@misc{KrupkovaSmoldersWuertzKozaketal.2018,
  author    = {Krupkova, Olga and Smolders, Lucas and W{\"u}rtz-Kozak, Karin and Cook, James and Pozzi, Antonio},
  title     = {The pathobiology of the meniscus},
  series = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2297-1769},
  doi       = {10.3389/fvets.2018.00073},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Serious knee pain and related disability have an annual prevalence of approximately 25\% on those over the age of 55 years. As curative treatments for the common knee problems are not available to date, knee pathologies typically progress and often lead to osteoarthritis (OA). While the roles that the meniscus plays in knee biomechanics are well characterized, biological mechanisms underlying meniscus pathophysiology and roles in knee pain and OA progression are not fully clear. Experimental treatments for knee disorders that are successful in animal models often produce unsatisfactory results in humans due to species differences or the inability to fully replicate disease progression in experimental animals. The use of animals with spontaneous knee pathologies, such as dogs, can significantly help addressing this issue. As microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the canine and human menisci are similar, spontaneous meniscal pathologies in canine patients are thought to be highly relevant for translational medicine. However, it is not clear whether the biomolecular mechanisms of pain, degradation of extracellular matrix, and inflammatory responses are species dependent. The aims of this review are (1) to provide an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the human and canine meniscus, (2) to compare the known signaling pathways involved in spontaneous meniscus pathology between both species, and (3) to assess the relevance of dogs with spontaneous meniscal pathology as a translational model. Understanding these mechanisms in human and canine meniscus can help to advance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for painful knee disorders and improve clinical decision making.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSpringerWeinmanetal.2013,
  author    = {Krahe, Charlotte and Springer, Anne and Weinman, John A. and Fotopoulou, Aikaterini},
  title     = {The social modulation of pain - others as predictive signals of salience ; a systematic review},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  number    = {29},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2013.00386},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Several studies in cognitive neuroscience have investigated the cognitive and affective modulation of pain. By contrast, fewer studies have focused on the social modulation of pain, despite a plethora of relevant clinical findings. Here we present the first review of experimental studies addressing how interpersonal factors, such as the presence, behavior, and spatial proximity of an observer, modulate pain. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 26 studies on experimentally induced pain that manipulated different interpersonal variables and measured behavioral, physiological, and neural pain-related responses. We observed that the modulation of pain by interpersonal factors depended on (1) the degree to which the social partners were active or were perceived by the participants to possess possibility for action; (2) the degree to which participants could perceive the specific intentions of the social partners; (3) the type of pre-existing relationship between the social partner and the person in pain, and lastly, (4) individual differences in relating to others and coping styles. Based on these findings, we propose that the modulation of pain by social factors can be fruitfully understood in relation to a recent predictive coding model, the free energy framework, particularly as applied to interoception and social cognition. Specifically, we argue that interpersonal interactions during pain may function as social, predictive signals of contextual threat or safety and as such influence the salience of noxious stimuli. The perception of such interpersonal interactions may in turn depend on (a) prior beliefs about interpersonal relating and (b) the certainty or precision by which an interpersonal interaction may predict environmental threat or safety.},
  language  = {en}
}