@article{SchoenigerThonigReschetal.2021,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}niger, Franziska and Thonig, Richard and Resch, Gustav and Lilliestam, Johan},
  title     = {Making the sun shine at night},
  series = {Energy sources. B, Economics, planning and policy},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Energy sources. B, Economics, planning and policy},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1556-7249},
  doi       = {10.1080/15567249.2020.1843565},
  pages     = {55 -- 74},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Sustainable electricity systems need renewable and dispatchable energy sources. Solar energy is an abundant source of renewable energy globally which is, though, by nature only available during the day, and especially in clear weather conditions. We compare three technology configurations able to provide dispatchable solar power at times without sunshine: Photovoltaics (PV) combined with battery (BESS) or thermal energy storage (TES) and concentrating solar power (CSP) with TES. Modeling different periods without sunshine, we find that PV+BESS is competitive for shorter storage durations while CSP+TES gains economic advantages for longer storage periods (also over PV+TES). The corresponding tipping points lie at 2-3 hours (current cost), and 4-10 hours if expectations on future cost developments are taken into consideration. PV+TES becomes only more competitive than CSP+TES with immense additional cost reductions of PV. Hence, there remain distinct niches for two technologies: PV+BESS for short storage durations and CSP+TES for longer ones.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SchoenigerReschKleinschmittetal.2022,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}niger, Franziska and Resch, Gustav and Kleinschmitt, Christoph and Franke, Katja and Thonig, Richard and Lilliestam, Johan},
  title     = {The need for dispatchable RES},
  series = {Renewable energy based solutions},
  volume    = {87},
  booktitle = {Renewable energy based solutions},
  editor    = {Uyar, Tanay S{\i}dk{\i} and Javani, Nader},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-031-05124-1},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-031-05125-8_8},
  pages     = {219 -- 239},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonised power generation and is one of the few switchable renewable technologies that can generate renewable power on demand. Today (2018), CSP only contributes 5 TWh to European electricity generation but has the potential to become an important generation asset for decarbonising the electricity sector within Europe as well as globally. This chapter examines how factors and key political decisions lead to different futures and the associated CSP use in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step, we characterise the scenarios with the associated system costs and the costs of the support policy. We show that the role of CSP in Europe depends crucially on political decisions and the success or failure of policies outside of renewable energies. In particular, the introduction of CSP depends on the general ambitions for decarbonisation, the level of cross-border trade in electricity from renewable sources and is made possible by the existence of a strong grid connection between the southern and northern European Member States and by future growth in electricity demand. The presence of other baseload technologies, particularly nuclear energy in France, diminishes the role and need for CSP. Assuming a favourable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modelled scenarios: Contribution of 100 TWh to 300 TWh of electricity to a future European electricity system. The current European CSP fleet would have to be increased by a factor of 20 to 60 over the next 30 years. To achieve this, stable financial support for CSP would be required. Depending on framework conditions and assumptions, the amount of support ranges at the EU level from € 0.4 to 2 billion per year, which represents only a small proportion of the total support requirement for the energy system transformation. Cooperation between the Member States could further help reduce these costs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReschSchoenigerKleinschmittetal.2022,
  author    = {Resch, Gustav and Sch{\"o}niger, Franziska and Kleinschmitt, Christoph and Franke, Katja and Thonig, Richard and Lilliestam, Johan},
  title     = {Deep decarbonization of the European power sector calls for dispatchable CSP},
  series = {AIP conference proceedings},
  journal   = {AIP conference proceedings},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {1551-7616},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086710},
  pages     = {050006-1 -- 050006-9},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonized power generation and is one of the few dispatchable renewable technologies able to generate renewable electricity on demand. Today (2018) CSP contributes only 5TWh to the European power generation, but it has the potential to become one of the key pillars for European decarbonization pathways. In this paper we investigate how factors and pivotal policy decisions leading to different futures and associated CSP deployment in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step we characterize the scenarios with their associated system cost and the costs of support policies. We show that the role of CSP in Europe critically depends on political developments and the success or failure of policies outside renewable power. In particular, the uptake of CSP depends on the overall decarbonization ambition, the degree of cross border trade of renewable electricity and is enabled by the presence of strong grid interconnection between Southern and Norther European Member States as well as by future electricity demand growth. The presence of other baseload technologies, prominently nuclear power in France, reduce the role and need for CSP. Assuming favorable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modeled scenarios: contributing between 100TWh to 300TWh of electricity to a future European power system. This would require increasing the current European CSP fleet by a factor of 20 to 60 in the next 30 years. To achieve this financial support between € 0.4-2 billion per year into CSP would be needed, representing only a small share of overall support needs for power-system transformation. Cooperation of Member States could further help to reduce this cost.},
  language  = {en}
}