@incollection{ThimGrumSchueffleretal.2021,
  author    = {Thim, Christof and Grum, Marcus and Sch{\"u}ffler, Arnulf and Roling, Wiebke and Kluge, Annette and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {A concept for a distributed Interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS},
  series = {Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  booktitle = {Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  editor    = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-90699-3},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_35},
  pages     = {314 -- 321},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As AI technology is increasingly used in production systems, different approaches have emerged from highly decentralized small-scale AI at the edge level to centralized, cloud-based services used for higher-order optimizations. Each direction has disadvantages ranging from the lack of computational power at the edge level to the reliance on stable network connections with the centralized approach. Thus, a hybrid approach with centralized and decentralized components that possess specific abilities and interact is preferred. However, the distribution of AI capabilities leads to problems in self-adapting learning systems, as knowledgebases can diverge when no central coordination is present. Edge components will specialize in distinctive patterns (overlearn), which hampers their adaptability for different cases. Therefore, this paper aims to present a concept for a distributed interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS. The approach is based on various AI components and concepts for each participating node. A service-oriented infrastructure allows a decentralized, loosely coupled architecture of the CPPS. By exchanging knowledge bases between nodes, the overall system should become more adaptive, as each node can "forget" their present specialization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LassGronau2020,
  author    = {Lass, Sander and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {A factory operating system for extending existing factories to Industry 4.0},
  series = {Computers in industry : an international, application oriented research journal},
  volume    = {115},
  journal   = {Computers in industry : an international, application oriented research journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0166-3615},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.compind.2019.103128},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have shaped the discussion about Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for some time. To ensure the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises the vision for the future figures out cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) as a core component of a modern factory. Adaptability and coping with complexity are (among others) potentials of this new generation of production management. The successful transformation of this theoretical construct into practical implementation can only take place with regard to the conditions characterizing the context of a factory. The subject of this contribution is a concept that takes up the brownfield character and describes a solution for extending existing (legacy) systems with CPS capabilities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GrumGronau2018,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Process modeling within augmented reality},
  series = {Business Modeling and Software Design, BMSD 2018},
  volume    = {319},
  journal   = {Business Modeling and Software Design, BMSD 2018},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-94214-8},
  issn      = {1865-1348},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-94214-8_7},
  pages     = {99 -- 115},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The collaboration during the modeling process is uncomfortable and characterized by various limitations. Faced with the successful transfer of first process modeling languages to the augmented world, non-transparent processes can be visualized in a more comprehensive way. With the aim to rise comfortability, speed, accuracy and manifoldness of real world process augmentations, a framework for the bidirectional interplay of the common process modeling world and the augmented world has been designed as morphologic box. Its demonstration proves the working of drawn AR integrations. Identified dimensions were derived from (1) a designed knowledge construction axiom, (2) a designed meta-model, (3) designed use cases and (4) designed directional interplay modes. Through a workshop-based survey, the so far best AR modeling configuration is identified, which can serve for benchmarks and implementations.},
  language  = {en}
}