@incollection{Homolka2023,
  author    = {Homolka, Walter},
  title     = {Der gemeinschaftliche Fortschritt zum Besseren},
  series = {Handbuch der Religionen},
  volume    = {77},
  booktitle = {Handbuch der Religionen},
  publisher = {Westarp Science Fachverlag},
  address   = {Hohe B{\"o}rde},
  isbn      = {978-3-86617-511-2},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r einen großen Moment in der Religionsgeschichte ber{\"u}hrten sich das Judentum als vernunftm{\"a}ßige Religion (Moses Mendelssohn) und die Rationale Theologie des preußischen Protestantismus. Die aktive Unterst{\"u}tzung der Berliner Judenmission unter Friedrich Wilhelm III markiert die Wendemarke vom Rationalismus zur Restauration.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schwartz2021,
  author    = {Schwartz, Yitzchak},
  title     = {American Jewish Ideas in a Transnational Jewish World, 1843-1900},
  series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany},
  journal   = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany},
  number    = {27},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-520-0},
  issn      = {1614-6492},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53283},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532835},
  pages     = {39 -- 52},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As mid-19th-century American Jews introduced radical changes to their religious observance and began to define Judaism in new ways, to what extent did they engage with European Jewish ideas? Historians often approach religious change among Jews from German lands during this period as if Jewish immigrants had come to America with one set of ideas that then evolved solely in conversation with their American contexts. Historians have similarly cast the kinds of Judaism Americans created as both unique to America and uniquely American. These characterizations are accurate to an extent. But to what extent did Jewish innovations in the United States take place in conversation with European Jewish developments? Looking to the 19th-century American Jewish press, this paper seeks to understand how American Jews engaged European Judaism in formulating their own ideas, understanding themselves, and understanding their place in world Judaism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Wilkens2020,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Wilkens, Jan},
  title     = {"Jewish, Gay and Proud"},
  series = {Pri ha-Pardes},
  journal   = {Pri ha-Pardes},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-492-0},
  issn      = {1863-7442},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47370},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473702},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {119},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This publication examines the foundation and institutional integration of the first gay-lesbian synagogue Beth Chayim Chadashim, which was founded in Los Angeles in 1972. As early as June 1974, the synagogue was admitted to the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the umbrella organization of the Reform congregations in the United States. Previously, the potential acceptance of a congregation by and for homosexual Jews triggered an intense and broad debate within Reform Judaism. The work asks how it was possible to successfully establish a gay-lesbian synagogue at a time when homosexual acts were considered unnatural and contrary to tradition by almost the entire Jewish community. The starting point of the argumentation is, in addition to general changes in American synagogues after World War II, the assumption that Los Angeles was the most suitable place for this foundation. Los Angeles has an impressive queer history and the Jewish community was more open, tolerant and innovative here than its counterpart on the East Coast. The Metropolitan Community Church was also founded in the city, and as the largest religious institution for homosexual Christians, it also served as the birthplace of queer synagogues. Reform Judaism was chosen as the place of institutional integration of the community because a relative openness for such an endeavor was only seen here. Responsa written in response to a potential admission of Beth Chayim Chadashim can be used to understand the arguments and positions of rabbis and psychologists regarding homosexuality and communities for homosexual Jews in the early 1970s. Ultimately, the commitment and dedication of the congregation and its heterosexual supporters convinced the decision-makers in Reform Judaism. The decisive impulse to question the situation of homosexual Jews in Judaism came from Los Angeles. With its analysis, the publication contributes to the understanding of Queer Jewish History in general and queer synagogues in particular.},
  language  = {en}
}