@article{EichenbergBuetow2012,
  author    = {Eichenberg, Helga and B{\"u}tow, Sascha},
  title     = {Herzog macht Stadt},
  series = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  journal   = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  publisher = {Brandenburgische Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei, Verlagsgesellschaft Potsdam mbH},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-039489-8},
  pages     = {57 -- 64},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Buetow2012,
  author    = {B{\"u}tow, Sascha},
  title     = {Vom K{\"o}nig neu gestaltet - vom Magistrat treu verwaltet},
  series = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  journal   = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  publisher = {Brandenburgische Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei, Verlagsgesellschaft Potsdam mbH},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-039489-8},
  pages     = {33 -- 40},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Heimann2012,
  author    = {Heimann, Heinz-Dieter},
  title     = {Bilder machen Geschichte},
  series = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  journal   = {K{\"o}nig macht Stadt : Preußens und andere Einfl{\"u}sse auf der historischen Stadtkerne in Land Brandenburg},
  publisher = {Brandenburgische Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei, Verlagsgesellschaft Potsdam mbH},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-039489-8},
  pages     = {13 -- 19},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{ThinRoechertVoigtProskeetal.2012,
  author    = {Thin, Christof and R{\"o}chert-Voigt, Tanja and Proske, Niels and Heine, Moreen},
  title     = {Organisation des Schutzes der kritischen Infrastruktur Wasserversorgung},
  editor    = {Gronau, Norbert},
  publisher = {GITO},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-942183-78-9},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{GroebelStange2012,
  author    = {Gr{\"o}bel, Thomas and Stange, Irina},
  title     = {Die Geschichte des Standortes Potsdam-Golm 1935-1991},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-72648},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Ausstellung "Die Geschichte des Standortes Potsdam-Golm 1935 bis 1991" zeigt die wechselvolle Historie des jetzigen Universit{\"a}ts- und Wissenschaftsstandortes. Die Urspr{\"u}nge finden sich in der 1935 errichteten General-Wever-Kaserne. Nach der Beendigung des Zweiten Weltkrieges und bis zur Wende nutzten sowohl die sowjetische Armee als auch das Ministerium f{\"u}r Staatssicherheit das Gel{\"a}nde. Thematisiert werden unter anderem die milit{\"a}rische Zentralregion Brandenburg, die Herausbildung der Geheimdiensthochschule von 1951 bis 1990, die Lehre an dieser Einrichtung, das Studienleben und die Forschungst{\"a}tigkeit sowie die Nutzung des Standortes nach 1990. Die Ausstellung besteht aus 13 mit zahlreichen Fotos versehenen Tafeln.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Frank2012,
  author    = {Frank, Mario},
  title     = {Axiom relevance decision engine : technical report},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72128},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This document presents an axiom selection technique for classic first order theorem proving based on the relevance of axioms for the proof of a conjecture. It is based on unifiability of predicates and does not need statistical information like symbol frequency. The scope of the technique is the reduction of the set of axioms and the increase of the amount of provable conjectures in a given time. Since the technique generates a subset of the axiom set, it can be used as a preprocessor for automated theorem proving. This technical report describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of ARDE. The selection method, which is based on a breadth-first graph search by unifiability of predicates, is a weakened form of the connection calculus and uses specialised variants or unifiability to speed up the selection. The implementation of the concept is evaluated with comparison to the results of the world championship of theorem provers of the year 2012 (CASC J6). It is shown that both the theorem prover leanCoP which uses the connection calculus and E which uses equality reasoning, can benefit from the selection approach. Also, the evaluation shows that the concept is applyable for theorem proving problems with thousands of formulae and that the selection is independent from the calculus used by the theorem prover.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lohmann2012,
  author    = {Lohmann, Michael},
  title     = {Medienorientierung und innerparteiliche Machtk{\"a}mpfe : Gr{\"u}nde und Verl{\"a}ufe innerparteilicher Machtk{\"a}mpfe am Beispiel der unerwarteten Kampfkandidatur um den Parteivorsitz auf dem Mannheimer SPD-Parteitag 1995},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71245},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {{\"U}blicherweise vermeiden deutsche Parteien Kampfkandidaturen um den Vorsitz. Dennoch kam es auf dem Mannheimer SPD-Parteitag 1995 zu einer unerwarteten offenen Konkurrenz um das Spitzenamt. Das unbeabsichtigte Scheitern der Inszenierung der „Geschlossenheit" der Partei f{\"u}hrte zum Ausbruch der bis dahin unterdr{\"u}ckten K{\"a}mpfe um den Parteivorsitz. Der Mannheimer Parteitag steht exemplarisch f{\"u}r den Zusammenhang zwischen Inszenierung, Disziplin und den informellen Regeln innerparteilicher Machtkonstruktion. Am Beispiel dieses Parteitages zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit, wie umstrittenen Parteivorsitzenden sich gegen Widerst{\"a}nde im Amt behaupten k{\"o}nnen bzw. woran diese Strategie scheitern kann. Aus figurationstheoretischer Perspektive wird die Inszenierung als Notwendigkeit medienvermittelter Parteienkonkurrenz um W{\"a}hlerstimmen gefasst. Inszenierung erfordert Selbstdisziplin und das koordinierte Handeln der Parteimitglieder. Innerparteilich wird so wechselseitige Abh{\"a}ngigkeit erzeugt. Diese wird gesteigert durch die Medien-Konzentration auf wenige Spitzenpolitiker. Die Mehrheit der Mandatstr{\"a}ger und Funktion{\"a}re ist angewiesen auf das medienwirksame Auftreten der F{\"u}hrung. F{\"u}r den Medienerfolg braucht die F{\"u}hrung ihrerseits die Unterst{\"u}tzung der Mitglieder. Diese wechselseitige Abh{\"a}ngigkeit erzeugt sowohl typische Relevanzen als auch M{\"o}glichkeiten, die jeweils andere Interessengruppe unter Zugzwang zu setzen. Imageprobleme des Vorsitzenden sind als verletzte Erwartungen Anlass f{\"u}r innerparteiliche Machtk{\"a}mpfe, in denen die Parteif{\"u}hrung insbesondere die Inszenierung der „Geschlossenheit" nutzen kann, um offene Personaldiskussionen zu verhindern. Da Handlungsoptionen und -grenzen durch das Handeln der Akteure immer wieder neu geschaffen werden, besteht stets das Risiko des Scheiterns innerparteilicher Disziplinierung. Mit dem Nachvollzug von Disziplinierung und den Gr{\"u}nden ihrer Kontingenz versteht sich die vorliegende Arbeit als Beitrag zu einer Theorie informeller Machtregeln in Organisationen mit schwach ausgepr{\"a}gten Herrschaftsstrukturen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Inszenierung und Macht durch die Konzepte Theatralit{\"a}t und Figuration entwickelt. Im zweiten Teil werden typische Konstellationen der gegenw{\"a}rtigen parlamentarischen Demokratie auf typische beziehungsvermittelte Situationsdeutungen, Handlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und -grenzen untersucht. Im dritten Teil wird der kontingente Prozess des innerparteilichen Machtkampfes am Beispiel des Mannheimer Parteitages 1995 nachvollzogen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fricke2012,
  author    = {Fricke, Caroline},
  title     = {Politisch bedingte Konflikte von Jugendlichen im Bezirk Schwerin 1971 - 1989},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71090},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {„Alle Kinder m{\"u}ssen zu wertvollen Menschen erzogen werden", forderte Margot Honecker, Erziehungsminister der DDR von 1963 bis 1989. W{\"a}hrend liberale Jugendsoziologen die Jugendphase als Moratorium begreifen und damit Heranwachsenden Freir{\"a}ume zubilligen, geltende soziale Normen infrage zu stellen und selbstbestimmte Lebensentw{\"u}rfe zu erproben, ohne ihr Handeln in gleicher Weise verantworten zu m{\"u}ssen wie Erwachsene, wurden Jugendliche in der DDR danach beurteilt, inwieweit sie dem Ideal der „allseitig gebildeten sozialistischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeit" entsprachen. Nach Honeckers Ansicht w{\"a}re die freie Entfaltung des Individuums erst im Kommunismus m{\"o}glich. Individuelle Entfaltung besaß f{\"u}r sie keinen eigenen Wert. Der politische Erziehungsanspruch erstreckte sich grunds{\"a}tzlich auf alle Lebenswelten von Jugendlichen. Freir{\"a}ume zur Selbstentfaltung waren in der DDR sowohl materiell als auch ideell eng umgrenzt, ein Umstand den der bundesdeutsche Bildungssoziologe J{\"u}rgen Zinnecker als „Jugendmoratorium in kasernierter Form" bezeichnete. Dem politischen Anpassungsdruck waren Kinder und Jugendliche in besonders starkem Maße ausgesetzt. Zwar richtete sich der Erziehungsanspruch der SED grunds{\"a}tzlich auf alle B{\"u}rger, doch anders als Erwachsene hatten Kinder und Jugendliche noch keine eigenst{\"a}ndige Stellung innerhalb des sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Gef{\"u}ges gefunden und deshalb weniger M{\"o}glichkeiten, sich der politischen Einwirkung zu entziehen. Mit dem Jugendgesetz von 1974 wurde die sozialistische Pers{\"o}nlichkeit als Erziehungsziel festgelegt, dem auch die Eltern zu folgen hatten. Bildungschancen wurden schon fr{\"u}hzeitig von der Anpassung an vorgegebene Normen abh{\"a}ngig gemacht, abweichendes Verhalten konnte rigide bestraft werden und gravierende Folgen f{\"u}r den weiteren Lebensweg haben. Auch wenn die meisten Jugendlichen die Forderungen des Staates zu erf{\"u}llen schienen und ihre Verbundenheit mit der Politik der SED wann immer gefordert bezeugten, standen sie dieser Politik tats{\"a}chlich mindestens gleichg{\"u}ltig gegen{\"u}ber. Der „Widerspruch zwischen Wort und Tat" war eines der gravierenden Probleme der Herrschenden im Umgang mit Heranwachsenden. Es gab aber auch Jugendliche, die bewusst Einschr{\"a}nkungen in Kauf nahmen, um ihre Vorstellungen eines selbstbestimmten Lebens verwirklichen zu k{\"o}nnen. Schon bei geringf{\"u}giger Abweichung von ausdr{\"u}cklichen oder unausgesprochenen Vorgaben mussten sie mit erheblichen staatlichen Eingriffen in ihr pers{\"o}nliches Dasein rechnen. Die {\"a}ußerste Form der Abweichung waren Ausreiseersuchen und Fluchtversuche. Jugendliche waren unter Antragstellern und „Republikfl{\"u}chtigen" {\"u}berproportional vertreten. Die Dissertation beleuchtet das Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen staatlich vorgegebenen Lebenswegen und eigen-sinniger Gestaltung verschiedener Lebensbereiche von Kindern und Jugendlichen f{\"u}r die Jahre der Honecker-Herrschaft zwischen 1971 bis 1989 im Bezirk Schwerin.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Schad2012,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel},
  title     = {Mindless reading and eye movements : theory, experiments and computational modeling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70822},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {It sometimes happens that we finish reading a passage of text just to realize that we have no idea what we just read. During these episodes of mindless reading our mind is elsewhere yet the eyes still move across the text. The phenomenon of mindless reading is common and seems to be widely recognized in lay psychology. However, the scientific investigation of mindless reading has long been underdeveloped. Recent progress in research on mindless reading has been based on self-report measures and on treating it as an all-or-none phenomenon (dichotomy-hypothesis). Here, we introduce the levels-of-inattention hypothesis proposing that mindless reading is graded and occurs at different levels of cognitive processing. Moreover, we introduce two new behavioral paradigms to study mindless reading at different levels in the eye-tracking laboratory. First (Chapter 2), we introduce shuffled text reading as a paradigm to approximate states of weak mindless reading experimentally and compare it to reading of normal text. Results from statistical analyses of eye movements that subjects perform in this task qualitatively support the 'mindless' hypothesis that cognitive influences on eye movements are reduced and the 'foveal load' hypothesis that the response of the zoom lens of attention to local text difficulty is enhanced when reading shuffled text. We introduce and validate an advanced version of the SWIFT model (SWIFT 3) incorporating the zoom lens of attention (Chapter 3) and use it to explain eye movements during shuffled text reading. Simulations of the SWIFT 3 model provide fully quantitative support for the 'mindless' and the 'foveal load' hypothesis. They moreover demonstrate that the zoom lens is an important concept to explain eye movements across reading and mindless reading tasks. Second (Chapter 4), we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST) to catch episodes when external attention spontaneously lapses (i.e., attentional decoupling or mind wandering) via the overlooking of errors in the text and via signal detection analyses of error detection. Analyses of eye movements in the SAST revealed reduced influences from cognitive text processing during mindless reading. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict states of mindless reading from eye movement recordings online. That cognition is not always needed to move the eyes supports autonomous mechanisms for saccade initiation. Results from analyses of error detection and eye movements provide support to our levels-of-inattention hypothesis that errors at different levels of the text assess different levels of decoupling. Analyses of pupil size in the SAST (Chapter 5) provide further support to the levels of inattention hypothesis and to the decoupling hypothesis that off-line thought is a distinct mode of cognitive functioning that demands cognitive resources and is associated with deep levels of decoupling. The present work demonstrates that the elusive phenomenon of mindless reading can be vigorously investigated in the cognitive laboratory and further incorporated in the theoretical framework of cognitive science.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hoerath2012,
  author    = {H{\"o}rath, Anna},
  title     = {Auf den Spuren der griechischen Mythen bei Anton Čechov in den Werken der fr{\"u}hen Schaffensperiode},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70222},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Poetik des Alltags des russischen Schriftstellers Anton Čechov fasziniert bereits {\"u}ber ein Jahrhundert die Leser weltweit. Dieser Faszination liegt nicht zuletzt der griechische Mythos zugrunde, ein Kulturerbe, das die Denkweise unserer Gesellschaft tief greifend beeinflusst hat. Die antiken Gottheiten und Helden wie Apollo, Dionysos, Pythia, Narziss werden in Čechovs wenig untersuchtem Fr{\"u}hwerk zu Menschen des Alltags. Diese Projektion ist eine parodie- und travestiehafte Modifikation der mythischen Elementarstrukturen. In dieser Verschmelzung des Mythischen mit dem Allt{\"a}glichen wird Čechov zum Nachfolger insbesondere des antiken Dramatikers Epicharm. Methodisch basiert meine Analyse auf dem Begriffspaar von „Wiedergebrauchs-Rede" und „Verbrauchs-Rede" des Rhetorikers Heinrich Lausberg: Čechov erz{\"a}hlt die prominenten Mythen so wieder, dass sie zwar ihre Erhabenheit verlieren, ihre untergr{\"u}ndige Kraft jedoch beibehalten und so das Selbstbild des modernen Menschen bereichern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Brueckner2012,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Br{\"u}ckner, Anne},
  title     = {Filmtitel{\"u}bersetzung : eine Untersuchung franz{\"o}sischer und deutscher Filmtitel im interlingualen Transfer},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70506},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die empirische Arbeit untersucht den interlingualen Transfer von franz{\"o}sischen und deutschen Filmtiteln im vergangenen Jahrhundert. Sie basiert auf einem Korpus von 3.200 franz{\"o}sischen Originaltiteln und ihren deutschen Neutiteln und schließt eine Forschungsl{\"u}cke der Filmtitel{\"u}bersetzung f{\"u}r das Sprachenpaar deutsch-franz{\"o}sisch. Im theoretischen Teil werden die text- und {\"u}bersetzungswissenschaftlichen Grundlagen dargelegt. Filmtitel bilden eine eigene Textsorte, die unter Zuhilfenahme der Textualit{\"a}tskriterien von de Beaugrande/Dressler spezifiziert wird. Anhand ausgew{\"a}hlter Beispiele aus dem Korpus werden maßgebliche Funktionen von Filmtiteln, wie Werbung, Information, Identifikation, Kontakt und Interpretation er{\"o}rtert. Auf E. Prunčs Translationstypologie basieren jene f{\"u}nf Strategien, die bei der {\"U}bertragung von franz{\"o}sischen Filmtiteln in den deutschen Sprach- und Kulturraum zum Einsatz kommen: Identit{\"a}t, Analogie, Variation, Innovation sowie hybride Formen. Ausf{\"u}hrlich werden {\"U}bersetzungen von Umtitelungen abgegrenzt. Die Auswertung des Korpus ergibt, dass Titelinnovation die am h{\"a}ufigsten angewandte Strategie beim Titeltransfer im gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum darstellt, w{\"a}hrend Titelidentit{\"a}ten am seltensten zum Einsatz kommen. Die Betrachtung k{\"u}rzerer Zeitspannen zeigt gewisse Tendenzen auf, beispielsweise die deutliche Zunahme von Hybridtiteln in j{\"u}ngster Zeit. Erstmals wird in dieser Arbeit das Ph{\"a}nomen der Mehrfachbetitelungen in verschiedenen deutschsprachigen L{\"a}ndern aufgegriffen, indem nach Motiven f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Neutitel in Deutschland, der ehemaligen DDR und {\"O}sterreich gesucht wird. Den Abschluss bildet eine Betrachtung der Filmtitel aus rechtlicher und {\"o}konomischer Perspektive, denn zusammen mit ihren Filmen stellen Titel von hoher Kommerzialit{\"a}t gepr{\"a}gte Texte dar, und wie jedes Wirtschaftsgut erfahren auch sie eine pr{\"a}zise juristische Regulierung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Trukenbrod2012,
  author    = {Trukenbrod, Hans Arne},
  title     = {Temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control : from reading to scanning},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70206},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Eye movements are a powerful tool to examine cognitive processes. However, in most paradigms little is known about the dynamics present in sequences of saccades and fixations. In particular, the control of fixation durations has been widely neglected in most tasks. As a notable exception, both spatial and temporal aspects of eye-movement control have been thoroughly investigated during reading. There, the scientific discourse was dominated by three controversies, (i), the role of oculomotor vs. cognitive processing on eye-movement control, (ii) the serial vs. parallel processing of words, and, (iii), the control of fixation durations. The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate eye movements in tasks that require sequences of fixations and saccades. While reading phenomena served as a starting point, we examined eye guidance in non-reading tasks with the aim to identify general principles of eye-movement control. In addition, the investigation of eye movements in non-reading tasks helped refine our knowledge about eye-movement control during reading. Our approach included the investigation of eye movements in non-reading experiments as well as the evaluation and development of computational models. I present three main results : First, oculomotor phenomena during reading can also be observed in non-reading tasks (Chapter 2 \& 4). Oculomotor processes determine the fixation position within an object. The fixation position, in turn, modulates both the next saccade target and the current fixation duration. Second, predicitions of eye-movement models based on sequential attention shifts were falsified (Chapter 3). In fact, our results suggest that distributed processing of multiple objects forms the basis of eye-movement control. Third, fixation durations are under asymmetric control (Chapter 4). While increasing processing demands immediately prolong fixation durations, decreasing processing demands reduce fixation durations only with a temporal delay. We propose a computational model ICAT to account for asymmetric control. In this model, an autonomous timer initiates saccades after random time intervals independent of ongoing processing. However, processing demands that are higher than expected inhibit the execution of the next saccade and, thereby, prolong the current fixation. On the other hand, lower processing demands will not affect the duration before the next saccade is executed. Since the autonomous timer adjusts to expected processing demands from fixation to fixation, a decrease in processing demands may lead to a temporally delayed reduction of fixation durations. In an extended version of ICAT, we evaluated its performance while simulating both temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control. The eye-movement phenomena investigated in this thesis have now been observed in a number of different tasks, which suggests that they represent general principles of eye guidance. I propose that distributed processing of the visual input forms the basis of eye-movement control, while fixation durations are controlled by the principles outlined in ICAT. In addition, oculomotor control contributes considerably to the variability observed in eye movements. Interpretations for the relation between eye movements and cognition strongly benefit from a precise understanding of this interplay.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Oetsch2012,
  author    = {{\"O}tsch, Rainald},
  title     = {Stromerzeugung in Deutschland unter den Rahmenbedingungen von Klimapolitik und liberalisiertem Strommarkt : Bewertung von Kraftwerksinvestitionen mit Bayes'schen Einflussdiagrammen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69056},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Mit der Liberalisierung des Strommarkts, den unsicheren Aussichten in der Klimapolitik und stark schwankenden Preisen bei Brennstoffen, Emissionsrechten und Kraftwerkskomponenten hat bei Kraftwerksinvestitionen das Risikomanagement an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dies {\"a}ußert sich im vermehrten Einsatz probabilistischer Verfahren. Insbesondere bei regulativen Risiken liefert der klassische, h{\"a}ufigkeitsbasierte Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriff aber keine Handhabe zur Risikoquantifizierung. In dieser Arbeit werden Kraftwerksinvestitionen und -portfolien in Deutschland mit Methoden des Bayes'schen Risikomanagements bewertet. Die Bayes'sche Denkschule begreift Wahrscheinlichkeit als pers{\"o}nliches Maß f{\"u}r Unsicherheit. Wahrscheinlichkeiten k{\"o}nnen auch ohne statistische Datenanalyse allein mit Expertenbefragungen gewonnen werden. Das Zusammenwirken unsicherer Werttreiber wurde mit einem probabilistischen DCF-Modell (Discounted Cash Flow-Modell) spezifiziert und in ein Einflussdiagramm mit etwa 1200 Objekten umgesetzt. Da der {\"U}berw{\"a}lzungsgrad von Brennstoff- und CO2-Kosten und damit die H{\"o}he der von den Kraftwerken erwirtschafteten Deckungsbeitr{\"a}ge im Wettbewerb bestimmt werden, reicht eine einzelwirtschaftliche Betrachtung der Kraftwerke nicht aus. Strompreise und Auslastungen werden mit Heuristiken anhand der individuellen Position der Kraftwerke in der Merit Order bestimmt, d.h. anhand der nach kurzfristigen Grenzkosten gestaffelten Einsatzreihenfolge. Dazu wurden 113 thermische Großkraftwerke aus Deutschland in einer Merit Order vereinigt. Das Modell liefert Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen f{\"u}r zentrale Gr{\"o}ßen wie Kapitalwerte von Bestandsportfolien sowie Stromgestehungskosten und Kapitalwerte von Einzelinvestitionen (Steinkohle- und Braunkohlekraftwerke mit und ohne CO2-Abscheidung sowie GuD-Kraftwerke). Der Wert der Bestandsportfolien von RWE, E.ON, EnBW und Vattenfall wird prim{\"a}r durch die Beitr{\"a}ge der Braunkohle- und Atomkraftwerke bestimmt. Erstaunlicherweise schl{\"a}gt sich der Emissionshandel nicht in Verlusten nieder. Dies liegt einerseits an den Zusatzgewinnen der Atomkraftwerke, andererseits an den bis 2012 gratis zugeteilten Emissionsrechten, welche hohe Windfall-Profite generieren. Dadurch erweist sich der Emissionshandel in seiner konkreten Ausgestaltung insgesamt als gewinnbringendes Gesch{\"a}ft. {\"U}ber die Restlaufzeit der Bestandskraftwerke resultiert ab 2008 aus der Einf{\"u}hrung des Emissionshandels ein Barwertvorteil von insgesamt 8,6 Mrd. €. In {\"a}hnlicher Dimension liegen die Barwertvorteile aus der 2009 von der Bundesregierung in Aussicht gestellten Laufzeitverl{\"a}ngerung f{\"u}r Atomkraftwerke. Bei einer achtj{\"a}hrigen Laufzeitverl{\"a}ngerung erg{\"a}ben sich je nach CO2-Preisniveau Barwertvorteile von 8 bis 15 Mrd. €. Mit h{\"o}heren CO2-Preisen und Laufzeitverl{\"a}ngerungen von bis zu 28 Jahren w{\"u}rden 25 Mrd. € oder mehr zus{\"a}tzlich anfallen. Langfristig erscheint fraglich, ob unter dem gegenw{\"a}rtigen Marktdesign noch Anreize f{\"u}r Investitionen in fossile Kraftwerke gegeben sind. Zu Beginn der NAP 2-Periode noch rentable Investitionen in Braunkohle- und GuD-Kraftwerke werden mit der auslaufenden Gratiszuteilung von Emissionsrechten zunehmend unrentabler. Die Rentabilit{\"a}t wird durch Strommarkteffekte der erneuerbaren Energien und ausscheidender alter Gas- und {\"O}lkraftwerke stetig weiter untergraben. Steinkohlekraftwerke erweisen sich selbst mit anf{\"a}nglicher Gratiszuteilung als riskante Investition. Die festgestellten Anreizprobleme f{\"u}r Neuinvestitionen sollten jedoch nicht dem Emissionshandel zugeschrieben werden, sondern resultieren aus den an Grenzkosten orientierten Strompreisen. Das Anreizproblem ist allerdings bei moderaten CO2-Preisen am gr{\"o}ßten. Es gilt auch f{\"u}r Kraftwerke mit CO2-Abscheidung: Obwohl die erwarteten Vermeidungskosten f{\"u}r CCS-Kraftwerke gegen{\"u}ber konventionellen Kohlekraftwerken im Jahr 2025 auf 25 €/t CO2 (Braunkohle) bzw. 38,5 €/t CO2 (Steinkohle) gesch{\"a}tzt werden, wird ihr Bau erst ab CO2-Preisen von 50 bzw. 77 €/t CO2 rentabel. Ob und welche Kraftwerksinvestitionen sich langfristig rechnen, wird letztlich aber politisch entschieden und ist selbst unter stark idealisierten Bedingungen kaum vorhersagbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Lubawinski2012,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Lubawinski, Markus},
  title     = {Paradigmen in der Politik: zwischen Kontinuit{\"a}t und Wandel : zum Verh{\"a}ltnis von parlamentarischem Diskurs und staatlicher Steuerung in der Ausl{\"a}nderpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1981-2005)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-67365},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Seit Mitte 1950er Jahre hatten Bundesregierungen immer wieder betont, dass die Bundesrepublik „kein „Einwanderungsland" sei. Das Bekenntnis der Rot-Gr{\"u}nen Koalition zum „Einwanderungsland" und die Reformen im Bereich des Staatsb{\"u}rgerschaftsrechts (1999), des Arbeitsrechts (2000) und der Zuwanderung (2004) markierte daher f{\"u}r viele Experten einen Paradigmawandel in der deutschen Immigrations- und Integrationspolitik. Dieser Wandel ist nie systematisch untersucht worden. F{\"u}r den Zeitraum von 1981 bis 2005 geht die Arbeit auf der Basis einer stichwortbasierten Inhaltsanalyse und eines Gesetzgebungsindexes deshalb den Fragen nach, (1) inwieweit sich Ver{\"a}nderungen in der politischen Zuwanderungsdiskussion in Deutschland am Beispiel des Deutschen Bundestags nachweisen lassen (Diskursebene), (2) inwiefern die gesetzliche Steuerung und Regulierung von Immigration und Integration in dieser Periode von Liberalisierungstendenzen gekennzeichnet war (Policyebene), und (3) in welchem Verh{\"a}ltnis Diskurs und Policy zueinander stehen. Politische, {\"o}konomische und gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen werden dabei ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Theoretisch basiert die Arbeit auf den Annahmen der Punctuated Equilibrium Theory, die etwas ausf{\"u}hrlicher dargestellt und mit den Konzepten Paradigma, Frame und Policywandel verbunden wird.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Swierczynski2012,
  author    = {Swierczynski, Tina},
  title     = {A 7000 yr runoff chronology from varved sediments of Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66702},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The potential increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme floods is currently discussed in terms of global warming and the intensification of the hydrological cycle. The profound knowledge of past natural variability of floods is of utmost importance in order to assess flood risk for the future. Since instrumental flood series cover only the last ~150 years, other approaches to reconstruct historical and pre-historical flood events are needed. Annually laminated (varved) lake sediments are meaningful natural geoarchives because they provide continuous records of environmental changes > 10000 years down to a seasonal resolution. Since lake basins additionally act as natural sediment traps, the riverine sediment supply, which is preserved as detrital event layers in the lake sediments, can be used as a proxy for extreme discharge events. Within my thesis I examined a ~ 8.50 m long sedimentary record from the pre-Alpine Lake Mondsee (Northeast European Alps), which covered the last 7000 years. This sediment record consists of calcite varves and intercalated detrital layers, which range in thickness from 0.05 to 32 mm. Detrital layer deposition was analysed by a combined method of microfacies analysis via thin sections, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), μX-ray fluorescence (μXRF) scanning and magnetic susceptibility. This approach allows characterizing individual detrital event layers and assigning a corresponding input mechanism and catchment. Based on varve counting and controlled by 14C age dates, the main goals of this thesis are (i) to identify seasonal runoff processes, which lead to significant sediment supply from the catchment into the lake basin and (ii) to investigate flood frequency under changing climate boundary conditions. This thesis follows a line of different time slices, presenting an integrative approach linking instrumental and historical flood data from Lake Mondsee in order to evaluate the flood record inferred from Lake Mondsee sediments. The investigation of eleven short cores covering the last 100 years reveals the abundance of 12 detrital layers. Therein, two types of detrital layers are distinguished by grain size, geochemical composition and distribution pattern within the lake basin. Detrital layers, which are enriched in siliciclastic and dolomitic material, reveal sediment supply from the Flysch sediments and Northern Calcareous Alps into the lake basin. These layers are thicker in the northern lake basin (0.1-3.9 mm) and thinner in the southern lake basin (0.05-1.6 mm). Detrital layers, which are enriched in dolomitic components forming graded detrital layers (turbidites), indicate the provenance from the Northern Calcareous Alps. These layers are generally thicker (0.65-32 mm) and are solely recorded within the southern lake basin. In comparison with instrumental data, thicker graded layers result from local debris flow events in summer, whereas thin layers are deposited during regional flood events in spring/summer. Extreme summer floods as reported from flood layer deposition are principally caused by cyclonic activity from the Mediterranean Sea, e.g. July 1954, July 1997 and August 2002. During the last two millennia, Lake Mondsee sediments reveal two significant flood intervals with decadal-scale flood episodes, during the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP) and the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) into the Little Ice Age (LIA) suggesting a linkage of transition to climate cooling and summer flood recurrences in the Northeastern Alps. In contrast, intermediate or decreased flood episodes appeared during the MWP and the LIA. This indicates a non-straightforward relationship between temperature and flood recurrence, suggesting higher cyclonic activity during climate transition in the Northeast Alps. The 7000-year flood chronology reveals 47 debris flows and 269 floods, with increased flood activity shifting around 3500 and 1500 varve yr BP (varve yr BP = varve years before present, before present = AD 1950). This significant increase in flood activity shows a coincidence with millennial-scale climate cooling that is reported from main Alpine glacier advances and lower tree lines in the European Alps since about 3300 cal. yr BP (calibrated years before present). Despite relatively low flood occurrence prior to 1500 varve yr BP, floods at Lake Mondsee could have also influenced human life in early Neolithic lake dwellings (5750-4750 cal. yr BP). While the first lake dwellings were constructed on wetlands, the later lake dwellings were built on piles in the water suggesting an early flood risk adaptation of humans and/or a general change of the Late Neolithic Culture of lake-dwellers because of socio-economic reasons. However, a direct relationship between the final abandonment of the lake dwellings and higher flood frequencies is not evidenced.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Sawade2012,
  author    = {Sawade, Christoph},
  title     = {Active evaluation of predictive models},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-255-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65583},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {ix, 157},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The field of machine learning studies algorithms that infer predictive models from data. Predictive models are applicable for many practical tasks such as spam filtering, face and handwritten digit recognition, and personalized product recommendation. In general, they are used to predict a target label for a given data instance. In order to make an informed decision about the deployment of a predictive model, it is crucial to know the model's approximate performance. To evaluate performance, a set of labeled test instances is required that is drawn from the distribution the model will be exposed to at application time. In many practical scenarios, unlabeled test instances are readily available, but the process of labeling them can be a time- and cost-intensive task and may involve a human expert. This thesis addresses the problem of evaluating a given predictive model accurately with minimal labeling effort. We study an active model evaluation process that selects certain instances of the data according to an instrumental sampling distribution and queries their labels. We derive sampling distributions that minimize estimation error with respect to different performance measures such as error rate, mean squared error, and F-measures. An analysis of the distribution that governs the estimator leads to confidence intervals, which indicate how precise the error estimation is. Labeling costs may vary across different instances depending on certain characteristics of the data. For instance, documents differ in their length, comprehensibility, and technical requirements; these attributes affect the time a human labeler needs to judge relevance or to assign topics. To address this, the sampling distribution is extended to incorporate instance-specific costs. We empirically study conditions under which the active evaluation processes are more accurate than a standard estimate that draws equally many instances from the test distribution. We also address the problem of comparing the risks of two predictive models. The standard approach would be to draw instances according to the test distribution, label the selected instances, and apply statistical tests to identify significant differences. Drawing instances according to an instrumental distribution affects the power of a statistical test. We derive a sampling procedure that maximizes test power when used to select instances, and thereby minimizes the likelihood of choosing the inferior model. Furthermore, we investigate the task of comparing several alternative models; the objective of an evaluation could be to rank the models according to the risk that they incur or to identify the model with lowest risk. An experimental study shows that the active procedure leads to higher test power than the standard test in many application domains. Finally, we study the problem of evaluating the performance of ranking functions, which are used for example for web search. In practice, ranking performance is estimated by applying a given ranking model to a representative set of test queries and manually assessing the relevance of all retrieved items for each query. We apply the concepts of active evaluation and active comparison to ranking functions and derive optimal sampling distributions for the commonly used performance measures Discounted Cumulative Gain and Expected Reciprocal Rank. Experiments on web search engine data illustrate significant reductions in labeling costs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Friedrich2012,
  author    = {Friedrich, Katja},
  title     = {Selbstst{\"a}ndig(er) durch Selbst- und Fremdeinsch{\"a}tzung? : M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der F{\"o}rderung von Metakognitionsstrategien bei Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern durch "Ich-kann"-Checklisten ; Ergebnisse einer gezielten Intervention im Fach Deutsch in der 7. gymnasialen Jahrgangsstufe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66411},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Neben der Frage nach der leistungssteigernden Wirkung von sogenannten "Ich-kann"-Checklisten auf die Metakognitionsstrategien der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler, geht die Arbeit auch den Fragen nach, welche Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler "Ich-kann"-Checklisten nutzen, in welcher Form und unter welchen Kontextmerkmalen sie am wirksamsten sind. Dabei handelt es sich um Listen mit festgelegten, fachlichen und {\"u}berfachlichen Kompetenzen einer bzw. mehrerer Unterrichtseinheiten, die in Form von „Ich-kann"-Formulierungen f{\"u}r Sch{\"u}ler geschrieben sind und die Aufforderung einer Selbst- und Fremdeinsch{\"a}tzung beinhalten. Blickt man in die Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen der letzten Jahre zu diesem Thema und in die schulische Praxis, so ist eine deutliche Hinwendung zur Entwicklung und Arbeit mit „Ich-kann"-Checklisten und Kompetenzrastern zu erkennen. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass diesbez{\"u}glich so gut wie keine empirischen Untersuchungen vorliegen (vgl. Bastian \& Merziger, 2007; Merziger, 2007). Basierend auf einer quantitativen Erhebung von 197 Gymnasialsch{\"u}lerinnen und -sch{\"u}lern in der 7. Jahrgangsstufe im Fach Deutsch wurde {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren diesen {\"u}bergeordneten Fragen nachgegangen. Die Ergebnisse lassen die Aussagen zu, dass "Ich-kann"-Checklisten insbesondere f{\"u}r Jungen ein wirksames p{\"a}dagogisches Instrument der Selbstregulation darstellen. So f{\"o}rdert die Arbeit mit "Ich-kann"-Checklisten nicht nur die Steuerung eigener Lernprozesse, sondern auch die Anstrengungsbereitschaft der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler, mehr f{\"u}r das Fach tun zu wollen. Eine w{\"a}hrend der Intervention erfolgte Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzung {\"u}ber den Leistungsstand mittels der "Ich-kann"-Checklisten f{\"o}rdert dabei den freiwilligen außerunterrichtlichen Gebrauch.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Axtner2012,
  author    = {Axtner, Jan},
  title     = {Immune gene expression and diversity in relation to gastrointestinal parasite burden in small mammals},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65639},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {MHC genes encode proteins that are responsible for the recognition of foreign antigens and the triggering of a subsequent, adequate immune response of the organism. Thus they hold a key position in the immune system of vertebrates. It is believed that the extraordinary genetic diversity of MHC genes is shaped by adaptive selectional processes in response to the reoccurring adaptations of parasites and pathogens. A large number of MHC studies were performed in a wide range of wildlife species aiming to understand the role of immune gene diversity in parasite resistance under natural selection conditions. Methodically, most of this work with very few exceptions has focussed only upon the structural, i.e. sequence diversity of regions responsible for antigen binding and presentation. Most of these studies found evidence that MHC gene variation did indeed underlie adaptive processes and that an individual's allelic diversity explains parasite and pathogen resistance to a large extent. Nevertheless, our understanding of the effective mechanisms is incomplete. A neglected, but potentially highly relevant component concerns the transcriptional differences of MHC alleles. Indeed, differences in the expression levels MHC alleles and their potential functional importance have remained unstudied. The idea that also transcriptional differences might play an important role relies on the fact that lower MHC gene expression is tantamount with reduced induction of CD4+ T helper cells and thus with a reduced immune response. Hence, I studied the expression of MHC genes and of immune regulative cytokines as additional factors to reveal the functional importance of MHC diversity in two free-ranging rodent species (Delomys sublineatus, Apodemus flavicollis) in association with their gastrointestinal helminths under natural selection conditions. I established the method of relative quantification of mRNA on liver and spleen samples of both species in our laboratory. As there was no available information on nucleic sequences of potential reference genes in both species, PCR primer systems that were established in laboratory mice have to be tested and adapted for both non-model organisms. In the due course, sets of stable reference genes for both species were found and thus the preconditions for reliable measurements of mRNA levels established. For D. sublineatus it could be demonstrated that helminth infection elicits aspects of a typical Th2 immune response. Whereas mRNA levels of the cytokine interleukin Il4 increased with infection intensity by strongyle nematodes neither MHC nor cytokine expression played a significant role in D. sublineatus. For A. flavicollis I found a negative association between the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus and hepatic MHC mRNA levels. As a lower MHC expression entails a lower immune response, this could be evidence for an immune evasive strategy of the nematode, as it has been suggested for many micro-parasites. This implies that H. polygyrus is capable to interfere actively with the MHC transcription. Indeed, this parasite species has long been suspected to be immunosuppressive, e.g. by induction of regulatory T-helper cells that respond with a higher interleukin Il10 and tumor necrosis factor Tgfb production. Both cytokines in turn cause an abated MHC expression. By disabling recognition by the MHC molecule H. polygyrus might be able to prevent an activation of the immune system. Indeed, I found a strong tendency in animals carrying the allele Apfl-DRB*23 to have an increased infection intensity with H. polygyrus. Furthermore, I found positive and negative associations between specific MHC alleles and other helminth species, as well as typical signs of positive selection acting on the nucleic sequences of the MHC. The latter was evident by an elevated rate of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions in the MHC sequences of exon 2 encoding the functionally important antigen binding sites whereas the first and third exons of the MHC DRB gene were highly conserved. In conclusion, the studies in this thesis demonstrate that valid procedures to quantify expression of immune relevant genes are also feasible in non-model wildlife organisms. In addition to structural MHC diversity, also MHC gene expression should be considered to obtain a more complete picture on host-pathogen coevolutionary selection processes. This is especially true if parasites are able to interfere with systemic MHC expression. In this case advantageous or disadvantageous effects of allelic binding motifs are abated. The studies could not define the role of MHC gene expression in antagonistic coevolution as such but the results suggest that it depends strongly on the specific parasite species that is involved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bomm2012,
  author    = {Bomm, Jana},
  title     = {Von Gold Plasmonen und Exzitonen : Synthese, Charakterisierung und Applikationen von Gold Nanopartikeln},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66402},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wurden sph{\"a}rische Gold Nanopartikel (NP) mit einem Durchmesser gr{\"o}ßer ~ 2 nm, Gold Quantenpunkte (QDs) mit einem Durchmesser kleiner ~ 2 nm sowie Gold Nanost{\"a}bchen (NRs) unterschiedlicher L{\"a}nge hergestellt und optisch charakterisiert. Zudem wurden zwei neue Synthesevarianten f{\"u}r die Herstellung thermosensitiver Gold QDs entwickelt werden. Sph{\"a}rische Gold NP zeigen eine Plasmonenbande bei ~ 520 nm, die auf die kollektive Oszillation von Elektronen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Gold NRs weisen aufgrund ihrer anisotropen Form zwei Plasmonenbanden auf, eine transversale Plasmonenbande bei ~ 520 nm und eine longitudinale Plasmonenbande, die vom L{\"a}nge-zu-Durchmesser-Verh{\"a}ltnis der Gold NRs abh{\"a}ngig ist. Gold QDs besitzen keine Plasmonenbande, da ihre Elektronen Quantenbeschr{\"a}nkungen unterliegen. Gold QDs zeigen jedoch aufgrund diskreter Energieniveaus und einer Bandl{\"u}cke Photolumineszenz (PL). Die synthetisierten Gold QDs besitzen eine Breitbandlumineszenz im Bereich von ~ 500-800 nm, wobei die Lumineszenz-eigenschaften (Emissionspeak, Quantenausbeute, Lebenszeiten) stark von den Herstellungs-bedingungen und den Oberfl{\"a}chenliganden abh{\"a}ngen. Die PL in Gold QDs ist ein sehr komplexes Ph{\"a}nomen und r{\"u}hrt vermutlich von Singulett- und Triplett-Zust{\"a}nden her. Gold NRs und Gold QDs konnten in verschiedene Polymere wie bspw. Cellulosetriacetat eingearbeitet werden. Polymernanokomposite mit Gold NRs wurden erstmals unter definierten Bedingungen mechanisch gezogen, um Filme mit optisch anisotropen (richtungsabh{\"a}ngigen) Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Zudem wurde das Temperaturverhalten von Gold NRs und Gold QDs untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine lokale Variation der Gr{\"o}ße und Form von Gold NRs in Polymernanokompositen durch Temperaturerh{\"o}hung auf 225-250 °C erzielt werden kann. Es zeigte sich, dass die PL der Gold QDs stark temperaturabh{\"a}ngig ist, wodurch die PL QY der Proben beim Abk{\"u}hlen (-7 °C) auf knapp 30 \% verdoppelt und beim Erhitzen auf 70 °C nahezu vollst{\"a}ndig gel{\"o}scht werden konnte. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass die L{\"a}nge der Alkylkette des Oberfl{\"a}chenliganden einen Einfluss auf die Temperaturstabilit{\"a}t der Gold QDs hat. Zudem wurden verschiedene neuartige und optisch anisotrope Sicherheitslabels mit Gold NRs sowie thermosensitive Sicherheitslabel mit Gold QDs entwickelt. Ebenso scheinen Gold NRs und QDs f{\"u}r die und die Optoelektronik (bspw. Datenspeicherung) und die Medizin (bspw. Krebsdiagnostik bzw. -therapie) von großem Interesse zu sein.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Bilkay2012,
  author    = {Bilkay, Taybet},
  title     = {Thiophen und Benzodithiophen basierte organische Halbleiter f{\"u}r aus L{\"o}sung prozessierbare Feldeffekttransistoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66164},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung von organol{\"o}slichen Thiophen und Benzodithiophen basierten Materialien und ihrer Anwendung als aktive lochleitende Halbleiterschichten in Feldeffekttransistoren. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird durch eine gezielte Modifikation des Thiophengrundger{\"u}stes eine neue Comonomer-Einheit f{\"u}r die Synthese von Thiophen basierten Copolymeren erfolgreich dargestellt. Die hydrophoben Hexylgruppen in der 3-Position des Thiophens werden teilweise durch hydrophile 3,6-Dioxaheptylgruppen ersetzt. {\"U}ber die Grignard-Metathese nach McCullough werden statistische Copolymere mit unterschiedlichen molaren Anteilen vom hydrophoben Hexyl- und hydrophilem 3,6-Dioxaheptylgruppen 1:1 (P-1), 1:2 (P-2) und 2:1 (P-3) erfolgreich hergestellt. Auch die Synthese eines definierten Blockcopolymers BP-1 durch sequentielle Addition der Comonomere wird realisiert. Optische und elektrochemische Eigenschaften der neuartigen Copolymere sind vergleichbar mit P3HT. Mit allen Copolymeren wird ein charakteristisches Transistorverhalten in einem Top-Gate/Bottom-Kontakt-Aufbau erhalten. Dabei werden mit P-1 als die aktive Halbleiterschicht im Bauteil, PMMA als Dielektrikum und Silber als Gate-Elektrode Mobilit{\"a}ten von bis zu 10-2 cm2/Vs erzielt. Als Folge der optimierten Grenzfl{\"a}che zwischen Dielektrikum und Halbleiter wird eine Verbesserung der Luftstabilit{\"a}t der Transistoren {\"u}ber mehrere Monate festgestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden Benzodithiophen basierte organische Materialien hergestellt. F{\"u}r die Synthese der neuartigen Benzodithiophen-Derivate wird die Schl{\"u}sselverbindung TIPS-BDT in guter Ausbeute dargestellt. Die Difunktionalisierung von TIPS-BDT in den 2,6-Positionen {\"u}ber eine elektrophile Substitution liefert die gew{\"u}nschten Dibrom- und Distannylmonomere. Zun{\"a}chst werden {\"u}ber die Stille-Reaktion alternierende Copolymere mit alkylierten Fluoren- und Chinoxalin-Einheiten realisiert. Alle Copolymere zeichnen sich durch eine gute L{\"o}slichkeit in g{\"a}ngigen organischen L{\"o}sungsmitteln, hohe thermische Stabilit{\"a}t und durch gute Filmbildungseigenschaften aus. Des Weiteren sind alle Copolymere mit HOMO Lagen h{\"o}her als -6.3 eV, verglichen mit den Thiophen basierten Copolymeren (P-1 bis P-3), sehr oxidationsstabil. Diese Copolymere zeigen amorphes Verhalten in den Halbleiterschichten in OFETs auf und es werden Mobilit{\"a}ten bis zu 10-4 cm2/Vs erreicht. Eine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Bauteil-Leistung von dem Zinngehalt-Rest im Polymer wird nachgewiesen. Ein Zinngehalt von {\"u}ber 0.6 \% kann enormen Einfluss auf die Mobilit{\"a}t aus{\"u}ben, da die funktionellen SnMe3-Gruppen als Fallenzust{\"a}nde wirken k{\"o}nnen. Alternativ wird das alternierende TIPS-BDT/Fluoren-Copolymer P-5-Stille nach der Suzuki-Methode polymerisiert. Mit P-5-Suzuki als die aktive organische Halbleiterschicht im OFET wird die h{\"o}chste Mobilit{\"a}t von 10-2 cm2/Vs erzielt. Diese Mobilit{\"a}t ist somit um zwei Gr{\"o}ßenordnungen h{\"o}her als bei P-5-Stille, da die Fallenzust{\"a}nde in diesem Fall minimiert werden und folglich der Ladungstransport verbessert wird. Sowohl das Homopolymer P-12 als auch das Copolymer mit dem aromatischen Akzeptor Benzothiadiazol P-9 f{\"u}hren zu schwerl{\"o}slichen Polymeren. Aus diesem Grund werden einerseits Terpolymere aus TIPS-BDT/Fluoren/BTD-Einheiten P-10 und P-11 aufgebaut und andererseits wird versucht die TIPS-BDT-Einheit in die Seitenkette des Styrols einzubringen. Mit der Einf{\"u}hrung von BTD in die Hauptpolymerkette werden insbesondere die Absorptions- und die elektrochemischen Eigenschaften beeinflusst. Im Vergleich zu dem TIPS-BDT/Fluoren-Copolymer reicht die Absorption bis in den sichtbaren Bereich und die LUMO Lage wird zu niederen Werten verschoben. Eine Verbesserung der Leistung in den Bauteilen wird jedoch nicht festgestellt. Die erfolgreiche erstmalige Synthese von TIPS-BDT als Seitenkettenpolymer an Styrol P-13 f{\"u}hrt zu einem l{\"o}slichen und amorphen Polymer mit vergleichbaren Mobilit{\"a}ten von Styrol basierten Polymeren (µ = 10-5 cm2/Vs) im OFET. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Synthese von niedermolekularen organol{\"o}slichen Benzodithiophen-Derivaten. {\"U}ber Suzuki- und Stille-Reaktionen ist es erstmals m{\"o}glich, verschiedenartige Aromaten {\"u}ber eine σ-Bindung an TIPS-BDT in den 2,6-Positionen zu kn{\"u}pfen. Die UV/VIS-Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Absorption durch die Verl{\"a}ngerung der π-Konjugationsl{\"a}nge zu h{\"o}heren Wellenl{\"a}ngen verschoben wird. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist es m{\"o}glich, thermisch vernetzbare Gruppen wie Allyloxy in das Molek{\"u}lger{\"u}st einzubauen. Das Einf{\"u}hren von F-Atomen in das Molek{\"u}lger{\"u}st resultiert in einer verst{\"a}rkten Packungsordnung im Fluorbenzen funktionalisiertem TIPS-BDT (SM-4) im Festk{\"o}rper mit sehr guten elektronischen Eigenschaften im OFET, wobei Mobilit{\"a}ten bis zu 0.09 cm2/Vs erreicht werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Pažicky2012,
  author    = {Pažick{\´y}, Michal},
  title     = {Slovak schools},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66138},
  pages     = {23 -- 24},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Brooks2012,
  author    = {Brooks, Clare},
  title     = {The EVE curriculum framework},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66128},
  pages     = {17 -- 20},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Evaluations 2. Main changes to the curriculum Framework 3. Looking Forwards},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vandenBeemtCinkayaErdemetal.2012,
  author    = {van den Beemt, Martijn and {\c{C}}inkaya, Muhammed and Erdem, Didem Tuğ{\c{c}}e and Janssen, Robert},
  title     = {Conclusion for future teaching},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65880},
  pages     = {99 -- 104},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. The importance of the maps in the Atlas of European Values 2. Team teaching 3. The importance of discussions in secondary schools 4. Assignments 5. Impact 6. Comments},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltuntaşAkcayKoolsetal.2012,
  author    = {Altunta{\c{s}}, Kezban and Ak{\c{c}}ay, Pinar and Kools, Suzanne and Schnabel, Richard},
  title     = {Assignments, curriculum framework and background information as the base of developing lessons},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65877},
  pages     = {93 -- 98},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. What are the general strengths of the assignments? 2. Structure of the assignment 3. Resources of the assignment 4. Fostering self-expression 5. How could you improve the assignment? 6. Lack of specific examples 7. Not relating the issue to the students 8. Language Problems 9. Infeasibility to adaptation 10. In what ways was the additional information useful ? How could this be improved? 11. Was the framework useful for you and in what way? 12. In what ways did the assignments reflect the steps identified in the framework?},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AzarErdoenmezVerscheijden2012,
  author    = {Azar, Elif Zeynep and Erd{\"o}nmez, {\c{C}}ağlayan and Verscheijden, Desir{\´e}e},
  title     = {Developing Critical Thinking},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65867},
  pages     = {87 -- 92},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Critical thinking in curriculum framework 2. A general look at critical thinking 3. How critical thinking take s place in the classroom and some specific examples 4. Suggestions 5. Conclusion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AkpniarMaasRooth2012,
  author    = {Akpniar, Seda and Maas, Desiree and Rooth, Anneke},
  title     = {Deepening Understanding},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65859},
  pages     = {81 -- 85},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Background information 2. Explanations during the lessons 3. Deepening under standing in some assignments 4. Conclusion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KnoopsErbilErtuerk2012,
  author    = {Knoops, Femke and Erbil, Fethiye and Ert{\"u}rk, Mustafa},
  title     = {Teaching patterns and trends},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65845},
  pages     = {75 -- 79},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Outline 2. Definition 3. Why is it important (or not) to teach about patterns and trends? What are the strengths and weaknesses of teaching patterns and trends? 4. How were patterns and trends offered in the original assignments? 5. What did the student teacher change in practice? How did it go? 6. Suggestions for improving patterns and trends},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WillemseCornelissenTurgut2012,
  author    = {Willemse, Marloes and Cornelissen, Sebastiaan and Turgut, Pelin},
  title     = {Relating the attitudes represented in the maps of the atlas of European values to the students},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65834},
  pages     = {69 -- 74},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. The meaning of religious (sacred) places 2. Why be religious? 3. Secularism in Europe 4. Youth and religion ('No creo en el jamas' (Juanes)) 5. Football \& religion 6. Religion and politics 7. Penguins in heaven 8. Lucky Charms 9. Unity in Diversity 10. Religion and active citizenship},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Krause2012,
  author    = {Krause, Uwe},
  title     = {The Dutch school system},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65828},
  pages     = {67 -- 68},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChovanovaGembickyNern2012,
  author    = {Chovanov{\´a}, Katarina and Gembick{\´y}, Kamil and Nern, Luise},
  title     = {Conclusion for future teaching},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65817},
  pages     = {59 -- 63},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Introduction 2. Questionnaire 3. Using the assignments in the future 4. Helpful experiences for future teaching 5. Value of the project for future job 6. Value of the project for future life 7. Conclusion Appendix},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RyglSeegerStrehmann2012,
  author    = {R{\´y}gl, Pavel and Seeger, Anett and Strehmann, Anja},
  title     = {Developing lessons on the basis of the assignments},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65803},
  pages     = {53 -- 58},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. What was the aim of your lesson and how helpful was the assignment for planning it? 2. Which tasks did you choose from the assignment (without or with a little change )? 3. Did you work with the teacher Information? Why? What was helpful? 4. What can be improved in the assignment ? 5. Conclusion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaarsBajzikPisarčiketal.2012,
  author    = {Baars, Daniela and Bajz{\´i}k, Michal and Pisarč{\´i}k, Stanislav and Weiser, Ines},
  title     = {Developing critical thinking},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65798},
  pages     = {45 -- 51},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. What does critical thinking mean? 2. Critical thinking in school 3. Critical thinking as a process 4. Analysing and evaluating the questionnaire 5. Interview with one of the students 6. Analysis and evaluation of the assignments 7. Conclusion},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MajerRoell2012,
  author    = {Majer, Zdenko and R{\"o}ll, Juliane},
  title     = {Deepening understanding},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65784},
  pages     = {39 -- 44},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. What do we mean, when we say 'deepening understanding'? 2. Which methods can be used to foster deepening understanding? 3. Examples for deepening understanding based on the assignments 4. Summary of methods and results 5. How did we train deepening under standing in school? 6. What did the pupils learn from it? 7. Our own experiences working on this chapter},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HintzeIvaškaKallenbach2012,
  author    = {Hintze, Katarina and Ivaška, Michal and Kallenbach, Ren{\´e}},
  title     = {Describing patterns},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65771},
  pages     = {33 -- 37},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. What comes to your Mind when you think of 'patterns'? 2. Does your assignment include patterns? 3. Did you decide tu use some of the patterns? 4. If yes, what problem did you explain with the help of patterns? 4. Describe which patterns you used and how you used them 5. Did you explain the concept of a pattern to your pupils? 6. From your point of view - did pattern offer a helpful structure to prepare your lesson? 7. To what extent were patterns useful for the pupils to understand the main topic of the lesson? 8. How would you improve teaching patterns in your assignments? 9. If you didn 't use any patterns , explain why. 10. What do you think about using the concept of patterns in general? 11. Will you use patterns in other lessons in the future? Describe why or why not. 12. Conclusion},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlahušiakovaRoeperKuehnemannStaufenbieletal.2012,
  author    = {Blahušiakov{\´a}, Andrea and R{\"o}per-K{\"u}hnemann, Christian and Staufenbiel, Christoph and Voz{\´a}rov{\´a}, Hana},
  title     = {Relating to students},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65769},
  pages     = {25 -- 31},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. The Assignment 'Devotion to Religion and acitive Citizenship' 2. The Assignment 'How are religious spread across Europe' 3. The Assignment 'Is football as important as religion?' 4. The Assignment 'Why be religious?' 5. The Assignment 'Lucky charms' 6. The Assignment 'No Creo en el Jamas' (Life after death) 7. The Assignment 'Religion and its influence on politics ans policies' 8. The Assignment 'Secularisation in Europe' 9. The Assignment 'The meaning of religious places' 10. The Assignment 'Unity in diversity' 11. Which conceptions did you find?},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HalmanRokvenSieben2012,
  author    = {Halman, Loek and Rokven, Josja and Sieben, Inge},
  title     = {Religion},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65751},
  pages     = {13 -- 15},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {1. Eastern Europe: the case of Czech Republic and Slovakia 2. Turkey 3. The EVE Curriculum Framework - Developments on the second phase (Clare Brooks) 4. Evaluations 5. Main changes to the curriculum Framework 6. Looking Forwards},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Krause2012,
  author    = {Krause, Uwe},
  title     = {Videos related to the maps},
  series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65745},
  pages     = {11 -- 12},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Muriu2012,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Muriu, Abraham Rugo},
  title     = {Decentralization, citizen participation and local public service delivery : a study on the nature and influence of citizen participation on decentralized service delivery in Kenya},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65085},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Governments at central and sub-national levels are increasingly pursuing participatory mechanisms in a bid to improve governance and service delivery. This has been largely in the context of decentralization reforms in which central governments transfer (share) political, administrative, fiscal and economic powers and functions to sub-national units. Despite the great international support and advocacy for participatory governance where citizen's voice plays a key role in decision making of decentralized service delivery, there is a notable dearth of empirical evidence as to the effect of such participation. This is the question this study sought to answer based on a case study of direct citizen participation in Local Authorities (LAs) in Kenya. This is as formally provided for by the Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plan (LASDAP) framework that was established to ensure citizens play a central role in planning and budgeting, implementation and monitoring of locally identified services towards improving livelihoods and reducing poverty. Influence of participation was assessed in terms of how it affected five key determinants of effective service delivery namely: efficient allocation of resources; equity in service delivery; accountability and reduction of corruption; quality of services; and, cost recovery. It finds that the participation of citizens is minimal and the resulting influence on the decentralized service delivery negligible. It concludes that despite the dismal performance of citizen participation, LASDAP has played a key role towards institutionalizing citizen participation that future structures will build on. It recommends that an effective framework of citizen participation should be one that is not directly linked to politicians; one that is founded on a legal framework and where citizens have a legal recourse opportunity; and, one that obliges LA officials both to implement what citizen's proposals which meet the set criteria as well as to account for their actions in the management of public resources.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Vocks2012,
  author    = {Vocks, Christian},
  title     = {Electron kinetic processes in the solar corona and wind},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65259},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The Sun is surrounded by a 10^6 K hot atmosphere, the corona. The corona and the solar wind are fully ionized, and therefore in the plasma state. Magnetic fields play an important role in a plasma, since they bind electrically charged particles to their field lines. EUV spectroscopes, like the SUMER instrument on-board the SOHO spacecraft, reveal a preferred heating of coronal ions and strong temperature anisotropies. Velocity distributions of electrons can be measured directly in the solar wind, e.g. with the 3DPlasma instrument on-board the WIND satellite. They show a thermal core, an anisotropic suprathermal halo, and an anti-solar, magnetic-field-aligned, beam or "strahl". For an understanding of the physical processes in the corona, an adequate description of the plasma is needed. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) treats the plasma simply as an electrically conductive fluid. Multi-fluid models consider e.g. protons and electrons as separate fluids. They enable a description of many macroscopic plasma processes. However, fluid models are based on the assumption of a plasma near thermodynamic equilibrium. But the solar corona is far away from this. Furthermore, fluid models cannot describe processes like the interaction with electromagnetic waves on a microscopic scale. Kinetic models, which are based on particle velocity distributions, do not show these limitations, and are therefore well-suited for an explanation of the observations listed above. For the simplest kinetic models, the mirror force in the interplanetary magnetic field focuses solar wind electrons into an extremely narrow beam, which is contradicted by observations. Therefore, a scattering mechanism must exist that counteracts the mirror force. In this thesis, a kinetic model for electrons in the solar corona and wind is presented that provides electron scattering by resonant interaction with whistler waves. The kinetic model reproduces the observed components of solar wind electron distributions, i.e. core, halo, and a "strahl" with finite width. But the model is not only applicable on the quiet Sun. The propagation of energetic electrons from a solar flare is studied, and it is found that scattering in the direction of propagation and energy diffusion influence the arrival times of flare electrons at Earth approximately to the same degree. In the corona, the interaction of electrons with whistler waves does not only lead to scattering, but also to the formation of a suprathermal halo, as it is observed in interplanetary space. This effect is studied both for the solar wind as well as the closed volume of a coronal magnetic loop. The result is of fundamental importance for solar-stellar relations. The quiet solar corona always produces suprathermal electrons. This process is closely related to coronal heating, and can therefore be expected in any hot stellar corona. In the second part of this thesis it is detailed how to calculate growth or damping rates of plasma waves from electron velocity distributions. The emission and propagation of electron cyclotron waves in the quiet solar corona, and that of whistler waves during solar flares, is studied. The latter can be observed as so-called fiber bursts in dynamic radio spectra, and the results are in good agreement with observed bursts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Tarvenkorn2012,
  author    = {Tarvenkorn, Alexander},
  title     = {Aufstiege aus der Mittelschicht : soziale Aufstiegsmobilit{\"a}t von Haushalten zwischen 1984 und 2010},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65331},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Dissertation widmet sich den intragenerationalen Aufstiegsprozessen von Haushalten aus der Mittelschicht zu den Wohlhabenden. Intragenerationale Mobilit{\"a}tsforschung wird bislang vor allem als arbeitsmarktbezogene Inidivualmobilit{\"a}t angesehen. Diese Dissertation erweitert den Ansatz auf die Ebene des Haushaltes. Dem liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass die soziale Position eines Individuums nicht allein durch sein Erwerbseinkommen determiniert wird. Ebenso entscheidend ist der Kontext des Haushaltes. Dieser bestimmt dar{\"u}ber, wie viele Personen zum Einkommen beitragen k{\"o}nnen und wie viele daran partizipieren. Weiterhin kommt der Haushaltsebene in Paar-Haushalten die Rolle des Aushandlungsortes zu. Hier wird {\"u}ber Familienplanung, Kinderwunsch und damit in Zusammenhang stehend auch {\"u}ber die Erwerbsbeteiligung der Partner entscheiden. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht diese Annahmen mithilfe von Daten des Sozio{\"o}konomischen Panels (SOEP) der Jahre 1984 bis 2010. Der Fokus liegt auf der Erwerbsbeteiligung und dem Bildungsniveau des Haushaltes, seiner Struktur, sowie dem Beruf des Haushaltsvorstandes. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass dies die Hauptfaktoren sind, die {\"u}ber die finanziellen M{\"o}glichkeiten eines Haushaltes entscheiden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des historischen Kontextes, da anzunehmen ist, dass die oben benannten Faktoren sich und ihren Einfluss auf die Aufstiegsm{\"o}glichkeiten von Haushalten im historischen Verlauf ver{\"a}ndert haben.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Czymzik2012,
  author    = {Czymzik, Markus},
  title     = {Mid- to Late Holocene flood reconstruction from two varved sediment profiles of pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (Southern Germany)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65098},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Climate is the principal driving force of hydrological extremes like floods and attributing generating mechanisms is an essential prerequisite for understanding past, present, and future flood variability. Successively enhanced radiative forcing under global warming enhances atmospheric water-holding capacity and is expected to increase the likelihood of strong floods. In addition, natural climate variability affects the frequency and magnitude of these events on annual to millennial time-scales. Particularly in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, correlations between meteorological variables and hydrological indices suggest significant effects of changing climate boundary conditions on floods. To date, however, understanding of flood responses to changing climate boundary conditions is limited due to the scarcity of hydrological data in space and time. Exploring paleoclimate archives like annually laminated (varved) lake sediments allows to fill this gap in knowledge offering precise dated time-series of flood variability for millennia. During river floods, detrital catchment material is eroded and transported in suspension by fluid turbulence into downstream lakes. In the water body the transport capacity of the inflowing turbidity current successively diminishes leading to the deposition of detrital layers on the lake floor. Intercalated into annual laminations these detrital layers can be dated down to seasonal resolution. Microfacies analyses and X-ray fluorescence scanning (µ-XRF) at 200 µm resolution were conducted on the varved Mid- to Late Holocene interval of two sediment profiles from pre-alpine Lake Ammersee (southern Germany) located in a proximal (AS10prox) and distal (AS10dist) position towards the main tributary River Ammer. To shed light on sediment distribution within the lake, particular emphasis was (1) the detection of intercalated detrital layers and their micro-sedimentological features, and (2) intra-basin correlation of these deposits. Detrital layers were dated down to the season by microscopic varve counting and determination of the microstratigraphic position within a varve. The resulting chronology is verified by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating of 14 terrestrial plant macrofossils. Since ~5500 varve years before present (vyr BP), in total 1573 detrital layers were detected in either one or both of the investigated sediment profiles. Based on their microfacies, geochemistry, and proximal-distal deposition pattern, detrital layers were interpreted as River Ammer flood deposits. Calibration of the flood layer record using instrumental daily River Ammer runoff data from AD 1926 to 1999 proves the flood layer succession to represent a significant time-series of major River Ammer floods in spring and summer, the flood season in the Ammersee region. Flood layer frequency trends are in agreement with decadal variations of the East Atlantic-Western Russia (EA-WR) atmospheric pattern back to 200 yr BP (end of the used atmospheric data) and solar activity back to 5500 vyr BP. Enhanced flood frequency corresponds to the negative EA-WR phase and reduced solar activity. These common links point to a central role of varying large-scale atmospheric circulation over Europe for flood frequency in the Ammersee region and suggest that these atmospheric variations, in turn, are likely modified by solar variability during the past 5500 years. Furthermore, the flood layer record indicates three shifts in mean layer thickness and frequency of different manifestation in both sediment profiles at ~5500, ~2800, and ~500 vyr BP. Combining information from both sediment profiles enabled to interpret these shifts in terms of stepwise increases in mean flood intensity. Likely triggers of these shifts are gradual reduction of Northern Hemisphere orbital summer forcing and long-term solar activity minima. Hypothesized atmospheric response to this forcing is hemispheric cooling that enhances equator-to-pole temperature gradients and potential energy in the troposphere. This energy is transferred into stronger westerly cyclones, more extreme precipitation, and intensified floods at Lake Ammersee. Interpretation of flood layer frequency and thickness data in combination with reanalysis models and time-series analysis allowed to reconstruct the flood history and to decipher flood triggering climate mechanisms in the Ammersee region throughout the past 5500 years. Flood frequency and intensity are not stationary, but influenced by multi-causal climate forcing of large-scale atmospheric modes on time-scales from years to millennia. These results challenge future projections that propose an increase in floods when Earth warms based only on the assumption of an enhanced hydrological cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{DiGesu2012,
  author    = {Di Ges{\`u}, Giacomo},
  title     = {Semiclassical spectral analysis of discrete Witten Laplacians},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65286},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {A discrete analogue of the Witten Laplacian on the n-dimensional integer lattice is considered. After rescaling of the operator and the lattice size we analyze the tunnel effect between different wells, providing sharp asymptotics of the low-lying spectrum. Our proof, inspired by work of B. Helffer, M. Klein and F. Nier in continuous setting, is based on the construction of a discrete Witten complex and a semiclassical analysis of the corresponding discrete Witten Laplacian on 1-forms. The result can be reformulated in terms of metastable Markov processes on the lattice.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lohmann2012,
  author    = {Lohmann, Dirk},
  title     = {Sustainable management of semi-arid African savannas under environmental and political change},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65069},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Drylands cover about 40\% of the earth's land surface and provide the basis for the livelihoods of 38\% of the global human population. Worldwide, these ecosystems are prone to heavy degradation. Increasing levels of dryland degradation result a strong decline of ecosystem services. In addition, in highly variable semi-arid environments changing future environmental conditions will potentially have severe consequences for productivity and ecosystem dynamics. Hence, global efforts have to be made to understand the particular causes and consequences of dryland degradation and to promote sustainable management options for semi-arid and arid ecosystems in a changing world. Here I particularly address the problem of semi-arid savanna degradation, which mostly occurs in form of woody plant encroachment. At this, I aim at finding viable sustainable management strategies and improving the general understanding of semi-arid savanna vegetation dynamics under conditions of extensive livestock production. Moreover, the influence of external forces, i.e. environmental change and land reform, on the use of savanna vegetation and on the ecosystem response to this land use is assessed. Based on this I identify conditions and strategies that facilitate a sustainable use of semi-arid savanna rangelands in a changing world. I extended an eco-hydrological model to simulate rangeland vegetation dynamics for a typical semi-arid savanna in eastern Namibia. In particular, I identified the response of semi-arid savanna vegetation to different land use strategies (including fire management) also with regard to different predicted precipitation, temperature and CO2 regimes. Not only environmental but also economic and political constraints like e.g. land reform programmes are shaping rangeland management strategies. Hence, I aimed at understanding the effects of the ongoing process of land reform in southern Africa on land use and the semi-arid savanna vegetation. Therefore, I developed and implemented an agent-based ecological-economic modelling tool for interactive role plays with land users. This tool was applied in an interdisciplinary empirical study to identify general patterns of management decisions and the between-farm cooperation of land reform beneficiaries in eastern Namibia. The eco-hydrological simulations revealed that the future dynamics of semi-arid savanna vegetation strongly depend on the respective climate change scenario. In particular, I found that the capacity of the system to sustain domestic livestock production will strongly depend on changes in the amount and temporal distribution of precipitation. In addition, my simulations revealed that shrub encroachment will become less likely under future climatic conditions although positive effects of CO2 on woody plant growth and transpiration have been considered. While earlier studies predicted a further increase in shrub encroachment due to increased levels of atmospheric CO2, my contrary finding is based on the negative impacts of temperature increase on the drought sensitive seedling germination and establishment of woody plant species. Further simulation experiments revealed that prescribed fires are an efficient tool for semi-arid rangeland management, since they suppress woody plant seedling establishment. The strategies tested have increased the long term productivity of the savanna in terms of livestock production and decreased the risk for shrub encroachment (i.e. savanna degradation). This finding refutes the views promoted by existing studies, which state that fires are of minor importance for the vegetation dynamics of semi-arid and arid savannas. Again, the difference in predictions is related to the bottleneck at the seedling establishment stage of woody plants, which has not been sufficiently considered in earlier studies. The ecological-economic role plays with Namibian land reform beneficiaries showed that the farmers made their decisions with regard to herd size adjustments according to economic but not according to environmental variables. Hence, they do not manage opportunistically by tracking grass biomass availability but rather apply conservative management strategies with low stocking rates. This implies that under the given circumstances the management of these farmers will not per se cause (or further worsen) the problem of savanna degradation and shrub encroachment due to overgrazing. However, as my results indicate that this management strategy is rather based on high financial pressure, it is not an indicator for successful rangeland management. Rather, farmers struggle hard to make any positive revenue from their farming business and the success of the Namibian land reform is currently disputable. The role-plays also revealed that cooperation between farmers is difficult even though obligatory due to the often small farm sizes. I thus propose that cooperation needs to be facilitated to improve the success of land reform beneficiaries.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ambili2012,
  author    = {Ambili, Anoop},
  title     = {Lake sediments as climate and tectonic archives in the Indian summer monsoon domain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64799},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is one of the largest climate systems on earth and impacts the livelihood of nearly 40\% of the world's population. Despite dedicated efforts, a comprehensive picture of monsoon variability has proved elusive largely due to the absence of long term high resolution records, spatial inhomogeneity of the monsoon precipitation, and the complex forcing mechanisms (solar insolation, internal teleconnections for e.g., El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation, tropical-midlatitude interactions). My work aims to improve the understanding of monsoon variability through generation of long term high resolution palaeoclimate data from climatically sensitive regions in the ISM and westerlies domain. To achieve this aim I have (i) identified proxies (sedimentological, geochemical, isotopic, and mineralogical) that are sensitive to environmental changes; (ii) used the identified proxies to generate long term palaeoclimate data from two climatically sensitive regions, one in NW Himalayas (transitional westerlies and ISM domain in the Spiti valley and one in the core monsoon zone (Lonar lake) in central India); (iii) undertaken a regional overview to generate "snapshots" of selected time slices; and (iv) interpreted the spatial precipitation anomalies in terms of those caused by modern teleconnections. This approach must be considered only as the first step towards identifying the past teleconnections as the boundary conditions in the past were significantly different from today and would have impacted the precipitation anomalies. As the Spiti valley is located in the in the active tectonic orogen of Himalayas, it was essential to understand the role of regional tectonics to make valid interpretations of catchment erosion and detrital influx into the lake. My approach of using integrated structural/morphometric and geomorphic signatures provided clear evidence for active tectonics in this area and demonstrated the suitability of these lacustrine sediments as palaleoseismic archives. The investigations on the lacustrine outcrops in Spiti valley also provided information on changes in seasonality of precipitation and occurrence of frequent and intense periods (ca. 6.8-6.1 cal ka BP) of detrital influx indicating extreme hydrological events in the past. Regional comparison for this time slice indicates a possible extended "break-monsoon like" mode for the monsoon that favors enhanced precipitation over the Tibetan plateau, Himalayas and their foothills. My studies on surface sediments from Lonar lake helped to identify environmentally sensitive proxies which could also be used to interpret palaeodata obtained from a ca. 10m long core raised from the lake in 2008. The core encompasses the entire Holocene and is the first well dated (by 14C) archive from the core monsoon zone of central India. My identification of authigenic evaporite gaylussite crystals within the core sediments provided evidence of exceptionally drier conditions during 4.7-3.9 and 2.0-0.5 cal ka BP. Additionally, isotopic investigations on these crystals provided information on eutrophication, stratification, and carbon cycling processes in the lake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Traeger2012,
  author    = {Traeger, Juliane},
  title     = {Unges{\"a}ttigte Dithioetherliganden : selektive Extraktionsmittel f{\"u}r die Gewinnung von Palladium(II) aus Sekund{\"a}rrohstoffen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64753},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Entwicklung neuer Verfahren f{\"u}r die R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von Palladium aus Altmaterialien, wie gebrauchten Autoabgaskatalysatoren, in den Stoffstromkreislauf ist sowohl aus {\"o}kologischer als auch {\"o}konomischer Sicht erstrebenswert. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig- und Fest-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionsmittel entwickelt, mit denen Palladium(II) aus einer oxidierenden, salzsauren Laugungsl{\"o}sung, die neben Palladium auch Platin und Rhodium sowie zahlreiche unedle Metalle enth{\"a}lt, zur{\"u}ckgewonnen werden kann. Die neuen Extraktionsmittel unges{\"a}ttigte monomere 1,2-Dithioether und oligomere Ligandenmischungen mit vicinalen Dithioether-Einheiten - sind im Gegensatz zu vielen in der Literatur aufgef{\"u}hrten Extraktionsmitteln hochselektiv. Aufgrund ihrer geometrischen und elektronischen Pr{\"a}organisation bilden sie mit Palladium(II) stabile quadratisch-planare Chelatkomplexe. F{\"u}r die Entwicklung des Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionsmittels wurde eine Reihe von unges{\"a}ttigten 1,2-Dithioetherliganden dargestellt, welche auf einer starren 1,2-Dithioethen-Einheit, die in ein variierendes elektronenziehendes Grundger{\"u}st eingebettet ist, basieren und polare Seitenketten besitzen. Neben der Bestimmung der Kristallstrukturen der Liganden und ihrer Palladiumdichlorid-Komplexe wurden die elektro- und photochemischen Eigenschaften, die Komplexstabilit{\"a}t und das Verhalten in L{\"o}sung untersucht. In Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionsuntersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass einige der neuen Liganden industriell genutzten Extraktionsmitteln durch eine schnellere Einstellung des Extraktionsgleichgewichts {\"u}berlegen sind. Anhand von Kriterien, die f{\"u}r eine industrielle Nutzbarkeit entscheidend sind, wie: guter Oxidationsbest{\"a}ndigkeit, einer hohen Extraktionsausbeute (auch bei hohen Salzs{\"a}urekonzentrationen der Speisel{\"o}sung), schneller Extraktionskinetik und einer hohen Selektivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Palladium(II) wurde aus der Reihe der sechs Liganden ein geeignetes Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionsmittel ausgew{\"a}hlt: 1,2-Bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzen. Mit diesem wurde ein praxisnahes Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionssystem entwickelt. Nach der schrittweisen Adaption der w{\"a}ssrigen Phase von einer Modelll{\"o}sung hin zu der oxidierenden, salzsauren Laugungsl{\"o}sung erfolgte die Auswahl eines geeigneten großtechnisch, einsetzbaren L{\"o}semittels (1,2-Dichlorbenzen) und eines effizienten Reextraktionsmittels (0,5 M Thioharnstoff in 0,1 M HCl). Die hohe Palladium(II)-Selektivit{\"a}t dieses Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionssystems konnte verifiziert und seine Wiederverwendbarkeit und Praxistauglichkeit unter Beweis gestellt werden. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass sich beim Kontakt mit oxidierenden Medien aus dem Dithioether 1,2-Bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzen geringe Mengen des Thioethersulfoxids 1-(2-Methoxyethylsulfinyl)-2-(2-methoxyethylthio)benzen bilden. Dieses wird im sauren Milieu protoniert und beschleunigt die Extraktion wie ein Phasentransferkatalysator, ohne jedoch die Palladium(II)-Selektivit{\"a}t herabzusetzen. Die Kristallstruktur des Palladiumdichlorid-Komplexes des Tioethersulfoxids zeigt, dass der unprotonierte Ligand Palladium(II), analog zum Dithioether, {\"u}ber die chelatisierenden Schwefelatome koordiniert. Verschiedene Mischungen von Oligo(dithioether)-Liganden und der monomere Ligand 1,2-Bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzen dienten als Extraktionsmittel f{\"u}r Fest-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktionsversuche mit SIRs (solvent impregnated resins) und wurden zu diesem Zweck auf hydrophilem Kieselgel und organophilem Amberlite® XAD 2 adsorbiert. Die Oligo(dithioether)-Liganden basieren auf 1,2-Dithiobenzen oder 1,2-Dithiomaleonitril-Einheiten, welche {\"u}ber Tris(oxyethylen)ethylen- oder Trimethylen-Br{\"u}cken miteinander verkn{\"u}pft sind. Mit Hilfe von Batch-Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich strukturelle Unterschiede - wie die Art der chelatisierenden Einheit, die Art der verbr{\"u}ckenden Ketten und das Tr{\"a}germaterial - auf die Extraktionsausbeuten, die Extraktionskinetik und die Beladungskapazit{\"a}t auswirken. Die kieselgelhaltigen SIRs stellen das Extraktionsgleichgewicht viel schneller ein als die Amberlite® XAD 2-haltigen. Jedoch bleiben die Extraktionsmittel auf Amberlite® XAD 2, im Gegensatz zu Kieselgel, dauerhaft haften. Im salzsauren Milieu sind die 1,2-Dithiobenzen-derivate besser als Extraktionsmittel geeignet als die 1,2-Dithiomaleonitrilderivate. In S{\"a}ulenversuchen mit der oxidierenden, salzsauren Laugungsl{\"o}sung und wiederverwendbaren, mit 1,2-Dithiobenzenderivaten impr{\"a}gnierten, Amberlite® XAD 2-haltigen SIRs zeigte sich, dass f{\"u}r die Realisierung hoher Beladungskapazit{\"a}ten sehr geringe Pumpraten ben{\"o}tigt werden. Trotzdem konnte die gute Palladium(II)-Selektivit{\"a}t dieser Festphasenmaterialien demonstriert werden. Allerdings wurden in den Eluaten im Gegensatz zu den Eluaten, die aus Fl{\"u}ssig-Fl{\"u}ssig-Extraktion resultierten neben dem Palladium auch geringe Mengen an Platin, Aluminium, Eisen und Blei gefunden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fechler2012,
  author    = {Fechler, Nina},
  title     = {Salts as highly diverse porogens : functional ionic liquid-derived carbons and carbon-based composites for energy-related applications},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64775},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The present thesis is to be brought into line with the current need for alternative and sustainable approaches toward energy management and materials design. In this context, carbon in particular has become the material of choice in many fields such as energy conversion and storage. Herein, three main topics are covered: 1)An alternative synthesis strategy toward highly porous functional carbons with tunable porosity using ordinary salts as porogen (denoted as "salt templating") 2)The one-pot synthesis of porous metal nitride containing functional carbon composites 3)The combination of both approaches, enabling the generation of highly porous composites with finely tunable properties All approaches have in common that they are based on the utilization of ionic liquids, salts which are liquid below 100 °C, as precursors. Just recently, ionic liquids were shown to be versatile precursors for the generation of heteroatom-doped carbons since the liquid state and a negligible vapor pressure are highly advantageous properties. However, in most cases the products do not possess any porosity which is essential for many applications. In the first part, "salt templating", the utilization of salts as diverse and sustainable porogens, is introduced. Exemplarily shown for ionic liquid derived nitrogen- and nitrogen-boron-co-doped carbons, the control of the porosity and morphology on the nanometer scale by salt templating is presented. The studies within this thesis were conducted with the ionic liquids 1-Butyl-3-methyl-pyridinium dicyanamide (Bmp-dca), 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide (Emim-dca) and 1 Ethyl 3-methyl-imidazolium tetracyanoborate (Emim-tcb). The materials are generated through thermal treatment of precursor mixtures containing one of the ionic liquids and a porogen salt. By simple removal of the non-carbonizable template salt with water, functional graphitic carbons with pore sizes ranging from micro- to mesoporous and surface areas up to 2000 m2g-1 are obtained. The carbon morphologies, which presumably originate from different onsets of demixing, mainly depend on the nature of the porogen salt whereas the nature of the ionic liquid plays a minor role. Thus, a structural effect of the porogen salt rather than activation can be assumed. This offers an alternative to conventional activation and templating methods, enabling to avoid multiple-step and energy-consuming synthesis pathways as well as employment of hazardous chemicals for the template removal. The composition of the carbons can be altered via the heat-treatment procedure, thus at lower synthesis temperatures rather polymeric carbonaceous materials with a high degree of functional groups and high surface areas are accessible. First results suggest the suitability of the materials for CO2 utilization. In order to further illustrate the potential of ionic liquids as carbon precursors and to expand the class of carbons which can be obtained, the ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate (Emim-scn) is introduced for the generation of nitrogen-sulfur-co-doped carbons in combination with the already studied ionic liquids Bmp-dca and Emim-dca. Here, the salt templating approach should also be applicable eventually further illustrating the potential of salt templating, too. In the second part, a one-pot and template-free synthesis approach toward inherently porous metal nitride nanoparticle containing nitrogen-doped carbon composites is presented. Since ionic liquids also offer outstanding solubility properties, the materials can be generated through the carbonization of homogeneous solutions of an ionic liquid acting as nitrogen as well as carbon source and the respective metal precursor. The metal content and surface area are easily tunable via the initial metal precursor amount. Furthermore, it is also possible to synthesize composites with ternary nitride nanoparticles whose composition is adjustable by the metal ratio in the precursor solution. Finally, both approaches are combined into salt templating of the one-pot composites. This opens the way to the one-step synthesis of composites with tunable composition, particle size as well as precisely controllable porosity and morphology. Thereby, common synthesis strategies where the product composition is often negatively affected by the template removal procedure can be avoided. The composites are further shown to be suitable as electrodes for supercapacitors. Here, different properties such as porosity, metal content and particle size are investigated and discussed with respect to their influence on the energy storage performance. Because a variety of ionic liquids, metal precursors and salts can be combined and a simple closed-loop process including salt recycling is imaginable, the approaches present a promising platform toward sustainable materials design.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Finzel2012,
  author    = {Finzel, Anna Magdalena},
  title     = {English in the linguistic landscape of Hong Kong : a case study of shop signs and linguistic competence},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64125},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Especially for the last twenty years, the studies of Linguistic Landscapes (LLs) have been gaining the status as an autonomous linguistic discipline. The LL of a (mostly) geographically limited area - which consists of e.g. billboards, posters, shop signs, material for election campaigns, etc. - gives deep insights into the presence or absence of languages in that particular area. Thus, LL not only allows to conclude from the presence of a language to its dominance, but also from its absence to the oppression of minorities, above all in areas where minority languages should - demographically seen - be visible. The LLs of big cities are fruitful research areas due to the mass of linguistic data. The first part of this paper deals with the theoretical and practical research that has been conducted in LL studies so far. A summary of the theory, methodologies and different approaches is given. In the second part I apply the theoretical basis to my own case study. For this, the LLs of two shopping streets in different areas of Hong Kong were examined in 2010. It seems likely that the linguistic competence of English must be rather high in Hong Kong, due to the long-lasting influence of British culture and mentality and the official status of the language. The case study's results are based on empirical data showing the objectively visible presence of English in both examined areas, as well as on two surveys. Those were conducted both openly and anonymously. The surveys are a reinsurance measuring the level of linguistic competence of English in Hong Kong. That level was defined before by an analysis of the LL. Hence, this case study is a new approach to LL analysis which does not end with the description of its material composition (as have done most studies before), but which rather includes its creators by asking in what way people's actual linguistic competence is reflected in Hong Kong's LL.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Waha2012,
  author    = {Waha, Katharina},
  title     = {Climate change impacts on agricultural vegetation in sub-Saharan Africa},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64717},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Agriculture is one of the most important human activities providing food and more agricultural goods for seven billion people around the world and is of special importance in sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of people depends on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods and will suffer from negative climate change impacts on agriculture until the middle and end of the 21st century, even more if weak governments, economic crises or violent conflicts endanger the countries' food security. The impact of temperature increases and changing precipitation patterns on agricultural vegetation motivated this thesis in the first place. Analyzing the potentials of reducing negative climate change impacts by adapting crop management to changing climate is a second objective of the thesis. As a precondition for simulating climate change impacts on agricultural crops with a global crop model first the timing of sowing in the tropics was improved and validated as this is an important factor determining the length and timing of the crops´ development phases, the occurrence of water stress and final crop yield. Crop yields are projected to decline in most regions which is evident from the results of this thesis, but the uncertainties that exist in climate projections and in the efficiency of adaptation options because of political, economical or institutional obstacles have to be considered. The effect of temperature increases and changing precipitation patterns on crop yields can be analyzed separately and varies in space across the continent. Southern Africa is clearly the region most susceptible to climate change, especially to precipitation changes. The Sahel north of 13° N and parts of Eastern Africa with short growing seasons below 120 days and limited wet season precipitation of less than 500 mm are also vulnerable to precipitation changes while in most other part of East and Central Africa, in contrast, the effect of temperature increase on crops overbalances the precipitation effect and is most pronounced in a band stretching from Angola to Ethiopia in the 2060s. The results of this thesis confirm the findings from previous studies on the magnitude of climate change impact on crops in sub-Saharan Africa but beyond that helps to understand the drivers of these changes and the potential of certain management strategies for adaptation in more detail. Crop yield changes depend on the initial growing conditions, on the magnitude of climate change, and on the crop, cropping system and adaptive capacity of African farmers which is only now evident from this comprehensive study for sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore this study improves the representation of tropical cropping systems in a global crop model and considers the major food crops cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa and climate change impacts throughout the continent.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ghani2012,
  author    = {Ghani, Fatemeh},
  title     = {Nucleation and growth of unsubstituted metal phthalocyanine films from solution on planar substrates},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64699},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Organic solar cells (OSC) are interesting as low cost alternative to conventional solar cells. Unsubstituted Metal-phthalocyanines (Pc) are excellent electron donating molecules for heterojunction OSC. Usually organic solar cells with Pcs are produced by vapor deposition, although solution based deposition (like spin casting) is cheaper and offers more possibilities to control the structure of the film. With solution based deposition several parameters (like temperature, solvent and etc.) affect the self-organized structure formation via nucleation and growth. The reason why vapor deposition is typically used is the poor solubility of the metal-phthalocyanines in most common solvents. Furthermore the process of nucleation and growth of Pc aggregates from solution is not well understood. For preparation of Pc films from solution, it is necessary to find the appropriate solvents, assess the solution deposition techniques, such as dip coating, and spin casting. It is necessary to understand the nucleation and growth process for aggregation/precipitation and to use this knowledge to produce nanostructures appropriate for OSC. This is important because the nanostructure of the films determines their performance. In this thesis, optical absorption and the stability of 8 different unsubstituted metal Pc's were studied quantitatively in 28 different solvents. Among the several solution based deposited thin films produced based on this study, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is chosen as a model system for an in-depth study. CuPc has sufficient solubility and stability in TFA and upon solution processing forms appropriate structures for OSCs. CuPc molecules aggregate into layers of nanoribbons with a thickness of ~ 1 nm and an adjustable width and length. The morphology and the number of deposited layers in the thin films are controlled by different parameters, like temperature and solution concentration. Material properties of CuPc deposited from TFA are studied in detail via x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphology of the dried film. The mechanism of the formation of CuPc nanoribbons from spin casted CuPc/TFA solution in ambient temperature is investigated and explained. The parameters (e.g. solution concentration profile) governing nucleation and growth are calculated based on the spin casting theory of a binary mixture of a nonvolatile solute and evaporative solvent. Based on this and intermolecular interactions between CuPc and substrate a nucleation and growth model is developed explaining the aggregation of CuPc in a supersaturated TFA solution. Finally, a solution processed thin film of CuPc is applied as a donor layer in a functioning bilayer heterojunction OSC and the influence of the structure on OSC performance is studied.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Seibel2012,
  author    = {Seibel, Andreas},
  title     = {Traceability and model management with executable and dynamic hierarchical megamodels},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64222},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Nowadays, model-driven engineering (MDE) promises to ease software development by decreasing the inherent complexity of classical software development. In order to deliver on this promise, MDE increases the level of abstraction and automation, through a consideration of domain-specific models (DSMs) and model operations (e.g. model transformations or code generations). DSMs conform to domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs), which increase the level of abstraction, and model operations are first-class entities of software development because they increase the level of automation. Nevertheless, MDE has to deal with at least two new dimensions of complexity, which are basically caused by the increased linguistic and technological heterogeneity. The first dimension of complexity is setting up an MDE environment, an activity comprised of the implementation or selection of DSMLs and model operations. Setting up an MDE environment is both time-consuming and error-prone because of the implementation or adaptation of model operations. The second dimension of complexity is concerned with applying MDE for actual software development. Applying MDE is challenging because a collection of DSMs, which conform to potentially heterogeneous DSMLs, are required to completely specify a complex software system. A single DSML can only be used to describe a specific aspect of a software system at a certain level of abstraction and from a certain perspective. Additionally, DSMs are usually not independent but instead have inherent interdependencies, reflecting (partial) similar aspects of a software system at different levels of abstraction or from different perspectives. A subset of these dependencies are applications of various model operations, which are necessary to keep the degree of automation high. This becomes even worse when addressing the first dimension of complexity. Due to continuous changes, all kinds of dependencies, including the applications of model operations, must also be managed continuously. This comprises maintaining the existence of these dependencies and the appropriate (re-)application of model operations. The contribution of this thesis is an approach that combines traceability and model management to address the aforementioned challenges of configuring and applying MDE for software development. The approach is considered as a traceability approach because it supports capturing and automatically maintaining dependencies between DSMs. The approach is considered as a model management approach because it supports managing the automated (re-)application of heterogeneous model operations. In addition, the approach is considered as a comprehensive model management. Since the decomposition of model operations is encouraged to alleviate the first dimension of complexity, the subsequent composition of model operations is required to counteract their fragmentation. A significant portion of this thesis concerns itself with providing a method for the specification of decoupled yet still highly cohesive complex compositions of heterogeneous model operations. The approach supports two different kinds of compositions - data-flow compositions and context compositions. Data-flow composition is used to define a network of heterogeneous model operations coupled by sharing input and output DSMs alone. Context composition is related to a concept used in declarative model transformation approaches to compose individual model transformation rules (units) at any level of detail. In this thesis, context composition provides the ability to use a collection of dependencies as context for the composition of other dependencies, including model operations. In addition, the actual implementation of model operations, which are going to be composed, do not need to implement any composition concerns. The approach is realized by means of a formalism called an executable and dynamic hierarchical megamodel, based on the original idea of megamodels. This formalism supports specifying compositions of dependencies (traceability and model operations). On top of this formalism, traceability is realized by means of a localization concept, and model management by means of an execution concept.},
  language  = {en}
}