@phdthesis{Badetko2023,
  author    = {Badetko, Dominik},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Totalsynthese von Arylnaphthalen-Lignanen mittels Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion als Schl{\"u}sselschritt},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59306},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-593065},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {III, 428},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden die erstmaligen Totalsynthesen der Arylnaphthalen-Lignane Alashinol D, Vitexdoin C, Vitrofolal E, Noralashinol C1 und Ternifoliuslignan E vorgestellt. Der Schl{\"u}sselschritt der entwickelten Methode, basiert auf einer regioselektiven intramolekularen Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA)-Reaktion, die mittels UV-Strahlung im Durchflussreaktor durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Bei der Synthese der PDDA-Vorl{\"a}ufer (Diarylsuberate) wurde eine Synthesestrategie nach dem Baukastenprinzip verfolgt. Diese erm{\"o}glicht die Darstellung asymmetrischer komplexer Systeme aus nur wenigen Grundbausteinen und die Totalsynthese einer Vielzahl an Lignanen. In systematischen Voruntersuchungen konnte zudem die klare {\"U}berlegenheit der intra- gegen{\"u}ber der intermolekularen PDDA-Reaktion aufgezeigt werden. Dabei stellte sich eine Verkn{\"u}pfung der beiden Arylpropiolester {\"u}ber einen Korks{\"a}ureb{\"u}gel, in para-Position, als besonders effizient heraus. Werden asymmetrisch substituierte Diarylsuberate, bei denen einer der endst{\"a}ndigen Estersubstituenten durch eine Trimethylsilyl-Gruppe oder ein Wasserstoffatom ersetzt wurde, verwendet, durchlaufen diese Systeme eine regioselektive Cyclisierung und als Hauptprodukt werden Naphthalenophane mit einem Methylester in 3-Position erhalten. Mit Hilfe von umfangreichen Experimenten zur Funktionalisierung der 4-Position, konnte zudem gezeigt werden, dass die Substitution der nucleophilen Cycloallen-Intermediate, w{\"a}hrend der PDDA-Reaktion, generell durch die Zugabe von N-Halogen-Succinimiden m{\"o}glich ist. In Anbetracht der geringen Ausbeuten haben diese intermolekularen Abfangreaktionen, jedoch keinen pr{\"a}parativen Nutzen f{\"u}r die Totalsynthesen von Lignanen. Mit dem Ziel die allgemeinen photochemischen Reaktionsbedingungen zu optimieren, wurde erstmalig die triplettsensibilisierte PDDA-Reaktion vorgestellt. Durch die Verwendung von Xanthon als Sensibilisator wurde der Einsatz von effizienteren UVA-Lichtquellen erm{\"o}glicht, wodurch die Gefahr einer Photozersetzung durch {\"U}berbestrahlung minimiert wurde. Im Vergleich zur direkten Anregung mit UVB-Strahlung, konnten die Ausbeuten mit indirekter Anregung durch einen Photokatalysator signifikant gesteigert werden. Die grundlegenden Erkenntnisse und die entwickelten Synthesestrategien dieser Arbeit, k{\"o}nnen dazu beitragen zuk{\"u}nftig die Erschließung neuer pharmakologisch interessanter Lignane voranzutreiben. 1 Bisher ist nur die semisynthetische Darstellung von Noralashinol C ausgehend von Hydroxymatairesinol literaturbekannt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{DettmannHuittinenJahnetal.2023,
  author    = {Dettmann, Sophie and Huittinen, Nina Maria and Jahn, Nicolas and Kretzschmar, Jerome and Kumke, Michael and Kutyma, Tamara and Lohmann, Janik and Reich, Tobias and Schmeide, Katja and Azzam, Salim Shams Aldin and Spittler, Leon and Stietz, Janina},
  title     = {Influence of gluconate on the retention of Eu(III), Am(III), Th(IV), Pu(IV), and U(VI) by C-S-H (C/S = 0.8)},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1318},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58845},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588455},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The retention of actinides in different oxidation states (An(X), X = III, IV, VI) by a calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase with a Ca/Si (C/S) ratio of 0.8 was investigated in the presence of gluconate (GLU). The actinides considered were Am(III), Th(IV), Pu(IV), and U(VI). Eu(III) was investigated as chemical analogue for Am(III) and Cm(III). In addition to the ternary systems An(X)/GLU/C-S-H, also binary systems An(X)/C-S-H, GLU/C-S-H, and An(X)/GLU were studied. Complementary analytical techniques were applied to address the different specific aspects of the binary and ternary systems. Time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) was applied in combination with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to identify retained species and to monitor species-selective sorption kinetics. ¹³C and ²⁹Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to determine the bulk structure and the composition of the C-S-H surface, respectively, in the absence and presence of GLU. The interaction of Th(IV) with GLU in different electrolytes was studied by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS). The influence of GLU on An(X) retention was investigated for a large concentration range up to 10⁻² M. The results showed that GLU had little to no effect on the overall An(X) retention by C-S-H with C/S of 0.8, regardless of the oxidation state of the actinides. For Eu(III), the TRLFS investigations additionally implied the formation of a Eu(III)-bearing precipitate with dissolved constituents of the C-S-H phase, which becomes structurally altered by the presence of GLU. For U(VI) sorption on the C-S-H phase, only a small influence of GLU could be established in the luminescence spectroscopic investigations, and no precipitation of U(VI)-containing secondary phases could be identified.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Henschel2023,
  author    = {Henschel, Cristiane},
  title     = {Thermoresponsive polymers with co-nonsolvency behavior},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57716},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577161},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiv, 260},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Despite the popularity of thermoresponsive polymers, much is still unknown about their behavior, how it is triggered, and what factors influence it, hindering the full exploitation of their potential. One particularly puzzling phenomenon is called co-nonsolvency, in which a polymer is soluble in two individual solvents, but counter-intuitively becomes insoluble in mixtures of both. Despite the innumerous potential applications of such systems, including actuators, viscosity regulators and as carrier structures, this field has not yet been extensively studied apart from the classical example of poly(N isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) in mixtures of water and methanol. Therefore, this thesis focuses on evaluating how changes in the chemical structure of the polymers impact the thermoresponsive, aggregation and co-nonsolvency behaviors of both homopolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers. Within this scope, both the synthesis of the polymers and their characterization in solution is investigated. Homopolymers were synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization, whereas block copolymers were synthesized by consecutive reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations. The synthesis of the monomers N isopropyl methacrylamide (NIPMAM) and N vinyl isobutyramide (NVIBAM), as well as a few chain transfer agents is also covered. Through turbidimetry measurements, the thermoresponsive and co-nonsolvency behavior of PNIPMAM and PNVIBAM homopolymers is then compared to the well-known PNIPAM, in aqueous solutions with 9 different organic co-solvents. Additionally, the effects of end-groups, molar mass, and concentration are investigated. Despite the similarity of their chemical structures, the 3 homopolymers show significant differences in transition temperatures and some divergences in their co-nonsolvency behavior. More complex systems are also evaluated, namely amphiphilic di- and triblock copolymers of PNIPAM and PNIPMAM with polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) hydrophobic blocks. Dynamic light scattering is used to evaluate their aggregation behavior in aqueous and mixed aqueous solutions, and how it is affected by the chemical structure of the blocks, the chain architecture, presence of cosolvents and polymer concentration. The results obtained shed light into the thermoresponsive, co-nonsolvency and aggregation behavior of these polymers in solution, providing valuable information for the design of systems with a desired aggregation behavior, and that generate targeted responses to temperature and solvent mixture changes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Esen2023,
  author    = {Esen, Cansu},
  title     = {Carbon nitride incorporation in polymer networks},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57625},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-576253},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xvi, 175},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The urge of light utilization in fabrication of materials is as encouraging as challenging. Steadily increasing energy consumption in accordance with rapid population growth, is requiring a corresponding solution within the same rate of occurrence speed. Therefore, creating, designing and manufacturing materials that can interact with light and in further be applicable as well as disposable in photo-based applications are very much under attention of researchers. In the era of sustainability for renewable energy systems, semiconductor-based photoactive materials have received great attention not only based on solar and/or hydrocarbon fuels generation from solar energy, but also successful stimulation of photocatalytic reactions such as water splitting, pollutant degradation and organic molecule synthesisThe turning point had been reached for water splitting with an electrochemical cell consisting of TiO2-Pt electrode illuminated by UV light as energy source rather than an external voltage, that successfully pursued water photolysis by Fujishima and Honda in 1972. Ever since, there has been a great deal of interest in research of semiconductors (e.g. metal oxide, metal-free organic, noble-metal complex) exhibiting effective band gap for photochemical reactions. In the case of environmental friendliness, toxicity of metal-based semiconductors brings some restrictions in possible applications. Regarding this, very robust and 'earth-abundant' organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride has been synthesized and successfully applied in photoinduced applications as novel photocatalyst. Properties such as suitable band gap, low charge carrier recombination and feasibility for scaling up, pave the way of advance combination with other catalysts to gather higher photoactivity based on compatible heterojunction. This dissertation aims to demonstrate a series of combinations between organic semiconductor g-CN and polymer materials that are forged through photochemistry, either in synthesis or in application. Fabrication and design processes as well as applications performed in accordance to the scope of thesis will be elucidated in detail. In addition to UV light, more attention is placed on visible light as energy source with a vision of more sustainability and better scalability in creation of novel materials and solar energy based applications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hwang2023,
  author    = {Hwang, Jinyeon},
  title     = {Influence of the pore structure and chemical properties of all-carbon composites on their electrochemical properties in lithium-ion capacitors},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59168},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591683},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {156},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are promising energy storage devices by asymmetrically combining anode with a high energy density close to lithium-ion batteries and cathode with a high power density and long-term stability close to supercapacitors. For the further improvement of LICs, the development of electrode materials with hierarchical porosity, nitrogen-rich lithiophilic sites, and good electrical conductivity is essential. Nitrogen-rich all-carbon composite hybrids are suitable for these conditions along with high stability and tunability, resulting in a breakthrough to achieve the high performance of LICs. In this thesis, two different all-carbon composites are suggested to unveil how the pore structure of lithiophilic composites influences the properties of LICs. Firstly, the composite with 0-dimensional zinc-templated carbon (ZTC) and hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT) is examined how the pore structure is connected to Li-ion storage property as LIC electrode. As the pore structure of HAT/ZTC composite is easily tunable depending on the synthetic factor and ratio of each component, the results will allow deeper insights into Li-ion dynamics in different porosity, and low-cost synthesis by optimization of the HAT:ZTC ratio. Secondly, the composite with 1-dimensional nanoporous carbon fiber (ACF) and cost-effective melamine is proposed as a promising all-carbon hybrid for large-scale application. Since ACF has ultra-micropores, the numerical structure-property relationships will be calculated out not only from total pore volume but more specifically from ultra-micropore volume. From these results above, it would be possible to understand how hybrid all-carbon composites interact with lithium ions in nanoscale as well as how structural properties affect the energy storage performance. Based on this understanding derived from the simple materials modeling, it will provide a clue to design the practical hybrid materials for efficient electrodes in LICs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Strauss2023,
  author    = {Strauß, Volker},
  title     = {Laser-induced carbonization - from fundamentals to applications},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59199},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591995},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VIII, 78, A245},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Fabricating electronic devices from natural, renewable resources has been a common goal in engineering and materials science for many years. In this regard, carbon is of special significance due to its biological compatibility. In the laboratory, carbonized materials and their composites have been proven as promising solutions for a range of future applications in electronics, optoelectronics, or catalytic systems. On the industrial scale, however, their application is inhibited by tedious and expensive preparation processes and a lack of control over the processing and material parameters. Therefore, we are exploring new concepts for the direct utilization of functional carbonized materials in electronic applications. In particular, laser-induced carbonization (carbon laser-patterning (CLaP)) is emerging as a new tool for the precise and selective synthesis of functional carbon-based materials for flexible on-chip applications. We developed an integrated approach for on-the-spot laser-induced synthesis of flexible, carbonized films with specific functionalities. To this end, we design versatile precursor inks made from naturally abundant starting compounds and reactants to cast films which are carbonized with an infrared laser to obtain functional patterns of conductive porous carbon networks. In our studies we obtained deep mechanistic insights into the formation process and the microstructure of laser-patterned carbons (LP-C). We shed light on the kinetic reaction mechanism based on the interplay between the precursor properties and the reaction conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the use of porogens, additives, and reactants to provide a toolbox for the chemical and physical fine-tuning of the electronic and surface properties and the targeted integration of functional sites into the carbon network. Based on this knowledge, we developed prototype resistive chemical and mechanical sensors. In further studies, we show the applicability of LP-C as electrode materials in electrocatalytic and charge-storage applications. To put our findings into a common perspective, our results are embedded into the context of general carbonization strategies, fundamentals of laser-induced materials processing, and a broad literature review on state-of-the-art laser-carbonization, in the general part.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{FortesMartin2023,
  author    = {Fortes Mart{\´i}n, Rebeca},
  title     = {Water-in-oil microemulsions as soft-templates to mediate nanoparticle interfacial assembly into hybrid nanostructures},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57180},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571801},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {119},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Hybrid nanomaterials offer the combination of individual properties of different types of nanoparticles. Some strategies for the development of new nanostructures in larger scale rely on the self-assembly of nanoparticles as a bottom-up approach. The use of templates provides ordered assemblies in defined patterns. In a typical soft-template, nanoparticles and other surface-active agents are incorporated into non-miscible liquids. The resulting self-organized dispersions will mediate nanoparticle interactions to control the subsequent self-assembly. Especially interactions between nanoparticles of very different dispersibility and functionality can be directed at a liquid-liquid interface. In this project, water-in-oil microemulsions were formulated from quasi-ternary mixtures with Aerosol-OT as surfactant. Oleyl-capped superparamagnetic iron oxide and/or silver nanoparticles were incorporated in the continuous organic phase, while polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles were confined in the dispersed water droplets. Each type of nanoparticle can modulate the surfactant film and the inter-droplet interactions in diverse ways, and their combination causes synergistic effects. Interfacial assemblies of nanoparticles resulted after phase-separation. On one hand, from a biphasic Winsor type II system at low surfactant concentration, drop-casting of the upper phase afforded thin films of ordered nanoparticles in filament-like networks. Detailed characterization proved that this templated assembly over a surface is based on the controlled clustering of nanoparticles and the elongation of the microemulsion droplets. This process offers versatility to use different nanoparticle compositions by keeping the surface functionalization, in different solvents and over different surfaces. On the other hand, a magnetic heterocoagulate was formed at higher surfactant concentration, whose phase-transfer from oleic acid to water was possible with another auxiliary surfactant in ethanol-water mixture. When the original components were initially mixed under heating, defined oil-in-water, magnetic-responsive nanostructures were obtained, consisting on water-dispersible nanoparticle domains embedded by a matrix-shell of oil-dispersible nanoparticles. Herein, two different approaches were demonstrated to form diverse hybrid nanostructures from reverse microemulsions as self-organized dispersions of the same components. This shows that microemulsions are versatile soft-templates not only for the synthesis of nanoparticles, but also for their self-assembly, which suggest new approaches towards the production of new sophisticated nanomaterials in larger scale.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pan2023,
  author    = {Pan, Xuefeng},
  title     = {Soft-template directed functional composite nanomaterials},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61270},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-612709},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 185},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Soft-template strategy enables the fabrication of composite nanomaterials with desired functionalities and structures. In this thesis, soft templates, including poly(ionic liquid) nanovesicles (PIL NVs), self-assembled polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) particles, and glycopeptide (GP) biomolecules have been applied for the synthesis of versatile composite particles of PILs/Cu, molybdenum disulfide/carbon (MoS2/C), and GP-carbon nanotubes-metal (GP-CNTs-metal) composites, respectively. Subsequently, their possible applications as efficient catalysts in two representative reactions, i.e. CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), have been studied, respectively. In the first work, PIL NVs with a tunable particle size of 50 to 120 nm and a shell thickness of 15 to 60 nm have been prepared via one-step free radical polymerization. By increasing monomer concentration for polymerization, their nanoscopic morphology can evolve from hollow NVs to dense spheres, and finally to directional worms, in which a multi-lamellar packing of PIL chains occurred in all samples. The obtained PIL NVs with varied shell thickness have been in situ functionalized with ultra-small Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs, 1-3 nm) and subsequently employed as the electrocatalysts for CO2ER. The hollow PILs/Cu composite catalysts exhibit a 2.5-fold enhancement in selectivity towards C1 products compared to the pristine Cu NPs. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the strong electronic interactions between the Cu NPs and the surface functionalities of PIL NVs. This study casts new aspects on using nanostructured PILs as novel electrocatalyst supports in efficient CO2 conversion. In the second work, a novel approach towards fast degradation of 4-NP has been developed using porous MoS2/C particles as catalysts, which integrate the intrinsically catalytic property of MoS2 with its photothermal conversion capability. Various MoS2/C composite particles have been prepared using assembled PS-b-P2VP block copolymer particles as sacrificed soft templates. Intriguingly, the MoS2/C particles exhibit tailored morphologies including pomegranate-like, hollow, and open porous structures. Subsequently, the photothermal conversion performance of these featured particles has been compared under near infrared (NIR) light irradiation. When employing the open porous MoS2/C particles as the catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP, the reaction rate constant has increased by 1.5-fold under light illumination. This catalytic enhancement mainly results from the open porous architecture and photothermal conversion performance of the MoS2 particles. This proposed strategy offers new opportunities for efficient photothermal-assisted catalysis. In the third work, a facile and green approach towards the fabrication of GP-CNTs-metal composites has been proposed, which utilizes a versatile GP biomolecule both as a stabilizer for CNTs in water and as a reducing agent for noble metal ions. The abundant hydrogen bonds in GP molecules bestow the formed GP-CNTs with excellent plasticity, enabling the availability of polymorphic CNTs species ranging from dispersion to viscous paste, gel, and even dough by increasing their concentration. The GP molecules can reduce metal precursors at room temperature without additional reducing agents, enabling the in situ immobilization of metal NPs (e.g. Au, Ag, and Pd) on the CNTs surface. The combination of excellent catalytic property of Pd NPs with photothermal conversion capability of CNTs makes the GP-CNTs-Pd composite a promising catalyst for the efficient degradation of 4-NP. The obtained composite displays a 1.6-fold increase in conversion under NIR light illumination in the reduction of 4-NP, mainly owing to the strong light-to-heat conversion effect of CNTs. Overall, the proposed method opens a new avenue for the synthesis of CNTs composite as a sustainable and versatile catalyst platform. The results presented in the current thesis demonstrate the significance of using soft templates for the synthesis of versatile composites with tailored nanostructure and functionalities. The investigation of these composite nanomaterials in the catalytic reactions reveals their potential in the development of desired catalysts for emerging catalytic processes, e.g. photothermal-assisted catalysis and electrocatalysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ihlenburg2023,
  author    = {Ihlenburg, Ramona},
  title     = {Sulfobetainhydrogele mit biomedizinischem Anwendungspotential und deren Netzwerkcharakterisierung im Gleichgewichtsquellzustand},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-60709},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607093},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xi, 228, xlviii},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In dieser Dissertation konnten erfolgreich mechanisch stabile Hydrogele {\"u}ber eine freie radikalische Polymerisation (FRP) in Wasser synthetisiert werden. Dabei diente vor allem das Sulfobetain SPE als Monomer. Dieses wurde mit dem {\"u}ber eine nukleophile Substitution erster bzw. zweiter Ordnung hergestellten Vernetzer TMBEMPA/Br umgesetzt. Die entstandenen Netzwerke wurden im Gleichgewichtsquellzustand im Wesentlichen mittels Niederfeld-Kernresonanzspektroskopie, R{\"o}ntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (SAXS), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie mit Tieftemperaturtechnik (Kryo-REM), dynamisch-mechanische Analyse (DMA), Rheologie, thermogravimetrische Analyse (TGA) und dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie (DSC) analysiert. Das hierarchisch aufgebaute Netzwerk wurde anschließend f{\"u}r die matrixgesteuerten Mineralisation von Calciumphosphat und -carbonat genutzt. {\"U}ber das alternierende Eintauchverfahren (engl. „alternate soaking method") und der Variation von Mineralisationsparametern, wie pH-Wert, Konzentration c und Temperatur T konnten dann verschiedene Modifikationen des Calciumphosphats generiert werden. Das entstandene Hybridmaterial wurde qualitativ mittels R{\"o}ntgenpulverdiffraktometrie (XRD), abgeschw{\"a}chte Totalreflexion-fouriertransformierte Infrarot Spektroskopie (ATR-FTIR), Raman-Spektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) mit energiedispersiver R{\"o}ntgenspektroskopie (EDXS) und optischer Mikroskopie (OM) als auch quantitative mittels Gravimetrie und TGA analysiert. F{\"u}r die potentielle Verwendung in der Medizintechnik, z.B. als Implantatmaterial, ist die grundlegende Einsch{\"a}tzung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Hydrogel bzw. Hybridmaterial und verschiedener Zelltypen unerl{\"a}sslich. Dazu wurden verschiedene Zelltypen, wie Einzeller, Bakterien und adulte Stammzellen verwendet. Die Wechselwirkung mit Peptidsequenzen von Phagen komplettiert das biologische Unterkapitel. Hydrogele sind mannigfaltig einsetzbar. Diese Arbeit fasst daher weitere Projektperspektiven, auch außerhalb des biomedizinischem Anwendungsspektrums, auf. So konnten erste Ans{\"a}tze zur serienm{\"a}ßige bzw. maßgeschneiderte Produktion {\"u}ber das „Inkjet" Verfahren erreicht werden. Um dies erm{\"o}glichen zu k{\"o}nnen wurden erfolgreich weitere Synthesestrategien, wie die Photopolymerisation und die redoxinitiierte Polymerisation, ausgenutzt. Auch die Eignung als Filtermaterial oder Superabsorber wurde analysiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Djalali2023,
  author    = {Djalali, Saveh Arman},
  title     = {Multiresponsive complex emulsions: Concepts for the design of active and adaptive liquid colloidal systems},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57520},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-575203},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {151},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Complex emulsions are dispersions of kinetically stabilized multiphasic emulsion droplets comprised of two or more immiscible liquids that provide a novel material platform for the generation of active and dynamic soft materials. In recent years, the intrinsic reconfigurable morphological behavior of complex emulsions, which can be attributed to the unique force equilibrium between the interfacial tensions acting at the various interfaces, has become of fundamental and applied interest. As such, particularly biphasic Janus droplets have been investigated as structural templates for the generation of anisotropic precision objects, dynamic optical elements or as transducers and signal amplifiers in chemo- and bio-sensing applications. In the present thesis, switchable internal morphological responses of complex droplets triggered by stimuli-induced alterations of the balance of interfacial tensions have been explored as a universal building block for the design of multiresponsive, active, and adaptive liquid colloidal systems. A series of underlying principles and mechanisms that influence the equilibrium of interfacial tensions have been uncovered, which allowed the targeted design of emulsion bodies that can alter their shape, bind and roll on surfaces, or change their geometrical shape in response to chemical stimuli. Consequently, combinations of the unique triggerable behavior of Janus droplets with designer surfactants, such as a stimuli-responsive photosurfactant (AzoTAB) resulted for instance in shape-changing soft colloids that exhibited a jellyfish inspired buoyant motion behavior, holding great promise for the design of biological inspired active material architectures and transformable soft robotics. In situ observations of spherical Janus emulsion droplets using a customized side-view microscopic imaging setup with accompanying pendant dropt measurements disclosed the sensitivity regime of the unique chemical-morphological coupling inside complex emulsions and enabled the recording of calibration curves for the extraction of critical parameters of surfactant effectiveness. The deduced new "responsive drop" method permitted a convenient and cost-efficient quantification and comparison of the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) and effectiveness of various cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants. Moreover, the method allowed insightful characterization of stimuli-responsive surfactants and monitoring of the impact of inorganic salts on the CMC and surfactant effectiveness of ionic and nonionic surfactants. Droplet functionalization with synthetic crown ether surfactants yielded a synthetically minimal material platform capable of autonomous and reversible adaptation to its chemical environment through different supramolecular host-guest recognition events. Addition of metal or ammonium salts resulted in the uptake of the resulting hydrophobic complexes to the hydrocarbon hemisphere, whereas addition of hydrophilic ammonium compounds such as amino acids or polypeptides resulted in supramolecular assemblies at the hydrocarbon-water interface of the droplets. The multiresponsive material platform enabled interfacial complexation and thus triggered responses of the droplets to a variety of chemical triggers including metal ions, ammonium compounds, amino acids, antibodies, carbohydrates as well as amino-functionalized solid surfaces. In the final chapter, the first documented optical logic gates and combinatorial logic circuits based on complex emulsions are presented. More specifically, the unique reconfigurable and multiresponsive properties of complex emulsions were exploited to realize droplet-based logic gates of varying complexity using different stimuli-responsive surfactants in combination with diverse readout methods. In summary, different designs for multiresponsive, active, and adaptive liquid colloidal systems were presented and investigated, enabling the design of novel transformative chemo-intelligent soft material platforms.},
  language  = {en}
}