@misc{LinKhajooeiEngeletal.2012,
  author    = {Lin, Chiao-I and Khajooei, Mina and Engel, Tilman and Nair, Alexandra and Heikkila, Mika and Kaplick, Hannes and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {The effect of chronic ankle instability on muscle activations in lower extremities},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51563},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515632},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background/Purpose Muscular reflex responses of the lower extremities to sudden gait disturbances are related to postural stability and injury risk. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown to affect activities related to the distal leg muscles while walking. Its effects on proximal muscle activities of the leg, both for the injured- (IN) and uninjured-side (NON), remain unclear. Therefore, the aim was to compare the difference of the motor control strategy in ipsilateral and contralateral proximal joints while unperturbed walking and perturbed walking between individuals with CAI and matched controls. Materials and methods In a cross-sectional study, 13 participants with unilateral CAI and 13 controls (CON) walked on a split-belt treadmill with and without random left- and right-sided perturbations. EMG amplitudes of muscles at lower extremities were analyzed 200 ms after perturbations, 200 ms before, and 100 ms after (Post100) heel contact while walking. Onset latencies were analyzed at heel contacts and after perturbations. Statistical significance was set at alpha≤0.05 and 95\% confidence intervals were applied to determine group differences. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the extent of differences. Results Participants with CAI showed increased EMG amplitudes for NON-rectus abdominus at Post100 and shorter latencies for IN-gluteus maximus after heel contact compared to CON (p<0.05). Overall, leg muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius) activated earlier and less bilaterally (d = 0.30-0.88) and trunk muscles (bilateral rectus abdominus and NON-erector spinae) activated earlier and more for the CAI group than CON group (d = 0.33-1.09). Conclusion Unilateral CAI alters the pattern of the motor control strategy around proximal joints bilaterally. Neuromuscular training for the muscles, which alters motor control strategy because of CAI, could be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation for CAI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaurHirschmuellerMuelleretal.2012,
  author    = {Baur, Heiner and Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Is EMG of the lower leg dependent on weekly running mileage?},
  series = {International journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {International journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0172-4622},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0031-1286250},
  pages     = {53 -- 57},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Neuromuscular activity of the lower leg is dependent on the task performed, speed of movement and gender. Whether training volume influences neuromuscular activity is not known. The EMG of physically active persons differing in running mileage was analysed to investigate this. 55 volunteers were allocated to a low (LM: < 30 km), intermediate (IM: > 30 km \& < 45 km) or high mileage (HM: > 45 km) group according to their weekly running volume. Neuromuscular activity of the lower leg was measured during running (3.33 m.s(-1)). Mean amplitude values for preactivation, weight acceptance and push-off were calculated and normalised to the mean activity of the entire gait cycle. Higher activity in the gastrocnemius group was observed in weight acceptance in LM compared to IM (+30\%) and HM (+25\%) but lower activity was present in the push-off for LM compared to IM and HM. For the peroneal muscle, differences were present in the push-off where HM showed increased activity compared to IM (+24\%) and LM (+60\%). The tibial muscle revealed slightly lower activity during preactivation for the high mileage runners. Neuromuscular activity differs during stance between the high and intermediate group compared to low mileage runners. Slight adaptations in neuromuscular activation indicate a more target-oriented activation strategy possibly due to repetitive training in runners with higher weekly mileage.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerStollMuelleretal.2012,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Stoll, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Validity of isokinetic trunk measurements with respect to healthy adults, athletes and low back pain patients},
  series = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0959-3020},
  doi       = {10.3233/IES-2012-00482},
  pages     = {255 -- 266},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Isokinetic measurements are widely used to assess strength capacity in a clinical or research context. Nevertheless, the validity of isokinetic measures for identifying strength deficits and the evaluation of therapeutic process regarding different pathologies is yet to be established. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the validity of isokinetic measures in a specific case: that of muscular capacity in low back pain (LBP). Methods: A literature search (PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge; The Cochrane Library) covering the last 10 years was performed. Relevant papers regarding isokinetic trunk strength measures in healthy and patients with low back pain (PLBP) were searched. Peak torque values [Nm] and peak torque normalized to body weight [Nm/kg BW] were extracted for healthy and PLBP. Ranked mean values across studies were calculated for the concentric peak torque at 60 degrees/s as well as the flexion/extension (F/E) ratio. Results: 34 publications (31 flexion/extension; 3 rotation) were suitable for reporting detailed isokinetic strength measures in healthy or LBP (untrained adults, adolescents, athletes). Adolescents and athletes were different compared to normal adults in terms of absolute trunk strength values and the F/E ratio. Furthermore, isokinetic measures evaluating therapeutic process and isokinetic rehabilitation training were infrequent in literature (8 studies). Conclusion: Isokinetic measurements are valid for measuring trunk flexion/extension strength and F/E ratio in athletes, adolescents and (untrained) adults with/without LBP. The validity of trunk rotation is questionable due to a very small number of publications whereas no reliable source regarding lateral flexion could be traced. Therefore, isokinetic dynamometry may be utilized for identifying trunk strength deficits in healthy adults and PLBP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CasselMuellerCarlsohnetal.2012,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Carlsohn, Anja and Baur, Heiner and Jerusel, N. and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and interrater variability of sonographic investigations of patella and achilles tendons},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0031-1281839},
  pages     = {21 -- 26},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Clinical examinations of tendon disorders routinely include ultrasound examinations, despite the fact that availability of data concerning validity criteria of these measurements are limited. The present study therefore aims to evaluate the reliability of measurements of Achilles- and Patella tendon diameter and in the detection of structural adaptations. Materials and Methods: In 14 healthy, recreationally active subjects both asymptomatic Achilles (AT) and patella tendons (PT) were measured twice by two examiners in a test-retest design. Besides the detection of anteroposterior (a.p.-) and mediolateral (m.l.-) diameters, areas of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation were registered. Data were analysed descriptively with calculation of test-retest variability (TRV), intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman's plots with bias and 95\% limits of agreement (LOA). Results: Intra- and interrater differences of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameter varied from 0.2 - 1.2 mm, those of AT- and PT-m.l-diameter from 0.7-5.1 mm. Areas of hypoechogenicity were visible in 24\% of the tendons, while 15\% showed neovascularisations. Intrarater AT-a.p.-diameters showed sparse deviations (TRV 4.5-7.4\%; ICC 0.60-0.84; bias -0.05-0.07 mm; LOA-0.6-0.5 to -1.1 - 1.0 mm), while interrater AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters were highly variable (TRV 13.7-19.7\%; ICC 0.11-0.20; bias -1.4-4.3 mm; LOA-5.5-2.7 to -10.5 - 1.9 mm). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the measurement of AT- and PT-a.p.-diameters is a reliable parameter. In contrast, reproducibility of AT- and PT-m.l.-diameters is questionable. The study corroborates the presence of hypoechogenicity and neovascularisation in asymptomatic tendons.},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{BaurHoffmannReichmuthetal.2012,
  author    = {Baur, Heiner and Hoffmann, Jan and Reichmuth, Anne and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Influence of carbon fiber foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in cycling},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  pages     = {12 -- 17},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Several equipment interventions like optimizing seat position or optimizing shoe/insole/pedal interface are suggested to reduce overuse injury in cycling. Data analyzing clinical or biomechanical effects of those interventions is sparse. Foot orthoses out of carbon fiber are one possibility to alter the interface between foot and pedal. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze plantar pressure distribution in carbon fiber foot orthoses in comparison to standard insoles of commercially available cycling shoes. Materials and Methods: 11 pain-free triathletes (Age: 29 +/- 9, 1.77 +/- 0.04 m, 68 5 kg) were tested on a cycle ergometer at 60 and 90 rotations per minute (rpm) at workloads of 200 and 300 Watts. Subjects wore in randomized order a cycling shoe with its standard insole (control condition CO) or the shoe with carbon fiber foot orthoses (Condition CA). Mean peak pressure out of 30 movement cycles were extracted for the total foot and specific foot regions (rear, mid, fore foot (medial, central, lateral) and toe region). Three-factor ANOVAs (factor foot orthoses, rpm, workload) for repeated measures (alpha = 0.05) were used to analyze the main question of a foot orthoses effect on peak in-shoe plantar pressure. Results: Peak pressures in the total foot were in a range of 70-75 kPa for 200 Watts (W) (300 W: 85-110 kPa). The carbon fiber foot orthoses reduced peak pressures by -4,1\% compared to the standard insole (p = 0,10). In the foot regions rear(-16,6\%, p<0.001), mid (-20,0\%, p<0.001) and fore foot (-5.9\%, p < 0.03)CA reduced peak pressure compared to CO. In the toe region, peak pressure was higher in CA (+16,2\%) compared to CO (p<0,001). The lateral fore foot showed higher peak pressures in CA (+34\%) and CO (+59\%) compared to medial and central fore foot. Conclusion: Carbon fiber can serve as a suitable material for foot orthoses manufacturing in cycling. Plantar pressures do not increase due to the stiffness of the carbon. Individual customization may have the potential to reduce peak pressure in certain foot areas.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MuellerCarlsohnMuelleretal.2012,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Carlsohn, Anja and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Static and dynamic foot characteristics in children aged 1-13 years a cross-sectional study},
  series = {Gait \& posture},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Gait \& posture},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0966-6362},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.10.357},
  pages     = {389 -- 394},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The aim of this study was to acquire static and dynamic foot geometry and loading in childhood, and to establish data for age groups of a population of 1-13 year old infants and children. A total of 10,382 children were recruited and 7788 children (48\% males and 52\% females) were finally included into the data analysis. For static foot geometry foot length and foot width were quantified in a standing position. Dynamic foot geometry and loading were assessed during walking on a walkway with self selected speed (Novel Emed X, 100 Hz, 4 sensors/cm(2)). Contact area (CA), peak pressure (PP), force time integral (FTI) and the arch index were calculated for the total, fore-, mid- and hindfoot. Results show that most static and dynamic foot characteristics change continuously during growth and maturation. Static foot length and width increased with age from 13.1 +/- 0.8 cm (length) and 5.7 +/- 0.4 cm (width) in the youngest to 24.4 +/- 1.5 cm (length) and 8.9 +/- 0.6 cm (width) in the oldest. A mean walking velocity of 0.94 +/- 0.25 m/s was observed. Arch-index ranged from 0.32 +/- 0.04 [a.u.] in the one-year old to 0.21 +/- 0.13 [a.u.] in the 5-year olds and remains constant afterwards. This study provides data for static and dynamic foot characteristics in children based on a cohort of 7788 subjects. Static and dynamic foot measures change differently during growth and maturation. Dynamic foot measurements provide additional information about the children's foot compared to static measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HeydenreichCarlsohnLinneetal.2012,
  author    = {Heydenreich, Juliane and Carlsohn, Anja and Linne, Karsten and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Micronutrient intake in young athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {951 -- 951},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeWolterSchoepflinetal.2012,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Wolter, Martin and Sch{\"o}pflin, Marlene and K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {The effect of foot orthoses on peroneal H-reflex in treadmill walking a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {943 -- 943},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KoenigStollMayeretal.2012,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Stoll, Andreas and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {Intrasession reliability of insole in-shoe plantar pressure measurements in different foot areas},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {941 -- 941},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnSchueleretal.2012,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Sch{\"u}ler, Stefan and Lundby, Carsten and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Physiological changes over four maximal incremental cycling tests within one day},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {933 -- 934},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}