@phdthesis{Jovanovic2018,
  author    = {Jovanovic, Nenad},
  title     = {The comprehension of the passive voice by different populations and the effects of structural priming on this process},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47590},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475900},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 164},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This thesis investigates the comprehension of the passive voice in three distinct populations. First, the comprehension of passives by adult German speakers was studied, followed by an examination of how German-speaking children comprehend the structure. Finally, bilingual Mandarin-English speakers were tested on their comprehension of the passive voice in English, which is their L2. An integral part of testing the comprehension in all three populations is the use of structural priming. In each of the three distinct parts of the research, structural priming was used for a specific reason. In the study involving adult German speakers, productive and receptive structural priming was directly compared. The goal was to see the effect the two priming modalities have on language comprehension. In the study on German-acquiring children, structural priming was an important tool in answering the question regarding the delayed acquisition of the passive voice. Finally, in the study on the bilingual population, cross-linguistic priming was used to investigate the importance of word order in the priming effect, since Mandarin and English have different word orders in passive voice sentences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Holl2018,
  author    = {Holl, Anna Katharina},
  title     = {Deficits in theory of mind and executive function as risk factors for conduct problems from middle childhood to early adolescence - a longitudinal perspective},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-45991},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459915},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {292},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In this thesis, deficits in theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) were examined in tandem and separately as risk factors for conduct problems, including different forms and functions of aggressive behavior. All three reported studies and the additional analyses were based on a large community sample of N = 1,657 children, including three waves of a longitudinal study covering middle childhood and the transition to early adolescence (range 6 to 13 years) over a total of about three years. All data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. Altogether, the results of all the conducted studies in this thesis extend previous research and confirm the propositions of the SIP model (Crick \& Dodge, 1994) and of the amygdala theory of violent behavior (e.g., Blair et al., 2014) besides other accounts. Considering the three main research questions, the results of the thesis suggest first that deficits in ToM are a risk factor for relational and physical aggression from a mean age of 8 to 11 years under the control of stable between-person differences in aggression. In addition, earlier relationally aggressive behavior predicts later deficits in ToM in this age range, which confirms transactional relations between deficits in ToM and aggressive behavior in children (Crick \& Dodge, 1994). Further, deficits in ToM seem to be a risk factor for parent-rated conduct problems cross-sectionally in an age range from 9 to 13 years. Second, deficits in cool EF are a risk factor for later physical, relational, and reactive aggression but not for proactive aggression over a course of three years from middle childhood to early adolescence. Habitual anger seems to mediate the relation between cool EF and physical, and as a trend also relational, aggression. Deficits in emotional and inhibitory control and planning have a direct effect on the individual level of conduct problems under the control of interindividual differences in conduct problems at a mean age of 8 years, but not on the trajectory of conduct problems over the course from age 8 to 11. Third, when deficits in cool EF and ToM are studied in tandem cross-sectionally at the transition from middle childhood to early adolescence, deficits in cool EF seem to play only an indirect role through deficits in ToM as a risk factor for conduct problems. Finally, all results hold equal for females and males in the conducted studies. The results of this thesis emphasize the need to intervene in the transactional processes between deficits in ToM and in EF and conduct problems, including different forms and functions of aggression, particularly in the socially sensible period from middle and late childhood to early adolescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Buschmann2018,
  author    = {Buschmann, Stefan},
  title     = {A software framework for GPU-based geo-temporal visualization techniques},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44340},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443406},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 99},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {R{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten sind Daten, welche sowohl einen Raum- als auch einen Zeitbezug aufweisen. So k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise Zeitreihen von Geodaten, thematische Karten die sich {\"u}ber die Zeit ver{\"a}ndern, oder Bewegungsaufzeichnungen von sich bewegenden Objekten als r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten aufgefasst werden. In der heutigen automatisierten Welt gibt es eine wachsende Anzahl von Datenquellen, die best{\"a}ndig r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten generieren. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren beispielsweise Verkehrs{\"u}berwachungssysteme, die Bewegungsdaten von Menschen oder Fahrzeugen aufzeichnen, Fernerkundungssysteme, welche regelm{\"a}ßig unsere Umgebung scannen und digitale Abbilder wie z.B. Stadt- und Landschaftsmodelle erzeugen, sowie Sensornetzwerke in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten, wie z.B. der Logistik, der Verhaltensforschung von Tieren, oder der Klimaforschung. Zur Analyse r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten werden neben der automatischen Analyse mittels statistischer Methoden und Data-Mining auch explorative Methoden angewendet, welche auf der interaktiven Visualisierung der Daten beruhen. Diese Methode der Analyse basiert darauf, dass Anwender in Form interaktiver Visualisierung die Daten explorieren k{\"o}nnen, wodurch die menschliche Wahrnehmung sowie das Wissen der User genutzt werden, um Muster zu erkennen und dadurch einen Einblick in die Daten zu erlangen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Software-Framework f{\"u}r die Visualisierung r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten, welches GPU-basierte Techniken beinhaltet, um eine interaktive Visualisierung und Exploration großer r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Datens{\"a}tze zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die entwickelten Techniken umfassen Datenhaltung, Prozessierung und Rendering und erm{\"o}glichen es, große Datenmengen in Echtzeit zu prozessieren und zu visualisieren. Die Hauptbeitr{\"a}ge der Arbeit umfassen: - Konzept und Implementierung einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline. Die beschriebenen Techniken basieren auf dem Konzept einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline, in welcher alle Stufen -- Prozessierung,Mapping, Rendering -- auf der GPU ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Bei diesem Konzept werden die r{\"a}umlich-zeitlichen Daten direkt im GPU-Speicher abgelegt. W{\"a}hrend des Rendering-Prozesses werden dann mittels Shader-Programmen die Daten prozessiert, gefiltert, ein Mapping auf visuelle Attribute vorgenommen, und schließlich die Geometrien f{\"u}r die Visualisierung erzeugt. Datenprozessierung, Filtering und Mapping k{\"o}nnen daher in Echtzeit ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht es Usern, die Mapping-Parameter sowie den gesamten Visualisierungsprozess interaktiv zu steuern und zu kontrollieren. - Interaktive Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode f{\"u}r die interaktive Exploration einer großen Anzahl von 3D Bewegungstrajektorien entwickelt. Die Trajektorien werden dabei innerhalb einer virtuellen geographischen Umgebung in Form von einfachen Geometrien, wie Linien, B{\"a}ndern, Kugeln oder R{\"o}hren dargestellt. Durch interaktives Mapping k{\"o}nnen Attributwerte der Trajektorien oder einzelner Messpunkte auf visuelle Eigenschaften abgebildet werden. Hierzu stehen Form, H{\"o}he, Gr{\"o}ße, Farbe, Textur, sowie Animation zur Verf{\"u}gung. Mithilfe dieses dynamischen Mappings wurden außerdem verschiedene Visualisierungsmethoden implementiert, wie z.B. eine Focus+Context-Visualisierung von Trajektorien mithilfe von interaktiven Dichtekarten, sowie einer Space-Time-Cube-Visualisierung zur Darstellung des zeitlichen Ablaufs einzelner Bewegungen. - Interaktive Visualisierung geographischer Netzwerke. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode zur interaktiven Exploration geo-referenzierter Netzwerke entwickelt, welche die Visualisierung von Netzwerken mit einer großen Anzahl von Knoten und Kanten erm{\"o}glicht. Um die Analyse von Netzwerken verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen und in unterschiedlichen Kontexten zu erm{\"o}glichen, stehen mehrere virtuelle geographische Umgebungen zur Verf{\"u}gung, wie bspw. ein virtueller 3D-Globus, als auch 2D-Karten mit unterschiedlichen geographischen Projektionen. Zur interaktiven Analyse dieser Netzwerke stehen interaktive Tools wie Filterung, Mapping und Selektion zur Verf{\"u}gung. Des weiteren wurden Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r verschiedene Arten von Netzwerken, wie z.B. 3D-Netzwerke und zeitlich ver{\"a}nderliche Netzwerke, implementiert. Zur Demonstration des Konzeptes wurden interaktive Tools f{\"u}r zwei unterschiedliche Anwendungsf{\"a}lle entwickelt. Das erste beinhaltet die Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien, welche die Bewegungen von Flugzeugen um einen Flughafen beschreiben. Es erm{\"o}glicht Nutzern, die Trajektorien von ankommenden und startenden Flugzeugen {\"u}ber den Zeitraum eines Monats interaktiv zu explorieren und zu analysieren. Durch Verwendung der interaktiven Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r 3D-Trajektorien und interaktiven Dichtekarten k{\"o}nnen Einblicke in die Daten gewonnen werden, wie beispielsweise h{\"a}ufig genutzte Flugkorridore, typische sowie untypische Bewegungsmuster, oder ungew{\"o}hnliche Vorkommnisse wie Fehlanfl{\"u}ge. Der zweite Anwendungsfall beinhaltet die Visualisierung von Klimanetzwerken, welche geographischen Netzwerken in der Klimaforschung darstellen. Klimanetzwerke repr{\"a}sentieren die Dynamiken im Klimasystem durch eine Netzwerkstruktur, die die statistische Beziehungen zwischen Orten beschreiben. Das entwickelte Tool erm{\"o}glicht es Analysten, diese großen Netzwerke interaktiv zu explorieren und dadurch die Struktur des Netzwerks zu analysieren und mit den geographischen Daten in Beziehung zu setzen. Interaktive Filterung und Selektion erm{\"o}glichen es, Muster in den Daten zu identifizieren, und so bspw. Cluster in der Netzwerkstruktur oder Str{\"o}mungsmuster zu erkennen.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jaeger2018,
  author    = {Jaeger, David},
  title     = {Enabling Big Data security analytics for advanced network attack detection},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43571},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435713},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XVII, 201, XXXIII},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The last years have shown an increasing sophistication of attacks against enterprises. Traditional security solutions like firewalls, anti-virus systems and generally Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are no longer sufficient to protect an enterprise against these advanced attacks. One popular approach to tackle this issue is to collect and analyze events generated across the IT landscape of an enterprise. This task is achieved by the utilization of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems. However, the majority of the currently existing SIEM solutions is not capable of handling the massive volume of data and the diversity of event representations. Even if these solutions can collect the data at a central place, they are neither able to extract all relevant information from the events nor correlate events across various sources. Hence, only rather simple attacks are detected, whereas complex attacks, consisting of multiple stages, remain undetected. Undoubtedly, security operators of large enterprises are faced with a typical Big Data problem. In this thesis, we propose and implement a prototypical SIEM system named Real-Time Event Analysis and Monitoring System (REAMS) that addresses the Big Data challenges of event data with common paradigms, such as data normalization, multi-threading, in-memory storage, and distributed processing. In particular, a mostly stream-based event processing workflow is proposed that collects, normalizes, persists and analyzes events in near real-time. In this regard, we have made various contributions in the SIEM context. First, we propose a high-performance normalization algorithm that is highly parallelized across threads and distributed across nodes. Second, we are persisting into an in-memory database for fast querying and correlation in the context of attack detection. Third, we propose various analysis layers, such as anomaly- and signature-based detection, that run on top of the normalized and correlated events. As a result, we demonstrate our capabilities to detect previously known as well as unknown attack patterns. Lastly, we have investigated the integration of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) into the analytical process, for instance, for correlating monitored user accounts with previously collected public identity leaks to identify possible compromised user accounts. In summary, we show that a SIEM system can indeed monitor a large enterprise environment with a massive load of incoming events. As a result, complex attacks spanning across the whole network can be uncovered and mitigated, which is an advancement in comparison to existing SIEM systems on the market.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wendi2018,
  author    = {Wendi, Dadiyorto},
  title     = {Recurrence Plots and Quantification Analysis of Flood Runoff Dynamics},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43191},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431915},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {114},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This paper introduces a novel measure to assess similarity between event hydrographs. It is based on Cross Recurrence Plots and Recurrence Quantification Analysis which have recently gained attention in a range of disciplines when dealing with complex systems. The method attempts to quantify the event runoff dynamics and is based on the time delay embedded phase space representation of discharge hydrographs. A phase space trajectory is reconstructed from the event hydrograph, and pairs of hydrographs are compared to each other based on the distance of their phase space trajectories. Time delay embedding allows considering the multi-dimensional relationships between different points in time within the event. Hence, the temporal succession of discharge values is taken into account, such as the impact of the initial conditions on the runoff event. We provide an introduction to Cross Recurrence Plots and discuss their parameterization. An application example based on flood time series demonstrates how the method can be used to measure the similarity or dissimilarity of events, and how it can be used to detect events with rare runoff dynamics. It is argued that this methods provides a more comprehensive approach to quantify hydrograph similarity compared to conventional hydrological signatures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Knospe2018,
  author    = {Knospe, Gloria-Mona},
  title     = {Processing of pronouns and reflexives in Turkish-German bilinguals},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43644},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436442},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xxii, 410},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Previous studies on native language (L1) anaphor resolution have found that monolingual native speakers are sensitive to syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic constraints on pronouns and reflexive resolution. However, most studies have focused on English and other Germanic languages, and little is currently known about the online (i.e., real-time) processing of anaphors in languages with syntactically less restricted anaphors, such as Turkish. We also know relatively little about how 'non-standard' populations such as non-native (L2) speakers and heritage speakers (HSs) resolve anaphors. This thesis investigates the interpretation and real-time processing of anaphors in German and in a typologically different and as yet understudied language, Turkish. It compares hypotheses about differences between native speakers' (L1ers) and L2 speakers' (L2ers) sentence processing, looking into differences in processing mechanisms as well as the possibility of cross-linguistic influence. To help fill the current research gap regarding HS sentence comprehension, it compares findings for this group with those for L2ers. To investigate the representation and processing of anaphors in these three populations, I carried out a series of offline questionnaires and Visual-World eye-tracking experiments on the resolution of reflexives and pronouns in both German and Turkish. In the German experiments, native German speakers as well as L2ers of German were tested, while in the Turkish experiments, non-bilingual native Turkish speakers as well as HSs of Turkish with L2 German were tested. This allowed me to observe both cross-linguistic differences as well as population differences between monolinguals' and different types of bilinguals' resolution of anaphors. Regarding the comprehension of Turkish anaphors by L1ers, contrary to what has been previously assumed, I found that Turkish has no reflexive that follows Condition A of Binding theory (Chomsky, 1981). Furthermore, I propose more general cross-linguistic differences between Turkish and German, in the form of a stronger reliance on pragmatic information in anaphor resolution overall in Turkish compared to German. As for the processing differences between L1ers and L2ers of a language, I found evidence in support of hypotheses which propose that L2ers of German rely more strongly on non-syntactic information compared to L1ers (Clahsen \& Felser, 2006, 2017; Cunnings, 2016, 2017) independent of a potential influence of their L1. HSs, on the other hand, showed a tendency to overemphasize interpretational contrasts between different Turkish anaphors compared to monolingual native speakers. However, lower-proficiency HSs were likely to merge different forms for simplified representation and processing. Overall, L2ers and HSs showed differences from monolingual native speakers both in their final interpretation of anaphors and during online processing. However, these differences were not parallel between the two types of bilingual and thus do not support a unified model of L2 and HS processing (cf. Montrul, 2012). The findings of this thesis contribute to the field of anaphor resolution by providing data from a previously unexplored language, Turkish, as well as contributing to research on native and non-native processing differences. My results also illustrate the importance of considering individual differences in the acquisition process when studying bilingual language comprehension. Factors such as age of acquisition, language proficiency and the type of input a language learner receives may influence the processing mechanisms they develop and employ, both between and within different bilingual populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wulff2018,
  author    = {Wulff, Alexander},
  title     = {Essays in macroeconomics and financial market imperfections},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42995},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429956},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {X, 142},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This dissertation consists of four self-contained papers that deal with the implications of financial market imperfections and heterogeneity. The analysis mainly relates to the class of incomplete-markets models but covers different research topics. The first paper deals with the distributional effects of financial integration for developing countries. Based on a simple heterogeneous-agent approach, it is shown that capital owners experience large welfare losses while only workers moderately gain due to higher wages. The large welfare losses for capital owners contrast with the small average welfare gains from representative-agent economies and indicate that a strong opposition against capital market opening has to be expected. The second paper considers the puzzling observation of capital flows from poor to rich countries and the accompanying changes in domestic economic development. Motivated by the mixed results from the literature, we employ an incomplete-markets model with different types of idiosyncratic risk and borrowing constraints. Based on different scenarios, we analyze under what conditions the presence of financial market imperfections contributes to explain the empirical findings and how the conditions may change with different model assumptions. The third paper deals with the interplay of incomplete information and financial market imperfections in an incomplete-markets economy. In particular, it analyzes the impact of incomplete information about idiosyncratic income shocks on aggregate saving. The results show that the effect of incomplete information is not only quantitatively substantial but also qualitatively ambiguous and varies with the influence of the income risk and the borrowing constraint. Finally, the fourth paper analyzes the influence of different types of fiscal rules on the response of key macroeconomic variables to a government spending shock. We find that a strong temporary increase in public debt contributes to stabilizing consumption and leisure in the first periods following the change in government spending, whereas a non-debt-intensive fiscal rule leads to a faster recovery of consumption, leisure, capital and output in later periods. Regarding optimal debt policy, we find that a debt-intensive fiscal rule leads to the largest aggregate welfare benefit and that the individual welfare gain is particularly high for wealth-poor agents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ion2018,
  author    = {Ion, Alexandra},
  title     = {Metamaterial devices},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42986},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429861},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 173},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Digital fabrication machines such as 3D printers excel at producing arbitrary shapes, such as for decorative objects. In recent years, researchers started to engineer not only the outer shape of objects, but also their internal microstructure. Such objects, typically based on 3D cell grids, are known as metamaterials. Metamaterials have been used to create materials that, e.g., change their volume, or have variable compliance. While metamaterials were initially understood as materials, we propose to think of them as devices. We argue that thinking of metamaterials as devices enables us to create internal structures that offer functionalities to implement an input-process-output model without electronics, but purely within the material's internal structure. In this thesis, we investigate three aspects of such metamaterial devices that implement parts of the input-process-output model: (1) materials that process analog inputs by implementing mechanisms based on their microstructure, (2) that process digital signals by embedding mechanical computation into the object's microstructure, and (3) interactive metamaterial objects that output to the user by changing their outside to interact with their environment. The input to our metamaterial devices is provided directly by the users interacting with the device by means of physically pushing the metamaterial, e.g., turning a handle, pushing a button, etc. The design of such intricate microstructures, which enable the functionality of metamaterial devices, is not obvious. The complexity of the design arises from the fact that not only a suitable cell geometry is necessary, but that additionally cells need to play together in a well-defined way. To support users in creating such microstructures, we research and implement interactive design tools. These tools allow experts to freely edit their materials, while supporting novice users by auto-generating cells assemblies from high-level input. Our tools implement easy-to-use interactions like brushing, interactively simulate the cell structures' deformation directly in the editor, and export the geometry as a 3D-printable file. Our goal is to foster more research and innovation on metamaterial devices by allowing the broader public to contribute.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Roezer2018,
  author    = {R{\"o}zer, Viktor},
  title     = {Pluvial flood loss to private households},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42991},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429910},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XXII, 109},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Today, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. With a high density of population and assets, urban areas are not only the economic, cultural and social hubs of every society, they are also highly susceptible to natural disasters. As a consequence of rising sea levels and an expected increase in extreme weather events caused by a changing climate in combination with growing cities, flooding is an increasing threat to many urban agglomerations around the globe. To mitigate the destructive consequences of flooding, appropriate risk management and adaptation strategies are required. So far, flood risk management in urban areas is almost exclusively focused on managing river and coastal flooding. Often overlooked is the risk from small-scale rainfall-triggered flooding, where the rainfall intensity of rainstorms exceeds the capacity of urban drainage systems, leading to immediate flooding. Referred to as pluvial flooding, this flood type exclusive to urban areas has caused severe losses in cities around the world. Without further intervention, losses from pluvial flooding are expected to increase in many urban areas due to an increase of impervious surfaces compounded with an aging drainage infrastructure and a projected increase in heavy precipitation events. While this requires the integration of pluvial flood risk into risk management plans, so far little is known about the adverse consequences of pluvial flooding due to a lack of both detailed data sets and studies on pluvial flood impacts. As a consequence, methods for reliably estimating pluvial flood losses, needed for pluvial flood risk assessment, are still missing. Therefore, this thesis investigates how pluvial flood losses to private households can be reliably estimated, based on an improved understanding of the drivers of pluvial flood loss. For this purpose, detailed data from pluvial flood-affected households was collected through structured telephone- and web-surveys following pluvial flood events in Germany and the Netherlands. Pluvial flood losses to households are the result of complex interactions between impact characteristics such as the water depth and a household's resistance as determined by its risk awareness, preparedness, emergency response, building properties and other influencing factors. Both exploratory analysis and machine-learning approaches were used to analyze differences in resistance and impacts between households and their effects on the resulting losses. The comparison of case studies showed that the awareness around pluvial flooding among private households is quite low. Low awareness not only challenges the effective dissemination of early warnings, but was also found to influence the implementation of private precautionary measures. The latter were predominately implemented by households with previous experience of pluvial flooding. Even cases where previous flood events affected a different part of the same city did not lead to an increase in preparedness of the surveyed households, highlighting the need to account for small-scale variability in both impact and resistance parameters when assessing pluvial flood risk. While it was concluded that the combination of low awareness, ineffective early warning and the fact that only a minority of buildings were adapted to pluvial flooding impaired the coping capacities of private households, the often low water levels still enabled households to mitigate or even prevent losses through a timely and effective emergency response. These findings were confirmed by the detection of loss-influencing variables, showing that cases in which households were able to prevent any loss to the building structure are predominately explained by resistance variables such as the household's risk awareness, while the degree of loss is mainly explained by impact variables. Based on the important loss-influencing variables detected, different flood loss models were developed. Similar to flood loss models for river floods, the empirical data from the preceding data collection was used to train flood loss models describing the relationship between impact and resistance parameters and the resulting loss to building structures. Different approaches were adapted from river flood loss models using both models with the water depth as only predictor for building structure loss and models incorporating additional variables from the preceding variable detection routine. The high predictive errors of all compared models showed that point predictions are not suitable for estimating losses on the building level, as they severely impair the reliability of the estimates. For that reason, a new probabilistic framework based on Bayesian inference was introduced that is able to provide predictive distributions instead of single loss estimates. These distributions not only give a range of probable losses, they also provide information on how likely a specific loss value is, representing the uncertainty in the loss estimate. Using probabilistic loss models, it was found that the certainty and reliability of a loss estimate on the building level is not only determined by the use of additional predictors as shown in previous studies, but also by the choice of response distribution defining the shape of the predictive distribution. Here, a mix between a beta and a Bernoulli distribution to account for households that are able to prevent losses to their building's structure was found to provide significantly more certain and reliable estimates than previous approaches using Gaussian or non-parametric response distributions. The successful model transfer and post-event application to estimate building structure loss in Houston, TX, caused by pluvial flooding during Hurricane Harvey confirmed previous findings, and demonstrated the potential of the newly developed multi-variable beta model for future risk assessments. The highly detailed input data set constructed from openly available data sources containing over 304,000 affected buildings in Harris County further showed the potential of data-driven, building-level loss models for pluvial flood risk assessment. In conclusion, pluvial flood losses to private households are the result of complex interactions between impact and resistance variables, which should be represented in loss models. The local occurrence of pluvial floods requires loss estimates on high spatial resolutions, i.e. on the building level, where losses are variable and uncertainties are high. Therefore, probabilistic loss estimates describing the uncertainty of the estimate should be used instead of point predictions. While the performance of probabilistic models on the building level are mainly driven by the choice of response distribution, multi-variable models are recommended for two reasons: First, additional resistance variables improve the detection of cases in which households were able to prevent structural losses. Second, the added variability of additional predictors provides a better representation of the uncertainties when loss estimates from multiple buildings are aggregated. This leads to the conclusion that data-driven probabilistic loss models on the building level allow for a reliable loss estimation at an unprecedented level of detail, with a consistent quantification of uncertainties on all aggregation levels. This makes the presented approach suitable for a wide range of applications, from decision support in spatial planning to impact- based early warning systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Naseri2018,
  author    = {Naseri, Gita},
  title     = {Plant-derived transcription factors and their application for synthetic biology approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42151},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421514},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {187},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Bereits seit 9000 Jahren verwendet die Menschheit die B{\"a}ckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae f{\"u}r das Brauen von Bier, aber erst seit 150 Jahren wissen wir, dass es sich bei diesem unerm{\"u}dlichen Helfer im Brauprozess um einzellige, lebende Organismen handelt. Und die B{\"a}ckerhefe kann noch viel mehr. Im Rahmen des Forschungsgebietes der Synthetischen Biologie soll unter anderem die B{\"a}ckerhefe als innovatives Werkzeug f{\"u}r die biobasierte Herstellung verschiedenster Substanzen etabliert werden. Zu diesen Substanzen z{\"a}hlen unter anderem Feinchemikalien, Biokraftstoffe und Biopolymere sowie pharmakologisch und medizinisch interessante Pflanzenstoffe. Damit diese verschiedensten Substanzen in der B{\"a}ckerhefe hergestellt werden k{\"o}nnen, m{\"u}ssen große Mengen an Produktionsinformationen zum Beispiel aus Pflanzen in die Hefezellen {\"u}bertragen werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus m{\"u}ssen die neu eingebrachten Biosynthesewege reguliert und kontrolliert in den Zellen ablaufen. Auch Optimierungsprozesse zur Erh{\"o}hung der Produktivit{\"a}t sind notwendig. F{\"u}r alle diese Arbeitsschritte mangelt es bis heute an anwendungsbereiten Technologien und umfassenden Plattformen. Daher wurden im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit verschiedene Technologien und Plattformen zur Informations{\"u}bertragung, Regulation und Prozessoptimierung geplant und erzeugt. F{\"u}r die Konstruktion von Biosynthesewegen in der B{\"a}ckerhefe wurde als erstes eine Plattform aus neuartigen Regulatoren und Kontrollelementen auf der Basis pflanzlicher Kontrollelemente generiert und charakterisiert. Im zweiten Schritt erfolgte die Entwicklung einer Technologie zur kombinatorischen Verwendung der Regulatoren in der Planung und Optimierung von Biosynthesewegen (COMPASS). Abschließend wurde eine Technologie f{\"u}r die Prozessoptimierung der ver{\"a}nderten Hefezellen entwickelt (CapRedit). Die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der entwickelten Plattformen und Technologien wurde durch eine Optimierung der Produktion von Carotenoiden (Beta-Carotin und Beta-Ionon) und Flavonoiden (Naringenin) in Hefezellen nachgewiesen. Die im Rahmen der Arbeit etablierten neuartigen Plattformen und innovativen Technologien sind ein wertvoller Grundbaustein f{\"u}r die Erweiterung der Nutzbarkeit der B{\"a}ckerhefe. Sie erm{\"o}glichen den Einsatz der Hefezellen in kosteneffizienten Produktionswegen und alternativen chemischen Wertsch{\"o}pfungsketten. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen zum Beispiel Biokraftstoffe und pharmakologisch interessante Pflanzenstoffe unter Verwendung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Reststoffen und Nebenprodukten hergestellt werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ergeben sich Anwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten zur Bodensanierung und Wasseraufbereitung.},
  language  = {en}
}