@article{ClahsenJessen2019,
  author    = {Clahsen, Harald and Jessen, Anna},
  title     = {Do bilingual children lag behind? A study of morphological encoding using ERPs},
  series = {Journal of child language},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Journal of child language},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0305-0009},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0305000919000321},
  pages     = {955 -- 979},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The current study investigates how bilingual children encode and produce morphologically complex words. We employed a silent-production-plus-delayed-vocalization paradigm in which event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during silent encoding of inflected words which were subsequently cued to be overtly produced. The bilingual children's spoken responses and their ERPs were compared to previous datasets from monolingual children on the same task. We found an enhanced negativity for regular relative to irregular forms during silent production in both bilingual children's languages, replicating the ERP effect previously obtained from monolingual children. Nevertheless, the bilingual children produced more morphological errors (viz. over-regularizations) than monolingual children. We conclude that mechanisms of morphological encoding (as measured by ERPs) are parallel for bilingual and monolingual children, and that the increased over-regularization rates are due to their reduced exposure to each of the two languages (relative to monolingual children).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ClahsenJessen2020,
  author    = {Clahsen, Harald and Jessen, Anna},
  title     = {Variability and its limits in bilingual word recognition},
  series = {The mental lexicon},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {The mental lexicon},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1871-1340},
  doi       = {10.1075/ml.20013.cla},
  pages     = {295 -- 329},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This study examines the processing of morphologically complex words focusing on how morphological (in addition to orthographic and semantic) factors affect bilingual word recognition. We report findings from a large experimental study with groups of bilingual (Turkish/German) speakers using the visual masked-priming technique. We found morphologically mediated effects on the response speed and the inter-individual variability within the bilingual participant group. We conclude that the grammar (qua morphological parsing) not only enhances speed of processing in bilingual language processing but also yields more uniform performance and thereby constrains variability within a group of otherwise heterogeneous individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}