analysis}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {70}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychires.2015.08.018}, pages = {83 -- 90}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Recent longitudinal studies have indicated that affective and behavioral dysregulation in childhood is associated with an increased risk for various negative outcomes in later life. However, few studies to date have examined early mechanisms preceding dysregulation during early childhood. Aim of this study was to elucidate early mechanisms relating to dysregulation in later life using data from an epidemiological cohort study on the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness was evaluated by trained raters. Infant regulatory problems were assessed on the basis of a parent interview and direct observation by trained raters. At age 8 and 11 years, 290 children (139 males) were rated on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, participants were genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon 3 VNTR polymorphism. A significant three-way interaction between maternal responsiveness, DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems was detected predicting the CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP). Carriers of the DRD4 7r allele with regulatory problems at age 3 months showed significantly more behavior problems associated with the CBCL-DP during childhood when exposed to less maternal responsiveness. In contrast, no effect of maternal responsiveness was observed in DRD4 7r carriers without infant regulatory problems and in non-carriers of the DRD4 7r allele. This prospective longitudinal study extends earlier findings regarding the association of the CBCL-DP with early parenting and later psychopathology, introducing both DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems as important moderators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{PoltzQuandteKohnetal.2022, author = {Poltz, Nadine and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn, Juliane and Kucian, Karin and Wyschkon, Anne and von Aster, Michael and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Does It Count? Pre-School Children's Spontaneous Focusing on Numerosity and Their Development of Arithmetical Skills at School}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56028}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560283}, pages = {1 -- 18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Children's spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) is related to numerical skills. This study aimed to examine (1) the developmental trajectory of SFON and (2) the interrelations between SFON and early numerical skills at pre-school as well as their influence on arithmetical skills at school. Method: Overall, 1868 German pre-school children were repeatedly assessed until second grade. Nonverbal intelligence, visual attention, visuospatial working memory, SFON and numerical skills were assessed at age five (M = 63 months, Time 1) and age six (M = 72 months, Time 2), and arithmetic was assessed at second grade (M = 95 months, Time 3). Results: SFON increased significantly during pre-school. Path analyses revealed interrelations between SFON and several numerical skills, except number knowledge. Magnitude estimation and basic calculation skills (Time 1 and Time 2), and to a small degree number knowledge (Time 2), contributed directly to arithmetic in second grade. The connection between SFON and arithmetic was fully mediated by magnitude estimation and calculation skills at pre-school. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SFON first and foremost influences deeper understanding of numerical concepts at pre-school and—in contrast to previous findings -affects only indirectly children's arithmetical development at school.}, language = {en} } @article{PoltzQuandteKohnetal.2022, author = {Poltz, Nadine and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn, Juliane and Kucian, Karin and Wyschkon, Anne and von Aster, Michael and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Does It Count? Pre-School Children's Spontaneous Focusing on Numerosity and Their Development of Arithmetical Skills at School}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, edition = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci12030313}, pages = {1 -- 18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Children's spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) is related to numerical skills. This study aimed to examine (1) the developmental trajectory of SFON and (2) the interrelations between SFON and early numerical skills at pre-school as well as their influence on arithmetical skills at school. Method: Overall, 1868 German pre-school children were repeatedly assessed until second grade. Nonverbal intelligence, visual attention, visuospatial working memory, SFON and numerical skills were assessed at age five (M = 63 months, Time 1) and age six (M = 72 months, Time 2), and arithmetic was assessed at second grade (M = 95 months, Time 3). Results: SFON increased significantly during pre-school. Path analyses revealed interrelations between SFON and several numerical skills, except number knowledge. Magnitude estimation and basic calculation skills (Time 1 and Time 2), and to a small degree number knowledge (Time 2), contributed directly to arithmetic in second grade. The connection between SFON and arithmetic was fully mediated by magnitude estimation and calculation skills at pre-school. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SFON first and foremost influences deeper understanding of numerical concepts at pre-school and—in contrast to previous findings -affects only indirectly children's arithmetical development at school.}, language = {en} } @article{PolowczykTrautmannVillalbaDinterJoergetal.2000, author = {Polowczyk, M. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Dinter-J{\"o}rg, Monika and Gerold, M. and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Auff{\"a}llige Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Vorschulalter bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischen und Sozialverhaltensauff{\"a}lligkeiten}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @article{PitzerSchmidtEsseretal.2001, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Child development after maternal tocolysis with beta-sympathomimetic drugs}, year = {2001}, abstract = {The psycho-social development of both preterm and term children (n=347) whose mothers reported tocolytic treatment was assessed at the ages of 2, 4.5, 8 years. Term children exposed to tocolysis showed a higher rate of psychiatric disorders as well as poorer cognitive and motor performance than controls. In the preterm children no adverse impact of tocolysis could be found. The results are discussed concerning possible ways in which tocolytic treatment may influence child development. Restrictions because of the preliminary character of this study and the need of further prospective studies to clarify the developmental impact of tocolysis are also considered.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study}, series = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0196-206X}, doi = {10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474}, pages = {18 -- 26}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Differential susceptibility to environmental influences the role of early temperament and parenting in the development of externalizing problems}, series = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association}, volume = {52}, journal = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0010-440X}, doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.10.017}, pages = {650 -- 658}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: A difficult or undercontrolled temperament, as well as harsh parental discipline or a lack of warmth, has long been regarded as risk factors for the development of externalizing problems. In addition, it has been suggested that children with difficult temperament are especially susceptible to rearing influences. We investigated the impact of early temperament and parenting and their interactions on externalizing behavior at school age. Methods: Participants were 148 boys and 160 girls from a prospective longitudinal study on a high-risk sample. At ages 3 months and 2 years, temperament was assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. Maternal parenting was assessed by videotaped behavioral observation and a parent questionnaire. Externalizing problems at age 8 years were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, we found that externalizing problems were predicted by psychosocial adversity and poor self-control, whereas no main effect for restrictive parenting or maternal empathy was found. Fearful-inhibited boys were positively affected by empathic and sensitive parenting, whereas girls who were low in self-control and/or fearful developed less externalizing problems with restrictive parenting. Conclusion: Our results partly support the differential susceptibility hypothesis. In addition, they point toward gender-specific pathways in the development of externalizing problems.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2007, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Temperament in the developmental course : a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study-derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory}, issn = {0010-440X}, doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.007}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Objective: Despite theoretical discrepancies between different concepts of temperament, some core dimensions are thought to be common to the various models. We compared temperamental traits derived from the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) model and the Cloninger dimensions in the developmental course and investigated the associations of temperament with sex as well as with obstetric risks or psychosocial risks present at birth. - Methods: Participants were 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk from a longitudinal study on a high-risk community sample. In infancy and childhood, NYLS-derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory/1218 was administered. - Results: Moderate correlations were found between Junior Temperament and Character Inventory scales in adolescence and NYLS-derived factors in childhood. The psychosocial risk load seemed to influence the expression of novelty seeking or corresponding NYLS-derived factors, whereas the obstetric risks did not contribute to variation in temperament. Our findings further support highly sex-specific gene x environment interactions on temperament in the developmental course. - Conclusion: The content of our NYLS-derived factors and the specific type of association across different temperament constructs fit into the increasing consensus regarding a small number of higher-order temperamental traits. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2009, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Temperamental predictors of externalizing problems among boys and girls : a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample from ages 3 months to 15 years}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-009-0009-1}, year = {2009}, abstract = {In a high-risk community sample, we examined the role of regulative temperament and emotionality as well as the extent of gender specificity in the development of externalizing problems. 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were followed from birth into adolescence. In infancy and childhood, NYLS- derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, externalizing problems were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. As revealed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression, low regulative abilities predicted adolescent behavioral and attentional problems over and above obstetric and psychosocial risks. Gender specificity was found in the strength of the association rather than in the kind with a stronger long-term prediction from infant and toddler temperament in girls. Compared to regulative abilities, temperament factors describing aspects of mood and fear/withdrawal versus approach tendencies played a minor role in the development of externalizing problems. Findings are discussed in terms of gender-specific risk factors and possible differential developmental trajectories to subtypes of disruptive behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2010, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Early predictors of antisocial developmental pathways among boys and girls}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Objective: We investigated in a high-risk sample the differential impact of biological and psychosocial risk factors on antisocial behaviour pathways. Method: One hundred and thirty-eight boys and 155 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were examined from birth until adolescence. Childhood temperament was assessed by a highly-structured parent-interview and standardized behavioural observations, adolescent temperament was measured by self-report. Neurodevelopmental variables were assessed by age-specific developmental tests. Emotional and behaviour problems were measured at the ages of 8 and 15 by the Achenbach scales. Results: In both genders, psychosocial adversity and early self-control temperament were strongly associated with early-onset persistent (EOP) antisocial behaviour. Psychosocial adversity and more severe externalizing problems differentiated the EOP from childhood-limited (CL) pathway. In girls, adolescent-onset (AO) antisocial behaviour was strongly associated with novelty seeking at 15 years. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for early support and intervention in psychosocially disadvantaged families.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Hohm, Erika and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2}, pages = {631 -- 641}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child's temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy-difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children's temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.}, language = {en} } @article{PietzFaetkenheuerBurgardetal.1997, author = {Pietz, J. and F{\"a}tkenheuer, Brigitte and Burgard, P. and Armbruster, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Psychiatric disorders in adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{NikitopoulosZohselBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Nikitopoulos, Joerg and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Becker, Katja and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {59}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.012}, pages = {53 -- 59}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @misc{MoraskeWyschkonPoltzetal.2018, author = {Moraske, Svenja and Wyschkon, Anne and Poltz, Nadine and Kucian, Karin and Aster, Michael and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {LRS-Pr{\"a}vention bei Risikokindern}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {672}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44142}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441426}, pages = {171 -- 183}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie war die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Wirksamkeit einer vorschulischen F{\"o}rderung der phonologischen Bewusstheit und der Buchstaben-Laut-Verkn{\"u}pfung bei Kindern mit einem Risiko f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung (LRS) unter Bedingungen, die sich am Alltag der Kindertagesst{\"a}tten orientierten und somit auch bei einem breiten Einsatz des Programms eine relativ {\"o}konomische Variante darstellen. Methodik: Die Risikokinder der Trainingsgruppe (n = 20) wurden {\"u}ber 11 Wochen mit den Programmen H{\"o}ren, Lauschen, Lernen 1 und 2 (K{\"u}spert \& Schneider, 2008; Plume \& Schneider, 2004) von Erzieherinnen gef{\"o}rdert. Sie wurden einer nicht-gef{\"o}rderten Risiko-Kontrollgruppe (n = 43) hinsichtlich ihrer Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen sowie der H{\"a}ufigkeit von LRS von der 1. bis zur 3. Klasse gegen{\"u}bergestellt. Dabei wurden neben den Daten regul{\"a}r eingeschulter Kinder auch jene in die Analyse inkludiert, die vom Schulbesuch zur{\"u}ckgestellt wurden. Ergebnisse: Im 1. und 2. Grundschuljahr zeigten die trainierten Risikokinder im Lesen und Rechtschreiben einen mindestens tendenziellen Leistungsvorsprung gegen{\"u}ber nicht-gef{\"o}rderten Risikokindern. Trainingseffekte zeigten sich ebenfalls in einer Reduktion der Anzahl von Kindern mit LRS bis Klasse 2, tendenziell auch in Klasse 3. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt sprechen die Befunde f{\"u}r die Wirksamkeit des Trainings in der prim{\"a}ren Pr{\"a}vention von Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten bei Risikokindern unter alltagsnahen Bedingungen.}, language = {de} } @article{MoraskePenroseWyschkonetal.2018, author = {Moraske, Svenja and Penrose, Anna and Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Pr{\"a}vention von Rechenst{\"o}rungen}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {27}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000242}, pages = {31 -- 42}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ziel ist die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der kurz- und mittelfristigen Wirksamkeit einer vorschulischen F{\"o}rderung des Mengen- und Zahlenverst{\"a}ndnisses bei Kindern mit einem Risiko f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer Rechenst{\"o}rung. Es wurden 32 Risikokinder mit einer Kombination aus den F{\"o}rderprogrammen Mathematik im Vorschulalter und Mengen, z{\"a}hlen, Zahlen im letzten Kindergartenjahr von den Erzieherinnen trainiert und mit 38 untrainierten Risikokindern verglichen. Hinsichtlich der kurzfristigen Wirksamkeit zeigten sich positive Trainingseffekte auf die numerischen Leistungen im letzten Kindergartenjahr. Es ließen sich keine signifikanten mittelfristigen Trainingseffekte auf die Rechenleistungen im zweiten Halbjahr der 1. Klasse finden. Das eingesetzte vorschulische Pr{\"a}ventionsprogramm leistete danach einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kurzfristigen Verbesserung der mathematischen Basiskompetenzen.}, language = {de} } @misc{MoraskePenroseWyschkonetal.2018, author = {Moraske, Svenja and Penrose, Anna and Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Pr{\"a}vention von Rechenst{\"o}rungen}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {616}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43410}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434101}, pages = {31 -- 42}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ziel ist die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der kurz- und mittelfristigen Wirksamkeit einer vorschulischen F{\"o}rderung des Mengen- und Zahlenverst{\"a}ndnisses bei Kindern mit einem Risiko f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer Rechenst{\"o}rung. Es wurden 32 Risikokinder mit einer Kombination aus den F{\"o}rderprogrammen Mathematik im Vorschulalter und Mengen, z{\"a}hlen, Zahlen im letzten Kindergartenjahr von den Erzieherinnen trainiert und mit 38 untrainierten Risikokindern verglichen. Hinsichtlich der kurzfristigen Wirksamkeit zeigten sich positive Trainingseffekte auf die numerischen Leistungen im letzten Kindergartenjahr. Es ließen sich keine signifikanten mittelfristigen Trainingseffekte auf die Rechenleistungen im zweiten Halbjahr der 1. Klasse finden. Das eingesetzte vorschulische Pr{\"a}ventionsprogramm leistete danach einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kurzfristigen Verbesserung der mathematischen Basiskompetenzen.}, language = {de} } @article{MillenetLauchtHohmetal.2018, author = {Millenet, Sabina and Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, Erika and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Hohmann, Sarah and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zohsel, Katrin}, title = {Sex-specific trajectories of ADHD symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood}, series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, volume = {27}, journal = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1018-8827}, doi = {10.1007/s00787-018-1129-9}, pages = {1067 -- 1075}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Reports of current ADHD symptoms in adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are often discrepant: While one subgroup reports a particularly high level of current ADHD symptoms, another reports—in contrast—a very low level. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. Although sex might play a moderating role, it has not yet been examined in this regard. In an epidemiological cohort study from birth to young adulthood, childhood ADHD diagnoses were assessed at the ages of 4.5, 8, and 11 years based on parent ratings. Sex-specific development of ADHD symptoms was analyzed from the age of 15 to 25 years via self-reported ADHD symptoms in participants with (n = 47) and without childhood ADHD (n = 289) using a random coefficient regression model. The congruence between parent reports and adolescents' self-ratings was examined, and the role of childhood ADHD diagnosis, childhood OCC/CD, and childhood internalizing disorder as possible sex-specific predictors of self-reported ADHD symptoms at age 25 years was investigated. With regard to self-reported ADHD symptoms, females with a childhood ADHD diagnosis reported significantly more ADHD symptoms compared to females without childhood ADHD and males with and without ADHD throughout adolescence and young adulthood. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD did not differ from control males either at age 15 or at age 25 years. Only in females did a childhood diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (ADHD and CD/ODD) predict self-reported ADHD symptoms by age 25 years. Our findings suggest that self-reports of young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are influenced by sex. Specifically, females with childhood ADHD report increased levels of ADHD symptoms upon reaching adulthood. To correctly evaluate symptoms and impairment in this subgroup, other, more objective, sources of information may be advisable, such as neurophysiological measures.}, language = {en} } @article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Interpersonal Stress Generation-A Girl Problem?}, series = {Journal of early adolescence}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of early adolescence}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0272-4316}, doi = {10.1177/0272431617725197}, pages = {41 -- 66}, year = {2017}, abstract = {To provide further insight into stress generation patterns in boys and girls around puberty, this study investigated longitudinal reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and stress generation, the process by which individuals contribute to the occurrence of stress in interpersonal contexts (e.g., problematic social interactions) or in noninterpersonal contexts (e.g., achievement problems). A community sample of N = 924 German children and early adolescents (51.8\% male) completed depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes measures at T1 and again 20 months later (T2). Stressful life events were reported at T2. Dysfunctional attitudes were unrelated to stress generation. Interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, dependent stress partially mediated the relationship between initial and later depressive symptoms, with girls being more likely to generate interpersonal stress in response to depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of interpersonal stress generation in the early development of depressive symptomatology, and in the gender difference in depression prevalence emerging around puberty.}, language = {en} } @article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes?}, series = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, volume = {41}, journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0147-5916}, doi = {10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0}, pages = {730 -- 744}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In order to clarify further the role of Beck's vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9-18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term "dysfunctional" might therefore only apply to higher levels of the "dysfunctional attitudes" proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods.}, language = {en} } @article{MaierLangeHoraceketal.2007, author = {Maier, A. and Lange, Sabine and Horacek, U. and Weinrich, D. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen und Entwicklungsauff{\"a}lligkeiten fr{\"u}her erkennen mit neuem Kita- Vorsorgebogen}, year = {2007}, language = {de} } @article{LayIhleEsseretal.2005, author = {Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Juvenile-episodic, continued or adult-onset delinquency? Risk conditions analysed in a cohort of children followed up to the age of 25 years}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{LayIhleEsseretal.2001, author = {Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r Delinquenz bei Jugendlichen und deren Fortsetzung bis in das Erwachsenenalter}, year = {2001}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2007, author = {Laucht, Michael and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Problems of behavioral and emotional regulation in early infancy : precursors of psychiatric disorders in later childhood?}, isbn = {978-1-934019-17-7}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinSchmidetal.2009, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2013, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults findings from a longitudinal study}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {23}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.002}, pages = {358 -- 367}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Accumulating research suggests a moderating role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) in the association between childhood adversity and adult depression. The present study aims to replicate recent findings using different genetic variants and measures of early adversity assessed both prospectively and retrospectively. Data were collected in the context of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. 300 participants (137 males, 163 females) were genotyped for four CRHR1 SNPs (rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, and rs17689882) and completed the Beck Depression Inventory at ages 19, 22 and 23 years. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. Our results indicate that CRHR1 and childhood adversity interacted to predict depressive symptoms in young adults. Specifically, we found that the impact of childhood maltreatment on adult depressive symptoms was significantly higher in individuals (i) with two copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype, and (ii) homozygous for the G allele of rs17689882. The interaction was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report, but not to prospectively ascertain objective family adversity. The present study partially replicates recent findings of a CRHR1 by childhood adversity interaction with regard to adult depression highlighting the subjective characteristics of the environmental pathogen that is operative in this interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Reitschelb, Marcel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2009, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Becker, Katja and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology : evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults}, issn = {1461-1457}, doi = {10.1017/S1461145708009875}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Previous research examining gene-environment interaction (G x E) with regard to vulnerability to depression and anxiety has yielded conflicting results. The present study was designed to further investigate G x F between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to environmental adversity, using different phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as different types of adversity within a prospective study design. Data were available from an ongoing epidemiological cohort Study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 19 yr, 309 participants (142 males, 167 females) were characterized on measures of depression and anxiety through interview and questionnaire (DSM-IV diagnosis, Beck Depression Inventory, Harm Avoidance). Environmental adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity), and at age 19 yr (stressful life events). Bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA. Results indicated that depression and anxiety in 19-yr-olds were strongly associated with both family adversity and stressful life events. Individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were exposed to high family adversity displayed significantly higher rates of depressive or anxiety disorders and had more depressive symptoms than those without either condition. This G x E replicates recent findings from an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents but is in contrast to many previous reports suggesting an interaction with the S allele. No evidence for G x E was obtained with regard to current stressful life events and trait anxiety. One possible source for the conflicting findings might be attributed to heterogeneity in depression phenotypes and environmental adversity.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSkowronekBeckeretal.2008, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Skowronek, Markus H. and Becker, Katja and Schulze, Thomas G. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella}, title = {Environmental risk factors and attention-deficit : hyperactivity discorder symptoms ; reply}, issn = {0003-990X}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSkowronekBeckeretal.2007, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Skowronek, Markus H. and Becker, Katja and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella and Schulze, Thomas G.}, title = {Interacting effects of the dopamine transporter gene and psychosocial adversity on attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms among 15-year-olds from high-risk community sample}, issn = {0003-990X}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Context: Recent evidence suggests that gene X environment interactions could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1bjective: To examine whether psychosocial adversity moderated the effect of genetic variation in DAT1 on ADHD symptoms in. adolescents from a high-risk community sample. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Data were taken from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing longitudinal study of the long-term outcomes of early risk factors followed up from birth on. Participants: Three hundred five adolescents (146 boys, 159 girls) participated in a follow-up assessment at age 15 years. Main Outcome Measures: Measures of ADHD symptoms according to DSM-IV were obtained using standardized structural interviews with adolescents and their parents. Psychosocial adversity was determined according to an "enriched" family adversity index as proposed by Rutter and Quinton. DNA was genotyped for the common DAT1 40-base pair (bp) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region; 3 previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 15, intron 9, and exon 9; and a novel 30-bp VNTR polymorphism in intron 8. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the 40-bp VNTR polymorphism who grew up in greater psychosocial adversity exhibited significantly more inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity than adolescents with other genotypes or who lived in less adverse family conditions (significant interaction, P=.013-017). This gene X environment interaction was also observed in individuals homozygous for the 6-repeat allele of the 30-bp VNTR polymorphism and the haplotype comprising both markers. Conclusions: These findings provide initial evidence that environmental risks as described by the Rutter Family Adversity Index moderate the impact of the DAT1 gene on ADHD symptoms, suggesting a DAT1 effect only in those individuals exposed to psychosocial adversity.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2002, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Motorische, kognitive und sozial-emotionale Entwicklung von 11j{\"a}hrigen mit fr{\"u}hkindlichen Risikobelastungen: sp{\"a}te Folgen}, issn = {0301-6811}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2003, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Fr{\"u}hkindliche Regulationsst{\"o}rungen: Vorl{\"a}ufer von Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen des sp{\"a}teren Kindesalters?}, isbn = {3- 456-84036-5}, year = {2003}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2004, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, M. H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {The development of at-risk children in early life}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtHomEsseretal.2005, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Hom, Erika and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Erh{\"o}htes Raucherrisiko von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeits- und Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtHohmEsseretal.2007, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, E. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Becker, Katja}, title = {Association between ADHD and smoking in adolescence : shared genetic, environmental and psychopathological factors}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-007-0703-y}, year = {2007}, abstract = {The present study aimed to examine the extent to which the co-occurrence of ADHD and smoking in adolescents could be attributed to common genetic, environmental and psychopathological factors. Data are from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires measuring tobacco consumption and deviant peer affiliations. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were obtained using standardized interviews. DNA was genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene exon III polymorphism. Adolescents with a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD displayed significantly higher smoking activity than non-ADHD controls. A major component of this association could be accounted for by deviant peer affiliations and the comorbidity with oppositional-defiant and conduct disorder, while a minor part was attributable to DRD4 in males but not in females. These findings suggest that the association of ADHD with smoking relies on risk factors shared by the two behaviors.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtHohmEsseretal.2005, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, E. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Elevated risk of smoking in children with externalizing disorders}, issn = {1616-3443}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Background: Several studies have reported higher smoking rates among adolescents with externalizing disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder) as compared to healthy controls. Objective: To follow the association between childhood externalizing disorders and smoking during development, to determine the type of problems most strongly related to later tobacco use, and to control for the influence of covarying factors. Methods: Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children born with different perinatal and psychosocial risks. Standardized assessments of behavioral disorders between 2 and 11 years and of tobacco use at age 15 were obtained. Results: 15-year-olds with externalizing disorders between 2 and 11 years reported higher tobacco use than those without a history of disorder. This association could be followed back into early childhood and held up even after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: The findings suggest that childhood externalizing disorders may represent an independent risk factor for elevated tobacco use in adolescence}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtGeroldEsseretal.1999, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Strukturmodelle der Genese psychischer St{\"o}rungen in der Kindheit : Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidtetal.1996, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and St{\"o}hr, R.-M. and Weindrich, D. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Marcus, A.}, title = {Viereinhalb Jahre danach : Mannheimer Risikokinder im Vorschulalter}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2002, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Heterogene Entwicklung von Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter}, issn = {0084-5345}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1998, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Beziehung : Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Kindern mit organischen und psychosozialen Belastungen ; Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter}, year = {1998}, abstract = {Die Entwicklung von Kindern, die in ihrer fr{\"u}hen Kindheit erh{\"o}hten Belastungen ausgesetzt waren, zeichnet sich durch eine grosse Variabilit{\"a}t aus. Welche Kinder besonders gef{\"a}hrdet sind und welchen es gelingt, Entwicklungsrisiken zu {\"u}berwinden, wird anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie aufgezeigt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine prospektive L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie an einer Kohorte von 362 Kindern, die in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis ins Schulalter begleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse bis zum Alter von acht Jahren machen deutlich, dass die Entwicklungsprognose von sehr kleinen Fr{\"u}hgeborenen und von Kindern postnatal depressiver M{\"u}tter davon abh{\"a}ngt, wie die fr{\"u}he Beziehung zwischen Mutter und Risikokind gelingt. Sie unterstreichen damit die besondere Bedeutung der fr{\"u}hen Mutter-Kind-Interaktion in der Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Wovor sch{\"u}tzen Schutzfaktoren? : Anmerkungen zu einem popul{\"a}ren Konzept der modernen Gesundheitsforschung}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Developmental outcome of infants born with biological and psychosocial risks}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1998, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Entwicklung : Empirische Befunde}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2002, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Vulnerability and resilience in the development of children at risk : the role of early mother-child- interaction}, issn = {0101-6083}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2001, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Differential development of infants at risk for psychopathology : the moderating role of early maternal responsivity}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Externalisierende und internalisierende St{\"o}rungen in der Kindheit : Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungspsychopathologie}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Entwicklung von Risikokindern im Schulalter : die langfristigen Folgen fr{\"u}hkindlicher Belastungen}, year = {2000}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {L{\"a}ngsschnittforschung zur Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen : Zielsetzung, Konzeption und zentrale Befunde der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Zur Erforschung der Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen gilt die prospektive Untersuchung von Risikogruppen als K{\"o}nigsweg. Fragestellung: Beschreibung der Entwicklungsmuster von Kindern mit fr{\"u}hen Belastungen, Ermittlung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Entwicklungsresultate und Identifikation von Mechanismen, die differentiellen Verl{\"a}ufen zugrunde liegen. Methode: In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie (mit Erhebungswellen im Alter von 0;3, 2, 4 , 8 und 11 Jahren) wurden die Entstehung und der Verlauf von Entwicklungs- und Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen bei 384 Kindern untersucht. Organische (pr{\"a}- und perinatale Komplikationen) und psychosoziale Risiken (famili{\"a}re Belastungen) wurden in einem zwei- faktoriellen Design variiert. Ergebnisse: Die negativen Folgen fr{\"u}her Risiken waren bis zum Schulalter nachweisbar. W{\"a}hrend organische Risiken vor allem die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung beeintr{\"a}chtigten, konzentrierten sich die Auswirkungen psychosozialer Belastungen auf kognitive und sozial-emotionale Funktionen. Beide Risiken addierten sich in ihren negativen Konsequenzen. Schlussfolgerungen: Fr{\"u}hkindliche Risiken haben spezifische und langfristige Auswirkungen. Kinder mit multiplen Risikobelastungen sind in ihrer Entwicklung am st{\"a}rksten gef{\"a}hrdet.}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1999, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Was wird aus Risikokindern? : Ergebnisse der Mannheimer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie im {\"U}berblick}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtEsserHoeschetal.2000, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Hoesch, I. and Gerold, M. and Hoesch, I. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Steigleider, Petra and Stock, B. and Stoehr, R.-M. and Weindrich, D. and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Behavioral Sequelae of Perinatal Insults and Early Family Adversity at 8 Years of Age}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LauchtBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2011, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Banaschewski, Tobias and Becker, Katja}, title = {Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene}, series = {Infant mental health journal}, volume = {32}, booktitle = {Infant mental health journal}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0163-9641}, pages = {212 -- 212}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @misc{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Shmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {53}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x}, pages = {351 -- 359}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtBeckerFranketal.2008, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Becker, Katja and Frank, Josef and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Treutlein, Jens and Skowronek, Markus H. and Schumann, Gunter}, title = {Genetic variation in dopamine pathways differentially associated with smoking progression in adolescence}, issn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1097/Chi.0b013e31816bff77}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Objective: To clarify the nature of the association between dopamine genes and smoking by examining whether genetic variability in components of the dopamine pathway could explain refined phenotypes in adolescent smoking progression. Method: Data are from an ongoing prospective study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors studied since birth. At age 15 years, 220 participants (108 males, 112 females) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring smoking behavior and were genotyped for five dopamine gene variants. Results: Smoking initiation was related to allelic variation in the dopamine D-4 receptor gene (DRD4), whereas smoking continuation and dependence showed association with the dopamine D-2 receptor gene (DRD2). Adolescents with the seven-repeat allele of the common DRD4 exon 3 polymorphism had rates of ever smoking that were significantly higher than in those with other genotypes. Once smoking started, carriers of the T allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism of DRD2 (rs4648317) reported higher rates of current smoking and scored higher on nicotine dependence than their allelic counterparts. Among current smokers, intention to quit was significantly lower in adolescents homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter 3 untranslated region polymorphism. Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence of genetic influences on different stages of smoking and suggest the importance of specific dopamine genes in smoking progression in adolescence.}, language = {en} } @article{LangeEsser2005, author = {Lange, Sabine and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Auditiv-sprachliche St{\"o}rung der Informationsverarbeitung bei Lese-Rechtschreib-St{\"o}rung.}, isbn = {3-89967-220-8}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{LangeEsser2008, author = {Lange, Sabine and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Ausbildung zum Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten}, isbn = {978-3-13-126083-3}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @misc{KuhlmannBuergerEsseretal.2015, author = {Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle and B{\"u}rger, Arne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Hammerle, Florian}, title = {A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind)}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 820}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 820}, number = {820}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42756}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427568}, pages = {13}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind). Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial η-square values. Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{KuhlmannBuergerEsseretal.2015, author = {Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle and B{\"u}rger, Arne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Hammerle, Florian}, title = {A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial}, series = {Trials}, volume = {16}, journal = {Trials}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1745-6215}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-014-0533-9}, pages = {11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind). Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial.-square values. Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{KucianZuberKohnetal.2018, author = {Kucian, Karin and Zuber, Isabelle and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Relation Between Mathematical Performance, Math Anxiety, and Affective Priming in Children With and Without Developmental Dyscalculia}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00263}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.}, language = {en} } @misc{KucianZuberKohnetal.2018, author = {Kucian, Karin and Zuber, Isabelle and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Relation between mathematical performance, math anxiety, and affective priming in children with and without developmental dyscalculia}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {684}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46067}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460671}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.}, language = {en} } @article{KucianKohnHannulaSormunenetal.2012, author = {Kucian, Karin and Kohn, Juliane and Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M. and Richtmann, Verena and Grond, Ursin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Kinder mit Dyskalkulie fokussieren spontan weniger auf Anzahligkeit}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{KruseMeyerProbstReisetal.2001, author = {Kruse, Joachim and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Reis, Olaf and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang}, title = {Seelische Gesundheit junger Erwachsener in Mannheim und Rostock}, year = {2001}, language = {de} } @article{KrentzEsser2009, author = {Krentz, Eva Maria and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Muth-Seidel, D., Petermann, F., Training f{\"u}r Kinder mit r{\"a}umlich-konstruktiven St{\"o}rungen; G{\"o}ttingen, Hogrefe, 2008}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443.38.2.146}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{KraheBondueHoeseetal.2015, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and H{\"o}se, Anna and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study}, series = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence}, volume = {25}, journal = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1050-8392}, doi = {10.1111/jora.12115}, pages = {328 -- 339}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This longitudinal study examined the links between child aggression and parenting stress over 4years. Child aggression was hypothesized to contribute to parenting stress, which should increase aggression. Parents and teachers of 239 German children aged between 6 and 15years completed measures of child aggression at Time 1 and Time 3, complemented by children's self-reports of aggression at Time 3. Parents rated their child-focused and parent-focused stress at an intermediate measurement Time 2. Child-focused stress mediated the path from Time 1 to Time 3 aggression in boys and girls, whereas parent-focused stress was unrelated to Time 3 aggression. The findings help to understand the continuity of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence and highlight the need to intervene early with families susceptible to parenting stress.}, language = {en} } @misc{KohnRauscherKucianetal.2020, author = {Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and Kucian, Karin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Efficacy of a Computer-Based Learning Program in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {650}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47415}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474159}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study presents the evaluation of a computer-based learning program for children with developmental dyscalculia and focuses on factors affecting individual responsiveness. The adaptive training program Calcularis 2.0 has been developed according to current neuro-cognitive theory of numerical cognition. It aims to automatize number representations, supports the formation and access to the mental number line and trains arithmetic operations as well as arithmetic fact knowledge in expanding number ranges. Sixty-seven children with developmental dyscalculia from second to fifth grade (mean age 8.96 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Calcularis group, waiting control group). Training duration comprised a minimum of 42 training sessions {\`a} 20 min within a maximum period of 13 weeks. Compared to the waiting control group, children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in arithmetic operations and number line estimation. These improvements were shown to be stable after a 3-months post training interval. In addition, this study examines which predictors accounted for training improvements. Results indicate that this self-directed training was especially beneficial for children with low math anxiety scores and without an additional reading and/or spelling disorder. In conclusion, Calcularis 2.0 supports children with developmental dyscalculia to improve their arithmetical abilities and their mental number line representation. However, it is relevant to further adapt the setting to the individual circumstances.}, language = {en} } @article{KohnRauscherKucianetal.2020, author = {Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and Kucian, Karin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Efficacy of a Computer-Based Learning Program in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01115}, pages = {14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study presents the evaluation of a computer-based learning program for children with developmental dyscalculia and focuses on factors affecting individual responsiveness. The adaptive training program Calcularis 2.0 has been developed according to current neuro-cognitive theory of numerical cognition. It aims to automatize number representations, supports the formation and access to the mental number line and trains arithmetic operations as well as arithmetic fact knowledge in expanding number ranges. Sixty-seven children with developmental dyscalculia from second to fifth grade (mean age 8.96 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Calcularis group, waiting control group). Training duration comprised a minimum of 42 training sessions {\`a} 20 min within a maximum period of 13 weeks. Compared to the waiting control group, children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in arithmetic operations and number line estimation. These improvements were shown to be stable after a 3-months post training interval. In addition, this study examines which predictors accounted for training improvements. Results indicate that this self-directed training was especially beneficial for children with low math anxiety scores and without an additional reading and/or spelling disorder. In conclusion, Calcularis 2.0 supports children with developmental dyscalculia to improve their arithmetical abilities and their mental number line representation. However, it is relevant to further adapt the setting to the individual circumstances.}, language = {en} } @article{KohnEsser2008, author = {Kohn, Juliane and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {ADHS im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter}, issn = {0026-9298}, doi = {10.1007/s00112-008-1731-x}, year = {2008}, language = {de} }