@misc{NowakRussoSchlapbachetal.2015,
  author    = {Nowak, Michael D. and Russo, Giancarlo and Schlapbach, Ralph and Huu, Cuong Nguyen and Lenhard, Michael and Conti, Elena},
  title     = {The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {879},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43508},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435088},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model system in the study of the genetics, evolution, and ecology of heterostylous floral polymorphisms. Despite the long history of research focused on this and related species, the continued development of this system has been restricted due the absence of genomic and transcriptomic resources. Results We present here a de novo draft genome assembly of P. veris covering 301.8 Mb, or approximately 63\% of the estimated 479.22 Mb genome, with an N50 contig size of 9.5 Kb, an N50 scaffold size of 164 Kb, and containing an estimated 19,507 genes. The results of a RADseq bulk segregant analysis allow for the confident identification of four genome scaffolds that are linked to the P. veris S-locus. RNAseq data from both P. veris and the closely related species P. vulgaris allow for the characterization of 113 candidate heterostyly genes that show significant floral morph-specific differential expression. One candidate gene of particular interest is a duplicated GLOBOSA homolog that may be unique to Primula (PveGLO2), and is completely silenced in L-morph flowers. Conclusions The P. veris genome represents the first genome assembled from a heterostylous species, and thus provides an immensely important resource for future studies focused on the evolution and genetic dissection of heterostyly. As the first genome assembled from the Primulaceae, the P. veris genome will also facilitate the expanded application of phylogenomic methods in this diverse family and the eudicots as a whole.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CuiLvChenetal.2015,
  author    = {Cui, Xiao and Lv, Yang and Chen, Miaolin and Nikoloski, Zoran and Twell, David and Zhang, Dabing},
  title     = {Young Genes out of the Male: An Insight from Evolutionary Age Analysis of the Pollen Transcriptome},
  series = {Molecular plant},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Molecular plant},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Cell Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1674-2052},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.008},
  pages     = {935 -- 945},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The birth of new genes in genomes is an important evolutionary event. Several studies reveal that new genes in animals tend to be preferentially expressed in male reproductive tissues such as testis (Betran et al., 2002; Begun et al., 2007; Dubruille et al., 2012), and thus an "out of testis' hypothesis for the emergence of new genes has been proposed (Vinckenbosch et al., 2006; Kaessmann, 2010). However, such phenomena have not been examined in plant species. Here, by employing a phylostratigraphic method, we dated the origin of protein-coding genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and observed a number of young genes in both species. These young genes tend to encode short extracellular proteins, which may be involved in rapid evolving processes, such as reproductive barriers, species specification, and antimicrobial processes. Further analysis of transcriptome age indexes across different tissues revealed that male reproductive cells express a phylogenetically younger transcriptome than other plant tissues. Compared with sporophytic tissues, the young transcriptomes of the male gametophyte displayed greater complexity and diversity, which included a higher ratio of anti-sense and inter-genic transcripts, reflecting a pervasive transcription state that facilitated the emergence of new genes. Here, we propose that pollen may act as an "innovation incubator' for the birth of de novo genes. With cases of male-biased expression of young genes reported in animals, the "new genes out of the male' model revealed a common evolutionary force that drives reproductive barriers, species specification, and the upgrading of defensive mechanisms against pathogens.},
  language  = {en}
}