@article{SchuchStubbsMeyeretal.2019,
  author    = {Schuch, Felipe B. and Stubbs, Brendon and Meyer, Jacob and Heissel, Andreas and Zech, Philipp and Vancampfort, Davy and Rosenbaum, Simon and Deenik, Jeroen and Firth, Joseph and Ward, Philip B. and Carvalho, Andre F. and Hiles, Sarah A.},
  title     = {Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies},
  series = {Depression and anxiety},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Depression and anxiety},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1091-4269},
  doi       = {10.1002/da.22915},
  pages     = {846 -- 858},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow-up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1\%) followed for 357,424 person-years, people with high self-reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95\% confidence level [95\% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self-reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95\% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95\% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95\% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95\% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self-reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ParfentevaGrothScheffleretal.2019,
  author    = {Parfenteva, Olga and Groth, Detlef and Scheffler, Christiane and Zaharova, Maria F.},
  title     = {Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943},
  pages     = {401 -- 408},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HermanussenSchefflerGrothetal.2019,
  author    = {Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane and Groth, Detlef and Bogin, Barry},
  title     = {Student work on trends in infant and child growth},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger : Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger : Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/1052},
  pages     = {363 -- 364},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeisselPietrekRappetal.2019,
  author    = {Heissel, Andreas and Pietrek, Anou F. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Heinzel, Stephan and Williams, Geoffrey},
  title     = {Perceived health care climate of older people attending an exercise program},
  series = {Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.},
  address   = {Champaign},
  issn      = {1063-8652},
  doi       = {10.1123/japa.2018-0350},
  pages     = {276 -- 286},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The role of perceived need support from exercise professionals in improving mental health was examined in a sample of older adults, thereby validating the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire. A total of 491 older people (M = 72.68 years; SD = 5.47) attending a health exercise program participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (alpha = .90). Satisfaction with the exercise professional correlated moderately with the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire mean value (r = .38; p < .01). The mediator analyses yielded support for the self-determination theory process model in older adults by showing both basic need satisfaction and frustration as mediating variables between perceived autonomy support and depressive symptoms. The short Health Care Climate Questionnaire is an economical instrument for assessing basic need satisfaction provided by the exercise therapist from the participant's perspective. Furthermore, this cross-sectional study supported the link from coaching style to the satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, which in turn, predicted mental health. Analyses of criterion validity suggest a revision of the construct by integrating need frustration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DietrichJacobsZhengetal.2019,
  author    = {Dietrich, Stefan and Jacobs, Simone and Zheng, Ju-Sheng and Meidtner, Karina and Schwingshackl, Lukas and Schulze, Matthias Bernd},
  title     = {Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes},
  series = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1467-7881},
  doi       = {10.1111/obr.12921},
  pages     = {1557 -- 1571},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPAR gamma, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPAR gamma, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNF alpha, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations.},
  language  = {en}
}