@article{Kambo2022,
  author    = {Kambo, Kevin},
  title     = {Platonic Tripartition and the Peoples of Middle-Earth},
  series = {thersites 15},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {thersites 15},
  number    = {15},
  editor    = {Amb{\"u}hl, Annemarie and Carl{\`a}-Uhink, Filippo and Rollinger, Christian and Walde, Christine},
  issn      = {2364-7612},
  doi       = {10.34679/thersites.vol15.219},
  pages     = {90 -- 122},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings employ traditional races from fairy tales: elves, men and dwarves. These peoples are differentiated principally by their dominant desires, but also by their speech, diet, and realms. I argue that these three races are significantly inspired by the three aspects that characterize the Republic's tripartite soul—logistikon, thumoeides, and epithumetikon—along with their respective principal desires: desire for truth, greatness, and material goods. For Tolkien, therefore, these races have a corporate or political psychology that explains who they are as peoples in the history of Middle-earth. I offer a comprehensive view of the major races, connecting the dwarves with the appetitive artisans of the Republic, humans with the honour- and glory-seeking auxiliaries, and elves with the ruling guardians. This treatment explains the artisanal dwarves, as well as the battle-loving men (and women) of Rohan and Gondor, and the nostalgic, 'anamnetic' condition of exile that distinguishes the elves. Indeed, the condition of elves in many descriptions recalls a Platonic philosopher returned to the Cave, as well as the Neo-Platonic sagacity pictured in the biographies of Plotinus and Proclus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Gaertner2018,
  author    = {G{\"a}rtner, Ursula},
  title     = {nempe exemplis discimus},
  series = {Antike Erz{\"a}hl- und Deutungsmuster : Zwischen Exemplarit{\"a}t und Transformation},
  volume    = {374},
  journal   = {Antike Erz{\"a}hl- und Deutungsmuster : Zwischen Exemplarit{\"a}t und Transformation},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-061251-6},
  issn      = {1616-0452},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110612516-022},
  pages     = {455 -- 472},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {'Tradition' and 'example' are key concepts of the ancient fable. The fable has not only developed a literary tradition of its own, but from the beginning, it was also used as a rhetorical device, the exemplum. A diachronic overview of the genre and especially the use of the fable as exemplum reveals that Phaedrus adapts these terms in a new and ingenious way. In a case study of fable 3.9 this paper demonstrates how the fable finds its place in the literary tradition of the motif, how Socrates is presented as a model for the poet's persona and how an intricate network of inter- and intratextual references is established between Socrates, Aesop, Phaedrus, and his potential successors. The subtle irony of the poet is particularly evident in the gradual development of the poet's persona into a caricature, but the message of the fable itself remains unaffected: the value of true friendship.},
  language  = {en}
}