@article{DuttaJonssonVasyuraBathke2021, author = {Dutta, Rishabh and J{\´o}nsson, Sigurj{\´o}n and Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes}, title = {Simultaneous Bayesian estimation of non-planar fault geometry and spatially-variable slip}, series = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union : Solid earth}, volume = {126}, journal = {JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union : Solid earth}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2020JB020441}, pages = {28}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Large earthquakes are usually modeled with simple planar fault surfaces or a combination of several planar fault segments. However, in general, earthquakes occur on faults that are non-planar and exhibit significant geometrical variations in both the along-strike and down-dip directions at all spatial scales. Mapping of surface fault ruptures and high-resolution geodetic observations are increasingly revealing complex fault geometries near the surface and accurate locations of aftershocks often indicate geometrical complexities at depth. With better geodetic data and observations of fault ruptures, more details of complex fault geometries can be estimated resulting in more realistic fault models of large earthquakes. To address this topic, we here parametrize non-planar fault geometries with a set of polynomial parameters that allow for both along-strike and down-dip variations in the fault geometry. Our methodology uses Bayesian inference to estimate the non-planar fault parameters from geodetic data, yielding an ensemble of plausible models that characterize the uncertainties of the non-planar fault geometry and the fault slip. The method is demonstrated using synthetic tests considering slip spatially distributed on a single continuous finite non-planar fault surface with varying dip and strike angles both in the down-dip and along-strike directions. The results show that fault-slip estimations can be biased when a simple planar fault geometry is assumed in presence of significant non-planar geometrical variations. Our method can help to model earthquake fault sources in a more realistic way and may be extended to include multiple non-planar fault segments or other geometrical fault complexities.}, language = {en} } @article{FrommStieglitzMirbabaie2024, author = {Fromm, Jennifer and Stieglitz, Stefan and Mirbabaie, Milad}, title = {Virtual reality in digital education}, series = {ACM SIGMIS database}, volume = {55}, journal = {ACM SIGMIS database}, number = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0095-0033}, doi = {10.1145/3663682.3663685}, pages = {14 -- 41}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Virtual reality promises high potential as an immersive, hands-on learning tool for training 21st-century skills. However, previous research revealed that the mere use of digital tools in higher education does not automatically translate into learning outcomes. Instead, information systems studies emphasized the importance of effective use behavior to achieve technology usage goals. Applying the affordance network approach, we investigated what constitutes effective usage behavior regarding a virtual reality collaboration system in digital education. Therefore, we conducted 18 interviews with students and observations of six course sessions. The results uncover how affordance actualization contributed to the achievement of learning goals. A comparison with findings of previous studies on other information systems (i.e., electronic medical record systems, big data analytics, fitness wearables) allowed us to highlight system-specific differences in effective use behavior. We also demonstrated a clear distinction between concepts surrounding effective use theory facilitating the application of the affordance network approach in information systems research.}, language = {en} } @article{GischRobertBerlinetal.2022, author = {Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra and Robert, Margaux and Berlin, Noemi and Nebout, Antoine and Etile, Fabrice and Teyssier, Sabrina and Andreeva, Valentina A. and Hercberg, Serge and Touvier, Mathilde and Peneau, Sandrine}, title = {Mastery is associated with weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study}, series = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-861X}, doi = {10.3389/fnut.2022.871669}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Mastery is a psychological resource that is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive having control over important circumstances of their lives. Although mastery has been associated with various physical and psychological health outcomes, studies assessing its relationship with weight status and dietary behavior are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in the NutriNet-Sante cohort study. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS) in 32,588 adults (77.45\% female), the mean age was 50.04 (14.53) years. Height and weight were self-reported. Overall diet quality and food group consumption were evaluated with >= 3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (range: 3-27). Snacking was assessed with an ad-hoc question. ED symptoms were assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and ED symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Females with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be underweight (OR: 0.88; 95\%CI: 0.84, 0.93), overweight [OR: 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)], or obese [class I: OR: 0.86 (0.82, 0.90); class II: OR: 0.76 (0.71, 0.82); class III: OR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)]. Males with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be obese [class III: OR: 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)]. Mastery was associated with better diet quality overall, a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, seafood, wholegrain foods, legumes, non-salted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages and with a lower consumption of meat and poultry, dairy products, sugary and fatty products, milk-based desserts, and sweetened beverages. Mastery was also associated with lower snacking frequency [OR: 0.89 (0.86, 0.91)] and less ED symptoms [OR: 0.73 (0.71, 0.75)]. As mastery was associated with favorable dietary behavior and weight status, targeting mastery might be a promising approach in promoting healthy behaviors.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtReilJeskeetal.2021, author = {Schmidt, Sabrina and Reil, Daniela and Jeske, Kathrin and Drewes, Stephan and Rosenfeld, Ulrike and Fischer, Stefan and Spierling, Nastasja G. and Labutin, Anton and Heckel, Gerald and Jacob, Jens and Ulrich, Rainer G. and Imholt, Christian}, title = {Spatial and temporal dynamics and molecular evolution of Tula orthohantavirus in German vole populations}, series = {Viruses / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {13}, journal = {Viruses / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1999-4915}, doi = {10.3390/v13061132}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is a rodent-borne hantavirus with broad geographical distribution in Europe. Its major reservoir is the common vole (Microtus arvalis), but TULV has also been detected in closely related vole species. Given the large distributional range and high amplitude population dynamics of common voles, this host-pathogen complex presents an ideal system to study the complex mechanisms of pathogen transmission in a wild rodent reservoir. We investigated the dynamics of TULV prevalence and the subsequent potential effects on the molecular evolution of TULV in common voles of the Central evolutionary lineage. Rodents were trapped for three years in four regions of Germany and samples were analyzed for the presence of TULV-reactive antibodies and TULV RNA with subsequent sequence determination. The results show that individual (sex) and population-level factors (abundance) of hosts were significant predictors of local TULV dynamics. At the large geographic scale, different phylogenetic TULV clades and an overall isolation-by-distance pattern in virus sequences were detected, while at the small scale (<4 km) this depended on the study area. In combination with an overall delayed density dependence, our results highlight that frequent, localized bottleneck events for the common vole and TULV do occur and can be offset by local recolonization dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{PetreskaSandevLenzi2021, author = {Petreska, Irina and Sandev, Trifce and Lenzi, Ervin Kaminski}, title = {Comb-like geometric constraints leading to emergence of the time-fractional Schr{\"o}dinger equation}, series = {Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics}, volume = {36}, journal = {Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics}, number = {14}, publisher = {World Scientific}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {0217-7323}, doi = {10.1142/S0217732321300056}, pages = {23}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper presents an overview over several examples, where the comb-like geometric constraints lead to emergence of the time-fractional Schrodinger equation. Motion of a quantum object on a comb structure is modeled by a suitable modification of the kinetic energy operator, obtained by insertion of the Dirac delta function in the Laplacian. First, we consider motion of a free particle on two- and three-dimensional comb structures, and then we extend the study to the interacting cases. A general form of a nonlocal term, which describes the interactions of the particle with the medium, is included in the Hamiltonian, and later on, the cases of constant and Dirac delta potentials are analyzed. At the end, we discuss the case of non-integer dimensions, considering separately the case of fractal dimension between one and two, and the case of fractal dimension between two and three. All these examples show that even though we are starting with the standard time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a comb, the time-fractional equation for the Green's functions appears, due to these specific geometric constraints.}, language = {en} } @article{CabalarFandinoFarinasdelCerro2021, author = {Cabalar, Pedro and Fandi{\~n}o, Jorge and Fari{\~n}as del Cerro, Luis}, title = {Splitting epistemic logic programs}, series = {Theory and practice of logic programming / publ. for the Association for Logic Programming}, volume = {21}, journal = {Theory and practice of logic programming / publ. for the Association for Logic Programming}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge [u.a.]}, issn = {1471-0684}, doi = {10.1017/S1471068420000058}, pages = {296 -- 316}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Epistemic logic programs constitute an extension of the stable model semantics to deal with new constructs called subjective literals. Informally speaking, a subjective literal allows checking whether some objective literal is true in all or some stable models. As it can be imagined, the associated semantics has proved to be non-trivial, since the truth of subjective literals may interfere with the set of stable models it is supposed to query. As a consequence, no clear agreement has been reached and different semantic proposals have been made in the literature. Unfortunately, comparison among these proposals has been limited to a study of their effect on individual examples, rather than identifying general properties to be checked. In this paper, we propose an extension of the well-known splitting property for logic programs to the epistemic case. We formally define when an arbitrary semantics satisfies the epistemic splitting property and examine some of the consequences that can be derived from that, including its relation to conformant planning and to epistemic constraints. Interestingly, we prove (through counterexamples) that most of the existing approaches fail to fulfill the epistemic splitting property, except the original semantics proposed by Gelfond 1991 and a recent proposal by the authors, called Founded Autoepistemic Equilibrium Logic.}, language = {en} } @article{BlankeKwiatekGoebeletal.2021, author = {Blanke, Aglaja and Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Goebel, Thomas H. W. and Bohnhoff, Marco and Dresen, Georg}, title = {Stress drop-magnitude dependence of acoustic emissions during laboratory stick-slip}, series = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, volume = {224}, journal = {Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaa524}, pages = {1372 -- 1381}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Earthquake source parameters such as seismic stress drop and corner frequency are observed to vary widely, leading to persistent discussion on potential scaling of stress drop and event size. Physical mechanisms that govern stress drop variations arc difficult to evaluate in nature and are more readily studied in controlled laboratory experiments. We perform two stick-slip experiments on fractured (rough) and cut (smooth) Westerly granite samples to explore fault roughness effects on acoustic emission (AE) source parameters. We separate large stick-slip events that generally saturate the seismic recording system from populations of smaller AE events which are sensitive to fault stresses prior to slip. AE event populations show many similarities to natural seismicity and may be interpreted as laboratory equivalent of natural microseismic events. We then compare the temporal evolution of mechanical data such as measured stress release during slip to temporal changes in stress drops derived from Alis using the spectral ratio technique. We report on two primary observations: (1) In contrast to most case studies for natural earthquakes, we observe a strong increase in seismic stress drop with AE size. (2) The scaling of stress drop with magnitude is governed by fault roughness, whereby the rough fault shows a more rapid increase of the stress drop magnitude relation with progressing large stick-slip events than the smooth fault. The overall range of AE sizes on the rough surface is influenced by both the average grain size and the width of the fault core. The magnitudes of the smallest AE events on smooth faults may also be governed by grain size. However, AEs significantly grow beyond peak roughness and the width of the fault core. Our laboratory tests highlight that source parameters vary substantially in the presence of fault zone heterogeneity (i.e. roughness and narrow grain size distribution), which may affect seismic energy partitioning and static stress drops of small and large AE events.}, language = {en} } @article{BelluardoScherzSantosetal.2022, author = {Belluardo, Francesco and Scherz, Mark D. and Santos, Barbara and Andreone, Franco and Antonelli, Alexandre and Glaw, Frank and Munoz-Pajares, A. Jesus and Randrianirina, Jasmin E. and Raselimanana, Achille P. and Vences, Miguel and Crottini, Angelica}, title = {Molecular taxonomic identification and species-level phylogeny of the narrow-mouthed frogs of the genus Rhombophryne (Anura: Microhylidae: Cophylinae) from Madagascar}, series = {Systematics and biodiversity}, volume = {20}, journal = {Systematics and biodiversity}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1477-2000}, doi = {10.1080/14772000.2022.2039320}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The study of diamond frogs (genus Rhombophryne, endemic to Madagascar) has been historically hampered by the paucity of available specimens, because of their low detectability in the field. Over the last 10 years, 13 new taxa have been described, and 20 named species are currently recognized. Nevertheless, undescribed diversity within the genus is probably large, calling for a revision of the taxonomic identification of published records and an update of the known distribution of each lineage. Here we generate DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of all specimens available to us, revise the genetic data from public databases, and report all deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages of Rhombophryne identifiable from these data. We also generate a multi-locus dataset (including five mitochondrial and eight nuclear markers; 9844 bp) to infer a species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for the diversification of this genus and revise the distribution of each lineage. We recognize a total of 10 candidate species, two of which are identified here for the first time. The genus Rhombophryne is here proposed to be divided into six main species groups, and phylogenetic relationships among some of them are not fully resolved. These frogs are primarily distributed in northern Madagascar, and most species are known from only few localities. A previous record of this genus from the Tsingy de Bemaraha (western Madagascar) is interpreted as probably due to a mislabelling and should not be considered further unless confirmed by new data. By generating this phylogenetic hypothesis and providing an updated distribution of each lineage, our findings will facilitate future species descriptions, pave the way for evolutionary studies, and provide valuable information for the urgent conservation of diamond frogs.}, language = {en} } @article{ChevalereLazaridesYunetal.2023, author = {Cheval{\`e}re, Johann and Lazarides, Rebecca and Yun, Hae Seon and Henke, Anja and Lazarides, Claudia and Pinkwart, Niels and Hafner, Verena V.}, title = {Do instructional strategies considering activity emotions reduce students' boredom in a computerized open-ended learning environment?}, series = {Computers and education}, volume = {196}, journal = {Computers and education}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1873-782X}, doi = {10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104741}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Providing students with efficient instruction tailored to their individual characteristics in the cognitive and affective domains is an important goal in research on computer-based learning. This is especially important when seeking to enhance students' learning experience, such as by counteracting boredom, a detrimental emotion for learning. However, studies comparing instructional strategies triggered by either cognitive or emotional characteristics are surprisingly scarce. In addition, little research has examined the impact of these types of instructional strategies on performance and boredom trajectories within a lesson. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of an intelligent tutoring system that adapted variable levels of hint details to a combination of students' dynamic, self-reported emotions and task performance (i.e., the experimental condition) to a traditional hint delivery approach consisting of a progressive, incremental supply of details following students' failures (i.e., the control condition). Linear mixed models of time-related changes in task performance and the intensity of boredom over two 1-h sessions showed that students (N = 104) in the two conditions exhibited equivalent progression in task performance and similar trajectories in boredom intensity. However, a consideration of students' achievement levels in the analyses (i.e., their final performance on the task) revealed that higher achievers in the experimental condition showed a reduction in boredom during the first session, suggesting possible benefits of using emotional information to increase the contingency of the hint delivery strategy and improve students' learning experience.}, language = {en} } @article{LazaridesChevalere2021, author = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Cheval{\`e}re, Johann}, title = {Artificial intelligence and education: Addressing the variability in learners' emotion and motivation with adaptive teaching assistants}, series = {Bildung und Erziehung}, volume = {74}, journal = {Bildung und Erziehung}, number = {3}, publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht}, issn = {0006-2456}, doi = {10.13109/buer.2021.74.3.264}, pages = {264 -- 279}, year = {2021}, abstract = {One of the main challenges of education in modern societies is to effectively address the variability of students in academic learning settings. Students vary in terms of their individual learning preconditions, such as achievement and preknowledge, but also motivation and emotion. Teachers, in turn, have limited resources to provide each learner with individually tailored instruction. This research overview reviews research on artificially intelligent teaching assistants and their role in providing adaptive learning opportunities in relation to learners' heterogeneous individual learning preconditions in the field of motivation and emotion.}, language = {en} }