@article{Wilhelm2018, author = {Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz}, title = {Atmosphere in the home stadium of Hertha BSC (German Bundesliga)}, series = {Social \& cultural geography}, volume = {21}, journal = {Social \& cultural geography}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1464-9365}, doi = {10.1080/14649365.2018.1514646}, pages = {718 -- 737}, year = {2018}, abstract = {German football stadiums are well known for their atmosphere. It is often described as 'electrifying,' or 'cracking.' This article focuses on this atmosphere. Using a phenomenological approach, it explores how this emotionality can be understood and how geography matters while attending a match. Atmosphere in this context is conceptualized based on work by as a mood-charged space, neither object- nor subject-centered, but rather a medium of perception which cannot not exist. Based on qualitative research done in the home stadium of Hertha BSC in the German Bundesliga, this article shows that the bodily sensations experienced by spectators during a visit to the stadium are synchronized with events on the pitch and with the more or less imposing scenery. The analysis ofin situdiaries reveals that spectators experience a comprehensive sense of collectivity. The study presents evidence that the occurrence of these bodily sensations is strongly connected with different aspects of spatiality. This includes sensations of constriction and expansion within the body, an awareness of one's location within the stadium, the influence of the immediate surroundings and cognitive here/there and inside/outside distinctions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtGertenHintzeetal.2018, author = {Schmidt, Silke Regina and Gerten, Dieter and Hintze, Thomas and Lischeid, Gunnar and Livingstone, David M. and Adrian, Rita}, title = {Temporal and spatial scales of water temperature variability as an indicator for mixing in a polymictic lake}, series = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2044-2041}, doi = {10.1080/20442041.2018.1429067}, pages = {82 -- 95}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We applied coarse spectral analysis to more than 2 decades of daily near-surface water temperature (WT) measurements from Muggelsee, a shallow polymictic lake in Germany, to systematically characterize patterns in WT variability from daily to yearly temporal scales. Comparison of WT with local air temperature indicates that the WT variability patterns are likely attributable to both meteorological forcing and internal lake dynamics. We identified seasonal patterns of WT variability and showed that WT variability increases with increasing Schmidt stability, decreasing Lake number and decreasing ice cover duration, and is higher near the shore than in open water. We introduced the slope of WT spectra as an indicator for the degree of lake mixing to help explain the identified temporal and spatial scales of WT variability. The explanatory power of this indicator in other lakes with different mixing regimes remains to be established.}, language = {en} } @article{OttoHornbergThieken2018, author = {Otto, Antje and Hornberg, Anja and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {Local controversies of flood risk reduction measures in Germany}, series = {Journal of flood risk management}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of flood risk management}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1753-318X}, doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12227}, pages = {S382 -- S394}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In light of the flood event in June 2013, local disputes of flood risk reduction measures became a public concern in Germany, as it was argued that these controversies delayed the implementation of flood defence schemes and thus aggravated the flood impacts. However, actual knowledge about such disputes is generally quite limited. Therefore, this paper uses different empirical approaches to present first an explorative overview of such ongoing controversies with a focus on the measures under dispute and their geographical distribution. Second, current insights in the disputes are delineated, and the following four central conflict lines are expounded: (1) the desire for safety, (2) arguments of nature and landscape protection, (3) questions regarding economic development, and (4) participation issues. The results are discussed comprehensively, and conclusions are drawn regarding further research as well as planning practice in the field of risk reduction measures.}, language = {en} } @article{NdahSchulerDiehletal.2018, author = {Ndah, Hycenth Tim and Schuler, Johannes and Diehl, Katharina and Bateki, Christian and Sieber, Stefan and Knierim, Andrea}, title = {From dogmatic views on conservation agriculture adoption in Zambia towards adapting to context}, series = {International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability}, volume = {16}, journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1473-5903}, doi = {10.1080/14735903.2018.1447227}, pages = {228 -- 242}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been widely promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a sustainable agricultural practice, yet with debatable success. Most authors assume successful adoption, only if all three principles of CA are implemented: (1) minimum or zero tillage, (2) maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and (3) integration of crop rotations. Based on this strict definition, adoption has declined or remained stagnant. Presently, not much attention has been given to context-suited adaptation possibilities, and partial adoption has not been recognized as an entry point to full adoption. Furthermore, isolated success cases have not been analysed sufficiently. By applying the QAToCA approach based on focus group discussions complemented by semi-structured qualitative expert and farmer interviews, we assessed the reasons behind positive CA adaptation and adoption trends in Zambia. Main reasons behind Zambia's emerging success are (1) a positive institutional influence, (2) a systematic approach towards CA promotion - encouraging a stepwise adaptation and adoption, and (3) mobilization of strong marketing dynamics around CA. These findings could help to eventually adjust or redesign CA promotion activities. We argue for a careful shift from the 'dogmatic view' on adoption of CA as a packaged technology, towards adapting its principles to the small-scale farming context of SSA.}, language = {en} } @article{GabrielToaderFauletal.2018, author = {Gabriel, Marvin and Toader, Camelia and Faul, Franziska and Rosskopf, Niko and Grundling, Piet-Louis and van Huyssteen, Cornelius W. and Grundling, Althea T. and Zeitz, Jutta}, title = {Physical and hydrological properties of peat as proxies for degradation of South African peatlands: Implications for conservation and restoration}, series = {Mires and peat}, volume = {21}, journal = {Mires and peat}, publisher = {International Peat Society}, address = {Dundee}, issn = {1819-754X}, doi = {10.19189/MaP.2018.OMB.336}, pages = {21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The physical and hydrological properties of peat from seven peatlands in northern Maputaland (South Africa) were investigated and related to the degradation processes of peatlands in different hydrogeomorphic settings. The selected peatlands are representative of typical hydrogeomorphic settings and different stages of human modification from natural to severely degraded. Nineteen transects (141 soil corings in total) were examined in order to describe peat properties typical of the distinct hydrogeomorphic settings. We studied degree of decomposition, organic matter content, bulk density, water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity and hydrophobicity of the peats. From these properties we derived pore size distribution, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and maximum capillary rise. We found that, after drainage, degradation advances faster in peatlands containing wood peat than in peatlands containing radicell peat. Eucalyptus plantations in catchment areas are especially threatening to peatlands in seeps, interdune depressions and unchannelled valley bottoms. All peatlands and their recharge areas require wise management, especially valley-bottom peatlands with swamp forest vegetation. Blocking drainage ditches is indispensable as a first step towards achieving the restoration of drained peatland areas, and further measures may be necessary to enhance the distribution of water. The sensitive swamp forest ecosystems should be given conservation priority.}, language = {en} } @misc{KimSunWendietal.2018, author = {Kim, Dongeon and Sun, Yabin and Wendi, Dadiyorto and Jiang, Ze and Liong, Shie-Yui and Gourbesville, Philippe}, title = {Flood modelling framework for Kuching City, Malaysia}, series = {Advances in Hydroinformatics: SimHydro 2017 - Choosing The Right Model in Applied Hydraulics}, journal = {Advances in Hydroinformatics: SimHydro 2017 - Choosing The Right Model in Applied Hydraulics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-10-7218-5}, issn = {2364-6934}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-7218-5_39}, pages = {559 -- 568}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Several areas in Southeast Asia are very vulnerable to climate change and unable to take immediate/effective actions on countermeasures due to insufficient capabilities. Malaysia, in particular the east coast of peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak, is known as one of the vulnerable regions to flood disaster. Prolonged and intense rainfall, natural activities and increase in runoff are the main reasons to cause flooding in this area. In addition, topographic conditions also contribute to the occurrence of flood disaster. Kuching city is located in the northwest of Borneo Island and part of Sarawak river catchment. This area is a developing state in Malaysia experiencing rapid urbanization since 2000s, which has caused the insufficient data availability in topography and hydrology. To deal with these challenging issues, this study presents a flood modelling framework using the remote sensing technologies and machine learning techniques to acquire the digital elevation model (DEM) with improved accuracy for the non-surveyed areas. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves were derived from climate model for various scenario simulations. The developed flood framework will be beneficial for the planners, policymakers, stakeholders as well as researchers in the field of water resource management in the aspect of providing better ideas/tools in dealing with the flooding issues in the region.}, language = {en} } @article{WalterLueckBauriegeletal.2018, author = {Walter, Judith and L{\"u}ck, Erika and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Facklam, Michael and Zeitz, Jutta}, title = {Seasonal dynamics of soil salinity in peatlands}, series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, volume = {310}, journal = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.08.022}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Inland salt meadows are particularly valuable ecosystems, because they support a variety of salt-adapted species (halophytes). They can be found throughout Europe; including the peatlands of the glacial lowlands in northeast Germany. These German ecosystems have been seriously damaged through drainage. To assess and ultimately limit the damages, temporal monitoring of soil salinity is essential, which can be conducted by geoelectrical techniques that measure the soil electrical conductivity. However, there is limited knowledge on how to interpret electrical conductivity surveys of peaty salt meadows. In this study, temporal and spatial monitoring of dissolved salts was conducted in saline peatland soils using different geoelectrical techniques at different scales (1D: conductivity probe, 2D: conductivity cross-sections). Cores and soil samples were taken to validate the geoelectrical surveys. Although the influence of peat on bulk conductivity is large, the seasonal dynamics of dissolved salts within the soil profile could be monitored by repeated geoelectrical measurements. A close correlation is observed between conductivity (similar to salinity) at different depths and temperature, precipitation and corresponding groundwater level. The conductivity distribution between top- and subsoil during the growing season reflected the leaching of dissolved salts by precipitation and the capillary rise of dissolved salts by increasing temperature (similar to evaporation). Groundwater levels below 0.38 cm resulted in very low conductivities in the topsoil, which is presumably due to limited soil moisture and thus precipitation of salts. Therefore, to prevent the disappearance of dissolved salts from the rooting zone, which are essential for the halophytes, groundwater levels should be adjusted to maintain depths of between 20 and 35 cm. Lower groundwater levels will lead to the loss of dissolved salts from the rooting zone and higher levels to increasing dilution with fresh rainwater. The easy-to-handle conductivity probe is an appropriate tool for salinity monitoring. Using this probe with regressions adjusted for sandy and organic substrates (peat and organic gyttja) additional influences on bulk conductivity (e.g. cation exchange capacity, water content) can be compensated for and the correlation between salinity and electrical conductivity is high.}, language = {en} } @article{KorzeniowskaPfeiferLandtwing2018, author = {Korzeniowska, Karolina and Pfeifer, Norbert and Landtwing, Stephan}, title = {Mapping gullies, dunes, lava fields, and landslides via surface roughness}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {301}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.10.011}, pages = {53 -- 67}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Gully erosion is a widespread and significant process involved in soil and land degradation. Mapping gullies helps to quantify past, and anticipate future, soil losses. Digital terrain models offer promising data for automatically detecting and mapping gullies especially in vegetated areas, although methods vary widely measures of local terrain roughness are the most varied and debated among these methods. Rarely do studies test the performance of roughness metrics for mapping gullies, limiting their applicability to small training areas. To this end, we systematically explored how local terrain roughness derived from high-resolution Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data can aid in the unsupervised detection of gullies over a large area. We also tested expanding this method for other landforms diagnostic of similarly abrupt land-surface changes, including lava fields, dunes, and landslides, as well as investigating the influence of different roughness thresholds, resolutions of kernels, and input data resolution, and comparing our method with previously published roughness algorithms. Our results show that total curvature is a suitable metric for recognising analysed gullies and lava fields from LiDAR data, with comparable success to that of more sophisticated roughness metrics. Tested dunes or landslides remain difficult to distinguish from the surrounding landscape, partly because they are not easily defined in terms of their topographic signature.}, language = {en} } @article{HoehnelReimoldAltenbergeretal.2018, author = {Hoehnel, Desir{\´e}e and Reimold, Wolf Uwe and Altenberger, Uwe and Hofmann, Axel and Mohr-Westheide, Tanja and Oezdemir, Seda and K{\"o}berl, Christian}, title = {Petrographic and Micro-XRF analysis of multiple archean impact-derived spherule layers in drill core CT3 from the northern Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa)}, series = {Journal of African earth sciences / Geological Society of Africa}, volume = {138}, journal = {Journal of African earth sciences / Geological Society of Africa}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1464-343X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.11.020}, pages = {264 -- 288}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Archean spherule layers (SLs) of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB, South Africa) and Pilbara Craton (Australia) are the only known evidence of early, large impact events on Earth. Spherules in these layers have been, alternatively, interpreted as molten impact ejecta, condensation products from an impact vapor cloud, or ejecta from impact craters melted during atmospheric re-entry. Recently, a new exploration drill core (CT3) from the northern BGB revealed 17 SL intersections. Spherules are densely packed, sand-sized, and variably rounded or deformed. The CT3 SLs are intercalated with black and brown shale, and laminated chert. The determination of the original number of impact events that are represented by these multiple SLs is central to the present paper. A comprehensive study of the sedimentary and petrographic characteristics of these SLs involved the determination of the size, shape and types of individual spherules, as well as their mineralogy. CT3 SLs consist of K-feldspar, phyllosilicate, siderite, dolomite, quartz, Ti- and Fe-oxides, as well as apatite. In addition, small amounts of carbonaceous, presumably organic material are observed in several spherules at 145 and 149 m depth. Only Ni-rich Cr-spinel (up to 11 wt\% NiO) crystals, rare zircon grains, and alloys of platinum group elements ± Fe or Ni represent primary phases in these thoroughly altered strata. The 0.3 to 2.6-mm-sized spherules can be classified into four types: 1. Spherules crystallized completely with secondary K-feldspar (subtype 1A) or phyllosilicate (subtype 1B); spherules completely filled with Ti- and Fe-oxides (subtype 1C); spherules containing disordered or radially oriented, fibrous and lath-shaped K-feldspar textures (subtype 1D); or subtype 1B spherules that contain significant Cr-spinel (subtype 1E); 2. zoned compositions with these types 1A and/or 1B minerals (subtype 2A); spherules that contain central or marginal vesicles (subtype 2B); subtype 1B spherules whose rims consist of Ti and Fe-oxides (subtype 2C); 3. deformed spherules (subtype 3A) - of all types; (B) subtype 1B spherules are assimilated into groundmass; (C) open spherules or spherules with collapsed rims; and 4. interconnected spherules of type 1A. A few spherules show botryoidal devitrification textures interpreted to result from rapid cooling/devitrification of former melt droplets. SL 15 at a depth of 145 m is unique in being the only grain-size sorted SL; this bed may have been deposited by fallout through a water column. The SL and their host rocks can be easily distinguished by their significant differences in micro-XRF elemental distribution maps. Depending on which aspects of the SLs are primarily considered (such as similar geochemistry, similar layering, SL occurrences abundant at three different depth intervals), the 17 CT3 SLs can be assigned to three or up to 13 individual impact events. Uncertainty about the actual number of impact events represented remains, however, due to the complex folding deformation observed throughout the drill core.}, language = {en} } @article{WengLuedekeZempetal.2018, author = {Weng, Wei and L{\"u}deke, Matthias K. B. and Zemp, Delphine Clara and Lakes, Tobia and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Aerial and surface rivers}, series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS}, volume = {22}, journal = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS}, number = {1}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1027-5606}, doi = {10.5194/hess-22-911-2018}, pages = {911 -- 927}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The abundant evapotranspiration provided by the Amazon forests is an important component of the hydrological cycle, both regionally and globally. Since the last century, deforestation and expanding agricultural activities have been changing the ecosystem and its provision of moisture to the atmosphere. However, it remains uncertain how the ongoing land use change will influence rainfall, runoff, and water availability as findings from previous studies differ. Using moisture tracking experiments based on observational data, we provide a spatially detailed analysis recognizing potential teleconnection between source and sink regions of atmospheric moisture. We apply land use scenarios in upwind moisture sources and quantify the corresponding rainfall and runoff changes in downwind moisture sinks. We find spatially varying responses of water regimes to land use changes, which may explain the diverse results from previous studies. Parts of the Peruvian Amazon and western Bolivia are identified as the sink areas most sensitive to land use change in the Amazon and we highlight the current water stress by Amazonian land use change on these areas in terms of the water availability. Furthermore, we also identify the influential source areas where land use change may considerably reduce a given target sink's water reception (from our example of the Ucayali River basin outlet, rainfall by 5-12 \% and runoff by 19-50 \% according to scenarios). Sensitive sinks and influential sources are therefore suggested as hotspots for achieving sustainable land-water management.}, language = {en} }