@misc{MorrisSaltRailaetal.2012,
  author    = {Morris, Penelope J. and Salt, Carina and Raila, Jens and Brenten, Thomas and Kohn, Barbara and Schweigert, Florian J. and Zentek, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs},
  series = {Potsprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Potsprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {686},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41492},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414929},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EspeRailaHenzeetal.2012,
  author    = {Espe, Katharina M. and Raila, Jens and Henze, Andrea and Blouin, Katja and Schneider, A. and Schmiedeke, D. and Krane, Vera and Schweigert, Florian J. and Hocher, Berthold and Wanner, Christoph and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Low vitamin E plasma levels are associated with cerebrovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients},
  series = {Annals of nutrition \& metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS)},
  volume    = {60},
  booktitle = {Annals of nutrition \& metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS)},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0250-6807},
  pages     = {137 -- 137},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlterOttvonWebskyetal.2012,
  author    = {Alter, Markus L. and Ott, Ina M. and von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Sharkovska, Yuliya and Krause-Relle, Katharina and Raila, Jens and Henze, Andrea and Klein, Thomas and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {DPP-4 Inhibition on top of angiotensin receptor blockade offers a new therapeutic approach for diabetic nephropathy},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000341487},
  pages     = {119 -- 130},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: The need for an improved treatment for diabetic nephropathy is greatest in patients who do not adequately respond to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). This study investigated the effect of the novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin alone and in combination with the ARB telmisartan on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice. Methods: Sixty male eNOS knockout C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups after receiving intraperitoneal high-dose streptozotocin: telmisartan (1 mg/kg), linagliptin (3 mg/kg), linagliptin + telmisartan (3 mg/kg + 1 mg/kg) and vehicle. Fourteen mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Results: After 12 weeks, urine and blood were obtained and blood pressure measured. Glucose concentrations were increased and similar in all diabetic groups. Telmisartan alone reduced systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg versus diabetic controls (111.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg vs 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg; mean +/- SEM; P = 0.071). Combined treatment significantly reduced albuminuria compared with diabetic controls (71.7 +/- 15.3 mu g/24 h vs 170.8 +/- 34.2 mu g/24 h; P = 0.017), whereas the effects of single treatment with either telmisartan (97.8 +/- 26.4 mu g/24 h) or linagliptin (120.8 +/- 37.7 mu g/24 h) were not statistically significant. DPP-4 inhibition, alone and in combination, led to significantly lower plasma osteopontin levels compared with telmisartan alone. Histological analysis revealed reduced glomerulosclerosis after Linagliptin alone and in combination with telmisartan in comparison to non treated diabetic animals (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Kidney malonaldehyde immune-reactivity, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly lower in animals treated with linagliptin. Conclusions: DPP-4 inhibition on top of ARB treatment significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion and oxidative stress in diabetic eNOS knockout mice. Linagliptin on top of an angiotensin II receptor blocker may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with diabetic nephropathy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RailaEnjalbertMothesetal.2012,
  author    = {Raila, Jens and Enjalbert, Francis and Mothes, Ralf and Hurtienne, Andrea and Schweigert, Florian J.},
  title     = {Validation of a new point-of-care assay for determination of ss-carotene concentration in bovine whole blood and plasma},
  series = {Veterinary clinical pathology},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Veterinary clinical pathology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0275-6382},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1939-165X.2012.00400.x},
  pages     = {119 -- 122},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: beta-Carotene is an important precursor of vitamin A, and is associated with bovine fertility. beta-Carotene concentrations in plasma are used to optimize beta-carotene supplementation in cattle, but measurement requires specialized equipment to separate plasma and extract and measure beta-carotene, either using spectrophotometry or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Objective: The objective of this study was to validate a new 2-step point-of-care (POC) assay for measuring beta-carotene in whole blood and plasma. Methods: beta-carotene concentrations in plasma from 166 cows were measured using HPLC and compared with results obtained using a POC assay, the iCheck-iEx-Carotene test kit. Whole blood samples from 23 of these cattle were also evaluated using the POC assay and compared with HPLC-plasma results from the same 23 animals. The POC assay includes an extraction vial (iEx Carotene) and hand-held photometer (iCheck Carotene). Results: Concentrations of beta-carotene in plasma measured using the POC assay ranged from 0.40 to 15.84 mg/L (n = 166). No differences were observed between methods for assay of plasma (mean +/- SD; n = 166): HPLC-plasma 4.23 +/- 2.35 mg/L; POC-plasma 4.49 +/- 2.36 mg/L. Similar good agreement was found when plasma analyzed using HPLC was compared with whole blood analyzed using the POC system (n = 23): HPLC-plasma 3.46 +/- 2.12 mg/L; POC-whole blood 3.67 +/- 2.29 mg/L. Conclusions: Concentrations of beta-carotene can be measured in blood and plasma from cattle easily and rapidly using a POC assay, and results are comparable to those obtained by the highly sophisticated HPLC method. Immediate feedback regarding beta-carotene deficiency facilitates rapid and appropriate optimization of beta-carotene supplementation in feed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PiechottaRailaRicketal.2012,
  author    = {Piechotta, Marion and Raila, Jens and Rick, Markus and Beyerbach, Martin and Hoppen, Hans-Otto},
  title     = {Serum transthyretin concentration is decreased in dogs with nonthyroidal illness},
  series = {Veterinary clinical pathology},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Veterinary clinical pathology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0275-6382},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00394.x},
  pages     = {110 -- 113},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Hypothyroidism in dogs is often difficult to diagnose owing to nonspecific clinical signs and laboratory test results that can be mimicked by nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Thyroxine (T4) circulates in blood mainly bound to T4-binding globulin and, to a lesser degree, transthyretin (TTR) and albumin. The concentration of total T4 depends on the concentrations of these binding proteins. Objectives: We hypothesized that dogs with NTI and decreased serum total T4 concentrations would have decreased serum TTR concentrations. The objective of the study was to measure and compare serum TTR concentrations in healthy dogs, in dogs with NTI and low serum T4 concentrations, and in dogs with hypothyroidism. Methods: Assignment of dogs to 3 groups was based on physical examination and serum concentrations of T4 and TSH (mean +/- SD): for healthy dogs (n = 13), T4 was 24.8 +/- 3.6 nmol/L and TSH was 0.15 +/- 0.08 mu g/L; for dogs with NTI and low T4 (n = 20), T4 was 3.2 +/- 3.0 nmol/L and TSH was 0.18 +/- 0.13 mu g/L; and for hypothyroid dogs (n = 19), T4 was 5.3 +/- 4.3 nmol/L and TSH was 2.33 +/- 1.90 mu g/L). TTR concentrations in serum were determined semiquantitatively using western blot analysis. Results: Serum TTR concentration (mean +/- SD) was decreased in the dogs with NTI (24.8 +/- 7.9 mg/L) compared with that of hypothyroid dogs (41.1 +/- 21.4 mg/L, P = .0035). Differences were not found between TTR concentrations in clinically healthy dogs (33.3 +/- 10.1 mg/L) and hypothyroid dogs or dogs with NTI. Conclusions: Serum TTR concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs with NTI and low T4 compared with concentrations in hypothyroid dogs. Additional studies should be done to determine if TTR concentrations can discriminate between dogs with NTI and low T4 and dogs with primary hypothyroidism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhalilRailaAlietal.2012,
  author    = {Khalil, Mahmoud and Raila, Jens and Ali, Mostafa and Islam, Khan M. S. and Schenk, Regina and Krause, Jens-Peter and Schweigert, Florian J. and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal},
  title     = {Stability and bioavailability of lutein ester supplements from Tagetes flower prepared under food processing conditions},
  series = {Journal of functional food},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Journal of functional food},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1756-4646},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jff.2012.03.006},
  pages     = {602 -- 610},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Tagetes spp. belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is recognized as a major source of lutein ester (lutein esterified with fatty acids such as lauric, myristic and palmitic acids), a natural colorant belonging to the xanthophylls or oxygenated carotenoids. Four species of Tagetes flower (Tagetes tenuifolia, Tagetes erecta, Tagetes patula, and Tagetes lucida) were used to extract lutein and lutein esters with three different methods. The results showed that T. erecta, type "orangeprinz", is the richest source of lutein esters (14.4 +/- 0.234 mg/g) in comparison to other Tagetes spp. No significant differences between extractions of lutein esters with medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) oil, orange oil or solvent (hexane/isopropanol) could be observed. MCT oil also improved stability of lutein esters at 100 degrees C for 40 min. Emulsification of MCT oil improved the stability of lutein ester extract against UV light at 365 nm for 72 h. Finally, an emulsion was prepared under food processing conditions, spray dried and its bioavailability investigated in a preliminary human intervention study. The results show a lower resorption, but further data suggest improvements in implementation of such supplements. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttAltervonWebskyetal.2012,
  author    = {Ott, Ina M. and Alter, Markus L. and von Websky, Karoline and Kretschmer, Axel and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Sharkovska, Yuliya and Krause-Relle, Katharina and Raila, Jens and Henze, Andrea and Stasch, Johannes-Peter and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Effects of Stimulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase on Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic eNOS Knockout Mice on Top of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE},
  address   = {SAN FRANCISCO},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0042623},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), is rising worldwide and prevention and treatment are therefore becoming increasingly important. Therapy of DN is particularly important for patients who do not adequately respond to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. Novel approaches include the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as it is reported to have beneficial effects on cardiac and renal damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of the sGC stimulator riociguat and ARB telmisartan on kidney function and structure in a hypertensive model of diabetic nephropathy. Seventy-six diabetic male eNOS knockout C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided after having received streptozotocin: telmisartan (1 mg/kg/d), riociguat (3 mg/kg/d), riociguat+telmisartan (3+1 mg/kg/d), and vehicle. Fourteen mice were used as non-diabetic controls. Treatment duration was 11 weeks. Glucose concentrations were increased and similar in all diabetic groups. Telmisartan insignificantly reduced blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg compared with diabetic controls (111.2 +/- 2.3 mmHg vs. 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg; p = 0.071). Treatment with riociguat both alone and in combination with telmisartan led to a significant reduction of blood pressure towards diabetic vehicle (105.2 +/- 2.5 mmHg and 105.0 +/- 3.2 mmHg, respectively, vs. 117.1 +/- 2.2 mmHg). Combined treatment also significantly decreased albuminuria compared with diabetic controls (47.3 +/- 9.6 mu g/24 h vs. 170.8 +/- 34.2 mu g/24 h; p = 0.002) reaching levels similar to those of non-diabetic controls (34.4 +/- 10.6 mu g/24 h), whereas the reduction by single treatment with either telmisartan (97.8 +/- 26.4 mu g/24 h) or riociguat (97.1 +/- 15.7 mu g/24 h) was not statistically significant. The combination treatment led to a significant (p < 0.01) decrease of tissue immunoreactivity of malondialdehyde, as consequence of reduced oxidative stress. In conclusion, stimulation of sGC significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion in diabetic eNOS knockout mice treated already with ARB. Thus, this new drug class on top of standard ARBs administration may offer a new therapeutic approach for patients resistant to ARB treatment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchuppRailaWitteetal.2012,
  author    = {Schupp, M. and Raila, Jens and Witte, N. and Tuvia, N. and M{\"u}nzner, Matthias},
  title     = {RBP4 and its membrane receptor stra6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {55},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S93 -- S93},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EliasMiroMassipSalcedoRailaetal.2012,
  author    = {Elias-Miro, Maria and Massip-Salcedo, Marta and Raila, Jens and Schweigert, Florian J. and Mendes-Braz, Mariana and Ramalho, Fernando and Jimenez-Castro, Monica B. and Casillas-Ramirez, Arani and Bermudo, Raquel and Rimola, Antoni and Rodes, Juan and Peralta, Carmen},
  title     = {Retinol binding protein 4 and retinol in steatotic and nonsteatotic rat livers in the setting of partial hepatectomy under ischemia/reperfusion},
  series = {Liver transplantation},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Liver transplantation},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1527-6465},
  doi       = {10.1002/lt.23489},
  pages     = {1198 -- 1208},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Steatotic livers show increased hepatic damage and impaired regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. The known function of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is to transport retinol in the circulation. We examined whether modulating RBP4 and/or retinol could protect steatotic and nonsteatotic livers in the setting of PH under I/R. Steatotic and nonsteatotic livers from Zucker rats were subjected to PH (70\%) with 60 minutes of ischemia. RBP4 and retinol levels were measured and altered pharmacologically, and their effects on hepatic damage and regeneration were studied after reperfusion. Decreased RBP4 levels were observed in both liver types, whereas retinol levels were reduced only in steatotic livers. RBP4 administration exacerbated the negative consequences of liver surgery with respect to damage and liver regeneration in both liver types. RBP4 affected the mobilization of retinol from steatotic livers, and this revealed actions of RBP4 independent of simple retinol transport. The injurious effects of RBP4 were not due to changes in retinol levels. Treatment with retinol was effective only for steatotic livers. Indeed, retinol increased hepatic injury and impaired liver regeneration in nonsteatotic livers. In steatotic livers, retinol reduced damage and improved regeneration after surgery. These benefits of retinol were associated with a reduced accumulation of hepatocellular fat. Thus, strategies based on modulating RBP4 could be ineffective and possibly even harmful in both liver types in the setting of PH under I/R. In terms of clinical applications, a retinol pretreatment might open new avenues for liver surgery that specifically benefit the steatotic liver. Liver Transpl 18:1198-1208, 2012.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HenzeEspeWanneretal.2012,
  author    = {Henze, Andrea and Espe, Katharina M. and Wanner, Christoph and Krane, Vera and Raila, Jens and Hocher, Berthold and Schweigert, Florian J. and Drechsler, Christiane},
  title     = {Transthyretin predicts cardiovascular outcome in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes},
  series = {Diabetes care},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Diabetes care},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {American Diabetes Association},
  address   = {Alexandria},
  issn      = {0149-5992},
  doi       = {10.2337/dc12-0455},
  pages     = {2365 -- 2372},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {OBJECTIVE-BMI and albumin are commonly accepted parameters to recognize wasting in dialysis patients and are powerful predictors of morbidity and mortality. However, both parameters reveal limitations and may not cover the entire range of patients with wasting. The visceral protein transthyretin (TTR) may be helpful in overcoming the diagnostic and prognostic gap. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association of TTR with morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The TTR concentration was determined in plasma samples of 1,177 hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. Cox regression analyses were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of cardiovascular end points (CVEs) and mortality according to quartiles of TTR concentration for the total study cohort and the subgroups BMI >= 23 kg/m(2), albumin concentration >= 3.8 g/dL, and a combination of both. RESULTS-A low TTR concentration was associated with an increased risk for CVE for the total study cohort (HR 1.65 [95\% CI 1.27-2.14]), patients with BMI >= 23 kg/m(2) (1.70 [1.22-2.37]), albumin >= 3.8 g/dL (1.68 [1.17-2.42]), and the combination of both (1.69 [1.13-2.53]). Additionally, a low TTR concentration predicted mortality for the total study cohort (1.79 [1.43-2.24]) and patients with BMI >= 23 kg/m(2) (1.46 [1.09-1.95]). CONCLUSIONS-The current study demonstrated that TTR is a useful predictor for cardiovascular outcome and mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. TTR was particularly useful in patients who were not identified to be at risk by BMI or albumin status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UngruBlueherCoenenetal.2012,
  author    = {Ungru, J. and Bl{\"u}her, M. and C{\"o}nen, M. and Raila, Jens and Boston, R. and Vervuert, I.},
  title     = {Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies},
  series = {The veterinary record},
  volume    = {171},
  journal   = {The veterinary record},
  number    = {21},
  publisher = {British Veterinary Association},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0042-4900},
  doi       = {10.1136/vr.100911},
  pages     = {528 -- +},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Fifteen obese ponies were used in a body weight (BW) reduction programme (BWRP, daily energy intake: 7.0-8.4 MJ/100 kg BW). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of the tail head were obtained for mRNA gene expression profiles of adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and macrophage activation marker (CD68) before and after BWRP. Blood samples were analysed for serum leptin, serum RBP4 and plasma adiponectin. Significant BW losses occurred with 7 MJ DE/100 kg BW. Serum leptin and RBP4 were initially similar between insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) ponies, and both significantly decreased during BWRP. Compared with IS ponies, IR ponies initially had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. At the beginning of BWRP, mRNA expression of RBP4, adiponectin, IL-6 and CD68 was similar between IR and IS ponies. Plasma adiponectin was strongly related to IR, whereas serum leptin and RBP4 were closely linked to adiposity, independent of insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue mRNA expression profiles did not clearly reflect these differences. However, the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in IR remains open.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MorrisSaltRailaetal.2012,
  author    = {Morris, Penelope J. and Salt, Carina and Raila, Jens and Brenten, Thomas and Kohn, Barbara and Schweigert, Florian J. and Zentek, Juergen},
  title     = {Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs},
  series = {BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION},
  volume    = {108},
  journal   = {BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS},
  address   = {CAMBRIDGE},
  issn      = {0007-1145},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0007114512000128},
  pages     = {1800 -- 1809},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrafRailaSchweigertetal.2012,
  author    = {Graf, Christine and Raila, Jens and Schweigert, Florian J. and Kohn, Barbara},
  title     = {Effect of leukoreduction treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in stored canine blood transfusion products},
  series = {American journal of veterinary research},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {American journal of veterinary research},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
  address   = {Schaumburg},
  issn      = {0002-9645},
  pages     = {2001 -- 2006},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Objective-To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in canine blood products treated with or without a leukoreduction filter. Sample-10 canine blood donors. Procedures-Dogs underwent blood collection. Five of 10 units were leukoreduced prior to separation into packed RBCs and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Concentrations of VEGF were measured by ELISA in plasma supernatants from aliquots of packed RBCs obtained immediately after separation and on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage. Fresh frozen plasma samples of 2 filtered and 2 nonfiltered units were examined after storage. Results-RBC counts in whole blood before and after leukoreduction did not differ significantly, but WBCs and platelets were removed effectively. The VEGF concentration was lower than the detection limit (9 pg/mL) in 9 of 10 plasma samples and in all packed RBC and FFP units immediately after separation. The median VEGF concentrations in 5 nonfiltered packed RBC units were 37, 164, and 110 pg/mL on days 7, 14, and 21 of storage, respectively. In 5 filtered packed RBC and all FFP units, VEGF concentrations remained lower than the detection limit. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Leukoreduction filters were effective in preventing the release of VEGF during storage of canine RBC products.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerRailaAltenkampetal.2012,
  author    = {Mueller, K. and Raila, Jens and Altenkamp, Rainer and Schmidt, D. and Dietrich, R. and Hurtienne, Andrea and Wink, M. and Krone, O. and Brunnberg, Leo and Schweigert, Florian J.},
  title     = {Concentrations of retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol, and retinyl esters in plasma of free-ranging birds of prey},
  series = {Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition},
  volume    = {96},
  journal   = {Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0931-2439},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01219.x},
  pages     = {1044 -- 1053},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This study investigated vitamin A compounds in the plasma of healthy free-ranging Central European raptors with different feeding strategies. Plasma samples of nestlings of white-tailed sea eagle [white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE), Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) and adults of WTSE (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45) were investigated with reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In WTSE, northern goshawks and common buzzards retinol were the main plasma component of vitamin A, whilst in ospreys and honey buzzards, 3,4-didehydroretinol predominated. The median of the retinol plasma concentration in the nestlings group ranged from 0.12 to 3.80 mu M and in the adult group from 0.15 to 6.13 mu M. Median plasma concentrations of 3,4-didehydroretinol in nestlings ranged from 0.06 to 3.55 mu M. In adults, northern goshawks had the lowest plasma concentration of 3,4-didehydroretinol followed by WTSE and ospreys. The plasma of all investigated species contained retinyl esters (palmitate, oleate, and stearate). The results show considerable species-specific differences in the vitamin A plasma concentrations that might be caused by different nutrition strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}