@article{StieglerPahlGuillenetal.2023, author = {Stiegler, Jonas and Pahl, Janice and Guillen, Rafael Arce and Ullmann, Wiebke and Blaum, Niels}, title = {The heat is on}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2023.1193861}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Climate conditions severely impact the activity and, consequently, the fitness of wildlife species across the globe. Wildlife can respond to new climatic conditions, but the pace of human-induced change limits opportunities for adaptation or migration. Thus, how these changes affect behavior, movement patterns, and activity levels remains unclear. In this study, we investigate how extreme weather conditions affect the activity of European hares (Lepus europaeus) during their peak reproduction period. When hares must additionally invest energy in mating, prevailing against competitors, or lactating, we investigated their sensitivities to rising temperatures, wind speed, and humidity. To quantify their activity, we used the overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) calculated from tri-axial acceleration measurements of 33 GPS-collared hares. Our analysis revealed that temperature, humidity, and wind speed are important in explaining changes in activity, with a strong response for high temperatures above 25 \& DEG;C and the highest change in activity during temperature extremes of over 35 \& DEG;C during their inactive period. Further, we found a non-linear relationship between temperature and activity and an interaction of activity changes between day and night. Activity increased at higher temperatures during the inactive period (day) and decreased during the active period (night). This decrease was strongest during hot tropical nights. At a stage of life when mammals such as hares must substantially invest in reproduction, the sensitivity of females to extreme temperatures was particularly pronounced. Similarly, both sexes increased their activity at high humidity levels during the day and low wind speeds, irrespective of the time of day, while the effect of humidity was stronger for males. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex relationships between extreme weather conditions and mammal behavior, critical for conservation and management. With ongoing climate change, extreme weather events such as heat waves and heavy rainfall are predicted to occur more often and last longer. These events will directly impact the fitness of hares and other wildlife species and hence the population dynamics of already declining populations across Europe.}, language = {en} } @article{DinevaPearsonIlyinetal.2022, author = {Dineva, Ekaterina Ivanova and Pearson, Jeniveve and Ilyin, Ilya and Verma, Meetu and Diercke, Andrea and Strassmeier, Klaus and Denker, Carsten}, title = {Characterization of chromospheric activity based on Sun-as-a-star spectral and disk-resolved activity indices}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {343}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.20223996}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The strong chromospheric absorption lines Ca ii H \& K are tightly connected to stellar surface magnetic fields. Only for the Sun, spectral activity indices can be related to evolving magnetic features on the solar disk. The Solar Disk-Integrated (SDI) telescope feeds the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument (PEPSI) of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) at Mt. Graham International Observatory, Arizona, U.S.A. We present high-resolution, high-fidelity spectra that were recorded on 184 \& 82 days in 2018 \& 2019 and derive the Ca ii H \& K emission ratio, that is, the S-index. In addition, we compile excess brightness and area indices based on full-disk Ca ii K-line-core filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain and full-disk ultraviolet (UV) 1600 angstrom images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Thus, Sun-as-a-star spectral indices are related to their counterparts derived from resolved images of the solar chromosphere. All indices display signatures of rotational modulation, even during the very low magnetic activity in the minimum of Solar Cycle 24. Bringing together different types of activity indices has the potential to join disparate chromospheric datasets yielding a comprehensive description of chromospheric activity across many solar cycles.}, language = {en} } @article{HawroPrzybylowiczSpindleretal.2021, author = {Hawro, Tomasz and Przybylowicz, Katarzyna and Spindler, Max and Hawro, Marlena and Steć, Michał and Altrichter, Sabine and Weller, Karsten and Magerl, Markus and Reidel, Ulrich and Alarbeed, Ezzat and Alraboni, Ola and Maurer, Marcus and Metz, Martin}, title = {The characteristics and impact of pruritus in adult dermatology patients}, series = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {84}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0190-9622}, doi = {10.1016/J.JAAD.2020.08.035}, pages = {691 -- 700}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Pruritus often accompanies chronic skin diseases, exerting considerable burden on many areas of patient functioning; this burden and the features of pruritus remain insufficiently characterized. Objective: To investigate characteristics, including localization patterns, and burden of pruritus in patients with chronic dermatoses. Methods: We recruited 800 patients with active chronic skin diseases. We assessed pruritus intensity, localization, and further characteristics. We used validated questionnaires to assess quality of life, work productivity and activity impairment, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Results: Nine out of every 10 patients had experienced pruritus throughout their disease and 73\% in the last 7 days. Pruritus often affected the entire body and was not restricted to skin lesions. Patients with moderate to severe pruritus reported significantly more impairment to their sleep quality and work productivity, and they were more depressed and anxious than control individuals and patients with mild or no pruritus. Suicidal ideations were highly prevalent in patients with chronic pruritus (18.5\%) and atopic dermatitis (11.8\%). Conclusions: Pruritus prevalence and intensity are very high across all dermatoses studied; intensity is linked to impairment in many areas of daily functioning. Effective treatment strategies are urgently required to treat pruritus and the underlying skin disease. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2021;84:691-700.)}, language = {en} } @article{GonzalezChavarriaDupratRoaetal.2020, author = {Gonzalez-Chavarria, Ivan and Duprat, Felix and Roa, Francisco J. and Jara, Nery and Toledo, Jorge R. and Miranda, Felipe and Becerra, Jose and Inostroza, Alejandro and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Heydenreich, Matthias and Paz, Cristian}, title = {Maytenus disticha extract and an isolated β-Dihydroagarofuran induce mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in human cancer cells by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species}, series = {Biomolecules}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biomolecules}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2218-273X}, doi = {10.3390/biom10030377}, pages = {15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Maytenus disticha (Hook F.), belonging to the Celastraceae family, is an evergreen shrub, native of the central southern mountains of Chile. Previous studies demonstrated that the total extract of M. disticha (MD) has an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity along with growth regulatory and insecticidal activities. beta-Dihydroagarofurans sesquiterpenes are the most active components in the plant. However, its activity in cancer has not been analyzed yet. Here, we demonstrate that MD has a cytotoxic activity on breast (MCF-7), lung (PC9), and prostate (C4-2B) human cancer cells with an IC50 (mu g/mL) of 40, 4.7, and 5 mu g/mL, respectively, an increasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and inducing a mitochondrial membrane depolarization. The beta-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpene (MD-6), dihydromyricetin (MD-9), and dihydromyricetin-3-O-beta-glucoside (MD-10) were isolated as the major compounds from MD extracts. From these compounds, only MD-6 showed cytotoxic activity on MCF-7, PC9, and C4-2B with an IC50 of 31.02, 17.58, and 42.19 mu M, respectively. Furthermore, the MD-6 increases cell ROS generation, and MD and MD-6 induce a mitochondrial superoxide generation and apoptosis on MCF-7, PC9, and C4-2B, which suggests that the cytotoxic effect of MD is mediated in part by the beta-dihydroagarofuran-type that induces apoptosis by a mitochondrial dysfunction.}, language = {en} } @article{FosterPoppenhaeger2022, author = {Foster, Grace and Poppenh{\"a}ger, Katja}, title = {Identifying interesting planetary systems for future X-ray observations}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {343}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1521-3994}, doi = {10.1002/asna.20220007}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {X-ray observations of star-planet systems are important to grow our understanding of exoplanets; these observations allow for studies of photoevaporation of the exoplanetary atmosphere, and in some cases even estimations of the size of the outer planetary atmosphere. The German-Russian eROSITA instrument onboard the SRG (Spectrum Roentgen Gamma) mission is performing the first all-sky X-ray survey since the 1990s, and provides X-ray fluxes and spectra of exoplanet host stars over a much larger volume than was accessible before. Using new eROSITA data as well as archival data from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and ROSAT, we estimate mass-loss rates of exoplanets under an energy-limited escape scenario and identify several exoplanets with strong X-ray irradiation and expected mass loss that are amenable to follow-up observations at other wavelengths. We model sample spectra using a toy model of an exoplanetary atmosphere to predict what exoplanet transit observations with future X-ray missions such as Athena will look like and estimate the observable X-ray transmission spectrum for a typical hot Jupiter-type exoplanet.}, language = {en} } @article{DammhahnLangeEccard2022, author = {Dammhahn, Melanie and Lange, Pauline and Eccard, Jana}, title = {The landscape of fear has individual layers}, series = {Oikos}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Oikos}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0030-1299}, doi = {10.1111/oik.09124}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Perceived predation risk varies in space and time creating a landscape of fear. This key feature of an animal's environment is classically studied as a species-specific property. However, individuals differ in how they solve the tradeoff between safety and reward and may, hence, differ consistently and predictively in perceived predation risk across landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we quantified among-individual differences in boldness and activity and exposed behaviourally phenotyped male bank voles Myodes glareolus individually to two different experimental landscapes of risks in large outdoor enclosures and provided resources as discrete food patches. We manipulated perceived predation risk via vegetation height between 2 and > 30 cm and quantified patch use indirectly via RFID-logging and giving-up densities. We statistically disentangled among-individual differences in microhabitat use from spatially varying perceived risk, i.e. landscape of fear. We found that individuals varied in mean vegetation height of their foraging microhabitats and that this microhabitat selection matched the intrinsic individual differences in perceived risk. As predicted by the patch use model, all individual's perceived higher risks when foraging in lower vegetation. However, individuals differed in their reaction norm slopes of perceived risk to vegetation height, and these differences in slopes were consistent across two different landscapes of risks and resources. We interpret these results as evidence for individual landscapes of fear, which could be predicted by among-individual differences in activity and boldness. Since perceived predation risk affects when and where to forage, among-individual differences in fear responses could act as a mode of intraspecific niche complementarity (i.e. individual niche specialization), help explain behavioural type by environment correlations, and will likely have cascading indirect effects on lower trophic levels.}, language = {en} } @article{VermaKummerowDenker2018, author = {Verma, Meetu and Kummerow, P. and Denker, Carsten}, title = {On the extent of the moat flow in axisymmetric sunspots}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {339}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.201813482}, pages = {268 -- 276}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Unipolar, axisymmetric sunspots are figuratively called "theoretician's sunspots" because their simplicity supposedly makes them more suitable for theoretical descriptions or numerical models. On November 18, 2013, a very large specimen (active region NOAA 11899) crossed the central meridian of the sun. The moat flow associated with this very large spot is quantitatively compared to that of a medium and a small sunspot to determine the extent of the moat flow in different environments. We employ continuum images and magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) as well as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images at λ160 nm of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), both on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), to measure horizontal proper motions with Local Correlation Tracking (LCT) and flux transport velocities with the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator (DAVE). We compute time-averaged flow maps (±6 hr around meridian passage) and radial averages of photometric, magnetic, and flow properties. Flow fields of a small- and a medium-sized axisymmetric sunspot provide the context for interpreting the results. All sunspots show outward moat flow and the advection of moving magnetic features (MMFs). However, the extent of the moat flow varies from spot to spot, and a correlation of flow properties with size is tenuous, if at all present. The moat flow is asymmetric and predominantly in the east-west direction, whereby deviations are related to the tilt angle of the sunspot group as well as to the topology and activity level of the trailing plage.}, language = {en} } @article{Poppenhaeger2019, author = {Poppenh{\"a}ger, Katja}, title = {How stars and planets interact}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {340}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.201913619}, pages = {329 -- 333}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The architecture of exoplanetary systems is often different from the solar system, with some exoplanets being in close orbits around their host stars and having orbital periods of only a few days. In analogy to interactions between stars in close binary systems, one may expect interactions between the star and the exoplanet as well. From theoretical considerations, effects on the host star through tidal and magnetic interaction with the exoplanet are possible; for the exoplanet, some interesting implications are the evaporation of the planetary atmosphere and potential effects on the planetary magnetism. In this review, several possible interaction pathways and their observational prospects and existing evidence are discussed. A particular emphasis is put on observational opportunities for these kinds of effects in the high-energy regime.}, language = {en} } @article{KowalskiGrimmHerdeetal.2019, author = {Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna and Grimm, Volker and Herde, Antje and Guenther, Anja and Eccard, Jana}, title = {Does Animal Personality Affect Movement in Habitat Corridors?}, series = {Animals}, volume = {9}, journal = {Animals}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-2615}, doi = {10.3390/ani9060291}, pages = {17}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Animal personality may affect an animal's mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.}, language = {en} }