@article{Braun2008,
  author    = {Braun, Jutta},
  title     = {"Dopen f{\"u}r Deutschland" : die Diskussion im vereinten Sport 1990-1992},
  isbn      = {978-3-412-20123-4},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Braun1999,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian},
  title     = {"Exzellenz" als Maßstab nationaler Elitenrekrutierung},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Teichler1997,
  author    = {Teichler, Hans Joachim},
  title     = {"Hat sich der Sozialismus {\"u}berhaupt bew{\"a}hrt?" : die Leiterinformationen der dem StKS unterstellten Einrichtungen aus dem Jahr 1988/1989 am Beispiel der DHfK},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Burrmann2005,
  author    = {Burrmann, Ulrike},
  title     = {"KICK Brandenburg" die Rolle von Sport in der gewaltpr{\"a}ventiven Jugendareit},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Richartz1996,
  author    = {Richartz, Alfred},
  title     = {"Leistungssport muß weh tun" : wie jugendliche Hochleistungssportler Verletzungen und Belastungserscheinungen bew{\"a}ltigen},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Braun2009,
  author    = {Braun, Jutta},
  title     = {"Republikflucht" und "Fluchthelfer" : ein verdr{\"a}ngtes Kapitel deutsch-deutscher Sportbeziehungen},
  isbn      = {978-3-643-10338-3},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Braun2001,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian},
  title     = {"Selbstmanagement" versus "Staatsamateur" : Spitzensportkarrieren in Deutschland und Frankreich},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Stahl2007,
  author    = {Stahl, Silvester},
  title     = {"So richtig Sport" - Differenzierungsmuster im Sportverst{\"a}ndnis von Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-939390-97-8},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Braun2003,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian},
  title     = {"Social capital" oder "capital social"? : Begriffsspielerei als Gesellschaftsanalyse ; soziales Kapital als sozialwissenschaftliches und gesellschaftspolitisches Problem},
  isbn      = {3-89124-974-8},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Braun2007,
  author    = {Braun, Jutta},
  title     = {"Very nice, the enemies are gone!" : coming to terms with GDR sports since 1989/90},
  issn      = {0172-6404},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Als die SED-Diktatur zusammenbrach, {\"u}bte der Glanz der ostdeutschen Medaillen nach wie vor eine große Anziehungskraft aus, vor allem auf westdeutsche Sportpolitiker. Der Sport war ein Spezialfall der deutschen Vereinigung, da hier der Westen vom Osten zu lernen hoffte. Bald jedoch wurden die dunklen Seiten des DDR-Sports offensichtlich: die Verstrickung mit dem Ministerium f{\"u}r Staatsicherheit ebenso wie das staatlich forcierte Zwangsdoping. Bis heute gehen die Meinungen {\"u}ber den DDR-Sport weit auseinander: w{\"a}hrend die Einen ihn als repressiv und unmenschlich verurteilen, wird er von den Anderen gleichzeitig als Organisationsvorbild f{\"u}r die Zukunft gehandelt.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Braun2000,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian},
  title     = {"Wohltuende Inseln der Stabilit{\"a}t" : die Sportvereine als Synchronisationsfaktor zwischen dem politischen und sozialen Wandel in Ostdeutschland},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{FinkelmannHofmannKochetal.1998,
  author    = {Finkelmann, B. and Hofmann, H. and Koch, Uwe and Telschow, Stephan},
  title     = {10 Jahre Projekt "Sport mit Aussiedlern"},
  publisher = {Deutscher Sportbund},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  pages     = {50 S.},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Spitzer1996,
  author    = {Spitzer, Giselher},
  title     = {1936 : die Olympischen Spiele und der Nationalsozialismus : eine Dokumentation; Argon, Berlin, 1996},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Teichler1996,
  author    = {Teichler, Hans Joachim},
  title     = {1936 : die Olympischen Spiele und der Nationalsozialismus ; eine Dokumentation},
  editor    = {R{\"u}rup, Reinhard},
  publisher = {Verl. Argon},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {248 S.},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Helmke1995,
  author    = {Helmke, Christa},
  title     = {2. Internationale Session f{\"u}r Hochschullehrer und Sportp{\"a}dagogen an der Olympischen Akademie},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@unpublished{PetrocziBackhouseBarkoukisetal.2015,
  author    = {Petroczi, Andrea and Backhouse, Susan H. and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Brand, Ralf and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Lazuras, Larnbros and Lucidi, Fabio},
  title     = {A call for policy guidance on psychometric testing in doping control in sport},
  series = {International journal of drug policy},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {International journal of drug policy},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0955-3959},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.022},
  pages     = {1130 -- 1139},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {One of the fundamental challenges in anti-doping is identifying athletes who use, or are at risk of using, prohibited performance enhancing substances. The growing trend to employ a forensic approach to doping control aims to integrate information from social sciences (e.g., psychology of doping) into organised intelligence to protect clean sport. Beyond the foreseeable consequences of a positive identification as a doping user, this task is further complicated by the discrepancy between what constitutes a doping offence in the World Anti-Doping Code and operationalized in doping research. Whilst psychology plays an important role in developing our understanding of doping behaviour in order to inform intervention and prevention, its contribution to the array of doping diagnostic tools is still in its infancy. In both research and forensic settings, we must acknowledge that (1) socially desirable responding confounds self-reported psychometric test results and (2) that the cognitive complexity surrounding test performance means that the response-time based measures and the lie detector tests for revealing concealed life-events (e.g., doping use) are prone to produce false or non-interpretable outcomes in field settings. Differences in social-cognitive characteristics of doping behaviour that are tested at group level (doping users vs. non-users) cannot be extrapolated to individuals; nor these psychometric measures used for individual diagnostics. In this paper, we present a position statement calling for policy guidance on appropriate use of psychometric assessments in the pursuit of clean sport. We argue that, to date, both self-reported and response-time based psychometric tests for doping have been designed, tested and validated to explore how athletes feel and think about doping in order to develop a better understanding of doping behaviour, not to establish evidence for doping. A false 'positive' psychological profile for doping affects not only the individual 'clean' athlete but also their entourage, their organisation and sport itself. The proposed policy guidance aims to protect the global athletic community against social, ethical and legal consequences from potential misuse of psychological tests, including erroneous or incompetent applications as forensic diagnostic tools in both practice and research. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WangFritzschBernardingetal.2013,
  author    = {Wang, Jing and Fritzsch, Claire and Bernarding, Johannes and Holtze, Susanne and Mauritz, Karl-Heinz and Brunetti, Maddalena and Dohle, Christian},
  title     = {A comparison of neural mechanisms in mirror therapy and movement observation therapy},
  series = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Foundation for Rehabilitation Information},
  address   = {Uppsala},
  issn      = {1650-1977},
  doi       = {10.2340/16501977-1127},
  pages     = {410 -- 413},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective: To compare lateralized cerebral activations elicited during self-initiated movement mirroring and observation of movements. Subjects: A total of 15 right-handed healthy subjects, age range 22-56 years. Methods: Functional imaging study comparing movement mirroring with movement observation, in both hands, in an otherwise identical setting. Imaging data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping software, with significance threshold set at p<0.01 (false discovery rate) and a minimum cluster size of 20 voxels. Results: Movement mirroring induced additional activation in primary and higher-order visual areas strictly contralateral to the limb seen by the subject. There was no significant difference of brain activity when comparing movement observation of somebody else's right hand with left hand. Conclusion: Lateralized cerebral activations are elicited by inversion of visual feedback (movement mirroring), but not by movement observation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JafamezhadgeroShadMajlesietal.2017,
  author    = {Jafamezhadgero, Amir Ali and Shad, Morteza Madadi and Majlesi, Mahdi and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {A comparison of running kinetics in children with and without genu varus: A cross sectional study},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0185057},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Introduction Varus knee alignment has been identified as a risk factor for the progression of medial knee osteoarthritis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated yet in children. Thus, the aims of the present study were to examine differences in ground reaction forces, loading rate, impulses, and free moment values during running in children with and without genu varus. Methods Thirty-six boys aged 9-14 volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two age-matched groups (genu varus versus healthy controls). Body weight adjusted three dimensional kinetic data (Fx, Fy, Fz) were collected during running at preferred speed using two Kistler force plates for the dominant and non-dominant limb. Results Individuals with knee genu varus produced significantly higher (p = .01; d = 1.09; 95\%) body weight adjusted ground reaction forces in the lateral direction (Fx) of the dominant limb compared to controls. On the non-dominant limb, genu varus patients showed significantly higher body weight adjusted ground reaction forces values in the lateral (p = .01; d = 1.08; 86\%) and medial (p < .001; d = 1.55; 102\%) directions (Fx). Further, genu varus patients demonstrated 55\% and 36\% greater body weight adjusted loading rates in the dominant (p < .001; d = 2.09) and non-dominant (p < .001; d = 1.02) leg, respectively. No significant between-group differences were observed for adjusted free moment values (p>.05). Discussion Higher mediolateral ground reaction forces and vertical loading rate amplitudes in boys with genu varus during running at preferred running speed may accelerate the development of progressive joint degeneration in terms of the age at knee osteoarthritis onset. Therefore, practitioners and therapists are advised to conduct balance and strength training programs to improve lower limb alignment and mediolateral control during dynamic movements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JareckiTanJenny2020,
  author    = {Jarecki, Jana B. and Tan, Jolene H. and Jenny, Mirjam},
  title     = {A framework for building cognitive process models},
  series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2},
  pages     = {1218 -- 1229},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeckmannTrudewind1997,
  author    = {Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Trudewind, C.},
  title     = {A functional-analytic perspective on affect and motivation},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EmuoyibofarheAkindeleRonkeetal.2019,
  author    = {Emuoyibofarhe, Justice O. and Akindele, Akinyinka Tosin and Ronke, Babatunde Seyi and Omotosho, Adebayo and Meinel, Christoph},
  title     = {A Fuzzy Rule-Based Model for Remote Monitoring of Preterm in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospitals},
  series = {International Journal of Medical Research \& Health Sciences},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {International Journal of Medical Research \& Health Sciences},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Sumathi},
  address   = {Trichy},
  issn      = {2319-5886},
  pages     = {33 -- 44},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The use of Remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems to monitor critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has enabled quality and real-time healthcare management. Fuzzy logic as an approach to designing RPM systems provides a means for encapsulating the subjective decision-making process of medical experts in an algorithm suitable for computer implementation. In this paper, a remote monitoring system for preterm in neonatal ICU incubators is modeled and simulated. The model was designed with 4 input variables (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen level saturation), and 1 output variable (action performed represented as ACT). ACT decides whether-an alert is generated or not and also determines the message displayed when a notification is required. ACT classifies the clinical priority of the monitored preterm into 5 different fields: code blue, code red, code yellow, code green, and-code black. The model was simulated using a fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB R2015A. About 216 IF_THEN rules were formulated to monitor the inputs data fed into the model. The performance of the model was evaluated using-the confusion matrix to determine the model's accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and false alarm rate. The-experimental results obtained shows that the fuzzy-based system is capable of producing satisfactory results when used for monitoring and classifying the clinical statuses of neonates in ICU incubators.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{PetrocziBackhouseBarkoukisetal.2015,
  author    = {Petroczi, Andrea and Backhouse, Susan H. and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Brand, Ralf and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Lazuras, Lambros and Lucidi, Fabio},
  title     = {A matter of mind-set in the interpretation of forensic application},
  series = {International journal of drug policy},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {International journal of drug policy},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0955-3959},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.06.007},
  pages     = {1142 -- 1143},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MolnarKokEngeletal.2018,
  author    = {Molnar, Marco and Kok, Manor and Engel, Tilman and Kaplic, Hannes and Mayer, Frank and Seel, Thomas},
  title     = {A method for lower back motion assessment using wearable 6D inertial sensors},
  series = {21st International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)},
  journal   = {21st International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {978-0-9964-5276-2},
  pages     = {799 -- 806},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of activity limitation. Objective assessment of the spinal motion plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment of LBP. We propose a method that facilitates clinical assessment of lower back motions by means of a wireless inertial sensor network. The sensor units are attached to the right and left side of the lumbar region, the pelvis and the thighs, respectively. Since magnetometers are known to be unreliable in indoor environments, we use only 3D accelerometer and 3D gyroscope readings. Compensation of integration drift in the horizontal plane is achieved by estimating the gyroscope biases from automatically detected initial rest phases. For the estimation of sensor orientations, both a smoothing algorithm and a filtering algorithm are presented. From these orientations, we determine three-dimensional joint angles between the thighs and the pelvis and between the pelvis and the lumbar region. We compare the orientations and joint angles to measurements of an optical motion tracking system that tracks each skin-mounted sensor by means of reflective markers. Eight subjects perform a neutral initial pose, then flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the trunk. The root mean square deviation between inertial and optical angles is about one degree for angles in the frontal and sagittal plane and about two degrees for angles in the transverse plane (both values averaged over all trials). We choose five features that characterize the initial pose and the three motions. Interindividual differences of all features are found to be clearly larger than the observed measurement deviations. These results indicate that the proposed inertial sensor-based method is a promising tool for lower back motion assessment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AwasthiKaminskiRappetal.2019,
  author    = {Awasthi, Swapnil and Kaminski, Jakob and Rapp, Michael Armin and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Walter, Henrik and Ruggeri, Barbara and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {A neural signature of malleability},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.139},
  pages     = {S858 -- S859},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {General intelligence has a substantial genetic background in children, adolescents, and adults, but environmental factors also strongly correlate with cognitive performance as evidenced by a strong (up to one SD) increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century. This change occurred in a period apparently too short to accommodate radical genetic changes. It is highly suggestive that environmental factors interact with genotype by possible modification of epigenetic factors that regulate gene expression and thus contribute to individual malleability. This modification might as well be reflected in recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SchmidtBadtkeBittmannetal.1998,
  author    = {Schmidt, Marco and Badtke, Gernot and Bittmann, Frank and Steuer, M.},
  title     = {A new approach for objektive determination of the external spine profile in the sagittal plane},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PeitzBehringerGranacher2018,
  author    = {Peitz, Matti and Behringer, Michael and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {A systematic review on the effects of resistance and plyometric training on physical fitness in youth},
  series = {PlOS ONE},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {PlOS ONE},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {San Francisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0205525},
  pages     = {44},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Introduction To date, several meta-analyses clearly demonstrated that resistance and plyometric training are effective to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents. However, a methodological limitation of meta-analyses is that they synthesize results from different studies and hence ignore important differences across studies (i.e., mixing apples and oranges). Therefore, we aimed at examining comparative intervention studies that assessed the effects of age, sex, maturation, and resistance or plyometric training descriptors (e.g., training intensity, volume etc.) on measures of physical fitness while holding other variables constant. Methods To identify relevant studies, we systematically searched multiple electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) from inception to March 2018. We included resistance and plyometric training studies in healthy young athletes and non-athletes aged 6 to 18 years that investigated the effects of moderator variables (e.g., age, maturity, sex, etc.) on components of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength and power). Results Our systematic literature search revealed a total of 75 eligible resistance and plyometric training studies, including 5,138 participants. Mean duration of resistance and plyometric training programs amounted to 8.9 ± 3.6 weeks and 7.1±1.4 weeks, respectively. Our findings showed that maturation affects plyometric and resistance training outcomes differently, with the former eliciting greater adaptations pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and the latter around- and post-PHV. Sex has no major impact on resistance training related outcomes (e.g., maximal strength, 10 repetition maximum). In terms of plyometric training, around-PHV boys appear to respond with larger performance improvements (e.g., jump height, jump distance) compared with girls. Different types of resistance training (e.g., body weight, free weights) are effective in improving measures of muscle strength (e.g., maximum voluntary contraction) in untrained children and adolescents. Effects of plyometric training in untrained youth primarily follow the principle of training specificity. Despite the fact that only 6 out of 75 comparative studies investigated resistance or plyometric training in trained individuals, positive effects were reported in all 6 studies (e.g., maximum strength and vertical jump height, respectively). Conclusions The present review article identified research gaps (e.g., training descriptors, modern alternative training modalities) that should be addressed in future comparative studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PeitzBehringerGranacher2019,
  author    = {Peitz, Matti and Behringer, Michael and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {A systematic review on the effects of resistance and plyometric training on physical fitness in youth},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {498},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42220},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422201},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Introduction To date, several meta-analyses clearly demonstrated that resistance and plyometric training are effective to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents. However, a methodological limitation of meta-analyses is that they synthesize results from different studies and hence ignore important differences across studies (i.e., mixing apples and oranges). Therefore, we aimed at examining comparative intervention studies that assessed the effects of age, sex, maturation, and resistance or plyometric training descriptors (e.g., training intensity, volume etc.) on measures of physical fitness while holding other variables constant. Methods To identify relevant studies, we systematically searched multiple electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) from inception to March 2018. We included resistance and plyometric training studies in healthy young athletes and non-athletes aged 6 to 18 years that investigated the effects of moderator variables (e.g., age, maturity, sex, etc.) on components of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength and power). Results Our systematic literature search revealed a total of 75 eligible resistance and plyometric training studies, including 5,138 participants. Mean duration of resistance and plyometric training programs amounted to 8.9 ± 3.6 weeks and 7.1±1.4 weeks, respectively. Our findings showed that maturation affects plyometric and resistance training outcomes differently, with the former eliciting greater adaptations pre-peak height velocity (PHV) and the latter around- and post-PHV. Sex has no major impact on resistance training related outcomes (e.g., maximal strength, 10 repetition maximum). In terms of plyometric training, around-PHV boys appear to respond with larger performance improvements (e.g., jump height, jump distance) compared with girls. Different types of resistance training (e.g., body weight, free weights) are effective in improving measures of muscle strength (e.g., maximum voluntary contraction) in untrained children and adolescents. Effects of plyometric training in untrained youth primarily follow the principle of training specificity. Despite the fact that only 6 out of 75 comparative studies investigated resistance or plyometric training in trained individuals, positive effects were reported in all 6 studies (e.g., maximum strength and vertical jump height, respectively). Conclusions The present review article identified research gaps (e.g., training descriptors, modern alternative training modalities) that should be addressed in future comparative studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NagyTrautweinMaaz2012,
  author    = {Nagy, Gabriel and Trautwein, Ulrich and Maaz, Kai},
  title     = {Ability and interest profiles at the end of lower secondary school structure, specification, and associations with educational choices},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie.},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie.},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1010-0652},
  doi       = {10.1024/1010-0652/a000063},
  pages     = {79 -- 99},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This paper investigates the role of ability profiles and profiles of vocational interests at the transition from "Realschule" (lower secondary level) into the academic and vocational oriented "Gymnasium" (upper secondary track) school. Based on Guttman's (1954) radex model of cognitive and academic abilities as well as Holland's (1997) circumplex model of vocational interests, we developed statistical models for assessing individual differences in intraindividual profiles. The empirical results underscore the validity of our profile approach. Particularly (1) profiles derived on basis of test scores, grades, and interests were associated with all educational choices under consideration, and (2) decisions for different gymnasia types were systematically and meaningfully associated with individual profile parameters. In addition (3) criterion correlations of interest and ability measures could be explained by individual profile parameters.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MugelePlummerBaritelloetal.2018,
  author    = {Mugele, Hendrik and Plummer, Ashley and Baritello, Omar and Towe, Maggie and Brecht, Pia and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Accuracy of training recommendations based on a treadmill multistage incremental exercise test},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {PLOS},
  address   = {San Francisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0204696},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Competitive runners will occasionally undergo exercise in a laboratory setting to obtain predictive and prescriptive information regarding their performance. The present research aimed to assess whether the physiological demands of lab-based treadmill running (TM) can simulate that of over-ground (OG) running using a commonly used protocol. Fifteen healthy volunteers with a weekly mileage of ≥ 20 km over the past 6 months and treadmill experience participated in this cross-sectional study. Two stepwise incremental tests until volitional exhaustion was performed in a fixed order within one week in an Outpatient Clinic research laboratory and outdoor athletic track. Running velocity (IATspeed), heart rate (IATHR) and lactate concentration at the individual anaerobic threshold (IATbLa) were primary endpoints. Additionally, distance covered (DIST), maximal heart rate (HRmax), maximal blood lactate concentration (bLamax) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at IATspeed were analyzed. IATspeed, DIST and HRmax were not statistically significantly different between conditions, whereas bLamax and RPE at IATspeed showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Apart from RPE at IATspeed, IATspeed, DIST, HRmax and bLamax strongly correlate between conditions (r = 0.815-0.988). High reliability between conditions provides strong evidence to suggest that running on a treadmill are physiologically comparable to that of OG and that training recommendations and be made with assurance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{CasselCarlsohnFroehlichetal.2013,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and Carlsohn, Anja and Froehlich, Katja and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Achilles tendinopathy in adolescent athletes using ultrasound and clinical examination},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {350 -- 350},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HainCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {Hain, Gerrit and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Achilles tendon cross-sectional area changes during maximal voluntary isometric plantar-flexion contraction in healthy individuals.},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {47 -- 47},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CasselRischMayeretal.2019,
  author    = {Cassel, Michael and Risch, Lucie and Mayer, Frank and Kaplick, Hannes and Engel, Aaron and Kulig, Kornelia and Bashford, Greg},
  title     = {Achilles tendon morphology assessed using image based spatial frequency analysis is altered among healthy elite adolescent athletes compared to recreationally active controls},
  series = {Journal of science and medicine in sport : official journal of Sports Medicine Australia},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Journal of science and medicine in sport : official journal of Sports Medicine Australia},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1440-2440},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jsams.2019.03.011},
  pages     = {882 -- 886},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Although expected, tendon adaptations in adolescent elite athletes have been underreported. Morphologically, adaptations may occur by an increase in collagen fiber density and/or organization. These characteristics can be captured using spatial frequency parameters extracted from ultrasound images. This study aims to compare Achilles tendon (AT) morphology among sports-specific cohorts of elite adolescent athletes and to compare these findings to recreationally active controls by use of spatial frequency analysis. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Method: In total, 334 healthy adolescent athletes from four sport categories (ball, combat, endurance, explosive strength) and 35 healthy controls were included. Longitudinal ultrasound scans were performed at the AT insertion and midportion. Intra-tendinous-morphology was quantified by performing spatial frequency analysis assessing eight parameters at standardized ROls. Increased values in five parameters suggest a higher structural organization, and in two parameters higher fiber density. One parameter represents a quotient combining both organization and fiber density. Results: Among athletes, only ball sport athletes exhibited an increase in one summative parameter at pre-insertion site compared to athletes from other sport categories. When compared to athletes, controls had significantly higher values of four parameters at pre-insertion and three parameters at midportion site reflecting differences in both, fiber organization and density. Conclusions: Intra-tendinous-morphology was similar in all groups of adolescent athletes. Higher values found in non-athletes might suggest higher AT fiber density and organization. It is yet unclear whether the lesser structural organization in young athletes represents initial AT pathology, or a physiological adaptive response at the fiber cross-linking level. (C) 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LinKhajooeiNairetal.2020,
  author    = {Lin, Chiao-I and Khajooei, Mina and Nair, Alexandra and Heikkila, Mika and Kaplick, Hannes and Tilman, Engel and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Activities of hip muscles in response to perturbed walking in individual with chronic ankle instability},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000671060.98581.0b},
  pages     = {94 -- 94},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is not only an ankle issue, but also affects sensorimotor system. People with CAI show altered muscle activation in proximal joints such as hip and knee. However, evidence is limited as controversial results have been presented regarding changes in activation of hip muscles in CAI population. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of CAI on activity of hip muscles during normal walking and walking with perturbations. METHODS: 8 subjects with CAI (23 ± 2 years, 171 ± 7 cm and 65 ± 4 kg) and 8 controls (CON) matched by age, height, weight and dominant leg (25 ± 3 years, 172 ± 7 cm and 65 ± 6 kg) walked shoed on a split-belt treadmill (1 m/s). Subjects performed 5 minutes of baseline walking and 6 minutes walking with 10 perturbations (at 200 ms after heel contact with 42 m/s2 deceleration impulse) on each side. Electromyography signals from gluteus medius (Gmed) and gluteus maximus (Gmax) were recorded while walking. Muscle amplitudes (Root Mean Square normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction) were calculated at 200 ms before heel contact (Pre200), 100 ms after heel contact (Post100) during normal walking and 200 ms after perturbations (Pert200). Differences between groups were examined using Mann Whitney U test and Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing (adjust α level p≤ 0.0125). RESULT: In Gmed, CAI group showed lower muscle amplitude than CON group after heel contact (Post100: 18±7 \% and 47±21 \%, p< .01) and after walking perturbations ( 31±13 \% and 62±26 \%, p< .01), but not before heel contact (Pre200: 5±2 \% and 11±10 \%, p= 0.195). In Gmax, no difference was found between CAI and CON groups in all three time points (Pre200: 12±5 \% and 17±12 \%, p= 0.574; Post100: 41±21 \% and 41±13 \%, p= 1.00; Pert200: 79±46 \% and 62±35 \%, p= 0.505). CONCLUSION: People with CAI activated Gmed less than healthy control in feedback mechanism (after heel contact and walking with perturbations), but not in feedforward mechanism (before heel contact). Less activation on Gmed may affect the balance in frontal plane and increase the risk of recurrent ankle sprain, giving way or feeling ankle instability in patients with CAI during walking. Future studies should investigate the effect of Gmed strengthening or neuromuscular training on CAI rehabilitation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Risch2021,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie},
  title     = {Acute effect of exercise on sonographic detectable achilles tendon blood flow},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RischCasselMayer2017,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Acute effect of running exercise on physiological Achilles tendon blood flow},
  series = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0905-7188},
  doi       = {10.1111/sms.12874},
  pages     = {138 -- 143},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Sonographically detectable intratendinous blood flow (IBF) is found in 50\%-88\% of Achilles tendinopathy patients as well as in up to 35\% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons (AT). Although IBF is frequently associated with tendon pathology, it may also represent a physiological regulation, for example, due to increased blood flow in response to exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of a standardized running exercise protocol on IBF assessed with Doppler ultrasound (DU) Advanced dynamic flow in healthy ATs. 10 recreationally active adults (5 f, 5m; 29 +/- 3years, 1.72 +/- 0.12m, 68 +/- 16kg, physical activity 206 +/- 145minute/wk) with no history of AT pain and inconspicious tendon structure performed 3 treadmill running tasks on separate days (M1-3) with DU examinations directly before and 5, 30, 60, and 120minutes after exercise. At M1, an incremental exercise test was used to determine the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). At M2 and M3, participants performed 30-minute submaximal constant load tests (CL1/CL2) with an intensity 5\% below IAT. IBF in each tendon was quantified by counting the number of vessels. IBF increased in five ATs from no vessels at baseline to one to four vessels solely detectable 5minutes after CL1 or CL2. One AT had persisting IBF (three vessels) throughout all examinations. Fourteen ATs revealed no IBF at all. Prolonged running led to a physiological, temporary appearance of IBF in 25\% of asymptomatic ATs. To avoid exercise-induced IBF in clinical practice, DU examinations should be performed after 30minutes of rest.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HammamiChaabeneKharratetal.,
  author    = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kharrat, Fatma and Werfelli, Hanen and Duncan, Michael and Rebai, Haithem and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {713},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51747},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517477},
  pages     = {10},
  abstract  = {Background Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. Objective To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. Methods Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. Results Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HammamiChaabeneKharratetal.2021,
  author    = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kharrat, Fatma and Werfelli, Hanen and Duncan, Michael and Rebai, Haithem and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players},
  series = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1758-2555},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13102-021-00249-5},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. Objective To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. Methods Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. Results Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Markov2023,
  author    = {Markov, Adrian},
  title     = {Acute effects of exercise order in concurrent training on immunological stress responses and measures of muscular fitness in youth athletes of both sexes},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61851},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618517},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {X, 81},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background and aims: To succeed in competition, elite team and individual athletes often seek the development of both, high levels of muscle strength and power as well as cardiorespiratory endurance. In this context, concurrent training (CT) is a commonly applied and effective training approach. While being exposed to high training loads, youth athletes (≤ 18 years) are yet underrepresented in the scientific literature. Besides, immunological responses to CT have received little attention. Therefore, the aims of this work were to examine the acute (< 15min) and delayed (≥ 6 hours) effects of dif-ferent exercise order in CT on immunological stress responses, muscular fitness, metabolic response, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth male and female judo athletes. Methods: A total of twenty male and thirteen female participants, with an average age of 16 ± 1.8 years and 14.4 ± 2.1 years, respectively, were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two CT sessions; power-endurance versus endurance-power (i.e., study 1), or strength-endurance versus endurance-strength (i.e., study 2). Markers of immune response (i.e., white-blood-cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, mon-ocytes, and lymphocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index), muscular fitness (i.e., counter-movement jump [CMJ]), metabolic responses (i.e., blood lactate, glucose), and RPE were collected at different time points (i.e., PRE12H, PRE, MID, POST, POST6H, POST22H). Results (study 1): There were significant time*order interactions for white-blood-cells, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. The power-endurance order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in white-blood-cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes while the endur-ance-power order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in the granu-locyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. Likewise, significantly larger increases from PRE-to-POST6H in white-blood-cells and granulocytes were observed following the power-endurance order compared to endurance-power. All markers of immune response returned toward baseline values at POST22H. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood glucose and lactate. Following the endur-ance-power order, blood lactate and glucose increased from PRE-to-MID but not from PRE-to-POST. Meanwhile, in the power-endurance order blood lactate and glucose increased from PRE-to-POST but not from PRE-to-MID. A significant time*order inter-action was observed for CMJ-force with larger PRE-to-POST decreases in the endur-ance-power order compared to power-endurance order. Further, CMJ-power showed larger PRE-to-MID performance decreases following the power-endurance order, com-pared to the endurance-power order. Regarding RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger PRE-to-MID values following the endurance-power order and larger PRE-to-POST values following the power-endurance order. Results (study 2): There were significant time*order interactions for lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio, and systemic-inflammation-index. The strength-endurance order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in lymphocytes while the endurance-strength order resulted in significantly larger PRE-to-POST increases in the granulocyte-lymphocyte-ratio and systemic-inflammation-index. All markers of the immune system returned toward baseline values at POST22H. Moreover, there was a significant time*order interaction for blood glucose and lactate. From PRE-to-MID, there was a significantly greater increase in blood lactate and glu-cose following the endurance-strength order compared to strength-endurance order. Meanwhile, from PRE-to-POST there was a significantly higher increase in blood glu-cose following the strength-endurance order compared to endurance-strength order. Regarding physical fitness, a significant time*order interaction was observed for CMJ-force and CMJ-power with larger PRE-to-MID increases following the endurance-strength order compared to the strength-endurance order. For RPE, significant time*order interactions were noted with larger PRE-to-MID values following the endur-ance-power order and larger PRE-to-POST values following the power-endurance or-der. Conclusions: The primary findings from both studies revealed order-dependent effects on immune responses. In male youth judo athletes, the results demonstrated greater immunological stress responses, both immediately (≤ 15 min) and delayed (≥ 6 hours), following the power-endurance order compared to the endurance-power order. For female youth judo athletes, the results indicated higher acute, but not delayed, order-dependent changes in immune responses following the strength-endurance order compared to the endurance-strength order. It is worth noting that in both studies, all markers of immune system response returned to baseline levels within 22 hours. This suggests that successful recovery from the exercise-induced immune stress response was achieved within 22 hours. Regarding metabolic responses, physical fitness, and perceived exertion, the findings from both studies indicated acute (≤ 15 minutes) alterations that were dependent on the exercise order. These alterations were primarily influ-enced by the endurance exercise component. Moreover, study 1 provided substantial evidence suggesting that internal load measures, such as immune markers, may differ from external load measures. This indicates a disparity between immunological, perceived, and physical responses following both concurrent training orders. Therefore, it is crucial for practitioners to acknowledge these differences and take them into consideration when designing training programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZinkeGebelGranacheretal.2019,
  author    = {Zinke, Fridolin and Gebel, Arnd and Granacher, Urs and Prieske, Olaf},
  title     = {Acute Effects of Short-Term Local Tendon Vibration on Plantar Flexor Torque, Muscle Contractile Properties, Neuromuscular and Brain Activity in Young Athletes},
  series = {Journal of sports science \& medicine},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Journal of sports science \& medicine},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University},
  address   = {Bursa},
  issn      = {1303-2968},
  pages     = {327 -- 336},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of short-term Achilles tendon vibration on plantar flexor torque, twitch contractile properties as well as muscle and cortical activity in young athletes. Eleven female elite soccer players aged 15.6 +/- 0.5 years participated in this study. Three different conditions were applied in randomized order: Achilles tendon vibration (80 Hz) for 30 and 300 s, and a passive control condition (300 s). Tests at baseline and following conditions included the assessment of peak plantar flexor torque during maximum voluntary contraction, electrically evoked muscle twitches (e.g., potentiated twitch peak torque [PT]), and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the plantar flexors. Additionally, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex were assessed during a submaximal dynamic concentric-eccentric plantar flexion exercise using an elastic rubber band. Large-sized main effects of condition were found for EEG absolute alpha-1 and beta-1 band power (p <= 0.011; 1.5 <= d <= 2.6). Post-hoc tests indicated that alpha-1 power was significantly lower at 30 and 300 s (p = 0.009; d = 0.8) and beta-1 power significantly lower at 300 s (p < 0.001; d = 0.2) compared to control condition. No significant effect of condition was found for peak plantar flexor torque, electrical evoked muscle twitches, and EMG activity. In conclusion, short-term local Achilles tendon vibration induced lower brain activity (i.e., alpha-1 and beta-1 band power) but did not affect lower limb peak torque, twitch contractile properties, and muscle activity. Lower brain activity following short-term local Achilles tendon vibration may indicate improved cortical function during a submaximal dynamic exercise in female young soccer players.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrieskeChaabeneMoranetal.2022,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and Chaabene, Helmi and Moran, Jason and Saeterbakken, Atle Hole},
  title     = {Adaptations to Advanced Resistance Training Strategies in Youth and Adult Athletes},
  series = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in physiology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2022.888118},
  pages     = {3},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchaeferDechBittmann2021,
  author    = {Schaefer, Laura and Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank},
  title     = {Adaptive force and emotionally related imaginations},
  series = {Heliyon},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Heliyon},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2405-8440},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07827},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The link between emotions and motor control has been discussed for years. The measurement of the Adaptive Force (AF) provides the possibility to get insights into the adaptive control of the neuromuscular system in reaction to external forces. It was hypothesized that the holding isometric AF is especially vulnerable to disturbing inputs. Here, the behavior of the AF under the influence of positive (tasty) vs. negative (disgusting) food imaginations was investigated. The AF was examined in n = 12 cases using an objectified manual muscle test of the hip flexors, elbow flexors or pectoralis major muscle, performed by one of two experienced testers while the participants imagined their most tasty or most disgusting food. The reaction force and the limb position were measured by a handheld device. While the slope of force rises and the maximal AF did not differ significantly between tasty and disgusting imaginations (p > 0.05), the maximal isometric AF was significantly lower and the AF at the onset of oscillations was significantly higher under disgusting vs. tasty imaginations (both p = 0.001). A proper length tension control of muscles seems to be a crucial functional parameter of the neuromuscular system which can be impaired instantaneously by emotionally related negative imaginations. This might be a potential approach to evaluate somatic reactions to emotions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael Armin and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52597},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525972},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael Armin and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Addiction Biology},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Addiction Biology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  address   = {New Jersey},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RandallJuengelRimannetal.2018,
  author    = {Randall, Matthew J. and J{\"u}ngel, Astrid and Rimann, Markus and Wuertz-Kozak, Karin},
  title     = {Advances in the biofabrication of 3D skin in vitro},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {680},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46884},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468844},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RandallJuengelRimannetal.2018,
  author    = {Randall, Matthew J. and J{\"u}ngel, Astrid and Rimann, Markus and Wuertz-Kozak, Karin},
  title     = {Advances in the biofabrication of 3D Skin in vitro},
  series = {Frontiers in Bioengineeringand Biotechnology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Bioengineeringand Biotechnology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-4185},
  doi       = {10.3389/fbioe.2018.00154},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Timme2023,
  author    = {Timme, Sinika},
  title     = {Affective responses during exercise and situated exercise-related decision-making},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61432},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-614323},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {V, 123},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The field of exercise psychology has established robust evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. However, interventions to promote sustained exercise behavior have often proven ineffective. This dissertation addresses challenges in the field, particularly the neglect of situated and affective processes in understanding and changing exercise behavior. Dual process models, considering both rational and affective processes, have gained recognition. The Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) is a notable model in this context, positing that situated processes in-the-moment of choice influence exercise decisions and subsequent exercise behavior. The dissertation identifies current challenges within exercise psychology and proposes methodological and theoretical advancements. It emphasizes the importance of momentary affective states and situated processes, offering alternatives to self-reported measures and advocating for a more comprehensive modeling of individual variability. The focus is on the affective processes during exercise, theorized to reappear in momentary decision-making, shaping overall exercise behavior. The first publication introduces a new method by using automated facial action analysis to measure variable affective responses during exercise. It explores how these behavioral indicators covary with self-reported measures of affective valence and perceived exertion. The second publication delves into situated processes at the moment of choice between exercise and non-exercise options, revealing that intraindividual factors play a crucial role in explaining exercise-related choices. The third publication presents an open-source research tool, the Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), designed to capture repeated situated decisions and predict exercise behavior based on past experiences. The findings challenge previous assumptions and provide insights into the complex interplay of affective responses, situated processes, and exercise choices. The dissertation underscores the need for individualized interventions that manipulate affective responses during exercise and calls for systematic testing to establish causal links to automatic affective processes and subsequent exercise behavior. This dissertation highlights the necessity for methodological and conceptual refinements in understanding and promoting exercise behavior, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of combating increasing inactivity trends.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EkkekakisBrand2019,
  author    = {Ekkekakis, Panteleimon and Brand, Ralf},
  title     = {Affective responses to and automatic affective valuations of physical activity},
  series = {Psychology of sport and exercise},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Psychology of sport and exercise},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1469-0292},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.018},
  pages     = {130 -- 137},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Objective: To critically review developments over the first fifty years of research (1967-2017) on (a) how people feel when they participate in exercise and physical activity, and (b) the implications of these responses for their willingness to become and remain active. Design: Non-systematic narrative review. Method: Representative sources were selected through a combination of computer searches and cross-referencing. Results: For over three decades, exercise psychology exhibited a fixation on the idea that exercise and physical activity make people feel better. This notion, however, seemed to contrast with evidence that most adults in industrialized countries exhibit low levels of activity. In the last two decades, a critical examination and overhaul of the methodological platform resulted in the delineation of a dose-response pattern that encompasses positive as well as negative affective responses, and revealed marked interindividual differences. An emerging literature is aimed at refining and testing integrative dual-process models that can offer specific predictions about the behaviors that may result from the interaction of automatic processes (theorized to be heavily influenced by past affective experiences) and deliberative processes (such as cognitive appraisals). Conclusions: Affective responses to exercise and physical activity are more complex than the long-popularized "feel-better" effect, encompassing both pleasant and unpleasant experiences and exhibiting marked inter individual variation. The potential of affective experiences to influence subsequent behavior offers an opportunity for an expanded theoretical perspective in exercise psychology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeurskensHelmichReinetal.2014,
  author    = {Beurskens, Rainer and Helmich, Ingo and Rein, Robert and Bock, Otmar L.},
  title     = {Age-related changes in prefrontal activity during walking in dual-task situations: A fNIRS study},
  series = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  volume    = {92},
  journal   = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0167-8760},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.005},
  pages     = {122 -- 128},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Previous studies suggest that the human gait is under control of higher-order cognitive processes, located in the frontal lobes, such that an age-related degradation of cognitive capabilities has a negative impact on gait. Results: Our behavioral data partly confirm previous accounts on higher dual-task costs in stepping parameters (i.e., decreased step duration) in old age, particularly with a visual task and negative dual-task cost (i.e., improved performance) during the verbal task in young adults. Functional imaging data revealed little change of prefrontal activation from single- to dual-task walking in young individuals. In the elderly, however, prefrontal activation substantially decreased during dual-task walking with a complex visual task. Conclusion: We interpret these findings as evidence for a shift of processing resources from the prefrontal cortex to other brain regions when seniors face the challenge of walking and concurrently executing a visually demanding task. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MenzeMuellerMuelleretal.2022,
  author    = {Menze, Inga and M{\"u}ller, Patrick and M{\"u}ller, Notger G. and Schmicker, Marlen},
  title     = {Age-related cognitive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and associated mental health changes in Germans},
  series = {Scientific reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific reports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Nature portfolio},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-11283-9},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Restrictive means to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have not only imposed broad challenges on mental health but might also affect cognitive health. Here we asked how restriction-related changes influence cognitive performance and how age, perceived loneliness, depressiveness and affectedness by restrictions contribute to these effects. 51 Germans completed three assessments of an online based study during the first lockdown in Germany (April 2020), a month later, and during the beginning of the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed nine online cognitive tasks of the MyBrainTraining and online questionnaires about their perceived strain and impact on lifestyle factors by the situation (affectedness), perceived loneliness, depressiveness as well as subjective cognitive performance. The results suggested a possible negative impact of depressiveness and affectedness on objective cognitive performance within the course of the lockdown. The younger the participants, the more pronounced these effects were. Loneliness and depressiveness moreover contributed to a worse evaluation of subjective cognition. In addition, especially younger individuals reported increased distress. As important educational and social input has partly been scarce during this pandemic and mental health problems have increased, future research should also assess cognitive long-term consequences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RappMellMajicetal.2013,
  author    = {Rapp, Michael Armin and Mell, Thomas and Majic, Tomislav and Treusch, Yvonne and Nordheim, Johanna and Niemann-Mirmehdi, Mechthild and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Agitation in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia (VIDEANT Trial) - Effects of a Cluster-Randomized, Controlled, Guideline Implementation Trial},
  series = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1525-8610},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.017},
  pages     = {690 -- 695},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective: To test the effect of a complex guideline-based intervention on agitation and psychotropic prescriptions. Design, Setting, Participants: Cluster randomized controlled trial (VIDEANT) with blinded assessment of outcome in 18 nursing homes in Berlin, Germany, comprising 304 dementia patients. Intervention: Training, support, and activity therapy intervention, delivered at the level of each nursing home, focusing on the management of agitation in dementia. Control group nursing homes received treatment as usual. Measurements: Levels of agitated and disruptive behavior (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory [CMAI]) as the primary outcome. Number of neuroleptics, antidepressants, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) prescribed in defined daily dosages (DDDs). Results: Of 326 patients screened, 304 (93.3\%) were eligible and cluster-randomized to 9 intervention (n = 163) and 9 control (n = 141) nursing homes. Data were collected from 287 (94.4\%) patients at 10 months. At 10 months, compared with controls, nursing home residents with dementia in the intervention group exhibited significantly less agitation as measured with the CMAI (adjusted mean difference, 6.24; 95\% CI 2.03-14.14; P = .009; Cohen's d = 0.43), received fewer neuroleptics (P < .05), more ChEIs (P < .05), and more antidepressants (P < .05). Conclusion: Complex guideline-based interventions are effective in reducing agitated and disruptive behavior in nursing home residents with dementia. At the same time, increased prescription of ChEIs and antidepressants together with decreased neuroleptic prescription suggests an effect toward guideline-based pharmacotherapy.},
  language  = {en}
}