@article{BorckBrueckner2018,
  author    = {Borck, Rainald and Brueckner, Jan K.},
  title     = {Optimal energy taxation in cities},
  series = {Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists : JAERE},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists : JAERE},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  address   = {Chicago},
  issn      = {2333-5955},
  doi       = {10.1086/695614},
  pages     = {481 -- 516},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the first investigation of the effects of optimal energy taxation in an urban spatial setting, where emissions are produced both by residences and commuting. When levying an optimal direct tax on energy or carbon use is not feasible, the analysis shows that exactly the same adjustments in resource allocation can be generated by the combination of a land tax, a housing tax, and a commuting tax. We then analyze the effects of these taxes on urban spatial structure, showing that they reduce the extent of commuting and the level of housing consumption while increasing building heights, generating a more-compact city with a lower level of emissions per capita.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernHellebrandGoemmeletal.2012,
  author    = {Kern, J{\"u}rgen and Hellebrand, Hans J{\"u}rgen and G{\"o}mmel, Michael and Ammon, Christian and Berg, Werner},
  title     = {Effects of climatic factors and soil management on the methane flux in soils from annual and perennial energy crops},
  series = {Biology and fertility of soils},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Biology and fertility of soils},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0178-2762},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00374-011-0603-z},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Methane flux rates were measured on a loamy sand soil within perennial and annual energy crops in northeast Germany. The study was performed in closed chambers between 2003 and 2005 with four measurements per week. A mixed linear model including the fixed effects of year, rotation period, crop and fertilisation was applied to determine the influence of climatic factors and soil management on the CH4 flux. Soil water content and air temperature were added as co-variables. With the exception of air temperature, all fixed effects and the co-variable soil water content influenced the CH4 flux. The soil of annual crops consumed 6.1 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1), significantly more than the soil of perennial crops with 4.3 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1). It is suggested that soil water content plays the key role in CH4 flux between pedosphere and atmosphere. In the range of water contents between 5\% and 15\%, our model describes that a soil water content increase of 1\% induces a net emission of 0.375 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1). As the soil of the experimental field was well-drained and aerobic, it represented a net sink for CH4 throughout the study period.},
  language  = {en}
}