@article{GuentherSchueleZurelletal.2023,
  author    = {G{\"u}nther, Oliver and Sch{\"u}le, Manja and Zurell, Damaris and Jeltsch, Florian and Roeleke, Manuel and Kampe, Heike and Zimmermann, Matthias and Scholz, Jana and Engbert, Ralf and Elsner, Birgit and Schlangen, David and Agrofylax, Luisa and Georgi, Doreen and Weymar, Mathias and Wagener, Thorsten and Bookhagen, Bodo and Eibl, Eva P. S. and Korup, Oliver and Oswald, Sascha and Thieken, Annegret and van der Beek, Peter},
  title     = {Portal Wissen = Exzellenz},
  series = {Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  journal   = {Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  number    = {02/2023},
  issn      = {2194-4245},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61144},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611440},
  pages     = {98},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Was nicht nur gut oder sehr gut ist, nennen wir gern exzellent. Aber was meint das eigentlich? Vom lateinischen „excellere" kommend, beschreibt es Dinge, Personen oder Handlungen, die „hervor-" oder „herausragen" aus der Menge, sich „auszeichnen" gegen{\"u}ber anderen. Mehr geht nicht. Exzellenz ist das Mittel der Wahl, wenn es darum geht, der Erste oder Beste zu sein. Und das macht auch vor der Forschung nicht halt. Wer auf die Universit{\"a}t Potsdam schaut, findet zahlreiche ausgezeichnete Forschende, hervorragende Projekte und immer wieder auch aufsehenerregende Erkenntnisse, Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen und Ergebnisse. Aber ist die UP auch exzellent? Eine Frage, die 2023 ganz sicher andere Wellen schl{\"a}gt als vielleicht vor 20 Jahren. Denn seit dem Start der Exzellenzinitiative 2005 gelten als - w{\"o}rtlich - exzellent jene Hochschulen, denen es gelingt, in dem umfangreichsten F{\"o}rderprogramm f{\"u}r Wissenschaft in Deutschland einen Zuschlag zu erhalten. Egal ob in Form von Graduiertenschulen, Forschungsclustern oder - seit Fortsetzung des Programms ab 2019 unter dem Titel „Exzellenzstrategie" - ganzen Exzellenzuniversit{\"a}ten: Wer im Kreis der Forschungsuniversit{\"a}ten zu den Besten geh{\"o}ren will, braucht das Siegel der Exzellenz. In der gerade eingel{\"a}uteten neuen Wettbewerbsrunde der „Exzellenzstrategie des Bundes und der L{\"a}nder" bewirbt sich die Universit{\"a}t Potsdam mit drei Clusterskizzen um F{\"o}rderung. Ein Antrag kommt aus der {\"O}kologie- und Biodiversit{\"a}tsforschung. Ziel ist es, ein komplexes Bild {\"o}kologischer Prozesse zu zeichnen - und dabei die Rolle von einzelnen Individuen ebenso zu betrachten wie das Zusammenwirken vieler Arten in einem {\"O}kosystem, um die Funktion der Artenvielfalt genauer zu bestimmen. Eine zweite Skizze haben die Kognitionswissenschaften eingereicht. Hier soll das komplexe Nebeneinander von Sprache und Kognition, Entwicklung und Lernen sowie Motivation und Verhalten als dynamisches Miteinander erforscht werden - wobei auch mit den Erziehungswissenschaften kooperiert wird, um verkn{\"u}pfte Lernund Bildungsprozesse stets mitzudenken. Der dritte Antrag aus den Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften nimmt extreme und besonders folgenschwere Naturgefahren und -prozesse wie {\"U}berschwemmungen und D{\"u}rren in den Blick. Die Forschenden untersuchen die Extremereignisse mit besonderem Fokus auf deren Wechselwirkung mit der Gesellschaft, um mit ihnen einhergehende Risiken und Sch{\"a}den besser einsch{\"a}tzen sowie k{\"u}nftig rechtzeitig Maßnahmen einleiten zu k{\"o}nnen. „Alle drei Antr{\"a}ge zeichnen ein hervorragendes Bild unserer Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit", betont der Pr{\"a}sident der Universit{\"a}t, Prof. Oliver G{\"u}nther, Ph.D. „Die Skizzen dokumentieren eindrucksvoll unser Engagement, vorhandene Forschungsexzellenz sowie die Potenziale der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam insgesamt. Allein die Tatsache, dass sich drei schlagkr{\"a}ftige Konsortien in ganz unterschiedlichen Themenbereichen zusammengefunden haben, zeigt, dass wir auf unserem Weg in die Spitzengruppe der deutschen Universit{\"a}ten einen guten Schritt vorangekommen sind." In diesem Heft schauen wir, was sich in und hinter diesen Antr{\"a}gen verbirgt: Wir haben mit den Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern gesprochen, die sie geschrieben haben, und sie gefragt, was sie sich vornehmen, sollten sie den Zuschlag erhalten und ein Cluster an die Universit{\"a}t holen. Wir haben aber auch auf die Forschung geschaut, die zu den Antr{\"a}gen gef{\"u}hrt hat und die schon l{\"a}nger das Profil der Universit{\"a}t pr{\"a}gt und ihr national wie international Anerkennung eingebracht hat. Wir stellen eine kleine Auswahl an Projekten, Methoden und Forschenden vor, um zu zeigen, warum in diesen Antr{\"a}gen tats{\"a}chlich exzellente Forschung steckt! {\"U}brigens: Auch „Exzellenz" ist nicht das Ende der Fahnenstange. Immerhin l{\"a}sst sich das Adjektiv exzellent sogar steigern. In diesem Sinne w{\"u}nschen wir exzellentestes Vergn{\"u}gen beim Lesen!},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GuentherSchueleZurelletal.2023,
  author    = {G{\"u}nther, Oliver and Sch{\"u}le, Manja and Zurell, Damaris and Jeltsch, Florian and Roeleke, Manuel and Kampe, Heike and Zimmermann, Matthias and Scholz, Jana and Mikulla, Stefanie and Engbert, Ralf and Elsner, Birgit and Schlangen, David and Agrofylax, Luisa and Georgi, Doreen and Weymar, Mathias and Wagener, Thorsten and Bookhagen, Bodo and Eibl, Eva P. S. and Korup, Oliver and Oswald, Sascha and Thieken, Annegret and van der Beek, Peter},
  title     = {Portal Wissen = Excellence},
  series = {Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam},
  journal   = {Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam},
  number    = {02/2023},
  issn      = {2198-9974},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61145},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611456},
  pages     = {58},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {When something is not just good or very good, we often call it excellent. But what does that really mean? Coming from the Latin word "excellere," it describes things, persons, or actions that are outstanding or superior and distinguish themselves from others. It cannot get any better. Excellence is the top choice for being the first or the best. Research is no exception. At the university, you will find numerous exceptional researchers, outstanding projects, and, time and again, sensational findings, publications, and results. But is the University of Potsdam also excellent? A question that will certainly create a different stir in 2023 than it did perhaps 20 years ago. Since the launch of the Excellence Initiative in 2005, universities that succeed in winning the most comprehensive funding program for research in Germany have been considered - literally - excellent. Whether in the form of graduate schools, research clusters, or - since the program was continued in 2019 under the title "Excellence Strategy" - entire universities of excellence: Anyone who wants to be among the best research universities needs the seal of excellence. The University of Potsdam is applying for funding with three cluster proposals in the recently launched new round of the "Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments." One proposal comes from ecology and biodiversity research. The aim is to paint a comprehensive picture of ecological processes by examining the role of single individuals as well as the interactions among many species in an ecosystem to precisely determine the function of biodiversity. A second proposal has been submitted by the cognitive sciences. Here, the complex coexistence of language and cognition, development and learning, as well as motivation and behavior will be researched as a dynamic interrelation. The projects will include cooperation with the educational sciences to constantly consider linked learning and educational processes. The third proposal from the geo and environmental sciences concentrates on extreme and particularly devastating natural hazards and processes such as floods and droughts. The researchers examine these extreme events, focusing on their interaction with society, to be able to better assess the risks and damages they might involve and to initiate timely measures in the future. "All three proposals highlight the excellence of our performance," emphasizes University President Prof. Oliver G{\"u}nther, Ph.D. "The outlines impressively document our commitment, existing research excellence, and the potential of the University of Potsdam as a whole. The fact that three powerful consortia have come together in different subject areas shows that we have taken a good step forward on our way to becoming one of the top German universities." In this issue, we are looking at what is in and behind these proposals: We talked to the researchers who wrote them. We asked them about their plans in case their proposals are successful and they bring a cluster of excellence to the university. But we also looked at the research that has led to the proposals, has long shaped the university's profile, and earned it national and international recognition. We present a small selection of projects, methods, and researchers to illustrate why there really is excellent research in these proposals! By the way, "excellence" is also not the end of the flagpole. After all, the adjective "excellent" even has a comparative and a superlative. With this in mind, I wish you the most excellent pleasure reading this issue!},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiegThieken2022,
  author    = {Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Improving flood impact estimations},
  series = {Environmental research letters},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Environmental research letters},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1748-9326},
  doi       = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac6d6c},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A reliable estimation of flood impacts enables meaningful flood risk management and rapid assessments of flood impacts shortly after a flood. The flood in 2021 in Central Europe and the analysis of its impacts revealed that these estimations are still inadequate. Therefore, we investigate the influence of different data sets and methods aiming to improve flood impact estimates. We estimated economic flood impacts to private households and companies for a flood event in 2013 in Germany using (a) two different flood maps, (b) two approaches to map exposed objects based on OpenStreetMap and the Basic European Asset Map, (c) two different approaches to estimate asset values, and (d) tree-based models and Stage-Damage-Functions to describe the vulnerability. At the macro scale, water masks lead to reasonable impact estimations. At the micro and meso-scale, the identification of affected objects by means of water masks is insufficient leading to unreliable estimations. The choice of exposure data sets is most influential on the estimations. We find that reliable impact estimations are feasible with reported numbers of flood-affected objects from the municipalities. We conclude that more effort should be put in the investigation of different exposure data sets and the estimation of asset values. Furthermore, we recommend the establishment of a reporting system in the municipalities for a fast identification of flood-affected objects shortly after an event.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThiekenMohorKreibichetal.2022,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna and Kreibich, Heidi and M{\"u}ller, Meike},
  title     = {Compound inland flood events},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-165-2022},
  pages     = {165 -- 185},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Several severe flood events hit Germany in recent years, with events in 2013 and 2016 being the most destructive ones, although dynamics and flood processes were very different. While the 2013 event was a slowly rising widespread fluvial flood accompanied by some severe dike breaches, the events in 2016 were fast-onset pluvial floods, which resulted in surface water flooding in some places due to limited capacities of the drainage systems and in destructive flash floods with high sediment loads and clogging in others, particularly in small steep catchments. Hence, different pathways, i.e. different routes that the water takes to reach (and potentially damage) receptors, in our case private households, can be identified in both events. They can thus be regarded as spatially compound flood events or compound inland floods. This paper analyses how differently affected residents coped with these different flood types (fluvial and pluvial) and their impacts while accounting for the different pathways (river flood, dike breach, surface water flooding and flash flood) within the compound events. The analyses are based on two data sets with 1652 (for the 2013 flood) and 601 (for the 2016 flood) affected residents who were surveyed around 9 months after each flood, revealing little socio-economic differences - except for income - between the two samples. The four pathways showed significant differences with regard to their hydraulic and financial impacts, recovery, warning processes, and coping and adaptive behaviour. There are just small differences with regard to perceived self-efficacy and responsibility, offering entry points for tailored risk communication and support to improve property-level adaptation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany},
  series = {Frontiers in water},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.932061},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany},
  series = {Frontiers in Water},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.932061},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VorogushynApelKemteretal.2022,
  author    = {Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Apel, Heiko and Kemter, Matthias and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Analyse der Hochwassergef{\"a}hrdung im Ahrtal unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung historischer Hochwasser},
  series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
  address   = {Koblenz},
  issn      = {1439-1783},
  doi       = {10.5675/HyWa_2022.5_2},
  pages     = {244 -- 254},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The flood disaster in July 2021 in western Germany calls for a critical discussion on flood hazard assessment, revision of flood hazard maps and communication of extreme flood scenarios. In the presented work, extreme value analysis was carried out for annual maximum peak flow series at the Altenahr gauge on the river Ahr. We compared flood statistics with and without considering historical flood events. An estimate for the return period of the recent flood based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution considering historical floods ranges between about 2600 and above 58700 years (90\% confidence interval) with a median of approximately 8600 years, whereas an estimate based on the 74-year long systematically recorded flow series would theoretically exceed 100 million years. Consideration of historical floods dramatically changes the flood quantiles that are used for the generation of official flood hazard maps. The fitting of the GEV to the time series with historical floods reveals, however, that the model potentially inadequately reflects the flood population. In this case, we might face a mixed sample, in which extreme floods result from very different processes compared to smaller floods. Hence, the probabilities of extreme floods could be much larger than those resulting from a single GEV model. The application of a process-based mixed flood distribution should be explored in future work. <br /> The comparison of the official HQextrem flood maps for the AhrValley with the inundation areas from July 2021 shows a striking discrepancy in the affected areas and calls for revision of design values used to define extreme flood scenarios. The hydrodynamic simulations of a 1000-year return period flood considering historical events and of the 1804 flood scenario compare much better to the flooded areas from July 2021, though both scenarios still underestimated the flood extent. <br /> Particular effects such as clogging of bridges and geomorphological changes of the river channel led to considerably larger flooded areas in July 2021 compared to the simulation results. Based on this analysis, we call for a consistent definition of HQextrem for flood hazard mapping in Germany, and suggest using high flood quantiles in the range of a 1,000-year flood. Flood maps should additionally include model-based reconstructions of the largest, reliably documented historical floods and/or synthetic worst-case scenarios. This would be an important step towards protecting potentially affected population and disaster management from surprises due to very rare and extreme flood events in future.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {The presence of moral hazard regarding flood insurance and German private businesses},
  series = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  volume    = {112},
  journal   = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0921-030X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11069-022-05227-9},
  pages     = {1295 -- 1319},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There is a movement towards the concepts of integrated flood risk management and governance. In these concepts, each stakeholder prone to flooding is tasked with actively limiting flood impacts. Currently, relatively more research has focused upon the adaptation of private households and not on private businesses operating in flood-prone areas. This paper offers an extension of this literature on business-level flood adaptation by exploring the potential presence of moral hazard. The analyses are based on survey data collected in the aftermath of six floods across Germany between 2002 and 2013 to provide a first indication of the presence of moral hazard in private businesses. Moral hazard is where increased insurance coverage results in policyholders preparing less, increasing the risk they face, a counterproductive outcome. We present an initial study of moral hazard occurring through three channels: the performance of emergency measures during a flood, changes in precautionary behavior employed before a given flood occurred, and changes in the intention to employ additional precautionary measures after a flood. We find, much like for private households, no strong indication that moral hazard is present regarding past adaptation. However, there is a potential avenue after 2005 for insurance coverage to lower businesses' intentions to employ more adaptation measures after a flood. This has significant policy relevance such as opportunities for strengthening the link between insurance and risk reduction measures and boosting insurance coverage against flooding in general.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{HuberMiechielsenOttoetal.2022,
  author    = {Huber, Bettina and Miechielsen, Milena and Otto, Antje and Schmidt, Katja and Ullrich, Susann and Deppermann, Lara-Helene and Eckersley, Peter and Haupt, Wolfgang and Heidenreich, Anna and Kern, Kristine and Lipp, Torsten and Neumann, Nina and Schneider, Philipp and Sterzel, Till and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Instrumente und Maßnahmen der kommunalen Klimaanpassung},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56345},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563456},
  pages     = {XVII, 135},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {St{\"a}dte sind aufgrund ihrer Agglomeration von Bev{\"o}lkerung, Sachwerten und Infrastrukturen in besonderem Maße von extremen Wetterereignissen wie Starkregen und Hitze betroffen. Zahlreiche {\"U}berflutungsereignisse infolge von Starkregen traten in den letzten Jahren in verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands auf und f{\"u}hrten nicht nur zu Sch{\"a}den in zwei- bis dreistelliger Millionenh{\"o}he, sondern auch zu Todesopfern. Und auch Hitzewellen, wie sie in den vergangenen Jahren vermehrt aufgetreten sind, bergen gesundheitliche Risiken, welche sich auch in verschiedenen Sch{\"a}tzungen zu Hitzetodesf{\"a}llen wiederfinden. Um diesen Risiken zu begegnen und Sch{\"a}den infolge von Wetterextremen zu reduzieren, entwickeln viele Kommunen bereits Strategien und Konzepte im Kontext der Klimaanpassung und/oder setzen Anpassungsmaßnahmen um. Neben der Entwicklung und Umsetzung eigener Ideen orientieren sich St{\"a}dte dabei u. a. an Leitf{\"a}den und Beispielen aus der Literatur, Erfahrungen aus anderen St{\"a}dten oder an Ergebnissen aus Forschungsprojekten. Dieser Lern- und Transferprozess, der eine {\"U}bertragung von Maßnahmen oder Instrumenten der Klimaanpassung von einem Ort auf einen anderen beinhaltet, ist bislang noch unzureichend erforscht und verstanden. Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht deshalb ebendiesen Lern- und Transferprozess zwischen sowie innerhalb von St{\"a}dten sowie das Transferpotenzial konkreter Wissenstransfer-Medien, Instrumente und Maßnahmen. Damit wird das Ziel verfolgt, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis dieser Prozesse zu entwickeln und einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Transfers von kommunalen Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu leisten. Der vorliegende Inhalt baut dabei auf einer vorangegangenen Analyse des Forschungsstands zum Transfer von Policies durch Haupt et al. (2021) auf und versucht, den bereits generierten Wissensstand auf der Ebene von Policies nun um die Ebene konkreter Instrumente und Maßnahmen zu erg{\"a}nzen sowie durch empirische Befunde zu ausgew{\"a}hlten Maßnahmen zu untermauern. Die Wissens- und Datengrundlage dieses Berichts umfasst einen Mix aus verschiedenen (Online)-Befragungen und Interviews mit Vertreter:innen relevanter Akteursgruppen, vor allem Vertreter:innen von Stadtverwaltungen, sowie den Erfahrungswerten der drei ExTrass-Fallstudienst{\"a}dte Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg. Nach einer Einleitung besch{\"a}ftigt sich Kapitel 2 mit {\"u}bergeordneten Faktoren der {\"U}bertragbarkeit bzw. des Transfers. Kapitel 2.1 bietet hierbei eine Zusammenfassung zum aktuellen Wissensstand hinsichtlich des Transfers von Policies im Bereich der st{\"a}dtischen Klimapolitik gem{\"a}ß Haupt et al. (2021). Hier werden zentrale Kriterien f{\"u}r einen erfolgreichen Transfer herausgearbeitet, um einen Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkt f{\"u}r die folgenden Inhalte und empirischen Befunde auf der Ebene konkreter Instrumente und Maßnahmen zu bieten. Kapitel 2.2 schließt hieran an und pr{\"a}sentiert Erkenntnisse aus einer weitreichenden Kommunalbefragung. Hierbei wurde untersucht ob und welche Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen in den St{\"a}dten bereits umgesetzt werden, welche f{\"o}rdernden und hemmenden Aspekte es dabei gibt und welche Erfahrungen beim Transfer von Wissen und Ideen bereits vorliegen. Kapitel 3 untersucht die Rolle verschiedener Medien des Wissenstransfers und widmet sich dabei beispielhaft Leitf{\"a}den zur Klimaanpassung und Maßnahmensteckbriefen. Kapitel 3.1 beantwortet dabei Fragen nach der Relevanz und Zug{\"a}nglichkeit von Leitf{\"a}den, deren St{\"a}rken und Schw{\"a}chen, sowie konkreten Anforderungen vonseiten befragter Personen. Außerdem werden acht ausgew{\"a}hlte Leitf{\"a}den vorgestellt und komprimiert auf ihre Transferpotenziale hin eingesch{\"a}tzt. Kapitel 3.2 betrachtet Maßnahmensteckbriefe als Medien des Wissenstransfers und arbeitet zentrale Aspekte f{\"u}r einen praxisrelevanten inhaltlichen Aufbau heraus, um basierend darauf einen Muster-Maßnahmensteckbrief f{\"u}r Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln und vorzuschlagen. Kapitel 4 besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit sehr konkreten kommunalen Erfahrungen rund um den Transfer von sieben ausgew{\"a}hlten Instrumenten und Maßnahmen und bietet zahlreiche empirische Befunde aus den Kommunen, basierend auf der Kommunalbefragung, verschiedenen Interviews und den Erfahrungen aus der Projektarbeit. Die folgenden sieben Instrumente und Maßnahmen wurden ausgew{\"a}hlt, um eine große Breite st{\"a}dtischer Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu betrachten: 1) Klimafunktionskarten (Stadtklimakarten), 2) Starkregengefahrenkarten, 3) Checklisten zur Klimaanpassung in der Bauleitplanung, 4) Verbot von Schotterg{\"a}rten in Bebauungspl{\"a}nen, 5) Fassadenbegr{\"u}nungen, 6) klimaangepasste Gestaltung von Gr{\"u}n- und Freifl{\"a}chen sowie 7) Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r Betreuungseinrichtungen zum Umgang mit Hitze und Starkregen. F{\"u}r jede dieser Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten wird auf Ebene der Kommunen Ziel, Verbreitung und Erscheinungsformen, Umsetzung anhand konkreter Beispiele, f{\"o}rdernde und hemmende Faktoren sowievorliegende Erfahrungen zu und Hinweisen auf Transfer dargestellt. Kapitel 5 schließt den vorliegenden Bericht ab, indem zentrale Transfer-Barrieren aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen aufgegriffen und entsprechende Empfehlungen an verschiedene Ebenen der Politik ausgesprochen werden. Diese Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung des Transfers von klimaanpassungsrelevanten Instrumenten, Strategien und Maßnahmen umfassen 1) die Verbesserung des Austauschs zwischen verschiedenen St{\"a}dten, 2) die Verbesserung der Zug{\"a}nglichkeit von Wissen und Erfahrungen, 3) die Schaffung von Vernetzungsstrukturen innerhalb von St{\"a}dten sowie 4) bestehende Wissensl{\"u}cken zu schließen. Die Autor:innen des vorliegenden Berichts hoffen, durch die vielf{\"a}ltigen Untersuchungsaspekte einen Beitrag zum besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis der Lern- und Transferprozesse und zur Verbesserung des Transfers kommunaler Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu leisten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1304},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57735},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577350},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{ThiekenOttoHauptetal.2022,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Otto, Antje and Haupt, Wolfgang and Eckersley, Peter and Kern, Kristine and Ullrich, Susann and Hautz, Timo and Rocker, Philipp and Schulz, Rabea and Sausen, Hannah and Dillenardt, Lisa and Rose, Claudia and Schmidt, Katja and Huber, Bettina and Sterzel, Till and Marken, Marieke and Miechielsen, Milena},
  title     = {Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen},
  editor    = {Otto, Antje and Thieken, Annegret},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55542},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-555427},
  pages     = {IX, 99},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aufgrund der hohen Konzentration von Bev{\"o}lkerung, {\"o}konomischen Werten und Infrastrukturen k{\"o}nnen St{\"a}dte stark von extremen Wetterereignissen getroffen werden. Insbesondere Hitzewellen und {\"U}berflutungen in Folge von Starkregen verursachen in St{\"a}dten immense gesundheitliche und finanzielle Sch{\"a}den. Um Sch{\"a}den zu verringern oder gar zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, entsprechende Vorsorge- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu implementieren. Im Projekt „Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen - Typologien und Transfer von Anpassungsstrategien in kleinen Großst{\"a}dten und Mittelst{\"a}dten" (ExTrass) lag der Fokus auf den beiden extremen Wetterereignissen Hitze und Starkregen sowie auf kleineren Großst{\"a}dten (100.000 bis 500.000 Einwohner:innen) und kreisfreien Mittelst{\"a}dten mit mehr als 50.000 Einwohner:innen. Im Projekt wurde die St{\"a}rkung der Klimaresilienz als Verbesserung der F{\"a}higkeiten von St{\"a}dten, aus vergangenen Ereignissen zu lernen sowie sich an antizipierte Gefahren anzupassen, verstanden. Klimaanpassung wurde demnach als ein Prozess aufgefasst, der durch die Umsetzung von potenziell schadensreduzierenden Maßnahmen beschreib- und operationalisierbar wird. Das Projekt hatte zwei Ziele: Erstens sollte die Klimaresilienz in den drei Fallstudienst{\"a}dten Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg messbar gest{\"a}rkt werden. Zweitens sollten Transferpotenziale zwischen Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dten in Deutschland identifiziert und besser nutzbar gemacht werden, damit die Wirkung von Pilotvorhaben {\"u}ber die direkt involvierten St{\"a}dte hinausgehen kann. Im Projekt standen folgende vier Leitfragen im Fokus: • Wie verbreitet sind Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten in Großst{\"a}dten und gr{\"o}ßeren kreisfreien Mittelst{\"a}dten in Deutschland? • Welche hemmenden und beg{\"u}nstigenden Faktoren beeinflussen die Klimaanpassung? • Welche Maßnahmen der Klimaanpassung werden tats{\"a}chlich umgesetzt, und wie kann die Umsetzung verbessert werden? Was behindert? • Inwiefern lassen sich Beispiele guter Praxis auf andere St{\"a}dte {\"u}bertragen, adaptieren oder weiterentwickeln? Die Hauptergebnisse zu diesen Fragestellungen sind im vorliegenden Bericht zusammengefasst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SamprognaMohorThiekenKorup2021,
  author    = {Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Thieken, Annegret and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Residential flood loss estimated from Bayesian multilevel models},
  series = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {2195-9269},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-21-1599-2021},
  pages     = {1599 -- 1614},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Models for the predictions of monetary losses from floods mainly blend data deemed to represent a single flood type and region. Moreover, these approaches largely ignore indicators of preparedness and how predictors may vary between regions and events, challenging the transferability of flood loss models. We use a flood loss database of 1812 German flood-affected households to explore how Bayesian multilevel models can estimate normalised flood damage stratified by event, region, or flood process type. Multilevel models acknowledge natural groups in the data and allow each group to learn from others. We obtain posterior estimates that differ between flood types, with credibly varying influences of water depth, contamination, duration, implementation of property-level precautionary measures, insurance, and previous flood experience; these influences overlap across most events or regions, however. We infer that the underlying damaging processes of distinct flood types deserve further attention. Each reported flood loss and affected region involved mixed flood types, likely explaining the uncertainty in the coefficients. Our results emphasise the need to consider flood types as an important step towards applying flood loss models elsewhere. We argue that failing to do so may unduly generalise the model and systematically bias loss estimations from empirical data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoGoepfertThieken2021,
  author    = {Otto, Antje and G{\"o}pfert, Christian and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Are cities prepared for climate change?},
  series = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change : an international journal devoted to scientific, engineering, socio-economic and policy responses to environmental change},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change : an international journal devoted to scientific, engineering, socio-economic and policy responses to environmental change},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1381-2386},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11027-021-09971-4},
  pages     = {25},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Cities can be severely affected by climate change. Hence, many of them have started to develop climate adaptation strategies or implement measures to help prepare for the challenges it will present. This study aims to provide an overview of climate adaptation in 104 German cities. While existing studies on adaptation tracking rely heavily on self-reported data or the mere existence of adaptation plans, we applied the broader concept of adaptation readiness, considering five factors and a total of twelve different indicators, when making our assessments. We clustered the cities depending on the contribution of these factors to the overall adaptation readiness index and grouped them according to their total score and cluster affiliations. This resulted in us identifying four groups of cities. First, a pioneering group comprises twelve (mainly big) cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants, which showed high scores for all five factors of adaptation readiness. Second, a set of 36 active cities, which follow different strategies on how to deal with climate adaptation. Third, a group of 28 cities showed considerably less activity toward climate adaptation, while a fourth set of 28 mostly small cities (with between 50,000 and 99,999 inhabitants) scored the lowest. We consider this final group to be pursuing a 'wait-and-see' approach. Since the city size correlates with the adaptation readiness index, we recommend policymakers introduce funding schemes that focus on supporting small cities, to help them prepare for the impact of a changing climate.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KocNathoThieken2021,
  author    = {Ko{\c{c}}, Gamze and Natho, Stephanie and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Estimating direct economic impacts of severe flood events in Turkey (2015-2020)},
  series = {International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2212-4209},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102222},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Over the past decades, floods have caused significant financial losses in Turkey, amounting to US\$ 800 million between 1960 and 2014. With the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR), it is aimed to reduce the direct economic loss from disasters in relation to the global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030. Accordingly, a methodology based on experiences from developing countries was proposed by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) to estimate direct economic losses on the macro-scale. Since Turkey also signed the SFDRR, we aimed to adapt, validate and apply the loss estimation model proposed by the UNDRR in Turkey for the first time. To do so, the well-documented flood event in Mersin of 2016 was used to calibrate the damage ratios for the agricultural, commercial and residential sectors, as well as educational facilities. Case studies between 2015 and 2020 with documented losses were further used to validate the model. Finally, model applications provided initial loss estimates for floods occurred recently in Turkey. Despite the limited event documentation for each sector, the calibrated model yielded good results when compared to documented losses. Thus, by implementing the UNDRR method, this study provides an approach to estimate the direct economic losses in Turkey on the macro-scale, which can be used to fill gaps in event databases, support the coordination of financial aid after flood events and facilitate monitoring of the progress toward and achievement of Global Target C of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{DillenardtThieken2021,
  author    = {Dillenardt, Lisa and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Untersuchung der r{\"a}umlichen Verteilung von Bodenk{\"u}hlpotenzialen in Remscheid},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52667},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526670},
  pages     = {III, 40},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Eine Zunahme der allgemeinen Temperatur auf Grund des Klimawandels und die damit einhergehende Zunahme von Hitzewellen f{\"u}hrten dazu, dass das Landesamt f{\"u}r Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen (LANUV) einen Leitfaden f{\"u}r den Schutz der positiven Klimafunktion urbaner B{\"o}den herausgab. Darauf aufbauend wurde auf regionaler Ebene f{\"u}r die Stadt D{\"u}sseldorf die K{\"u}hlleistung der urbanen B{\"o}den quantifiziert, um besonders schutzw{\"u}rdige Bereiche zu identifizieren. Im Rahmen des Projektes ExTrass sollte nun die K{\"u}hlleistung urbaner B{\"o}den innerhalb Remscheids quantifiziert werden, jedoch auf Basis von frei zug{\"a}nglichen Daten. Eine solche Datengrundlage schließt eine Modellierung des Bodenwasserhaushaltes, welches die Grundlage der Quantifizierung in D{\"u}sseldorf war, f{\"u}r Remscheid aus. Jedoch bietet der vorgestellte Ansatz die M{\"o}glichkeit, eine solche Untersuchung auch in anderen Gemeinden innerhalb Deutschlands mit relativ wenig Aufwand durchzuf{\"u}hren. Die K{\"u}hlleistung der B{\"o}den wurde {\"u}ber die nutzbare Feldkapazit{\"a}t abgesch{\"a}tzt, welche das Wasserspeichervolumen der obersten durchwurzelten Bodenzone angibt. Es ist der Bodenwasserspeicher, der Wasser f{\"u}r die Evapotranspiration zur Verf{\"u}gung stellt und damit maßgeblich die K{\"u}hlleistung eines Bodens definiert, d.h. durch direkte Evaporation des Bodenwassers sowie durch die Transpiration von Wasser durch Pflanzen. In die Erstellung der Karte sind eingegangen: (a) die Bodenkarte Nordrhein-Westfalens (BK50), um die nutzbare Feldkapazit{\"a}t (nFK) je Fl{\"a}che zu bestimmen; (b) der Landnutzungsdatensatz UrbanAtlas 2012, in Verbindung mit einer Literaturrecherche, um den Einfluss der Landnutzung auf die Werte der nFK, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Versiegelung und Verdichtung herzuleiten; und (c) OpenStreetMap (OSM), um den Anteil der versiegelten Fl{\"a}chen genauer zu bestimmen, als dies auf Basis des UrbanAtlas m{\"o}glich gewesen w{\"a}re. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz geeignet ist, um die r{\"a}umliche Verteilung der potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlfunktion innerhalb einer Stadt zu untersuchen. Es ist zu beachten, dass der Einfluss des Grundwassers in Remscheid nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden konnte. Denn es ist damit zu rechnen, dass die Grundwasserverh{\"a}ltnisse aufgrund der geologischen und topographischen Situation in Remscheid kleinr{\"a}umig Variationen unterliegen und es somit keinen durchg{\"a}ngigen und kartierten Aquifer gibt. Kleingartenanlagen, Parks und Friedh{\"o}he im innerst{\"a}dtischen Bereich und allgemein die Landnutzungsklassen Wald und Gr{\"u}nland wurden als Fl{\"a}chen mit einem besonders hohem potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlpotenzial identifiziert. Solche Fl{\"a}chen sind besonders sch{\"u}tzenswert. Die Analyse der Speicherf{\"u}llst{\"a}nde der oberen Bodenzone, basierend auf der erstellten Karte der potenziellen Bodenk{\"u}hlfunktion und der klimatischen Wasserbilanz, ergab, dass besonders innerst{\"a}dtische Fl{\"a}chen, die einen kleinen Bodenwasserspeicher haben, in einem trockenen Jahr bereits fr{\"u}h im Sommer ihre K{\"u}hlfunktion verlieren und bei Hitzewellen somit eine verringerte positive Klimafunktion haben. Gest{\"u}tzt wird diese Aussage durch eine Auswertung des normalisierten differenzierten Vegetationsindex (NDVI), der genutzt wurde, um die Ver{\"a}nderung der Pflanzenvitalit{\"a}t vor und nach einer Hitzeperiode im Juni/Juli 2018 zu untersuchen. Messungen mit Meteobikes, einer Vorrichtung, die dazu geeignet ist, w{\"a}hrend einer Radfahrt kontinuierlich die Temperatur zu messen, st{\"u}tzen die Erkenntnis, dass innerst{\"a}dtische Gr{\"u}nfl{\"a}chen wie Parks eine positive Wirkung auf das urbane Mikroklima haben. Weiterhin zeigen diese Messungen, dass die Topographie innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes die Aufheizung einzelner Fl{\"a}chen und die Temperaturverteilung vermutlich mitbestimmt. Die hier vorgestellte Karte der potenziellen K{\"u}hlfunktion f{\"u}r Remscheid sollte als Erg{\"a}nzung in die Klimafunktionskarte f{\"u}r Remscheid eingehen und den bestehenden Layer „fl{\"a}chenhafte Klimafunktion", der nur die Landnutzung ber{\"u}cksichtigt, ersetzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{SamprognaMohorThiekenKorup2021,
  author    = {Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Thieken, Annegret and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Residential flood loss estimated from Bayesian multilevel models},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51774},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517743},
  pages     = {1599 -- 1614},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Models for the predictions of monetary losses from floods mainly blend data deemed to represent a single flood type and region. Moreover, these approaches largely ignore indicators of preparedness and how predictors may vary between regions and events, challenging the transferability of flood loss models. We use a flood loss database of 1812 German flood-affected households to explore how Bayesian multilevel models can estimate normalised flood damage stratified by event, region, or flood process type. Multilevel models acknowledge natural groups in the data and allow each group to learn from others. We obtain posterior estimates that differ between flood types, with credibly varying influences of water depth, contamination, duration, implementation of property-level precautionary measures, insurance, and previous flood experience; these influences overlap across most events or regions, however. We infer that the underlying damaging processes of distinct flood types deserve further attention. Each reported flood loss and affected region involved mixed flood types, likely explaining the uncertainty in the coefficients. Our results emphasise the need to consider flood types as an important step towards applying flood loss models elsewhere. We argue that failing to do so may unduly generalise the model and systematically bias loss estimations from empirical data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BerghaeuserSchoppaUlrichetal.2021,
  author    = {Bergh{\"a}user, Lisa and Schoppa, Lukas and Ulrich, Jana and Dillenardt, Lisa and Jurado, Oscar E. and Passow, Christian and Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Seleem, Omar and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Starkregen in Berlin},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50056},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-500560},
  pages     = {44},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In den Sommern der Jahre 2017 und 2019 kam es in Berlin an mehreren Orten zu {\"U}berschwemmungen in Folge von Starkregenereignissen. In beiden Jahren f{\"u}hrte dies zu erheblichen Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen im Alltag der Berliner:innen sowie zu hohen Sachsch{\"a}den. Eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Taskforce des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs NatRiskChange untersuchte (1) die meteorologischen Eigenschaften zweier besonders eindr{\"u}cklicher Unwetter, sowie (2) die Vulnerabilit{\"a}t der Berliner Bev{\"o}lkerung gegen{\"u}ber Starkregen. Eine vergleichende meteorologische Rekonstruktion der Starkregenereignisse von 2017 und 2019 ergab deutliche Unterschiede in der Entstehung und den {\"U}berschreitungswahrscheinlichkeiten der beiden Unwetter. So war das Ereignis von 2017 mit einer relativ großen r{\"a}umlichen Ausdehnung und langer Dauer ein untypisches Starkregenereignis, w{\"a}hrend es sich bei dem Unwetter von 2019 um ein typisches, kurzzeitiges Starkregenereignis mit ausgepr{\"a}gter r{\"a}umlicher Heterogenit{\"a}t handelte. Eine anschließende statistische Analyse zeigte, dass das Ereignis von 2017 f{\"u}r l{\"a}ngere Niederschlagsdauern (>=24 h) als großfl{\"a}chiges Extremereignis mit {\"U}berschreitungswahrscheinlichkeiten von unter 1 \% einzuordnen ist (d.h. Wiederkehrperioden >=100 Jahre). Im Jahr 2019 wurden dagegen {\"a}hnliche {\"U}berschreitungswahrscheinlichkeiten nur lokal und f{\"u}r k{\"u}rzere Zeitr{\"a}ume (1-2 h) berechnet. Die Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsanalyse basiert auf einer von April bis Juni 2020 in Berlin durchgef{\"u}hrten Onlinebefragung. Diese richtete sich an Personen, die bereits von vergangenen Starkregenereignissen betroffen waren und thematisierte das Schadensereignis selbst, daraus entstandene Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen und Sch{\"a}den, Risikowahrnehmung sowie Notfall- und Vorsorgemaßnahmen. Die erhobenen Umfragedaten (n=102) beziehen sich vornehmlich auf die Ereignisse von 2017 und 2019 und zeigen, dass die Berliner Bev{\"o}lkerung sowohl im Alltag (z.B. bei der Beschaffung von Lebensmitteln) als auch im eigenen Haushalt (z.B. durch {\"U}berschwemmungssch{\"a}den) von den Unwettern beeintr{\"a}chtigt war. Zudem deuteten die Antworten der Betroffenen auf M{\"o}glichkeiten hin, die Vulnerabilit{\"a}t der Gesellschaft gegen{\"u}ber Starkregen weiter zu reduzieren - etwa durch die Unterst{\"u}tzung besonders betroffener Gruppen (z.B. Pflegende), durch gezielte Informationskampagnen zum Schutz vor Starkregen oder durch die Erh{\"o}hung der Reichweite von Unwetterwarnungen. Eine statistische Analyse zur Effektivit{\"a}t privater Notfall- und Vorsorgemaßnahmen auf Grundlage der Umfragedaten best{\"a}tigte vorherige Studienergebnisse. So gab es Anhaltspunkte daf{\"u}r, dass durch das Umsetzen von Vorsorgemaßnahmen wie beispielsweise das Installieren von R{\"u}ckstauklappen, Barriere-Systemen oder Pumpen Starkregensch{\"a}den reduziert werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Berichts unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit f{\"u}r ein integriertes Starkregenrisikomanagment, das die Risikokomponenten Gef{\"a}hrdung, Vulnerabilit{\"a}t und Exposition ganzheitlich und auf mehreren Ebenen (z.B. staatlich, kommunal, privat) betrachtet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HeidenreichBuchnerWalzetal.2021,
  author    = {Heidenreich, Anna and Buchner, Martin and Walz, Ariane and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {How to deal with heat stress at an open-air event?},
  series = {Weather, climate \& society / American Meteorological Society},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Weather, climate \& society / American Meteorological Society},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Meteorological Soc.},
  address   = {Boston},
  issn      = {1948-8327},
  doi       = {10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0027.1},
  pages     = {989 -- 1002},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Heat waves are increasingly common in many countries across the globe, and also in Germany, where this study is set. Heat poses severe health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. This case study explores visitors' behavior and perceptions during six weekends in the summer of 2018 at a 6-month open-air horticultural show. Data from a face-to-face survey (n = 306) and behavioral observations ( n = 2750) were examined by using correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Differences in weather perception, risk awareness, adaptive behavior, and activity level were observed between rainy days (maximum daily temperature, 25 degrees C), warmsummer days (25 degrees-30 degrees C), and hot days (>30 degrees C). Respondents reported a high level of heat risk awareness, butmost (90\%) were unaware of actual heat warnings. During hot days, more adaptive measures were reported and observed. Older respondents reported taking the highest number of adaptive measures. We observed the highest level of adaptation in children, but they also showed the highest activity level. From our results we discuss how to facilitate individual adaptation to heat stress at open-air events by taking the heterogeneity of visitors into account. To mitigate negative health outcomes for citizens in the future, we argue for tailored risk communication aimed at vulnerable groups. <br /> SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: People around the world are facing higher average temperatures. While higher temperatures make open-air events a popular leisure time activity in summer, heat waves are a threat to health and life. Since there is not much research on how visitors of such events perceive different weather conditions-especially hot temperatures-we explored this in our case study in southern Germany at an open-air horticultural show in the summer of 2018. We discovered deficits both in people's awareness of current heat risk and the heat adaptation they carry out themselves. Future research should further investigate risk perception and adaptation behavior of private individuals, whereas event organizers and authorities need to continually focus on risk communication and facilitate individual adaptation of their visitors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoKernHauptetal.2021,
  author    = {Otto, Antje and Kern, Kristine and Haupt, Wolfgang and Eckersley, Peter and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Ranking local climate policy},
  series = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, international journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change},
  volume    = {167},
  journal   = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, international journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0165-0009},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10584-021-03142-9},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Climate mitigation and climate adaptation are crucial tasks for urban areas and can involve synergies as well as trade-offs. However, few studies have examined how mitigation and adaptation efforts relate to each other in a large number of differently sized cities, and therefore we know little about whether forerunners in mitigation are also leading in adaptation or if cities tend to focus on just one policy field. This article develops an internationally applicable approach to rank cities on climate policy that incorporates multiple indicators related to (1) local commitments on mitigation and adaptation, (2) urban mitigation and adaptation plans and (3) climate adaptation and mitigation ambitions. We apply this method to rank 104 differently sized German cities and identify six clusters: climate policy leaders, climate adaptation leaders, climate mitigation leaders, climate policy followers, climate policy latecomers and climate policy laggards. The article seeks explanations for particular cities' positions and shows that coping with climate change in a balanced way on a high level depends on structural factors, in particular city size, the pathways of local climate policies since the 1990s and funding programmes for both climate mitigation and adaptation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KocPetrowThieken2020,
  author    = {Ko{\c{c}}, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Analysis of the Most Severe Flood Events in Turkey (1960-2014)},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w12061562},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LaudanZoellerThieken2020,
  author    = {Laudan, Jonas and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Flash floods versus river floods},
  series = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1684-9981},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-20-999-2020},
  pages     = {999 -- 1023},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {River floods are among the most damaging natural hazards that frequently occur in Germany. Flooding causes high economic losses and impacts many residents. In 2016, several southern German municipalities were hit by flash floods after unexpectedly severe heavy rainfall, while in 2013 widespread river flooding had occurred. This study investigates and compares the psychological impacts of river floods and flash floods and potential consequences for precautionary behaviour. Data were collected using computer-aided telephone interviews that were conducted among flood-affected households around 9 months after each damaging event. This study applies Bayesian statistics and negative binomial regressions to test the suitability of psychological indicators to predict the precaution motivation of individuals. The results show that it is not the particular flood type but rather the severity and local impacts of the event that are crucial for the different, and potentially negative, impacts on mental health. According to the used data, however, predictions of the individual precaution motivation should not be based on the derived psychological indicators - i.e. coping appraisal, threat appraisal, burden and evasion - since their explanatory power was generally low and results are, for the most part, non-significant. Only burden reveals a significant positive relation to planned precaution regarding weak flash floods. In contrast to weak flash floods and river floods, the perceived threat of strong flash floods is significantly lower although feelings of burden and lower coping appraisals are more pronounced. Further research is needed to better include psychological assessment procedures and to focus on alternative data sources regarding floods and the connected precaution motivation of affected residents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HudsonPhamHagedoornetal.2020,
  author    = {Hudson, Paul and Pham, My and Hagedoorn, Liselotte and Thieken, Annegret and Lasage, Ralph and Bubeck, Philip},
  title     = {Self-stated recovery from flooding},
  series = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1753-318X},
  doi       = {10.1111/jfr3.12680},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self-stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression-based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien-Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process-related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress-resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio-environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JehmlichHudsonThieken2020,
  author    = {Jehmlich, Caroline and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Short contribution on adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies},
  series = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1753-318X},
  doi       = {10.1111/jfr3.12653},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Integrated flood management strategies consider property-level precautionary measures as a vital part. Whereas this is a well-researched topic for residents, little is known about the adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies although they often settle on the ground floor of buildings and are thus among the first affected by flooding. This pilot study analyses flood responses of 64 businesses in a district of the city of Dresden, Germany that experienced major flooding in 2002 and 2013. Using standardised survey data and accompanying qualitative interviews, the analyses revealed that the largest driver of adaptive behaviour is experiencing flood events. Intangible factors such as tradition and a sense of community play a role for the decision to stay in the area, while lacking ownership might hamper property-level adaptation. Further research is also needed to understand the role of insurance and governmental aid for recovery and adaptation of businesses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SamprognaMohorHudsonThieken2020,
  author    = {Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {A comparison of factors driving flood losses in households affected by different flood types},
  series = {Water resources research},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {Water resources research},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0043-1397},
  doi       = {10.1029/2019WR025943},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Flood loss data collection and modeling are not standardized, and previous work has indicated that losses from different flood types (e.g., riverine and groundwater) may follow different driving forces. However, different flood types may occur within a single flood event, which is known as a compound flood event. Therefore, we aimed to identify statistical similarities between loss-driving factors across flood types and test whether the corresponding losses should be modeled separately. In this study, we used empirical data from 4,418 respondents from four survey campaigns studying households in Germany that experienced flooding. These surveys sought to investigate several features of the impact process (hazard, socioeconomic, preparedness, and building characteristics, as well as flood type). While the level of most of these features differed across flood type subsamples (e.g., degree of preparedness), they did so in a nonregular pattern. A variable selection process indicates that besides hazard and building characteristics, information on property-level preparedness was also selected as a relevant predictor of the loss ratio. These variables represent information, which is rarely adopted in loss modeling. Models shall be refined with further data collection and other statistical methods. To save costs, data collection efforts should be steered toward the most relevant predictors to enhance data availability and increase the statistical power of results. Understanding that losses from different flood types are driven by different factors is a crucial step toward targeted data collection and model development and will finally clarify conditions that allow us to transfer loss models in space and time. <br /> Key Points <br /> Survey data of flood-affected households show different concurrent flood types, undermining the use of a single-flood-type loss model Thirteen variables addressing flood hazard, the building, and property level preparedness are significant predictors of the building loss ratio Flood type-specific models show varying significance across the predictor variables, indicating a hindrance to model transferability},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KocPetrowThieken2020,
  author    = {Koc, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Analysis of the most severe flood events in Turkey (1960-2014)},
  series = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w12061562},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BubeckBerghaeuserHudsonetal.2020,
  author    = {Bubeck, Philip and Bergh{\"a}user, Lisa and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Using panel data to understand the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding},
  series = {Risk analysis : an international journal},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Risk analysis : an international journal},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0272-4332},
  doi       = {10.1111/risa.13548},
  pages     = {2340 -- 2359},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Insights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross-sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents' perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk-reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk-reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KellermannSchroeterThiekenetal.2020,
  author    = {Kellermann, Patric and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Thieken, Annegret and Haubrock, S{\"o}ren-Nils and Kreibich, Heidi},
  title     = {The object-specific flood damage database HOWAS 21},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-20-2503-2020},
  pages     = {2503 -- 2519},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The Flood Damage Database HOWAS 21 contains object-specific flood damage data resulting from fluvial, pluvial and groundwater flooding. The datasets incorporate various variables of flood hazard, exposure, vulnerability and direct tangible damage at properties from several economic sectors. The main purpose of development of HOWAS 21 was to support forensic flood analysis and the derivation of flood damage models. HOWAS 21 was first developed for Germany and currently almost exclusively contains datasets from Germany. However, its scope has recently been enlarged with the aim to serve as an international flood damage database; e.g. its web application is now available in German and English. This paper presents the recent advancements of HOWAS 21 and highlights exemplary analyses to demonstrate the use of HOWAS 21 flood damage data. The data applications indicate a large potential of the database for fostering a better understanding and estimation of the consequences of flooding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhlickeSeebauerHudsonetal.2020,
  author    = {Kuhlicke, Christian and Seebauer, Sebastian and Hudson, Paul and Begg, Chloe and Bubeck, Philip and Dittmer, Cordula and Grothmann, Torsten and Heidenreich, Anna and Kreibich, Heidi and Lorenz, Daniel F. and Masson, Torsten and Reiter, Jessica and Thaler, Thomas and Thieken, Annegret and Bamberg, Sebastian},
  title     = {The behavioral turn in flood risk management, its assumptions and potential implications},
  series = {WIREs Water},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {WIREs Water},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2049-1948},
  doi       = {10.1002/wat2.1418},
  pages     = {1 -- 22},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Recent policy changes highlight the need for citizens to take adaptive actions to reduce flood-related impacts. Here, we argue that these changes represent a wider behavioral turn in flood risk management (FRM). The behavioral turn is based on three fundamental assumptions: first, that the motivations of citizens to take adaptive actions can be well understood so that these motivations can be targeted in the practice of FRM; second, that private adaptive measures and actions are effective in reducing flood risk; and third, that individuals have the capacities to implement such measures. We assess the extent to which the assumptions can be supported by empirical evidence. We do this by engaging with three intellectual catchments. We turn to research by psychologists and other behavioral scientists which focus on the sociopsychological factors which influence individual motivations (Assumption 1). We engage with economists, engineers, and quantitative risk analysts who explore the extent to which individuals can reduce flood related impacts by quantifying the effectiveness and efficiency of household-level adaptive measures (Assumption 2). We converse with human geographers and sociologists who explore the types of capacities households require to adapt to and cope with threatening events (Assumption 3). We believe that an investigation of the behavioral turn is important because if the outlined assumptions do not hold, there is a risk of creating and strengthening inequalities in FRM. Therefore, we outline the current intellectual and empirical knowledge as well as future research needs. Generally, we argue that more collaboration across intellectual catchments is needed, that future research should be more theoretically grounded and become methodologically more rigorous and at the same time focus more explicitly on the normative underpinnings of the behavioral turn.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KuhlickeSeebauerHudsonetal.2020,
  author    = {Kuhlicke, Christian and Seebauer, Sebastian and Hudson, Paul and Begg, Chloe and Bubeck, Philip and Dittmer, Cordula and Grothmann, Torsten and Heidenreich, Anna and Kreibich, Heidi and Lorenz, Daniel F. and Masson, Torsten and Reiter, Jessica and Thaler, Thomas and Thieken, Annegret and Bamberg, Sebastian},
  title     = {The behavioral turn in flood risk management, its assumptions and potential implications},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51769},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517696},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Recent policy changes highlight the need for citizens to take adaptive actions to reduce flood-related impacts. Here, we argue that these changes represent a wider behavioral turn in flood risk management (FRM). The behavioral turn is based on three fundamental assumptions: first, that the motivations of citizens to take adaptive actions can be well understood so that these motivations can be targeted in the practice of FRM; second, that private adaptive measures and actions are effective in reducing flood risk; and third, that individuals have the capacities to implement such measures. We assess the extent to which the assumptions can be supported by empirical evidence. We do this by engaging with three intellectual catchments. We turn to research by psychologists and other behavioral scientists which focus on the sociopsychological factors which influence individual motivations (Assumption 1). We engage with economists, engineers, and quantitative risk analysts who explore the extent to which individuals can reduce flood related impacts by quantifying the effectiveness and efficiency of household-level adaptive measures (Assumption 2). We converse with human geographers and sociologists who explore the types of capacities households require to adapt to and cope with threatening events (Assumption 3). We believe that an investigation of the behavioral turn is important because if the outlined assumptions do not hold, there is a risk of creating and strengthening inequalities in FRM. Therefore, we outline the current intellectual and empirical knowledge as well as future research needs. Generally, we argue that more collaboration across intellectual catchments is needed, that future research should be more theoretically grounded and become methodologically more rigorous and at the same time focus more explicitly on the normative underpinnings of the behavioral turn.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KocPetrowThieken2020,
  author    = {Ko{\c{c}}, Gamze and Petrow, Theresia and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Analysis of the Most Severe Flood Events in Turkey (1960-2014)},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1003},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47733},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-477331},
  pages     = {34},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The most severe flood events in Turkey were determined for the period 1960-2014 by considering the number of fatalities, the number of affected people, and the total economic losses as indicators. The potential triggering mechanisms (i.e., atmospheric circulations and precipitation amounts) and aggravating pathways (i.e., topographic features, catchment size, land use types, and soil properties) of these 25 events were analyzed. On this basis, a new approach was developed to identify the main influencing factor per event and to provide additional information for determining the dominant flood occurrence pathways for severe floods. The events were then classified through hierarchical cluster analysis. As a result, six different clusters were found and characterized. Cluster 1 comprised flood events that were mainly influenced by drainage characteristics (e.g., catchment size and shape); Cluster 2 comprised events aggravated predominantly by urbanization; steep topography was identified to be the dominant factor for Cluster 3; extreme rainfall was determined as the main triggering factor for Cluster 4; saturated soil conditions were found to be the dominant factor for Cluster 5; and orographic effects of mountain ranges characterized Cluster 6. This study determined pathway patterns of the severe floods in Turkey with regard to their main causal or aggravating mechanisms. Accordingly, geomorphological properties are of major importance in large catchments in eastern and northeastern Anatolia. In addition, in small catchments, the share of urbanized area seems to be an important factor for the extent of flood impacts. This paper presents an outcome that could be used for future urban planning and flood risk prevention studies to understand the flood mechanisms in different regions of Turkey.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KuhlickeMassonKienzleretal.2020,
  author    = {Kuhlicke, Christian and Masson, Torsten and Kienzler, Sarah and Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret and Kreibich, Heidi},
  title     = {Multiple flood experiences and social resilience},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51650},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516500},
  pages     = {28},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Previous studies have explored the consequences of flood events for exposed households and companies by focusing on single flood events. Less is known about the consequences of experiencing repeated flood events for the resilience of households and companies. In this paper, we therefore explore how multiple floods experience affects the resilience of exposed households and companies. Resilience was made operational through individual appraisals of households and companies' ability to withstand and recover from material as well as health and psychological impacts of the 2013 flood in Germany. The paper is based on three different datasets including more than 2000 households and 300 companies that were affected by the 2013 flood. The surveys revealed that the resilience of households seems to increase, but only with regard to their subjectively appraised ability to withstand impacts on mobile goods and equipment (e.g., cars, TV, and radios). In regard to the ability of households to withstand overall financial consequences of repetitive floods, evidence for nonlinear (quadratic) trends can be found. With regard to psychological and health-related consequences, the findings are mixed but provide tentative evidence for eroding resilience among households. Companies' resilience increased with respect to material assets but appears to decrease with respect to ability to recover. We conclude by arguing that clear and operational definitions of resilience are required so that evidence-based resilience baselines can be established to assess whether resilience is eroding or improving over time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaudanZoellerThieken2020,
  author    = {Laudan, Jonas and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Flash floods versus river floods},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {968},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47397},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473974},
  pages     = {999 -- 1023},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {River floods are among the most damaging natural hazards that frequently occur in Germany. Flooding causes high economic losses and impacts many residents. In 2016, several southern German municipalities were hit by flash floods after unexpectedly severe heavy rainfall, while in 2013 widespread river flooding had occurred. This study investigates and compares the psychological impacts of river floods and flash floods and potential consequences for precautionary behaviour. Data were collected using computer-aided telephone interviews that were conducted among flood-affected households around 9 months after each damaging event. This study applies Bayesian statistics and negative binomial regressions to test the suitability of psychological indicators to predict the precaution motivation of individuals. The results show that it is not the particular flood type but rather the severity and local impacts of the event that are crucial for the different, and potentially negative, impacts on mental health. According to the used data, however, predictions of the individual precaution motivation should not be based on the derived psychological indicators - i.e. coping appraisal, threat appraisal, burden and evasion - since their explanatory power was generally low and results are, for the most part, non-significant. Only burden reveals a significant positive relation to planned precaution regarding weak flash floods. In contrast to weak flash floods and river floods, the perceived threat of strong flash floods is significantly lower although feelings of burden and lower coping appraisals are more pronounced. Further research is needed to better include psychological assessment procedures and to focus on alternative data sources regarding floods and the connected precaution motivation of affected residents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HudsonPhamHagedoornetal.2020,
  author    = {Hudson, Paul and Pham, My and Hagedoorn, Liselotte and Thieken, Annegret and Lasage, Ralph and Bubeck, Philip},
  title     = {Self-stated recovery from flooding},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1140},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50348},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-503488},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self-stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression-based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien-Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process-related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress-resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio-environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{JehmlichHudsonThieken2020,
  author    = {Jehmlich, Caroline and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Short contribution on adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1024},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-48552},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485528},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Integrated flood management strategies consider property-level precautionary measures as a vital part. Whereas this is a well-researched topic for residents, little is known about the adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies although they often settle on the ground floor of buildings and are thus among the first affected by flooding. This pilot study analyses flood responses of 64 businesses in a district of the city of Dresden, Germany that experienced major flooding in 2002 and 2013. Using standardised survey data and accompanying qualitative interviews, the analyses revealed that the largest driver of adaptive behaviour is experiencing flood events. Intangible factors such as tradition and a sense of community play a role for the decision to stay in the area, while lacking ownership might hamper property-level adaptation. Further research is also needed to understand the role of insurance and governmental aid for recovery and adaptation of businesses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhlickeMassonKienzleretal.2020,
  author    = {Kuhlicke, Christian and Masson, Torsten and Kienzler, Sarah and Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret and Kreibich, Heidi},
  title     = {Multiple flood experiences and social resilience},
  series = {Weather, Climate, and Society},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Weather, Climate, and Society},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Meteorological Society},
  address   = {Boston},
  issn      = {1948-8327},
  doi       = {10.1175/WCAS-D-18-0069.1},
  pages     = {63 -- 88},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Previous studies have explored the consequences of flood events for exposed households and companies by focusing on single flood events. Less is known about the consequences of experiencing repeated flood events for the resilience of households and companies. In this paper, we therefore explore how multiple floods experience affects the resilience of exposed households and companies. Resilience was made operational through individual appraisals of households and companies' ability to withstand and recover from material as well as health and psychological impacts of the 2013 flood in Germany. The paper is based on three different datasets including more than 2000 households and 300 companies that were affected by the 2013 flood. The surveys revealed that the resilience of households seems to increase, but only with regard to their subjectively appraised ability to withstand impacts on mobile goods and equipment (e.g., cars, TV, and radios). In regard to the ability of households to withstand overall financial consequences of repetitive floods, evidence for nonlinear (quadratic) trends can be found. With regard to psychological and health-related consequences, the findings are mixed but provide tentative evidence for eroding resilience among households. Companies' resilience increased with respect to material assets but appears to decrease with respect to ability to recover. We conclude by arguing that clear and operational definitions of resilience are required so that evidence-based resilience baselines can be established to assess whether resilience is eroding or improving over time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RieseThiekenMueggenburgetal.2019,
  author    = {Riese, Miriam and Thieken, Annegret and M{\"u}ggenburg, Eva and Bubeck, Philip},
  title     = {Synergies and barriers of the possible integration of heavy rainfall for the implementation of the European Floods Directive},
  series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  volume    = {63},
  journal   = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
  address   = {Koblenz},
  issn      = {1439-1783},
  doi       = {10.5675/HyWa_2019.4_1},
  pages     = {193 -- 202},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The heavy rainfall events in recent years have caused great damage, which has increased the public awareness of the topic of heavy rainfall. For this reason, this article discusses how a systematic integration of heavy rainfall within the framework of the European Floods Directive would be possible and reasonable. For this purpose, a matrix covering possible synergies and barriers was created for all steps of the directive, which were then examined in 15 semi-structured interviews with representatives from specialized administration, the private sector and academia. Although there are some synergies, the additional effort required, especially regarding the identification of the risk areas and the higher level of detail required for risk modeling, would be so high that the European Floods Directive cannot be deemed to be an appropriate framework for heavy rainfall risk management. Nevertheless, there is a need for action, e.g. in the field of self-protection, improved risk communication to the population, combined with increased public and interagency cooperation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BubeckDillenardtAlfierietal.2019,
  author    = {Bubeck, Philip and Dillenardt, Lisa and Alfieri, Lorenzo and Feyen, Luc and Thieken, Annegret and Kellermann, Patric},
  title     = {Global warming to increase flood risk on European railways},
  series = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change},
  volume    = {155},
  journal   = {Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, intern. journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0165-0009},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10584-019-02434-5},
  pages     = {19 -- 36},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {For effective disaster risk management and adaptation planning, a good understanding of current and projected flood risk is required. Recent advances in quantifying flood risk at the regional and global scale have largely neglected critical infrastructure, or addressed this important sector with insufficient detail. Here, we present the first European-wide assessment of current and future flood risk to railway tracks for different global warming scenarios using an infrastructure-specific damage model. We find that the present risk, measured as expected annual damage, to railway networks in Europe is approx. (sic)581 million per year, with the highest risk relative to the length of the network in North Macedonia, Croatia, Norway, Portugal, and Germany. Based on an ensemble of climate projections for RCP8.5, we show that current risk to railway networks is projected to increase by 255\% under a 1.5 degrees C, by 281\% under a 2 degrees C, and by 310\% under a 3 degrees C warming scenario. The largest increases in risk under a 3 degrees C scenario are projected for Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia, and Belgium. Our advances in the projection of flood risk to railway infrastructure are important given their criticality, and because losses to public infrastructure are usually not insured or even uninsurable in the private market. To cover the risk increase due to climate change, European member states would need to increase expenditure in transport by (sic)1.22 billion annually under a 3 degrees C warming scenario without further adaptation. Limiting global warming to the 1.5 degrees C goal of the Paris Agreement would result in avoided losses of (sic)317 million annually.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{HeidenreichBuchnerWalzetal.2019,
  author    = {Heidenreich, Anna and Buchner, Martin and Walz, Ariane and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Das Besucherverhalten unter Hitzebelastung auf der Landesgartenschau W{\"u}rzburg 2018},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43018},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430185},
  pages     = {42, vii},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Auf dem Gel{\"a}nde der Landesgartenschau 2018 in W{\"u}rzburg untersuchte unsere Forschungsgruppe das Anpassungsverhalten der BesucherInnen an Hitze. Ziel war es herauszufinden, wie BesucherInnen von Großveranstaltungen Hitzetage erleben und wie sie sich w{\"a}hrend unterschiedlicher Wetterbedingungen verhalten. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse sollen Empfehlungen zur F{\"o}rderung individuellen Anpassungsverhaltens bei Hitzebelastung an Veranstalter ausgesprochen werden. An sechs aufeinanderfolgenden Wochenenden im Juli und August f{\"u}hrten wir Temperaturmessungen, Verhaltensbeobachtungen und Befragungen unter den BesucherInnen durch. Die Wetterlage an den zw{\"o}lf Erhebungstagen fiel unterschiedlich aus: Es gab sechs Hitzetage mit Temperaturen {\"u}ber 30 °C, vier warme Sommertage und zwei k{\"u}hle Regentage. Es ließen sich unterschiedliche Anpassungsmaßnahmen bei den 2741 beobachteten BesucherInnen identifizieren. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren das Tragen von leichter oder kurzer Kleidung und von Kopfbedeckungen, das Mitf{\"u}hren von Getr{\"a}nken oder Schirmen sowie das Aufhalten im Schatten oder Abk{\"u}hlen in einer Wasserfl{\"a}che. Dabei fanden sich Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Altersgruppen: J{\"u}ngere und {\"A}ltere hatten unterschiedliche Pr{\"a}ferenzen f{\"u}r einzelne Anpassungsmaßnahmen. So suchten BesucherInnen {\"u}ber 60 Jahren bevorzugt Sitzpl{\"a}tze im Schatten auf, wohingegen sich Kinder zum Abk{\"u}hlen in Wasserfl{\"a}chen aufhielten. Die Befragung von 306 BesucherInnen ergab, dass Hitzetage als st{\"a}rker belastend wahrgenommen wurden als Sommer- oder Regentage. Die Mehrheit zeigte zudem ein hohes Bewusstsein f{\"u}r die Thematik Hitzebelastung und Anpassung. Dies spiegelte sich aber nur bei einem Teil der Befragten in ihrem tats{\"a}chlich gezeigten Anpassungsmaßnahmen wider. Offizielle Hitzewarnungen des DWD waren den meisten BesucherInnen an Tagen mit ebendiesen nicht bekannt. Auf Grundlage unserer Untersuchungsergebnisse empfehlen wir eine verbesserte Risikokommunikation in Bezug auf Hitze. Veranstalter und Beh{\"o}rden m{\"u}ssen zielgruppenspezifisch denken, wenn es um die F{\"o}rderung von Hitzeanpassung geht. Angeraten werden u. a. die Schaffung von schattigen Sitzpl{\"a}tzen besonders f{\"u}r {\"a}ltere BesucherInnen und Wasserstellen, an denen Kinder und Jugendliche spielen und sich erfrischen k{\"o}nnen. Da sich Hitzewellen in Zukunft h{\"a}ufen werden, dienen die Erkenntnisse dieser Untersuchung der Planung und Durchf{\"u}hrung weiterer Open-Air-Veranstaltungen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{HudsonThiekenBubeck2019,
  author    = {Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret and Bubeck, Philip},
  title     = {The challenges of longitudinal surveys in the flood risk domain},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {759},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43409},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434092},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {There has been much research regarding the perceptions, preferences, behaviour, and responses of people exposed to flooding and other nat- ural hazards. Cross-sectional surveys have been the predominant method applied in such research. While cross-sectional data can provide a snapshot of a respondent's behaviour and perceptions, it cannot be assumed that the respondent's perceptions are constant over time. As a result, many important research questions relating to dynamic processes, such as changes in risk perceptions, adaptation behaviour, and resilience cannot be fully addressed by cross-sectional surveys. To overcome these shortcomings, there has been a call for developing longitudinal (or panel) datasets in research on natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks. However, experiences with implementing longitudinal surveys in the flood risk domain (FRD), which pose distinct methodological challenges, are largely lacking. The key problems are sample recruitment, attrition rate, and attrition bias. We present a review of the few existing longitudinal surveys in the FRD. In addition, we investigate the potential attrition bias and attrition rates in a panel dataset of flood-affected households in Germany. We find little potential for attrition bias to occur. High attrition rates across longitudinal survey waves are the larger concern. A high attrition rate rapidly depletes the longitudinal sample. To overcome high attrition, longitudinal data should be collected as part of a multisector partnership to allow for sufficient resources to implement sample retention strategies. If flood-specific panels are developed, different sample retention strategies should be applied and evaluated in future research to understand how much-needed longitudinal surveying techniques can be successfully applied to the study of individuals threatened by flooding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ThiekenBubeckRieseetal.2019,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Bubeck, Philip and Riese, Miriam and Ulbrich, Uwe and Kind, Christian and Kaiser, Theresa},
  title     = {Foreword Heavy Rain Risk Management in Germany},
  series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  volume    = {63},
  journal   = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
  address   = {Koblenz},
  issn      = {1439-1783},
  pages     = {192 -- 192},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{LopezTarazonBronstertThiekenetal.2019,
  author    = {Lopez Tarazon, Jos{\´e} Andr{\´e}s and Bronstert, Axel and Thieken, Annegret and Petrow, Theresia},
  title     = {The effects of global change on floods, fluvial geomorphology and related hazards in mountainous rivers},
  series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man},
  volume    = {669},
  journal   = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0048-9697},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.026},
  pages     = {7 -- 10},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoKellermannThiekenetal.2018,
  author    = {Otto, Antje and Kellermann, Patric and Thieken, Annegret and Costa, Maria Manez and Carmona, Maria and Bubeck, Philip},
  title     = {Risk reduction partnerships in railway transport infrastructure in an alpine environment},
  series = {International journal of disaster risk reduction},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {International journal of disaster risk reduction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2212-4209},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.10.025},
  pages     = {385 -- 397},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The transport sector is crucial for the functioning of modern societies and their economic welfares. However, it is vulnerable to natural hazards since damage and disturbances appear recurrently. Risk management of transport infrastructure is a complex task that usually involves various stakeholders from the public and private sector. Related scientific knowledge, however, is limited so far. Therefore, this paper presents detailed information on the risk management of the Austrian railway operator gathered through literature studies, in interviews, meetings and workshops. The findings reveal three decision making levels of risk reduction: 1) a superordinate level for the negotiation of frameworks and guidelines, 2) a regional to local level for the planning and implementation of structural measures and 3) a regional to local level for non-structural risk reduction measures and emergency management. On each of these levels, multi-sectoral partnerships exist that aim at reducing the risk to railway infrastructure. Chosen partnerships are evaluated applying the Capital Approach Framework and some collaborations are analyzed considering the flood and landslide events in June 2013. The evaluation reveals that the risk management of the railway operator and its partners has been successful, but there is still potential for enhancement. Difficulties are seen for instance in obtaining continuity of employees and organizational structures which can affect personal contacts and mutual trust and might hamper sharing data and experiences. Altogether, the case reveals the importance of multi-sectoral partnerships that are seen as a crucial element of risk management in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelWeiseSchroeteretal.2018,
  author    = {Vogel, Kristin and Weise, Laura and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Identifying Driving Factors in Flood-Damaging Processes Using Graphical Models},
  series = {Water resources research},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Water resources research},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0043-1397},
  doi       = {10.1029/2018WR022858},
  pages     = {8864 -- 8889},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Flood damage estimation is a core task in flood risk assessments and requires reliable flood loss models. Identifying the driving factors of flood loss at residential buildings and gaining insight into their relations is important to improve our understanding of flood damage processes. For that purpose, we learn probabilistic graphical models, which capture and illustrate (in-)dependencies between the considered variables. The models are learned based on postevent surveys with flood-affected residents after six flood events, which occurred in Germany between 2002 and 2013. Besides the sustained building damage, the survey data contain information about flooding parameters, early warning and emergency measures, property-level mitigation measures and preparedness, socioeconomic characteristics of the household, and building characteristics. The analysis considers the entire data set with a total of 4,468 cases as well as subsets of the data set partitioned into single flood events and flood types: river floods, levee breaches, surface water flooding, and groundwater floods, to reveal differences in the damaging processes. The learned networks suggest that the flood loss ratio of residential buildings is directly influenced by hydrological and hydraulic aspects as well as by building characteristics and property-level mitigation measures. The study demonstrates also that for different flood events and process types the building damage is influenced by varying factors. This suggests that flood damage models need to be capable of reproducing these differences for spatial and temporal model transfers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BubeckBotzenLaudanetal.2018,
  author    = {Bubeck, Philip and Botzen, W. J. Wouter and Laudan, Jonas and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Insights into flood-coping appraisals of protection motivation theory},
  series = {Risk analysis},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Risk analysis},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0272-4332},
  doi       = {10.1111/risa.12938},
  pages     = {1239 -- 1257},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Protection motivation theory (PMT) has become a popular theory to explain the risk-reducing behavior of residents against natural hazards. PMT captures the two main cognitive processes that individuals undergo when faced with a threat, namely, threat appraisal and coping appraisal. The latter describes the evaluation of possible response measures that may reduce or avert the perceived threat. Although the coping appraisal component of PMT was found to be a better predictor of protective intentions and behavior, little is known about the factors that influence individuals' coping appraisals of natural hazards. More insight into flood-coping appraisals of PMT, therefore, are needed to better understand the decision-making process of individuals and to develop effective risk communication strategies. This study presents the results of two surveys among more than 1,600 flood-prone households in Germany and France. Five hypotheses were tested using multivariate statistics regarding factors related to flood-coping appraisals, which were derived from the PMT framework, related literature, and the literature on social vulnerability. We found that socioeconomic characteristics alone are not sufficient to explain flood-coping appraisals. Particularly, observational learning from the social environment, such as friends and neighbors, is positively related to flood-coping appraisals. This suggests that social norms and networks play an important role in flood-preparedness decisions. Providing risk and coping information can also have a positive effect. Given the strong positive influence of the social environment on flood-coping appraisals, future research should investigate how risk communication can be enhanced by making use of the observed social norms and network effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NathoThieken2018,
  author    = {Natho, Stephanie and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Implementation and adaptation of a macro-scale method to assess and monitor direct economic losses caused by natural hazards},
  series = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2212-4209},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.008},
  pages     = {191 -- 205},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {As one of the 195 member countries of the United Nations, Germany signed the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR). Among other targets, the SFDRR aims at reducing direct economic losses caused by natural hazards by 2030. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) has hence proposed a methodology for estimating direct economic losses per event and country, based on experiences from developing countries. Since its usability in industrialized countries is unknown, this study presents the first implementation and validation of this approach in Germany. The methodology was tested for the three costliest natural hazard types in Germany, i.e. floods, wind and hail storms, considering 12 case studies between 1984 and 2016. Although the event-specific input data requirements are restricted to the number of damaged or destroyed units per sector, incomplete event documentations did not allow a full validation of all sectors necessary to describe the total direct economic loss. New modules (cars, forestry, paved roads, housing contents and overall costs of urban infrastructure) were developed to better adapt this methodology to German conditions. Whereas the original UNISDR methodology both over-and underestimates the losses of the tested events by a wide margin, the adapted methodology is able to calculate losses accounting well for all event types except for flash floods. Hence, this approach serves as a good starting point for macro-scale loss estimations. By implementing this approach into damage and event documentation and reporting standards, a consistent monitoring of the SFDRR could be achieved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoHornbergThieken2018,
  author    = {Otto, Antje and Hornberg, Anja and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Local controversies of flood risk reduction measures in Germany},
  series = {Journal of flood risk management},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Journal of flood risk management},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1753-318X},
  doi       = {10.1111/jfr3.12227},
  pages     = {S382 -- S394},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In light of the flood event in June 2013, local disputes of flood risk reduction measures became a public concern in Germany, as it was argued that these controversies delayed the implementation of flood defence schemes and thus aggravated the flood impacts. However, actual knowledge about such disputes is generally quite limited. Therefore, this paper uses different empirical approaches to present first an explorative overview of such ongoing controversies with a focus on the measures under dispute and their geographical distribution. Second, current insights in the disputes are delineated, and the following four central conflict lines are expounded: (1) the desire for safety, (2) arguments of nature and landscape protection, (3) questions regarding economic development, and (4) participation issues. The results are discussed comprehensively, and conclusions are drawn regarding further research as well as planning practice in the field of risk reduction measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{ThiekenDierckDunstetal.2018,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Dierck, Julia and Dunst, Lea and G{\"o}pfert, Christian and Heidenreich, Anna and Hetz, Karen and Kern, Julia and Kern, Kristine and Lipp, Torsten and Lippert, Cordine and Meves, Monika and Niederhafner, Stefan and Otto, Antje and Rohrbacher, Christian and Schmidt, Katja and Strate, Leander and Stumpp, Inga and Walz, Ariane},
  title     = {Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen - Typologien und Transfer von Anpassungsstrategien in kleinen Großst{\"a}dten und Mittelst{\"a}dten (ExTrass)},
  organization    = {Leibniz-Institut f{\"u}r Raumbezogene Sozialforschung, adelphi research gGmbH},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416067},
  pages     = {102},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Weltweit verursachen St{\"a}dte etwa 70 \% der Treibhausgasemissionen und sind daher wichtige Akteure im Klimaschutz bzw. eine wichtige Zielgruppe von Klimapolitiken. Gleichzeitig sind St{\"a}dte besonders stark von m{\"o}glichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels betroffen: Insbesondere extreme Wetterereignisse wie Hitzewellen oder Starkregenereignisse mit {\"U}berflutungen verursachen in St{\"a}dten hohe Sachsch{\"a}den und wirken sich negativ auf die Gesundheit der st{\"a}dtischen Bev{\"o}lkerung aus. Daher verfolgt das Projekt ExTrass das Ziel, die st{\"a}dtische Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Stadtverwaltungen, Strukturen des Bev{\"o}lkerungsschutzes und der Zivilgesellschaft zu st{\"a}rken. Im Fokus stehen dabei (kreisfreie) Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dte mit 50.000 bis 500.000 Einwohnern, insbesondere die Fallstudienst{\"a}dte Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg. Der vorliegende Bericht beinhaltet die Ergebnisse der 14-monatigen Definitionsphase von ExTrass, in der vor allem die Abstimmung eines Arbeitsprogramms im Mittelpunkt stand, das in einem nachfolgenden dreij{\"a}hrigen Forschungsprojekt (F+E-Phase) gemeinsam von Wissenschaft und Praxispartnern umgesetzt werden soll. Begleitend wurde eine Bestandsaufnahme von Klimaanpassungs- und Klimaschutzstrategien/-pl{\"a}nen in 99 deutschen Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dten vorgenommen. Zudem wurden f{\"u}r Potsdam und W{\"u}rzburg Pfadanalysen f{\"u}r die Klimapolitik durchgef{\"u}hrt. Darin wird insbesondere die Bedeutung von Schl{\"u}sselakteuren deutlich. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen von Stakeholder-Workshops Anpassungsherausforderungen und aktuelle Handlungsbedarfe in den Fallstudienst{\"a}dten identifiziert und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze erarbeitet, die in der F+E-Phase entwickelt und getestet werden sollen. Neben Maßnahmen auf gesamtst{\"a}dtischer Ebene und auf Stadtteilebene wurden Maßnahmen angestrebt, die die Risikowahrnehmung, Vorsorge und Selbsthilfef{\"a}higkeit von Unternehmen und Bev{\"o}lkerung st{\"a}rken k{\"o}nnen. Daher wurde der Stand der Risikokommunikation in Deutschland f{\"u}r das Projekt aufgearbeitet und eine erste Evaluation von Risikokommunikationswerkzeugen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der Bericht endet mit einer Kurzfassung des Arbeitsprogramms 2018-2021.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KreibichMuellerSchroeteretal.2017,
  author    = {Kreibich, Heidi and M{\"u}ller, Meike and Schr{\"o}ter, Kai and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-17-2075-2017},
  pages     = {2075 -- 2092},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 \%) and companies (45 \%) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 \%) and companies (3 \%) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10\% in 2002 to 34\% in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoxThieken2017,
  author    = {Kox, Thomas and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {To act or not to act? Factors influencing the general public's decision about Whether to Take Protective Action against Severe Weather},
  series = {Weather, climate \& society},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Weather, climate \& society},
  publisher = {American Meteorological Soc.},
  address   = {Boston},
  issn      = {1948-8327},
  doi       = {10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0078.1},
  pages     = {299 -- 315},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Research suggests that providing weather forecast end users with additional information about the forecast uncertainty of a possible event can enhance the preparation of mitigation measures. But not all users have the same threshold for taking action. This paper focuses on the question of whether there are influencing factors that determine decision thresholds for numerical weather forecast information beginning at which the general public would start to take protective action. In spring 2014, 1342 residents of Berlin, Germany participated in a survey. Questions related to the following topics: perception of and prior experience with severe weather, trustworthiness of forecasters and confidence in weather forecasts, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Within the questionnaire a scenario was created in order to determine individual decision thresholds and see whether subgroups of the sample lead to different thresholds.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpekkersRoezerThiekenetal.2017,
  author    = {Spekkers, Matthieu and Roezer, Viktor and Thieken, Annegret and ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire and Kreibich, Heidi},
  title     = {A comparative survey of the impacts of extreme rainfall in two international case studies},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-17-1337-2017},
  pages     = {1337 -- 1355},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}