@article{LieseHeroldFeiletal.2021, author = {Liese, Andrea and Herold, Jana and Feil, Hauke and Busch, Per-Olof}, title = {The heart of bureaucratic power}, series = {Review of international studies : RIS}, volume = {47}, journal = {Review of international studies : RIS}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0260-2105}, doi = {10.1017/S026021052100005X}, pages = {353 -- 376}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Expert authority is regarded as the heart of international bureaucracies' power. To measure whether international bureaucracies' expert authority is indeed recognised and deferred to, we draw on novel data from a survey of a key audience: officials in the policy units of national ministries in 121 countries. Respondents were asked to what extent they recognised the expert authority of nine international bureaucracies in various thematic areas of agricultural and financial policy. The results show wide variance. To explain this variation, we test well-established assumptions on the sources of de facto expert authority. Specifically, we look at ministry officials' perceptions of these sources and, thus, focus on a less-studied aspect of the authority relationship. We examine the role of international bureaucracies' perceived impartiality, objectivity, global impact, and the role of knowledge asymmetries. Contrary to common assumptions, we find that de facto expert authority does not rest on impartiality perceptions, and that perceived objectivity plays the smallest role of all factors considered. We find some indications that knowledge asymmetries are associated with more expert authority. Still, and robust to various alternative specifications, the perception that international bureaucracies are effectively addressing global challenges is the most important factor.}, language = {en} } @article{BriniAbderrahmanClarketal.2021, author = {Brini, Seifeddine and Abderrahman, Abderraouf Ben and Clark, Cain C. T. and Zouita, Sghaeir and Hackney, Anthony C. and Govindasamy, Karuppasamy and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Sex-specific effects of small-sided games in basketball on psychometric and physiological markers during Ramadan intermittent fasting}, series = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {2052-1847}, doi = {10.1186/s13102-021-00285-1}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: We assessed the effects of gender, in association with a four-week small-sided games (SSGs) training program, during Ramadan intermitting fasting (RIF) on changes in psychometric and physiological markers in professional male and female basketball players. Methods: Twenty-four professional basketball players from the first Tunisian (Tunisia) division participated in this study. The players were dichotomized by sex (males [GM = 12]; females [GF = 12]). Both groups completed a 4 weeks SSGs training program with 3 sessions per week. Psychometric (e.g., quality of sleep, fatigue, stress, and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) and physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate frequency, blood lactate) were measured during the first week (baseline) and at the end of RIF (post-test). Results: Post hoc tests showed a significant increase in stress levels in both groups (GM [- 81.11\%; p < 0.001, d = 0.33, small]; GF [- 36,53\%; p = 0.001, d = 0.25, small]). Concerning physiological parameters, ANCOVA revealed significantly lower heart rates in favor of GM at post-test (1.70\%, d = 0.38, small, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our results showed that SSGs training at the end of the RIF negatively impacted psychometric parameters of male and female basketball players. It can be concluded that there are sex-mediated effects of training during RIF in basketball players, and this should be considered by researchers and practitioners when programing training during RIF.}, language = {en} } @article{LazaridesViljarantaAunolaetal.2018, author = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Viljaranta, Jaana and Aunola, Kaisa and Nurmi, Jari-Erik}, title = {Teacher ability evaluation and changes in elementary student profiles of motivation and performance in mathematics}, series = {Learning and individual differences}, volume = {67}, journal = {Learning and individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1041-6080}, doi = {10.1016/j.lindif.2018.08.010}, pages = {245 -- 258}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The aim of this person-centered study is to identify the profiles of interest value, self-concept, and performance in the domain of mathematics among elementary school students and to examine the stability and changes in these profiles from grade 1 to grade 2. Teacher-reported evaluations of students' mathematical ability and gender were examined as predictors of changes in the student profiles. The sample consisted of 237 students (46.8\% girls). The latent profile analysis identified four profiles: 1) low levels of interest value, medium levels of self-concept and performance; 2) low levels of interest value, self-concept and performance; 3) high levels of interest value, self-concept and performance; 4) low levels of self-concept and performance, and medium interest value. Boys and students whose teachers evaluated their abilities as high compared to others were less likely to change from profiles with high levels of interest value or self-concept to profiles with low levels of these factors.}, language = {en} } @article{GadelhaCoelhoXavieretal.2018, author = {Gad{\^e}lha, Andr{\´e} N. and Coelho, Victor Hugo R. and Xavier, Alexandre C. and Barbosa, Lu{\´i}s Romero and Melo, Davi C. D. and Xuan, Yunqing and Huffman, George J. and Petersen, Walt A. and Almeida, Cristiano das Neves}, title = {Grid box-level evaluation of IMERG over Brazil at various space and time scales}, series = {Atmospheric Research}, volume = {218}, journal = {Atmospheric Research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0169-8095}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.001}, pages = {231 -- 244}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission provide a new source of information with high spatiotemporal resolution that overcomes the limitations of ground-based rainfall information worldwide. This study evaluates the performance of the Integrated multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Final Run product over Brazil by means of multi-temporal and -spatial analyses. The assessment of the IMERG Final Run product is based on six statistics obtained for the period between January-December 2016 (daily, monthly, and annual basis). The analysis consisted of comparing the satellite-based estimates against a ground-based gridded rainfall product created using daily records from 4911 rain gauges distributed throughout Brazil. Overall, the results show that the IMERG product can effectively capture the spatial patterns of rainfall across Brazil. However, the IMERG product presents a slight tendency in overestimating the ground-based rainfall at all timescales. Furthermore, the performance of the satellite product varies throughout the region. The higher errors and biases are found in the North and Central-West regions, but the low density of rain gauges in those regions can be a source of large deviations between IMERG estimates and observations. A large underestimation of the IMERG data is evident along the coastal zone of the North-east region, probably due to the inability of the passive microwave and infrared sensors to detect warm-rain processes over land. This study shows that the IMERG product can be a good source of rainfall data to complement the ground precipitation measurements in most of Brazil, although some uncertainties are found and need to be further studied}, language = {en} } @article{PavillonTournyAabderrahmanetal.2020, author = {Pavillon, Thomas and Tourny, Claire and Aabderrahman, Abderraouf Ben and Salhi, Iyed and Zouita, Sghaeir and Rouissi, Mehdi and Hackney, Anthony C. and Granacher, Urs and Zouhal, Hassane}, title = {Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age}, series = {Journal of Exercise Science \& Fitness}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of Exercise Science \& Fitness}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {1728-869x}, doi = {10.1016/j.jesf.2020.10.003}, pages = {81 -- 90}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two different sprint-training regimes on sprint and jump performances according to age in elite young male soccer players over the course of one soccer season. Methods Players were randomly assigned to two training groups. Group 1 performed systematic change-of-direction sprints (CODST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 10]) while group 2 conducted systematic linear sprints (LST, U19 [n = 9], U17 [n = 9], U15 [n = 9]). Training volumes were similar between groups (40 sprints per week x 30 weeks = 1200 sprints per season). Pre and post training, all players performed tests for the assessment of linear and slalom sprint speed (5-m and 10-m), countermovement jump, and maximal aerobic speed performance. Results For all physical fitness measures, the baseline-adjusted means data (ANCOVA) across the age groups showed no significant differences between LST and CODST at post (0.061 < p < 0.995; 0.0017 < d < 1.01). The analyses of baseline-adjusted means for all physical fitness measures for U15, U17, and U19 (LST vs. CODST) revealed no significant differences between LST and CODST for U15 (0.213 < p < 0.917; 0.001 < d < 0.087), U17 (0.132 < p < 0.976; 0.001 < d < 0.310), and U19 (0.300 < p < 0.999; 0.001 < d < 0.049) at post. Conclusions The results from this study showed that both, LST and CODST induced significant changes in the sprint, lower limbs power, and aerobic performances in young elite soccer players. Since no significant differences were observed between LST and CODST, the observed changes are most likely due to training and/or maturation. Therefore, more research is needed to elucidate whether CODST, LST or a combination of both is beneficial for youth soccer athletes' performance development.}, language = {en} } @article{KearneyShemlavanKnippenbergetal.2019, author = {Kearney, Eric and Shemla, Meir and van Knippenberg, Daan and Scholz, Florian A.}, title = {A paradox perspective on the interactive effects of visionary and empowering leadership}, series = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes}, volume = {155}, journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0749-5978}, doi = {10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.01.001}, pages = {20 -- 30}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In a multi-source, lagged design field study of 197 leader-follower dyads, we test a model that predicts positive interactive effects of visionary and empowering leadership on follower performance. Based on the paradox perspective, we argue that visionary and empowering leadership are synergistic in that their combination enables leaders to address a key paradox inherent to leader behavior identified by Waldman and Bowen (2016): Maintaining control while simultaneously letting go of control. We argue that visionary leadership addresses the former and empowering leadership addresses the latter pole of this pair of opposites. Hence, in line with paradox thinking, we posit that leaders will engender more positive effects on follower performance when they enact visionary and empowering leadership behaviors simultaneously and adopt a "both-and" approach, rather than focus on one of these behaviors without the other. Our results support our hypothesized interactive effect of visionary and empowering leadership on goal clarity, as well as a conditional indirect effect such that goal clarity mediates the interactive effect of visionary and empowering leadership on individual follower performance.}, language = {en} } @article{AppiahDwomohMuellerMayer2018, author = {Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Reproducibility of Static and Dynamic Postural Control Measurement in Adolescent Athletes with Back Pain}, series = {Rehabilitation Research and Practice}, volume = {2018}, journal = {Rehabilitation Research and Practice}, publisher = {Hindawi}, address = {New York}, issn = {2090-2875}, doi = {10.1155/2018/8438350}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Static (one-legged stance) and dynamic (star excursion balance) postural control tests were performed by 14 adolescent athletes with and 17 without back pain to determine reproducibility. The total displacement, mediolateral and anterior-posterior displacements of the centre of pressure in mm for the static, and the normalized and composite reach distances for the dynamic tests were analysed. Intraclass correlation coefficients, 95\% confidence intervals, and a Bland-Altman analysis were calculated for reproducibility. Intraclass correlation coefficients for subjects with (0.54 to 0.65), (0.61 to 0.69) and without (0.45 to 0.49), (0.52 to 0.60) back pain were obtained on the static test for right and left legs, respectively. Likewise, (0.79 to 0.88), (0.75 to 0.93) for subjects with and (0.61 to 0.82), (0.60 to 0.85) for those without back pain were obtained on the dynamic test for the right and left legs, respectively. Systematic bias was not observed between test and retest of subjects on both static and dynamic tests. The one-legged stance and star excursion balance tests have fair to excellent reliabilities on measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. They can be used as measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumanBolzHirschfeldetal.2015, author = {Bauman, Spenser and Bolz, Carl Friedrich and Hirschfeld, Robert and Kirilichev, Vasily and Pape, Tobias and Siek, Jeremy G. and Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam}, title = {Pycket: A Tracing JIT for a Functional Language}, series = {ACM SIGPLAN notices}, volume = {50}, journal = {ACM SIGPLAN notices}, number = {9}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, issn = {0362-1340}, doi = {10.1145/2784731.2784740}, pages = {22 -- 34}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We present Pycket, a high-performance tracing JIT compiler for Racket. Pycket supports a wide variety of the sophisticated features in Racket such as contracts, continuations, classes, structures, dynamic binding, and more. On average, over a standard suite of benchmarks, Pycket outperforms existing compilers, both Racket's JIT and other highly-optimizing Scheme compilers. Further, Pycket provides much better performance for Racket proxies than existing systems, dramatically reducing the overhead of contracts and gradual typing. We validate this claim with performance evaluation on multiple existing benchmark suites. The Pycket implementation is of independent interest as an application of the RPython meta-tracing framework (originally created for PyPy), which automatically generates tracing JIT compilers from interpreters. Prior work on meta-tracing focuses on bytecode interpreters, whereas Pycket is a high-level interpreter based on the CEK abstract machine and operates directly on abstract syntax trees. Pycket supports proper tail calls and first-class continuations. In the setting of a functional language, where recursion and higher-order functions are more prevalent than explicit loops, the most significant performance challenge for a tracing JIT is identifying which control flows constitute a loop-we discuss two strategies for identifying loops and measure their impact.}, language = {en} } @article{Kowollik2016, author = {Kowollik, Eva}, title = {Schweigende Aufkl{\"a}rer und rollende K{\"o}pfe}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, volume = {1}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92550}, pages = {87 -- 99}, year = {2016}, language = {de} }