@article{JoussetReinschRybergetal.2018, author = {Jousset, Philippe and Reinsch, Thomas and Ryberg, Trond and Blanck, Hanna and Clarke, Andy and Aghayev, Rufat and Hersir, Gylfi P. and Henninges, Jan and Weber, Michael and Krawczyk, Charlotte M.}, title = {Dynamic strain determination using fibre-optic cables allows imaging of seismological and structural features}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04860-y}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Natural hazard prediction and efficient crust exploration require dense seismic observations both in time and space. Seismological techniques provide ground-motion data, whose accuracy depends on sensor characteristics and spatial distribution. Here we demonstrate that dynamic strain determination is possible with conventional fibre-optic cables deployed for telecommunication. Extending recently distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) studies, we present high resolution spatially un-aliased broadband strain data. We recorded seismic signals from natural and man-made sources with 4-m spacing along a 15-km-long fibre-optic cable layout on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW-Iceland. We identify with unprecedented resolution structural features such as normal faults and volcanic dykes in the Reykjanes Oblique Rift, allowing us to infer new dynamic fault processes. Conventional seismometer recordings, acquired simultaneously, validate the spectral amplitude DAS response between 0.1 and 100 Hz bandwidth. We suggest that the networks of fibre-optic telecommunication lines worldwide could be used as seismometers opening a new window for Earth hazard assessment and exploration.}, language = {en} } @article{MareljaLeimkuehlerMissirlis2018, author = {Marelja, Zvonimir and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Missirlis, Fanis}, title = {Iron sulfur and molybdenum cofactor enzymes regulate the drosophila life cycle by controlling cell metabolism}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2018.00050}, pages = {31}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) are present at enzyme sites, where the active metal facilitates electron transfer. Such enzyme systems are soluble in the mitochondrial matrix, cytosol and nucleus, or embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, but virtually absent from the cell secretory pathway. They are of ancient evolutionary origin supporting respiration, DNA replication, transcription, translation, the biosynthesis of steroids, heme, catabolism of purines, hydroxylation of xenobiotics, and cellular sulfur metabolism. Here, Fe-S cluster and Moco biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster is reviewed and the multiple biochemical and physiological functions of known Fe-S and Moco enzymes are described. We show that RNA interference of Mocs3 disrupts Moco biosynthesis and the circadian clock. Fe-S-dependent mitochondrial respiration is discussed in the context of germ line and somatic development, stem cell differentiation and aging. The subcellular compartmentalization of the Fe-S and Moco assembly machinery components and their connections to iron sensing mechanisms and intermediary metabolism are emphasized. A biochemically active Fe-S core complex of heterologously expressed fly Nfs1, Isd11, IscU, and human frataxin is presented. Based on the recent demonstration that copper displaces the Fe-S cluster of yeast and human ferredoxin, an explanation for why high dietary copper leads to cytoplasmic iron deficiency in flies is proposed. Another proposal that exosomes contribute to the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase from peripheral tissues to the eye pigment cells is put forward, where the Vps16a subunit of the HOPS complex may have a specialized role in concentrating this enzyme within pigment granules. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis that (i) mitochondrial superoxide mobilizes iron from the Fe-S clusters in aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase; (ii) increased iron transiently displaces manganese on superoxide dismutase, which may function as a mitochondrial iron sensor since it is inactivated by iron; (iii) with the Krebs cycle thus disrupted, citrate is exported to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis, while succinyl-CoA and the iron are used for heme biosynthesis; (iv) as iron is used for heme biosynthesis its concentration in the matrix drops allowing for manganese to reactivate superoxide dismutase and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis to reestablish the Krebs cycle.}, language = {en} } @article{NizardoSchanzenbachSchoenemannetal.2018, author = {Nizardo, Noverra M. and Schanzenbach, Dirk and Sch{\"o}nemann, Eric and Laschewsky, Andre}, title = {Exploring poly(ethylene glycol)-polyzwitterion diblock copolymers as biocompatible smart macrosurfactants featuring UCST-phase behavior in normal saline solution}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {10}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym10030325}, pages = {22}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Nonionic-zwitterionic diblock copolymers are designed to feature a coil-to-globule collapse transition with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in aqueous media, including physiological saline solution. The block copolymers that combine presumably highly biocompatible blocks are synthesized by chain extension of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macroinitiator via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of sulfobetaine and sulfabetaine methacrylates. Their thermoresponsive behavior is studied by variable temperature turbidimetry and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. While the polymers with polysulfobetaine blocks exhibit phase transitions in the physiologically interesting window of 30-50 degrees C only in pure aqueous solution, the polymers bearing polysulfabetaine blocks enabled phase transitions only in physiological saline solution. By copolymerizing a pair of structurally closely related sulfo-and sulfabetaine monomers, thermoresponsive behavior can be implemented in aqueous solutions of both low and high salinity. Surprisingly, the presence of the PEG blocks can affect the UCST-transitions of the polyzwitterions notably. In specific cases, this results in "schizophrenic" thermoresponsive behavior displaying simultaneously an UCST and an LCST (lower critical solution temperature) transition. Exploratory experiments on the UCST-transition triggered the encapsulation and release of various solvatochromic fluorescent dyes as model "cargos" failed, apparently due to the poor affinity even of charged organic compounds to the collapsed state of the polyzwitterions.}, language = {en} } @article{ReindlFinchSchaffenrothetal.2018, author = {Reindl, Nicole and Finch, Nicolle L. and Schaffenroth, Veronika and Barstow, Martin A. and Casewell, Sarah L. and Geier, Stephan Alfred and Bertolami Miller, Marcelo Miguel and Taubenberger, Stefan}, title = {Revealing the true nature of Hen 2-428}, series = {Galaxies}, volume = {6}, journal = {Galaxies}, number = {3}, issn = {2075-4434}, doi = {10.3390/galaxies6030088}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The nucleus of Hen 2-428 is a short orbital period (4.2 h) spectroscopic binary, whose status as potential supernovae type Ia progenitor has raised some controversy in the literature. We present preliminary results of a thorough analysis of this interesting system, which combines quantitative non-local thermodynamic (non-LTE) equilibrium spectral modelling, radial velocity analysis, multi-band light curve fitting, and state-of-the art stellar evolutionary calculations. Importantly, we find that the dynamical system mass that is derived by using all available He II lines does not exceed the Chandrasekhar mass limit. Furthermore, the individual masses of the two central stars are too small to lead to an SN Ia in case of a dynamical explosion during the merger process.}, language = {en} } @article{SchnitzlerPinzoneAutenriethetal.2018, author = {Schnitzler, Joseph G. and Pinzone, Marianna and Autenrieth, Marijke and van Neer, Abbo and IJsseldijk, Lonneke L. and Barber, Jonathan L. and Deaville, Rob and Jepson, Paul and Brownlow, Andrew and Schaffeld, Tobias and Thome, Jean-Pierre and Tiedemann, Ralph and Das, Krishna and Siebert, Ursula}, title = {Inter-individual differences in contamination profiles as tracer of social group association in stranded sperm whales}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-29186-z}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ecological and physiological factors lead to different contamination patterns in individual marine mammals. The objective of the present study was to assess whether variations in contamination profiles are indicative of social structures of young male sperm whales as they might reflect a variation in feeding preferences and/or in utilized feeding grounds. We used a total of 61 variables associated with organic compounds and trace element concentrations measured in muscle, liver, kidney and blubber gained from 24 sperm whales that stranded in the North Sea in January and February 2016. Combining contaminant and genetic data, there is evidence for at least two cohorts with different origin among these stranded sperm whales; one from the Canary Island region and one from the northern part of the Atlantic. While genetic data unravel relatedness and kinship, contamination data integrate over areas, where animals occured during their lifetime. Especially in long-lived animals with a large migratory potential, as sperm whales, contamination data may carry highly relevant information about aggregation through time and space.}, language = {en} } @article{NagelKirschbaumEngelmannetal.2018, author = {Nagel, Rebecca and Kirschbaum, Frank and Engelmann, Jacob and Hofmann, Volker and Pawelzik, Felix and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Male-mediated species recognition among African weakly electric fishes}, series = {Royal Society Open Science}, volume = {5}, journal = {Royal Society Open Science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {2054-5703}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.170443}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Effective communication among sympatric species is often instrumental for behavioural isolation, where the failure to successfully discriminate between potential mates could lead to less fit hybrid offspring. Discrimination between con- and heterospecifics tends to occur more often in the sex that invests more in offspring production, i.e. females, but males may also mediate reproductive isolation. In this study, we show that among two Campylomormyrus Africanweakly electric fish species, males preferentially associate with conspecific females during choice tests using live fish as stimuli, i.e. when all sensory modalities potentially used for communication were present. We then conducted playback experiments to determine whether the species-specific electric organ discharge (EOD) used for electrocommunication serves as the cue for this conspecific association preference. Interestingly, only C. compressirostris males associated significantly more with the conspecific EOD waveform when playback stimuli were provided, while no such association preference was observed in C. tamandua males. Given our results, the EOD appears to serve, in part, as a male-mediated pre-zygotic isolation mechanism among sympatric species. However, the failure of C. tamandua males to discriminate between con- and heterospecific playback discharges suggests that multiple modalities may be necessary for species recognition in some African weakly electric fish species.}, language = {en} } @article{StoesselStellmannWillingetal.2018, author = {Stoessel, Daniel and Stellmann, Jan-Patrick and Willing, Anne and Behrens, Birte and Rosenkranz, Sina C. and Hodecker, Sibylle C. and Stuerner, Klarissa H. and Reinhardt, Stefanie and Fleischer, Sabine and Deuschle, Christian and Maetzler, Walter and Berg, Daniela and Heesen, Christoph and Walther, Dirk and Schauer, Nicolas and Friese, Manuel A. and Pless, Ole}, title = {Metabolomic Profiles for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Stratification and Disease Course Monitoring}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2018.00226}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) shows a highly variable disease progression with poor prognosis and a characteristic accumulation of disabilities in patients. These hallmarks of PPMS make it difficult to diagnose and currently impossible to efficiently treat. This study aimed to identify plasma metabolite profiles that allow diagnosis of PPMS and its differentiation from the relapsing remitting subtype (RRMS), primary neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson's disease, PD), and healthy controls (HCs) and that significantly change during the disease course and could serve as surrogate markers of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated neurodegeneration over time. We applied untargeted high-resolution metabolomics to plasma samples to identify PPMS-specific signatures, validated our findings in independent sex- and age-matched PPMS and HC cohorts and built discriminatory models by partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). This signature was compared to sex- and age-matched RRMS patients, to patients with PD and HC. Finally, we investigated these metabolites in a longitudinal cohort of PPMS patients over a 24-month period. PLS-DA yielded predictive models for classification along with a set of 20 PPMS-specific informative metabolite markers. These metabolites suggest disease-specific alterations in glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid pathways. Notably, the glycerophospholipid LysoPC(20:0) significantly decreased during the observation period. These findings show potential for diagnosis and disease course monitoring, and might serve as biomarkers to assess treatment efficacy in future clinical trials for neuroprotective MS therapies.}, language = {en} } @article{IjiriInagakiKuboetal.2018, author = {Ijiri, Akira and Inagaki, Fumio and Kubo, Yusuke and Adhikari, Rishi Ram and Hattori, Shohei and Hoshino, Tatsuhiko and Imachi, Hiroyuki and Kawagucci, Shinsuke and Morono, Yuki and Ohtomo, Yoko and Ono, Shuhei and Sakai, Sanae and Takai, Ken and Toki, Tomohiro and Wang, David T. and Yoshinaga, Marcos Y. and Arnold, Gail L. and Ashi, Juichiro and Case, David H. and Feseker, Tomas and Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe and Ikegawa, Yojiro and Ikehara, Minoru and Kallmeyer, Jens and Kumagai, Hidenori and Lever, Mark Alexander and Morita, Sumito and Nakamura, Ko-ichi and Nakamura, Yuki and Nishizawa, Manabu and Orphan, Victoria J. and Roy, Hans and Schmidt, Frauke and Tani, Atsushi and Tanikawa, Wataru and Terada, Takeshi and Tomaru, Hitoshi and Tsuji, Takeshi and Tsunogai, Urumu and Yamaguchi, Yasuhiko T. and Yoshida, Naohiro}, title = {Deep-biosphere methane production stimulated by geofluids in the Nankai accretionary complex}, series = {Science Advances}, volume = {4}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2375-2548}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao4631}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{ChenGuentherGrosseetal.2018, author = {Chen, Jie and G{\"u}nther, Frank and Grosse, Guido and Liu, Lin and Lin, Hui}, title = {Sentinel-1 InSAR Measurements of Elevation Changes over Yedoma Uplands on Sobo-Sise Island, Lena Delta}, series = {Remote sensing}, volume = {10}, journal = {Remote sensing}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs10071152}, pages = {16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Yedoma-extremely ice-rich permafrost with massive ice wedges formed during the Late Pleistocene-is vulnerable to thawing and degradation under climate warming. Thawing of ice-rich Yedoma results in lowering of surface elevations. Quantitative knowledge about surface elevation changes helps us to understand the freeze-thaw processes of the active layer and the potential degradation of Yedoma deposits. In this study, we use C-band Sentinel-1 InSAR measurements to map the elevation changes over ice-rich Yedoma uplands on Sobo-Sise Island, Lena Delta with frequent revisit observations (as short as six or 12 days). We observe significant seasonal thaw subsidence during summer months and heterogeneous inter-annual elevation changes from 2016-17. We also observe interesting patterns of stronger seasonal thaw subsidence on elevated flat Yedoma uplands by comparing to the surrounding Yedoma slopes. Inter-annual analyses from 2016-17 suggest that our observed positive surface elevation changes are likely caused by the delayed progression of the thaw season in 2017, associated with mean annual air temperature fluctuations.}, language = {en} } @article{SchleglDittmerHoffmannetal.2018, author = {Schlegl, Sandra and Dittmer, Nina and Hoffmann, Svenja and Voderholzer, Ulrich}, title = {Self-reported quantity, compulsiveness and motives of exercise in patients with eating disorders and healthy controls}, series = {Journal of eating disorders}, volume = {6}, journal = {Journal of eating disorders}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {2050-2974}, doi = {10.1186/s40337-018-0202-6}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Compulsive exercise (CE) is a frequent symptom in patients with eating disorders (EDs). It includes, in addition to quantitatively excessive exercise behaviour, a driven aspect and specific motives of exercise. CE is generally associated with worse therapy outcomes. The aims of the study were to compare self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise as well as motives for exercise between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we wanted to explore predictors of compulsive exercise (CE) in each group. Methods: We investigated 335 female participants (n = 226 inpatients, n = 109 HC) and assessed self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test), motives for exercise (Exercise Motivations Inventory-2), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), obsessive-compulsiveness (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised), general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-2). Results: Both patients with AN and BN exercised significantly more hours per week and showed significantly higher CE than HC; no differences were found between patients with AN and BN. Patients with EDs and HC also partly varied in motives for exercise. Specific motives were enjoyment, challenge, recognition and weight management in patients with EDs in contrast to ill-health avoidance and affiliation in HC. Patients with AN and BN only differed in regard to exercise for appearance reasons in which patients with BN scored higher. The most relevant predictor of CE across groups was exercise for weight and shape reasons. Conclusions: Exercise behaviours and motives differ between patients with EDs and HC. CE was pronounced in both patients with AN and BN. Therefore, future research should focus not only on CE in patients with AN, but also on CE in patients with BN. Similarities in CE in patients with AN and BN support a transdiagnostic approach during the development of interventions specifically targeting CE in patients with EDs.}, language = {en} }