@misc{TangGladyshevDubovskayaetal.2014,
  author    = {Tang, Kam W. and Gladyshev, Michail I. and Dubovskaya, Olgo P. and Kirillin, Georgiy and Grossart, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality in freshwater and inland sea environments},
  series = {Journal of plankton research},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Journal of plankton research},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0142-7873},
  doi       = {10.1093/plankt/fbu014},
  pages     = {597 -- 612},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to an increase in microbial production and a shift in microbial composition in the water column. Alternatively, sinking carcasses may contribute significantly to vertical carbon flux especially outside the phytoplankton growth seasons, and become a food source for the benthos. Global climate change is already altering freshwater ecosystems on multiple levels, and likely will have significant positive or negative effects on zooplankton non-predatory mortality. Better spatial and temporal studies of zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality rates will improve our understanding of this important but under-appreciated topic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BertilssonBurginCareyetal.2013,
  author    = {Bertilsson, Stefan and Burgin, Amy and Carey, Cayelan C. and Fey, Samuel B. and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Grubisic, Lorena M. and Jones, Ian D. and Kirillin, Georgiy and Lennon, Jay T. and Shade, Ashley and Smyth, Robyn L.},
  title     = {The under-ice microbiome of seasonally frozen lakes},
  series = {Limnology and oceanography},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Limnology and oceanography},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Waco},
  issn      = {0024-3590},
  doi       = {10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1998},
  pages     = {1998 -- 2012},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Compared to the well-studied open water of the "growing" season, under-ice conditions in lakes are characterized by low and rather constant temperature, slow water movements, limited light availability, and reduced exchange with the surrounding landscape. These conditions interact with ice-cover duration to shape microbial processes in temperate lakes and ultimately influence the phenology of community and ecosystem processes. We review the current knowledge on microorganisms in seasonally frozen lakes. Specifically, we highlight how under-ice conditions alter lake physics and the ways that this can affect the distribution and metabolism of auto-and heterotrophic microorganisms. We identify functional traits that we hypothesize are important for understanding under-ice dynamics and discuss how these traits influence species interactions. As ice coverage duration has already been seen to reduce as air temperatures have warmed, the dynamics of the under-ice microbiome are important for understanding and predicting the dynamics and functioning of seasonally frozen lakes in the near future.},
  language  = {en}
}