@article{BareitherScheffelMetz2017, author = {Bareither, Nils and Scheffel, Andre and Metz, Johannes}, title = {Distribution of polyploid plants in the common annual Brachypodium distachyon (s.l.) in Israel is not linearly correlated with aridity}, series = {Israel Journal of Plant Sciences}, volume = {64}, journal = {Israel Journal of Plant Sciences}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {0792-9978}, pages = {83 -- 92}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The ecological benefits of polyploidy are intensely debated. Some authors argue that plants with duplicated chromosome sets (polyploids) are more stress- resistant and superior colonizers and may thus outnumber their low ploidy conspecifics in more extreme habitats. Brachypodium distachyon (sensu lato), for example, a common annual grass in Israel and the entire Mediterranean basin, comprises three cytotypes of differing chromosome numbers that were recently proposed as distinct species. It was suggested that increased aridity increases the occurrence of its polyploid cytotype. Here, we tested at two spatial scales whether polyploid plants of B. distachyon s. l. are more frequently found in drier habitats in Israel. We collected a total of 430 specimens (i) along a largescale climatic gradient with 15 thoroughly selected sites (spanning 114- 954 mm annual rainfall), and (ii) from corresponding Northern (more mesic) and Southern (more arid) hill slopes to assess the micro- climatic difference between contrasting exposures. Cytotypes were then determined via flow cytometry. Polyploid plants comprised 90\% of all specimens and their proportion ranged between 0\% and 100\% per site. However, this proportion was not correlated with aridity along the large- scale gradient, nor were polyploids more frequently found on Southern exposures. Our results show for both spatial scales that increasing aridity is not the principal driver for the distribution of polyploids in B. distachyon s. l. in Israel. Notably, though, diploid plants were restricted essentially to four intermediate sites, while polyploids dominated the most arid and the most mesic sites. This, to some degree, clustered pattern suggests that the distribution of cytotypes is not entirely random and calls for future studies to assess further potential drivers.}, language = {en} } @article{Ehrensperger2017, author = {Ehrensperger, Kathy}, title = {Narratives of Belonging}, series = {Early Christianity}, volume = {8}, journal = {Early Christianity}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, issn = {1868-7032}, doi = {10.1628/186870317X15017545210233}, pages = {373 -- 392}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die Darstellungen genealogischer Netzwerke waren in der Antike Ausdruck der Weltsicht ihrer Erz{\"a}hler, mit deren Hilfe N{\"a}he und Distanz zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen und V{\"o}lkern ausgedr{\"u}ckt und hergestellt werden konnte. Auch Paulus bedient sich genealogischer Argumente, um die Beziehung nicht-j{\"u}discher Christus-Gl{\"a}ubiger zu Israel und ihrem Gott zu verdeutlichen. Es handelt sich um eine ethnozentrische Argumentation, deren Fokus aber gleichzeitig eindeutig theozentrisch ist.}, language = {en} } @article{Krah2021, author = {Krah, Markus}, title = {Exporting Jewish Ideas from Germany (via Palestine) to America}, series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, journal = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, number = {27}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-520-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-53304}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-533049}, pages = {101 -- 115}, year = {2021}, abstract = {When he founded Schocken Books in 1945, department store magnate, philanthropist, and publisher Salman Schocken (1877-1959) called his new American publishing business an imitation of its German predecessor, which had functioned from 1931 until 1938. He intended it to replicate the success of the Berlin Schocken Verlag by spiritually fortifying a Jewish community uncertain in its identity. The new company reflected the transnational transfer of people, ideas, and texts between Germany, Palestine/Israel, and the United States. Its success and near-failure raise questions about transnationalism and American Jewish culture: Can a culture be imposed on a population which has its own organs and agencies of cultural production? Had American Jewish culture developed organically to the specific place where several million Jews found themselves and according to uniquely American cultural patterns? The answers suggest that the concepts of transnationalism and cultural transfer complement each other as tools to analyze American Jewry in its American and Jewish contexts.}, language = {en} } @article{Schmidt2021, author = {Schmidt, Imanuel Clemens}, title = {A Secular Tradition}, series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, journal = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, number = {27}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-520-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-53286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532868}, pages = {85 -- 100}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article focuses on the social philosopher Horace Kallen and the revisions he made to the concept of cultural pluralism that he first developed in the early 20th century, applying it to postwar America and the young State of Israel. It shows how he opposed the assumption that the United States' social order was based on a "Judeo-Christian tradition." By constructing pluralism as a civil religion and carving out space for secular self-understandings in midcentury America, Kallen attempted to preserve the integrity of his earlier political visions, developed during World War I, of pluralist societies in the United States and Palestine within an internationalist global order. While his perspective on the State of Israel was largely shaped by his American experiences, he revised his approach to politically functionalizing religious traditions as he tested his American understanding of a secular, pluralist society against the political theology effective in the State of Israel. The trajectory of Kallen's thought points to fundamental questions about the compatibility of American and Israeli understandings of religion's function in society and its relation to political belonging, especially in light of their transnational connection through American Jewish support for the recently established state.}, language = {en} } @misc{BareitherScheffelMetz2017, author = {Bareither, Nils and Scheffel, Andr{\´e} and Metz, Johannes}, title = {Distribution of polyploid plants in the common annual Brachypodium distachyon (s.l.) in Israel is not linearly correlated with aridity}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395293}, pages = {10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The ecological benefits of polyploidy are intensely debated. Some authors argue that plants with duplicated chromosome sets (polyploids) are more stress-resistant and superior colonizers and may thus outnumber their low ploidy conspecifics in more extreme habitats. Brachypodium distachyon (sensu lato), for example, a common annual grass in Israel and the entire Mediterranean basin, comprises three cytotypes of differing chromosome numbers that were recently proposed as distinct species. It was suggested that increased aridity increases the occurrence of its polyploid cytotype. Here, we tested at two spatial scales whether polyploid plants of B. distachyon s.l. are more frequently found in drier habitats in Israel. We collected a total of 430 specimens (i) along a largescale climatic gradient with 15 thoroughly selected sites (spanning 114-954 mm annual rainfall), and (ii) from corresponding Northern (more mesic) and Southern (more arid) hill slopes to assess the micro-climatic difference between contrasting exposures. Cytotypes were then determined via flow cytometry. Polyploid plants comprised 90\% of all specimens and their proportion ranged between 0\% and 100\% per site. However, this proportion was not correlated with aridity along the large-scale gradient, nor were polyploids more frequently found on Southern exposures. Our results show for both spatial scales that increasing aridity is not the principal driver for the distribution of polyploids in B. distachyon s.l. in Israel. Notably, though, diploid plants were restricted essentially to four intermediate sites, while polyploids dominated the most arid and the most mesic sites. This, to some degree, clustered pattern suggests that the distribution of cytotypes is not entirely random and calls for future studies to assess further potential drivers.}, language = {en} } @article{MischkeAshkenaziAlmogiLabinetal.2014, author = {Mischke, Steffen and Ashkenazi, Shoshana and Almogi-Labin, Ahuva and Goren-Inbar, Naama}, title = {Ostracod evidence for the Acheulian environment of the ancient Hula Lake (Levant) during the early-mid Pleistocene transition}, series = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences}, volume = {412}, journal = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0031-0182}, doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.036}, pages = {148 -- 159}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Ostracod shells from the archaeological site Gesher BenotYa'aqov (GBY) in the upper Jordan River Valley (Israel) were investigated to improve the understanding of the environmental conditions of the Acheulian occupation site during the early-mid Pleistocene transition (0.78 Ma). The diverse ostracod assemblage consists of 28 species. The distribution of most of the recorded species in the region today shows that the hydrological conditions at the early-mid Pleistocene transition were not fundamentally different from the modern ones. However, the predominance of Candona neglecta shells in the GBY sequence probably indicates cooler climatic conditions than today. Shells of Candona angulata in the artefact-richer upper half of the sequence suggest a slight salinity increase in the ancient Hula Lake from pure freshwater to slightly oligohaline conditions. This shift probably resulted from wetter conditions and a more stable lake environment with increased residence time of the lake water and stronger influence of evaporation. Shells of the brackish water ostracod Cyprideis torosa and the slightly halophilic Heterocypris sauna and Plesiocypridopsis newtoni were recorded only rarely suggesting that the lake maintained an outlet through the entire period represented by the GBY sequence. Shells of Gomphocythere ortali in GBY cycles 1 and 2 imply that a permanent freshwater stream existed close to the site. Humphcypris subterranea shells in cycles 3-5 provide further evidence that a tributary entered the lake from the south in contrast to the modern setting with the north-south flowing Jordan River at GBY. Statistical analysis of the quantitative ostracod data from GBY identified a group of samples from layers containing more abundant stone artefacts and another group of samples from layers with scarce artefacts. Samples from layers containing more abundant artefacts have relatively high abundances of C. angulata, Darwinula stevensoni and Physocypria kraepelini shells and include rare shells of Ilyocypris hartmanni, Ilyocypris salebrosa, Heterocypris incongniens and Pseudocandona sp. 2 which do not occur in the other samples. The presence of P. kraepelini and H. incongruens shells in artefact-richer sediments possibly indicates poor bottom water oxygenation in the ancient Hula lake sometimes during the periods of Acheulian occupation. However, more detailed studies are required to assess whether lower dissolved oxygen levels in the lake resulted from a slight lake level rise and possibly higher nutrient flux to the lake during wetter conditions or whether hominins already impacted lake's nutrient status by butchering at its shore or by burning of near-shore vegetation. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{CzyżydłoDoedtmann2013, author = {Czyżydło, Klemens and D{\"o}dtmann, Eik}, title = {There Is No Return To Egypt}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag}, address = {Potsdam}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Wer sind die polnischen Juden, die in Folge der Antizionistischen Kampagne des Jahres 1968 ihr Heimatland verließen und nach Israel emigrierten? Wie blicken sie, 40 Jahre nach den traumatischen Erlebnissen, auf ihre eigene Geschichte zur{\"u}ck? Welche Entwicklungen machten sie in dem durch zahllose Kriege und innenpolitische Spannungen zerrissenen j{\"u}dischen Staat? Wie leben sie im Israel des beginnenden 21. Jahrhunderts? Der Dokumentarfilm There Is No Return To Egypt stellt sieben Vertreter der polnisch- j{\"u}dischen Migrationskohorte der ausgehenden 1960er, fr{\"u}hen 1970er Jahre und deren heutiges Umfeld vor. Die Menschen, zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahmen zwischen Mitte 50 und Ende 70 Jahre alt, erlauben dem Filmteam dabei einen intimen Einblick in ihr israelisch-polnisches Alltagsleben und in ihre Erinnerungswelt. Die {\"a}lteren Interviewpartnerinnen ziehen aus den Gr{\"a}ueln der selbst noch durchlittenen Schoah und der gut 20 Jahre sp{\"a}teren, erzwungenen Migration aus Polen ihre ganze eigenen Schl{\"u}sse f{\"u}r ihr Leben in Israel. Die j{\"u}ngeren Interviewten gehen wiederum sehr unterschiedlich mit dem Verlust der Heimat und dem Bruch ihrer Erwerbsbiographie im Zuge der Antizionistischen Kampagne um. Die im Film vorgestellten Pers{\"o}nlichkeiten reichen vom erfolgreichen Musiker, {\"u}ber eine ehemalige Mitarbeiterin des israelischen Fernsehens bis hin zu einfachen Facharbeitern. Auch die religi{\"o}sen Identit{\"a}ten der Protagonisten sind vielschichtig: von orthodox-nationalreligi{\"o}s, {\"u}ber atheistisch bis hin zu judeo-christlich.}, language = {en} } @misc{Koechy2006, author = {K{\"o}chy, Martin}, title = {Opposite trends in life stages of annual plants caused by daily rainfall variability}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14699}, pages = {347 -- 357}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Global Circulation Models of climate predict not only a change of annual precipitation amounts but also a shift in the daily distribution. To improve the understanding of the importance of daily rain pattern for annual plant communities, which represent a large portion of semi-natural vegetation in the Middle East, I used a detailed, spatially explicit model. The model explicitly considers water storage in the soil and has been parameterized and validated with data collected in field experiments in Israel and data from the literature. I manipulated daily rainfall variability by increasing the mean daily rain intensity on rainy days (MDI, rain volume/day) and decreasing intervals between rainy days while keeping the mean annual amount constant. In factorial combination, I also increased mean annual precipitation (MAP). I considered five climatic regions characterized by 100, 300, 450, 600, and 800 mm MAP. Increasing MDI decreased establishment when MAP was >250 mm but increased establishment at more arid sites. The negative effect of increasing MDI was compensated by increasing mortality with increasing MDI in dry and typical Mediterranean regions (c. 360-720 mm MAP). These effects were strongly tied to water availability in upper and lower soil layers and modified by competition among seedlings and adults. Increasing MAP generally increased water availability, establishment, and density. The order of magnitudes of MDI and MAP effects overlapped partially so that their combined effect is important for projections of climate change effects on annual vegetation. The effect size of MAP and MDI followed a sigmoid curve along the MAP gradient indicating that the semi-arid region (≈300 mm MAP) is the most sensitive to precipitation change with regard to annual communitie}, subject = {Klima{\"a}nderung}, language = {en} } @misc{Koechy2006, author = {K{\"o}chy, Martin}, title = {Stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13155}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This contribution describes a generator of stochastic time series of daily precipitation for the interior of Israel from c. 90 to 900 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP) as a tool for studies of daily rain variability. The probability of rainfall on a given day of the year is described by a regular Gaussian peak curve function. The amount of rain is drawn randomly from an exponential distribution whose mean is the daily mean rain amount (averaged across years for each day of the year) described by a flattened Gaussian peak curve. Parameters for the curves have been calculated from monthly aggregated, long-term rain records from seven meteorological stations. Parameters for arbitrary points on the MAP gradient are calculated from a regression equation with MAP as the only independent variable. The simple structure of the generator allows it to produce time series with daily rain patterns that are projected under climate change scenarios and simultaneously control MAP. Increasing within-year variability of daily precipitation amounts also increases among-year variability of MAP as predicted by global circulation models. Thus, the time series incorporate important characteristics for climate change research and represent a flexible tool for simulations of daily vegetation or surface hydrology dynamics.}, language = {en} }