@phdthesis{Ayguel2015, author = {Ayg{\"u}l, Mesut}, title = {Pre-collisional accretion and exhumation along the southern Laurasian active margin, Central Pontides, Turkey}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416769}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxxiv, 206}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Central Pontides is an accretionary-type orogenic area within the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt characterized by pre-collisional tectonic continental growth. The region comprises Mesozoic subduction-accretionary complexes and an accreted intra-oceanic arc that are sandwiched between the Laurasian active continental margin and Gondwana-derived the K{\i}r{\c{s}}ehir Block. The subduction-accretion complexes mainly consist of an Albian-Turonian accretionary wedge representing the Laurasian active continental margin. To the north, the wedge consists of slate/phyllite and metasandstone intercalation with recrystallized limestone, Na-amphibole-bearing metabasite (PT= 7-12 kbar and 400 ± 70 ºC) and tectonic slices of serpentinite representing accreted distal part of a large Lower Cretaceous submarine turbidite fan deposited on the Laurasian active continental margin that was subsequently accreted and metamorphosed. Raman spectra of carbonaceous material (RSCM) of the metapelitic rocks revealed that the metaflysch sequence consists of metamorphic packets with distinct peak metamorphic temperatures. The majority of the metapelites are low-temperature (ca. 330 °C) slates characterized by lack of differentiation of the graphite (G) and D2 defect bands. They possibly represent offscraped distal turbidites along the toe of the Albian accretionary wedge. The rest are phyllites that are characterized by slightly pronounced G band with D2 defect band occurring on its shoulder. Peak metamorphic temperatures of these phyllites are constrained to 370-385 °C. The phyllites are associated with a strip of incipient blueschist facies metabasites which are found as slivers within the offscraped distal turbidites. They possibly represent underplated continental metasediments together with oceanic crustal basalt along the basal d{\´e}collement. Tectonic emplacement of the underplated rocks into the offscraped distal turbidites was possibly achieved by out-of-sequence thrusting causing tectonic thickening and uplift of the wedge. 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages from the phyllites are ca. 100 Ma, indicating Albian subduction and regional HP metamorphism. The accreted continental metasediments are underlain by HP/LT metamorphic rocks of oceanic origin along an extensional shear zone. The oceanic metamorphic sequence mainly comprises tectonically thickened deep-seated eclogite to blueschist facies metabasites and micaschists. In the studied area, metabasites are epidote-blueschists locally with garnet (PT= 17 ± 1 kbar and 500 ± 40 °C). Lawsonite-blueschists are exposed as blocks along the extensional shear zone (PT= 14 ± 2 kbar and 370-440 °C). They are possibly associated with low shear stress regime of the initial stage of convergence. Close to the shear zone, the footwall micaschists consist of quartz, phengite, paragonite, chlorite, rutile with syn-kinematic albite porphyroblast formed by pervasive shearing during exhumation. These types of micaschists are tourmaline-bearing and their retrograde nature suggests high-fluid flux along shear zones. Peak metamorphic mineral assemblages are partly preserved in the chloritoid-micaschist farther away from the shear zone representing the zero strain domains during exhumation. Three peak metamorphic assemblages are identified and their PT conditions are constrained by pseudosections produced by Theriak-Domino and by Raman spectra of carbonaceous material: 1) garnet-chloritoid-glaucophane with lawsonite pseudomorphs (P= 17.5 ± 1 kbar, T: 390-450 °C) 2) chloritoid with glaucophane pseudomorphs (P= 16-18 kbar, T: 475 ± 40 °C) and 3) relatively high-Mg chloritoid (17\%) with jadeite pseudomorphs (P= 22-25 kbar; T: 440 ± 30 °C) in addition to phengite, paragonite, quartz, chlorite, rutile and apatite. The last mineral assemblage is interpreted as transformation of the chloritoid + glaucophane assemblage to chloritoid + jadeite paragenesis with increasing pressure. Absence of tourmaline suggests that the chloritoid-micaschist did not interact with B-rich fluids during zero strain exhumation. 40Ar/39Ar phengite age of a pervasively sheared footwall micaschist is constrained to 100.6 ± 1.3 Ma and that of a chloritoid-micaschist is constrained to 91.8 ± 1.8 Ma suggesting exhumation during on-going subduction with a southward younging of the basal accretion and the regional metamorphism. To the south, accretionary wedge consists of blueschist and greenschist facies metabasite, marble and volcanogenic metasediment intercalation. 40Ar/39Ar phengite dating reveals that this part of the wedge is of Middle Jurassic age partly overprinted during the Albian. Emplacement of the Middle Jurassic subduction-accretion complexes is possibly associated with obliquity of the Albian convergence. Peak metamorphic assemblages and PT estimates of the deep-seated oceanic metamorphic sequence suggest tectonic stacking within wedge with different depths of burial. Coupling and exhumation of the distinct metamorphic slices are controlled by decompression of the wedge possibly along a retreating slab. Structurally, decompression of the wedge is evident by an extensional shear zone and the footwall micaschists with syn-kinematic albite porphyroblasts. Post-kinematic garnets with increasing grossular content and pseudomorphing minerals within the chloritoid-micaschists also support decompression model without an extra heating. Thickening of subduction-accretionary complexes is attributed to i) significant amount of clastic sediment supply from the overriding continental domain and ii) deep level basal underplating by propagation of the d{\´e}collement along a retreating slab. Underplating by basal d{\´e}collement propagation and subsequent exhumation of the deep-seated subduction-accretion complexes are connected and controlled by slab rollback creating a necessary space for progressive basal accretion along the plate interface and extension of the wedge above for exhumation of the tectonically thickened metamorphic sequences. This might be the most common mechanism of the tectonic thickening and subsequent exhumation of deep-seated HP/LT subduction-accretion complexes. To the south, the Albian-Turonian accretionary wedge structurally overlies a low-grade volcanic arc sequence consisting of low-grade metavolcanic rocks and overlying metasedimentary succession is exposed north of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture (İAES), separating Laurasia from Gondwana-derived terranes. The metavolcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite/andesite and mafic cognate xenolith-bearing rhyolite with their pyroclastic equivalents, which are interbedded with recrystallized pelagic limestone and chert. The metavolcanic rocks are stratigraphically overlain by recrystallized micritic limestone with rare volcanogenic metaclastic rocks. Two groups can be identified based on trace and rare earth element characteristics. The first group consists of basaltic andesite/andesite (BA1) and rhyolite with abundant cognate gabbroic xenoliths. It is characterized by relative enrichment of LREE with respect to HREE. The rocks are enriched in fluid mobile LILE, and strongly depleted in Ti and P reflecting fractionation of Fe-Ti oxides and apatite, which are found in the mafic cognate xenoliths. Abundant cognate gabbroic xenoliths and identical trace and rare earth elements compositions suggest that rhyolites and basaltic andesites/andesites (BA1) are cogenetic and felsic rocks were derived from a common mafic parental magma by fractional crystallization and accumulation processes. The second group consists only of basaltic andesites (BA2) with flat REE pattern resembling island arc tholeiites. Although enriched in LILE, this group is not depleted in Ti or P. Geochemistry of the metavolcanic rocks indicates supra-subduction volcanism evidenced by depletion of HFSE and enrichment of LILE. The arc sequence is sandwiched between an Albian-Turonian subduction-accretionary complex representing the Laurasian active margin and an ophiolitic m{\´e}lange. Absence of continent derived detritus in the arc sequence and its tectonic setting in a wide Cretaceous accretionary complex suggest that the K{\"o}sdağ Arc was intra-oceanic. This is in accordance with basaltic andesites (BA2) with island arc tholeiite REE pattern. Zircons from two metarhyolite samples give Late Cretaceous (93.8 ± 1.9 and 94.4 ± 1.9 Ma) U/Pb ages. Low-grade regional metamorphism of the intra-oceanic arc sequence is constrained 69.9 ± 0.4 Ma by 40Ar/39Ar dating on metamorphic muscovite from a metarhyolite indicating that the arc sequence became part of a wide Tethyan Cretaceous accretionary complex by the latest Cretaceous. The youngest 40Ar/39Ar phengite age from the overlying subduction-accretion complexes is 92 Ma confirming southward younging of an accretionary-type orogenic belt. Hence, the arc sequence represents an intra-oceanic paleo-arc that formed above the sinking Tethyan slab and finally accreted to Laurasian active continental margin. Abrupt non-collisional termination of arc volcanism was possibly associated with southward migration of the arc volcanism similar to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system. The intra-oceanic K{\"o}sdağ Arc is coeval with the obducted supra-subduction ophiolites in NW Turkey suggesting that it represents part of the presumed but missing incipient intra-oceanic arc associated with the generation of the regional supra-subduction ophiolites. Remnants of a Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic paleo-arc and supra-subduction ophiolites can be traced eastward within the Alp-Himalayan orogenic belt. This reveals that Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic subduction occurred as connected event above the sinking Tethyan slab. It resulted as arc accretion to Laurasian active margin and supra-subduction ophiolite obduction on Gondwana-derived terranes.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{LeBonhomme2015, author = {Le Bonhomme, Fanny}, title = {Psychiatrie et soci{\´e}t{\´e} en R{\´e}publique D{\´e}mocratique Allemande}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407164}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {480}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The patients of the Charité Psychiatry and Neurology clinic (East-Berlin, GDR) during the 1960s are at the center of this study. While taking into account the interpretation provided by the medical discourse, this research aims at reconstructing the experiences and the trajectories of these individuals by inscribing them in the context of the socialist society. Relying on patients' records - these records being the main source of this study - the goal of this research is to reach a better understanding of underlying tensions in the socialist society in relation to the political and ideological context. As these sources show, when they talk to the therapist, patients can speak according to rules which differ from the rules implemented in the socialist society. Because they may contain traces of speeches that would usually be silenced as a result of censorship or self-censorship, or of the unspeakable, shameful or delirious nature of this speech, the patients' records prove to be a valuable source for the historian. From marital tensions caused by ideological disagreements to the inner conflicts of an "ardent marxist", from the pain triggered by the exclusion from the party to the pain caused by the construction of the Berlin Wall, from the "reuniting delirium" to the delusions according to which the West appears as a threat, the individual and singular experiences of the patients allow to reconstruct, through a microhistorical approach, certain tensions inherent to the working of the socialist society.}, language = {fr} } @phdthesis{Ucar2015, author = {U{\c{c}}ar, Magdalena}, title = {Zeugenschaft im Bild}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406087}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {145}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Zentrales Anliegen der Dissertation ist, Zeugenschaft als visuelle Strategie zu beleuchten. In Abgrenzung zur These der Undarstellbarkeit der Shoah wird der Begriff der Sichtbarmachung nutzbar gemacht, um Prozesse und die Wirkung von Bildern im Zusammenhang mit Zeugenschaft herauszustellen. Ausgangspunkt dabei ist, dass bildliche Zeugnisse einen Gegenpol zu den standardisierten Visualisierungspraktiken der Shoah bieten, sprich dem historischen Bildmaterial aufgenommen durch die Alliierten und der Nationalsozialisten. In der Arbeit wird das historische Bildmaterial als Visualisierungspraxis problematisiert und visuellen Zeugnissen gegen{\"u}bergestellt, die Augen- und {\"U}berlebenszeugen der Shoah, aber auch authentische Orte des Geschehens aus einer nachtr{\"a}glichen Perspektive zeigen. Dabei werden insbesondere zwei kritische Strategien des Umgangs mit historischen Bildern der Shoah hervorgehoben: das Hinterfragen von Archivbildern innerhalb des Films (Harun Farockis AUFSCHUB, 2007) und die Verweigerung von Archivbildern aus der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkrieges (Claude Lanzmanns SHOAH, 1985). Seit den 1990er Jahren wird Zeugenschaft in der Forschung als philosophische, moralische und erkenntnistheoretische Kategorie in den USA, aber auch in Deutschland viel diskutiert. Dabei wurde die bild- und medienwissenschaftliche Perspektive im Zusammenhang mit Zeugenschaft kaum beleuchtet, darin liegt der Forschungsbeitrag der Arbeit. Insbesondere drei Gesichtspunkte von visueller Zeugenschaft werden herausgearbeitet: 1) die Sichtbarmachung der {\"U}berlebenden und der Orte des Geschehens im Jetzt, 2) die nichtsprachlichen Aspekte von Zeugenaussagen und 3) die Rolle des Zuschauers, der durch den Akt des Sehens in einem Imaginationsprozess eine Verkn{\"u}pfung zwischen den Bildern aus der Jetztzeit und der nicht-sichtbaren Vergangenheit herstellt. Polen nimmt eine besondere historische Rolle als Zentrum des europ{\"a}ischen Judentums bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg und gleichzeitig als »Schauplatz des Holocaust« und Ort der Augenzeugenschaft ein. Maßgeblich hat Claude Lanzmanns Film SHOAH dazu beigetragen, die Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslager im Polen der Nachkriegszeit sichtbar zu machen, und damit nicht nur Generationen von polnischen Filmemachern und K{\"u}nstlern nach ihm beeinflusst, sondern auch kontroverse Debatten in Polen ausgel{\"o}st. Anhand der ausgew{\"a}hlten Filme l{\"a}sst sich in der polnischen Erinnerungskultur seit der Wende von 1989 eine Hinwendung zur polnisch-j{\"u}dischen Geschichte erkennen, die sich verst{\"a}rkt mit den Fragen der polnischen Mitt{\"a}terschaft und Schuld an der Shoah auseinandersetzt. Der Untersuchungsgegenstand unterteilt sich in zwei Formate: Dokumentar- und Kunstfilm. Einerseits ist das auf ihre unterschiedlichen Produktions- und Rezeptionsbedingungen sowie die L{\"a}nge der Arbeiten zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Andererseits bewegen sich die Kategorien auf verschiedenen Reflexionsebenen und zielen auf unterschiedliche Wirkungen beim Zuschauer ab. W{\"a}hrend sich in den Dokumentarfilmen zum Teil explizite Bez{\"u}ge (aber auch Abgrenzungen) zum Lanzmann'schen Projekt erkennen lassen, handelt es sich bei den Produktionen des zeitgen{\"o}ssischen K{\"u}nstlers Artur Żmijewski um einen Meta-Diskurs, der auf radikale und provokative Art und Weise bestehende erinnerungskulturelle Praktiken ausstellt und kritisch hinterfragt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heyer2015, author = {Heyer, Vera}, title = {Native and non-native processing of derived forms}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {318}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lohr2015, author = {Lohr, Frauke}, title = {Konzeption und Evaluation eines F{\"o}rderprogramms zur Entwicklung der schriftlichen Erz{\"a}hlf{\"a}higkeit von F{\"u}nftkl{\"a}sslern}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395413}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {271}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Gut ausgebildete Schreibkompetenzen gelten als zentrale Voraussetzung f{\"u}r den schulischen Erfolg. Wenngleich die schriftliche Textproduktion unbestritten fester Bestandteil des Deutschunterrichts ist, wird vielfach beklagt, dass die vorhandenen Schreibkompetenzen unzureichend sind. Blickt man auf die fachdidaktische Forschung so zeigt sich, dass Schreibkompetenz ein schwer zu definierendes Ph{\"a}nomen bleibt und innerhalb der schreibdidaktischen Forschung strittig ist, wie Schreibkompetenz - insbesondere nach Erwerb der grundlegenden Schreibfertigkeiten - am Besten entwickelt werden kann. Zudem gilt f{\"u}r das Fach Deutsch, insbesondere den Aufgabenbereich „Texte verfassen", das eine empirische Fundierung der Fachdidaktik bisher kaum realisiert wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde in der vorgelegten Arbeit ein Programm zu F{\"o}rderung der schriftlichen Erz{\"a}hlf{\"a}higkeit von F{\"u}nftkl{\"a}sslern entwickelt und anschließend in der regul{\"a}ren Unterrichtspraxis eingesetzt und begleitend evaluiert. Methodisch orientiert sich die Arbeit dabei im Hinblick auf die Konzeption, Umsetzung und Evaluation des F{\"o}rderprogramms an den von Einsiedler postulierten „Standards der (didaktischen) Entwicklungsforschung". Bei der im ersten Schritt erfolgten Konzeption des F{\"o}rderprogramms ging es darum eine spezifische, didaktische Konzeption, die Kombination sprachstruktur- und (lern)prozessbezogenener Elemente, sprachwissenschaftlich basiert und p{\"a}dagogisch-didaktisch begr{\"u}ndet zu entwickeln. Bei der hierzu notwendigen Integration verschiedener theoretischer Zug{\"a}nge unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen galt es vorhandene Ans{\"a}tze im Hinblick auf interne Anschlussm{\"o}glichkeiten auszuloten und auf diesem Wege einen sich gegenseitig erg{\"a}nzenden, umfassenden Bezugsrahmen zu schaffen. Dabei gelang - unter Einbeziehung von Modellen und Befunden aus der Schreibentwicklungsforschung - die innerhalb der Schreibforschung vielfach geforderte, jedoch bisher fehlende Integration von strukturellen Ans{\"a}tzen aus der linguistischen Schreibforschung mit den innerhalb der Kognitionspsychologie favorisierten prozessuellen Ans{\"a}tzen. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde ein aufgabenbasiertes Programm mit insgesamt acht verschiedenen F{\"o}rdermodulen entwickelt, aufgabenbasiert deshalb, weil dies nicht nur einen lehrergesteuerten aber sch{\"u}lerzentrierten Unterricht erm{\"o}glicht, sondern auch einen adaptiven Unterricht, somit den spezifischen Anforderungen des Unterrichts in heterogenen Lerngruppen gerecht wird, was angesichts der zunehmenden (sprachlich-kulturellen) Heterogenit{\"a}t in regul{\"a}ren Schulklassen sinnvoll scheint. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde innerhalb einer Pilotstudie die Umsetzbarkeit des F{\"o}rderprogramms im schulischen Kontext erprobt. Unter Kontrolle seiner praktischen Umsetzbarkeit (Machbarkeitshypothese) wurde im Anschluss daran die Wirksamkeit des F{\"o}rderprogramms im Hinblick auf eine Steigerung in den produktbezogenen Schreibmaßen (Wortschatzvarianz, Satzkomplexit{\"a}t, lexikalische Dichte, Koh{\"a}sionsgrade, Textl{\"a}nge) und die Stabilit{\"a}t der F{\"o}rdereffekte untersucht. Dies geschah mittels eines quasiexperimentellen Untersuchungsplans, genauer eines Zweigruppen-Pretest-Posttest-Follow-up-Plans mit Kontrollvariablen. Grundlage hierf{\"u}r war eine m{\"o}glichst heterogene Stichprobe von knapp 200 Sch{\"u}ler/innen. Denn angesichts der angesprochenen zunehmenden Heterogenit{\"a}t in regul{\"a}ren Schulklassen galt es neben der Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit des F{\"o}rderprogramms auch dessen Eignung f{\"u}r den Unterricht in heterogenen Lerngruppen zu pr{\"u}fen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Pr{\"u}fung sprechen daf{\"u}r, dass es gelungen ist ein entsprechendes F{\"o}rderprogramm zu entwickeln. Trotz dem Auftreten von forschungsmethodischen Schwierigkeiten, die innerhalb der vorgelegten Arbeit ausf{\"u}hrlich im Hinblick auf Ursachen und Wirkungen diskutiert werden, k{\"o}nnen, unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des explorativen Charakters der Studie, die Ergebnisse insbesondere zur Wortschatzvarianz und zur Satzkomplexit{\"a}t ebenfalls als Indizien f{\"u}r die Effektivit{\"a}t des F{\"o}rderprogramms gelten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{FuentesTaladriz2015, author = {Fuentes Taladriz, Paulina Andrea}, title = {High-level production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in plastids and in vivo visualization of plastid-to-nucleus gene transfer}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {148}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tomaszewska2015, author = {Tomaszewska, Paulina}, title = {Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among Polish Youth}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {200}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Meyer2015, author = {Meyer, S{\"o}ren}, title = {Toxicity and toxicokinetics of arsenolipids and their metabolites}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {152, VIII}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ramelli2015, author = {Ramelli, Christian}, title = {Die Rheinische Verlaufsform im rheinfr{\"a}nkischen Dialekt}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-102797}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 260}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Rheinischen Verlaufsform (RV) im rheinfr{\"a}nkischen Dialekt. Nach dem DUDEN handelt es sich bei der RV um eine Konstruktion, die aus dem Kopulaverb sein und einer PP mit am und nominalisiertem Infinitiv besteht und dem Ausdruck von progressivem Aspekt dient. Die vorliegenden Arbeiten zur RV besch{\"a}ftigen sich im Wesentlichen entweder mit der Auspr{\"a}gung der Konstruktion im Standarddeutschen (z.B. Reimann (1999), Krause (2002), R{\"o}del (2003), R{\"o}del (2004a), R{\"o}del (2004b), van Pottelberge (2004)) oder im Ripuarischen (z.B. Andersson (1989), Bhatt \& Schmidt (1993)) und kommen zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen bez{\"u}glich der Verwendungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und des Aufbaus der Konstruktion, insbesondere des Status des Infinitivs in der Verlaufsform. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu zeigen, dass sich die Grammatikalisierung der Verlaufsform von der im DUDEN beschriebenen Konstruktion zu einer analytischen Verbform entlang eines festen Grammatikalisierungspfades vollzieht und die entsprechenden Teilschritte bei der Entwicklung zu einer analytischen Verbform herauszuarbeiten. Auf dieser Grundlage wird in der Arbeit dargestellt, wie sich mittels eines geeigneten Sets an Indikatoren der Grammatikalisierungsgrad der Verlaufsform in einem Dialektraum oder einem diatopischen Register konkret feststellen l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Brachs2015, author = {Brachs, Maria}, title = {Genome wide expression analysis and metabolic mechanisms predicting body weight maintenance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100767}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {106}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Obesity is a major health problem for many developing and industrial countries. Increasing rates reach almost 50 \% of the population in some countries and related metabolic diseases including cardiovascular events and T2DM are challenging the health systems. Adiposity, an increase in body fat mass, is a major hallmark of obesity. Adipose tissue is long known not only to store lipids but also to influence whole-body metabolism including food intake, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Adipocytes can store lipids and thereby protect other tissue from lipotoxic damage. However, if the energy intake is higher than the energy expenditure over a sustained time period, adipose tissue will expand. This can lead to an impaired adipose tissue function resulting in higher levels of plasma lipids, which can affect other tissue like skeletal muscle, finally leading to metabolic complications. Several studies showed beneficial metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects immediately after weight loss. However, weight regain is frequently observed along with potential negative effects on cardiovascular risk factors and a high intra-individual response. We performed a body weight maintenance study investigating the mechanisms of weight maintenance after intended WR. Therefore we used a low caloric diet followed by a 12-month life-style intervention. Comprehensive phenotyping including fat and muscle biopsies was conducted to investigate hormonal as well as metabolic influences on body weight regulation. In this study, we showed that weight reduction has numerous potentially beneficial effects on metabolic parameters. After 3-month WR subjects showed significant weight and fat mass reduction, lower TG levels as well as higher insulin sensitivity. Using RNA-Seq to analyse whole fat and muscle transcriptome a strong impact of weight reduction on adipose tissue gene expression was observed. Gene expression alterations over weight reduction included several cellular metabolic genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism as well as insulin signalling and regulatory pathways. These changes were also associated with anthropometric parameters assigning body composition. Our data indicated that weight reduction leads to a decreased expression of several lipid catabolic as well as anabolic genes. Long-term body weight maintenance might be influenced by several parameters including hormones, metabolic intermediates as well as the transcriptional landscape of metabolic active tissues. Our data showed that genes involved in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids might influence the BMI 18-month after a weight reduction phase. This was further supported by analysing metabolic parameters including RQ and FFA levels. We could show that subjects maintaining their lost body weight had a higher RQ and lower FFA levels, indicating increased metabolic flexibility in subjects. Using this transcriptomic approach we hypothesize that low expression levels of lipid synthetic genes in adipose tissue together with a higher mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle tissue might be beneficial in terms of body weight maintenance.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Haase2015, author = {Haase, Volker}, title = {Systemisches Aggressionsmanagement}, series = {Studien zur Erwachsenenbildung ; 44}, volume = {44}, journal = {Studien zur Erwachsenenbildung ; 44}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Kovać}, address = {Hamburg}, isbn = {978-3-8300-9305-3}, issn = {1435-652X}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 413}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die Ver{\"o}ffentlichung ist, neben der Evaluation des Systemischen Aggressionsmanagements (SAM), ein Beitrag f{\"u}r die Diskussionen um Habitusformen und Kompetenzbegriffe. Sie bildet einen Br{\"u}ckenkopf, denn beide Diskursstr{\"a}nge zusammengedacht k{\"o}nnen gegenseitige Anschlussstellen und Erweiterungen offenlegen bzw. eingehen. Zudem bildet sie ein Puzzleteil in der Evaluation von p{\"a}dagogischen Programmen, die in ihrer Vielzahl einer Evaluation bed{\"u}rfen. Im Rahmen der Bildungswissenschaft k{\"o}nnen auf dieser Basis erwachsenbildnerische Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsprogramme empirisch gesteuert angepasst werden. Auf theoretischer Ebene wird zun{\"a}chst der Gegenstand der Untersuchung herausgearbeitet. Der Habitus aggredi bildet die zentrale Analysestruktur. Sie bildet den Zugang zur p{\"a}dagogischen Professionalit{\"a}t. Im Diskurs um p{\"a}dagogische Professionalit{\"a}t besitzt der Begriff der ‚Kompetenz' einen prominenten Stellenwert. Mittels einer theoretischen Triangulation werden ‚Habitus' und ‚Kompetenz' gekoppelt. Einstellungen, Stile und geschmackliche Vorlieben sowie spezifische Wahrnehmungs-, Denk- und Handlungsmuster dr{\"u}cken sich in ihrer Performanz {\"u}ber Fertigkeiten und F{\"a}higkeiten aus. Insgesamt wird der Bogen von der p{\"a}dagogischen Professionalit{\"a}t {\"u}ber lebenslanges Lernen, Weiterbildung, Habitus und Kompetenz bis hin zu Wissen, Fertigkeiten und F{\"a}higkeiten gespannt. Um der Frage nach Effekten des SAM nachzugehen, wurde eine dreistufige summativ-evaluationsorientierte Paneluntersuchung im methodentriangulierten Design durchgef{\"u}hrt. Sie zeigte auf qualitativer Ebene, dass der Habitus aggredi als Subkategorie des professionellen Habitus durchaus mittel Weiterbildung bewegt werden kann. Die Zielgruppe der Kitaerzieher_innen konnte auch nach drei Monaten Weiterbildungsinhalte erinnern. Bei Teilen der Zielgruppe konnte eine Erweiterung von Handlungsoptionen nachgewiesen werden. Zudem zeigte sich, dass SAM auch in den privaten Bereich hinein wirksam ist.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Piras2015, author = {Piras, Gabriella}, title = {Virtuelles Hausrecht?}, series = {Internet und Gesellschaft ; 7}, journal = {Internet und Gesellschaft ; 7}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-154834-5}, issn = {2199-0344}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 244}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Webpr{\"a}senzen bilden bislang keinen eigens anerkannten Schutzgegenstand unserer Rechtsordnung. Um diese vermeintliche Schutzl{\"u}cke zu schließen, wurde das virtuelle Hausrecht herangezogen. In einer Parallele zum Hausrechtsinhaber in der physischen Welt soll dem Webpr{\"a}senzbetreiber ein origin{\"a}res Schutzrecht gegen{\"u}ber den Nutzern seiner Webpr{\"a}senz in Form eines virtuellen Hausrechts zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen.Gabriella Piras er{\"o}rtert m{\"o}gliche dogmatische Begr{\"u}ndungen f{\"u}r die {\"U}bertragung des im Sachenrecht verwurzelten Hausrechts auf den virtuellen Raum, die sie im Ergebnis ablehnt. Außerdem kritisiert sie, dass es einer Neuequilibrierung des Spannungsverh{\"a}ltnisses zwischen Webpr{\"a}senzbetreiber und Nutzern durch die Anerkennung eines virtuellen Hausrechts nicht bedarf, und dies vielmehr einen Versuch der Beschr{\"a}nkung der Internetfreiheit der Nutzer darstellt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Eissing2015, author = {Eissing, Rahel}, title = {Die Durchsetzung von Unterlassungsanspr{\"u}chen nach \S 890 ZPO im Spannungsfeld der materiellrechtlichen und prozessualen Erledigung}, series = {Schriften zum Prozessrecht ; 241}, journal = {Schriften zum Prozessrecht ; 241}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-428-14795-3}, issn = {0582-0219}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {219}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Seit Einf{\"u}hrung der ZPO war in Rechtsprechung und Literatur umstritten, ob titulierte Unterlassungsanspr{\"u}che noch vollstreckt werden k{\"o}nnen, wenn sich der zugrunde liegende Anspruch bereits erledigt hat. Im Jahr 2003 hat sich der Bundesgerichtshof hierzu erstmals positioniert und einen - scheinbar - simplen Ausweg aus dem dogmatischen Dilemma anhand einer zeitlich beschr{\"a}nkten Erledigungserkl{\"a}rung aufgezeigt. Die Diskussionen in Rechtsprechung und Literatur sind seitdem verstummt. Die Untersuchung setzt sich mit den Grundlagen einer Vollstreckung nach \S 890 ZPO auseinander und zeigt auf, dass die Entscheidung f{\"u}r eine zeitlich beschr{\"a}nkte Erledigungserkl{\"a}rung ein Ausweg sein kann - sofern die prozessualen Weichen hierf{\"u}r bereits im Erkenntnisverfahren richtig gestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Luft2015, author = {Luft, Laura Charlotte}, title = {Bridging the gap between science and nature conservation practice}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {173}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Anielski2015, author = {Anielski, Alexander}, title = {Entwicklung einer mikrofluidischen, adaptiv geregelten Messapparatur zur quantitativen Untersuchung von Chemotaxis mit Hilfe der Flussfotolyse}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iv, 130 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme + 1 DVD}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Radenacker2015, author = {Radenacker, Anke}, title = {Economic consequences of family dissolution}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100217}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 134}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Welfare states and policies have changed greatly over the past decades, mostly characterized by retrenchments in terms of government spending or in terms of restricted access to certain benefits. In the area of family policies, however, a lot of countries have simultaneously expanded provisions and transfers for families. Bringing together the macro analysis of policy variation and household income changes on the micro-level, the main research question of the dissertation is to what extent economic consequences following separation and divorce in families with children have changed between the 1980s and the 2000s in Germany and the United States. The second research question of the dissertation regards the differences in dissolution outcomes between married and cohabiting parents in Germany. The dissertation thus aims to link institutional regulations of welfare states with the actual income situation of families. To achieve this, a research design was developed that has never been used for the analysis of the economic consequences of family dissolution. For this, the two longest running panel datasets, German Socio-economic Panel (GSOEP) and the US American Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), have been used. The analytic strategy applied to estimate the effects of family dissolution on household income is a difference-in-difference design combined with coarsened exact matching (CEM). To begin with, the dissertation confirmed many findings of previous research, for example regarding the gender differences in family dissolution outcomes. Mothers experience clearly higher relative income losses and consequently higher risks of poverty than fathers. This finding is universal, that is it holds for both countries, for all time periods observed, and for all measures of economic outcome that were employed. Another confirmed finding is the higher level of welfare state intervention in Germany compared to the United States. The dissertation also revealed a number of novel findings. The results show that the expansion of family policies in Germany over time has not been accompanied by substantially decreasing income losses for mothers. Though income losses have slightly decreased over time, they have become more persistent during the years following family dissolution. The impact of the German welfare state has meanwhile been quite stable. American mothers' income losses took place on a slightly lower level than those of German mothers. Only during the 1980s their relative losses were clearly lower than those of German mothers. And also American mothers did not recover as much from their income losses during the 2000s than they used to during the 1980s. For them, the 1996 welfare reform brought a considerable decrease in welfare state support. Accordingly, the results for American mothers can certainly be described as a shift from public to private provision. The general finding of previous studies that fathers do not have to suffer income losses, or if at all rather moderate ones compared to mothers, can be confirmed. Nevertheless, both German and US American fathers face a deterioration of the economic consequences of family dissolution over time. German fathers' relative income changes are still positive though they have decreased over time. One reason for this decrease is the increasing loss of partner earnings following union dissolution. Also among American fathers, income gains still prevail in the year of family dissolution. Two years later, however, they have been facing income losses already since the 1980s which have furthermore increased considerably over time. Zooming in on Germany, family dissolution outcomes by marital status show negligible differences between cohabiting and married mothers in disposable income, but considerable differences in losses of income before taxes and transfers. It is the impact of the welfare state that equalizes the differences in income losses between these two groups of mothers. For married mothers, losses are not as high in the year of event but they have difficulties to recover from these losses. Without the income buffering of the welfare state, married mothers would, three years after family dissolution, remain with relative income losses double as high as for cohabiting mothers. Compared to mothers, differences between married and cohabiting fathers are visible in changes of income before as well as after taxes and transfers. The welfare state does not alter the difference between the two groups of fathers. With regard to both income concepts, cohabiting fathers fare worse than married fathers. Cohabiting fathers suffer moderate income losses of disposable income while married fathers experience moderate income gains. Accounting for support payments is decisive for fathers' income changes. If these payments are not deducted from disposable income, both married and cohabiting fathers experience gains in disposable income following family dissolution.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mitidieri2015, author = {Mitidieri, Gaetano}, title = {Wissenschaft, Technik und Medien im Werk Alfred D{\"o}blins im Kontext der europ{\"a}ischen Avantgarde}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-364-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89390}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {970}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Ziel dieser Studie ist es die bislang nur sporadisch untersuchten Wechselverh{\"a}ltnisse zwischen den Kulturbereichen Wissenschaft/Technik und Literatur am herausragenden Beispiel des Oeuvres des Schriftstellers und Arztes Alfred D{\"o}blin aufzusp{\"u}ren. Hierbei scheint seine {\"a}rztlich-psychiatrische Laufbahn, die eine breite Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Diskurse anbietet, wie auch seine avantgardistische Literaturpraxis diese gegenseitige Befruchtung gef{\"o}rdert zu haben. Im Hinblick auf den Forschungsgegenstand und -zweck ist ein kulturwissenschaftlicher Ansatz versucht worden. Dieser vielperspektivische Ansatz, der von der Pr{\"a}misse eines Wechselspiels aller Kulturbereiche untereinander ausgeht, gestattet eine dem Gegenstand angepasste Verkn{\"u}pfung von verschiedenen Arbeitsmethoden wie der philologisch-literarhistorischen mit der konstruktivistischen und der komparatistischen. Hierbei ist eine Einbeziehung wissenschafts- und technikphilosophischer Reflexion wie auch eine dementsprechend erweiterte kulturhistorische Kontextualisierung vorgenommen worden. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse fokussiert auf wissenschaftlich-technische Bez{\"u}ge sowohl in thematischer Hinsicht als auch in der Textgestaltung der schriftstellerischen Werke D{\"o}blins bis 1924. Gleichzeitig wird die diskursgepr{\"a}gte, sprachliche und literarische Dimension seiner wissenschaftlichen Studien und technischer Texte - wie Krankenakte - hervorgehoben. Dieses erweiterte ‚Oeuvre'-Konzept gestattet die Analyse der psychiatrischen, klinisch-{\"a}rztlichen und biochemischen Schriften D{\"o}blins sowie seiner Erz{\"a}hlwerke, seiner vielgestaltigen Publizistik und seiner intermedialen Anregungen aus den neuen audiovisuellen Medien. Dadurch wird eine diskurskritische kultur{\"u}bergreifende Interdiskursivit{\"a}t wie auch eine ‚Hybridit{\"a}t' aller Texte aufgezeigt, die die Grundunterschiede zwischen Textsorten und Gattungsgrenzen relativiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Matuschek2015, author = {Matuschek, Hannes}, title = {Applications of reproducing Kernel Hilbert spaces and their approximations}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {83}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ReuterMayring2015, author = {Reuter-Mayring, Ursula}, title = {Giuseppe Baretti: Sugo, sostanza e qualit{\`a}}, series = {Sanssouci - Forschungen zur Romanistik}, volume = {6}, journal = {Sanssouci - Forschungen zur Romanistik}, editor = {Klettke, Cornelia}, publisher = {Frank \& Timme}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-7329-0096-1}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {198}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Reimer2015, author = {Reimer, Anna Maria}, title = {The poetics of the real and aesthetics of the reel}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95660}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {298}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The dissertation proposes that the spread of photography and popular cinema in 19th- and 20th-century-India have shaped an aesthetic and affective code integral to the reading and interpretation of Indian English novels, particularly when they address photography and/or cinema film, as in the case of the four corpus texts. In analyzing the nexus between 'real' and 'reel', the dissertation shows how the texts address the reader as media consumer and virtual image projector. Furthermore, the study discusses the Indian English novel against the backdrop of the cultural and medial transformations of the 20th century to elaborate how these influenced the novel's aesthetics. Drawing upon reception aesthetics, the author devises the concept of the 'implied spectator' to analyze the aesthetic impact of the novels' images as visual textures. No God in Sight (2005) by Altaf Tyrewala comprises of a string of 41 interior monologues, loosely connected through their narrators' random encounters in Mumbai in the year 2000. Although marked by continuous perspective shifts, the text creates a sensation of acute immediacy. Here, the reader is addressed as implied spectator and is sutured into the narrated world like a film spectator ― an effect created through the use of continuity editing as a narrative technique. Similarly, Ruchir Joshi's The Last Jet Engine Laugh (2002) coll(oc)ates disparate narrative perspectives and explores photography as an artistic practice, historiographic recorder and epistemological tool. The narrative appears guided by the random viewing of old photographs by the protagonist and primary narrator, the photographer Paresh Bhatt. However, it is the photographic negative and the practice of superimposition that render this string of episodes and different perspectives narratively consequential and cosmologically meaningful. Photography thus marks the perfect symbiosis of autobiography and historiography. Tabish Khair's Filming. A Love Story (2007) immerses readers in the cine-aesthetic of 1930s and 40s Bombay film, the era in which the embedded plot is set. Plotline, central scenes and characters evoke the key films of Indian cinema history such as Satyajit Ray's "Pather Panchali" or Raj Kapoor's "Awara". Ultimately, the text written as film dissolves the boundary between fiction and (narrated) reality, reel and real, thereby showing that the images of individual memory are inextricably intertwined with and shaped by collective memory. Ultimately, the reconstruction of the past as and through film(s) conquers trauma and endows the Partition of India as a historic experience of brutal contingency with meaning. The Bioscope Man (Indrajit Hazra, 2008) is a picaresque narrative set in Calcutta - India's cultural capital and birthplace of Indian cinema at the beginning of the 20th century. The autodiegetic narrator Abani Chatterjee relates his rise and fall as silent film star, alternating between the modes of tell and show. He is both autodiegetic narrator and spectator or perceiving consciousness, seeing himself in his manifold screen roles. Beyond his film roles however, the narrator remains a void. The marked psychoanalytical symbolism of the text is accentuated by repeated invocations of dark caves and the laterna magica. Here too, 'reel life' mirrors and foreshadows real life as Indian and Bengali history again interlace with private history. Abani Chatterjee thus emerges as a quintessentially modern man of no qualities who assumes definitive shape only in the lost reels of the films he starred in. The final chapter argues that the static images and visual frames forwarded in the texts observe an integral psychological function: Premised upon linear perspective they imply a singular, static subjectivity appealing to the postmodern subject. In the corpus texts, the rise of digital technology in the 1990s thus appears not so much to have displaced older image repertories, practices and media techniques, than it has lent them greater visibility and appeal. Moreover, bricolage and pastiche emerge as cultural techniques which marked modernity from its inception. What the novels thus perpetuate is a media archeology not entirely servant to the poetics of the real. The permeable subject and the notion of the gaze as an active exchange as encapsulated in the concept of darshan - ideas informing all four texts - bespeak the resilience of a mythical universe continually re-instantiated in new technologies and uses. Eventually, the novels convey a sense of subalternity to a substantially Hindu nationalist history and historiography, the centrifugal force of which developed in the twentieth century and continues into the present.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Westphal2015, author = {Westphal, Andrea}, title = {Diagnostische Kompetenzen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {94}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kamranfar2015, author = {Kamranfar, Iman}, title = {Functional analysis of gene regulatory networks controlled by stress responsive transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {151}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sakschewski2015, author = {Sakschewski, Boris}, title = {Impacts of major anthropogenic pressures on the terrestrial biosphere and its resilience to global change}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {159}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dittloff2015, author = {Dittloff, Arne}, title = {Kommunale B{\"u}rger- und Einwohnerbefragungen}, series = {Schriften zum {\"O}ffentlichen Recht ; 1324}, journal = {Schriften zum {\"O}ffentlichen Recht ; 1324}, publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-428-14959-9}, pages = {331}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jedrzejowski2015, author = {Jedrzejowski, Lukasz}, title = {Subjektanhebungsverben im Deutschen}, pages = {vii, 307}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bittermann2015, author = {Bittermann, Klaus}, title = {Semi-empirical sea-level modelling}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93881}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 88}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Semi-empirical sea-level models (SEMs) exploit physically motivated empirical relationships between global sea level and certain drivers, in the following global mean temperature. This model class evolved as a supplement to process-based models (Rahmstorf (2007)) which were unable to fully represent all relevant processes. They thus failed to capture past sea-level change (Rahmstorf et al. (2012)) and were thought likely to underestimate future sea-level rise. Semi-empirical models were found to be a fast and useful tool for exploring the uncertainties in future sea-level rise, consistently giving significantly higher projections than process-based models. In the following different aspects of semi-empirical sea-level modelling have been studied. Models were first validated using various data sets of global sea level and temperature. SEMs were then used on the glacier contribution to sea level, and to infer past global temperature from sea-level data via inverse modelling. Periods studied encompass the instrumental period, covered by tide gauges (starting 1700 CE (Common Era) in Amsterdam) and satellites (first launched in 1992 CE), the era from 1000 BCE (before CE) to present, and the full length of the Holocene (using proxy data). Accordingly different data, model formulations and implementations have been used. It could be shown in Bittermann et al. (2013) that SEMs correctly predict 20th century sea-level when calibrated with data until 1900 CE. SEMs also turned out to give better predictions than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th assessment report (AR4, IPCC (2007)) models, for the period from 1961-2003 CE. With the first multi-proxy reconstruction of global sea-level as input, estimate of the human-induced component of modern sea-level change and projections of future sea-level rise were calculated (Kopp et al. (2016)). It turned out with 90\% confidence that more than 40 \% of the observed 20th century sea-level rise is indeed anthropogenic. With the new semi-empirical and IPCC (2013) 5th assessment report (AR5) projections the gap between SEM and process-based model projections closes, giving higher credibility to both. Combining all scenarios, from strong mitigation to business as usual, a global sea-level rise of 28-131 cm relative to 2000 CE, is projected with 90\% confidence. The decision for a low carbon pathway could halve the expected global sea-level rise by 2100 CE. Present day temperature and thus sea level are driven by the globally acting greenhouse-gas forcing. Unlike that, the Milankovich forcing, acting on Holocene timescales, results mainly in a northern-hemisphere temperature change. Therefore a semi-empirical model can be driven with northernhemisphere temperatures, which makes it possible to model the main subcomponent of sea-level change over this period. It showed that an additional positive constant rate of the order of the estimated Antarctic sea-level contribution is then required to explain the sea-level evolution over the Holocene. Thus the global sea level, following the climatic optimum, can be interpreted as the sum of a temperature induced sea-level drop and a positive long-term contribution, likely an ongoing response to deglaciation coming from Antarctica.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bosch2015, author = {Bosch, Sina}, title = {Morphosyntactic feature structure in the native and non-native mental lexicon}, pages = {VI, 166}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Feldmann2015, author = {Feldmann, Johannes}, title = {Stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet}, pages = {v, 165}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bojahr2015, author = {Bojahr, Juliane}, title = {Aktivierung des humanen S{\"u}ßgeschmacksrezeptors im zellbasierten Testsystem}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93331}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 174}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Zellbasierte heterologe Expressionssysteme bieten ein einfaches und schnelles Verfahren, um neue S{\"u}ßstoffe oder S{\"u}ßverst{\"a}rker zu finden. Unter Verwendung eines solchen Testsystems, konnte ich in Zusammenarbeit mit der Symrise AG, Holzminden und dem Institut f{\"u}r Pflanzenbiochemie in Halle/Saale die vietnamesische Pflanze Mycetia balansae als Quelle eines neuen S{\"u}ßstoffs identifizieren. Deren Hauptkomponenten, genannt Balansine, aktivieren spezifisch den humanen S{\"u}ßrezeptor. Chim{\"a}re Rezeptoren zeigten, dass die amino-terminalen Dom{\"a}nen der S{\"u}ßrezeptoruntereinheiten, welche ein Großteil der Liganden des S{\"u}ßrezeptors binden, f{\"u}r dessen Aktivierung durch Balansin A nicht notwendig sind. Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Anwendung zellbasierter Testsysteme zum Auffinden neuer S{\"u}ßstoffe ist jedoch, dass s{\"u}ße Substanzen gesichert identifiziert werden, w{\"a}hrend nicht s{\"u}ße Substanzen zuverl{\"a}ssig keine Rezeptoraktivierung aufweisen. W{\"a}hrend in HEK293 TAS1R2 TAS1R3To Galpha15i3-Zellen S{\"u}ßrezeptoraktivierung gegen{\"u}ber nicht s{\"u}ß schmeckenden Substanzen beobachtet wurde, konnte mit den HEK293PEAKrapid Galpha15-Zellen ein zuverl{\"a}ssiges Testsystem identifiziert, welches den S{\"u}ßgeschmack der untersuchten Substanzen widerspiegelte. Es fanden sich keine Hinweise, dass akzessorische Proteine oder verwandte Rezeptoren des S{\"u}ßrezeptors das unterschiedliche Verhalten der Zellen verursachen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Verwendung unterschiedlicher G-Proteine die Signalamplituden des S{\"u}ßrezeptors beeinflusst, die Unterschiede zwischen den Zellsystemen jedoch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig erkl{\"a}rt. Keine der untersuchten Galpha-Proteinchim{\"a}ren spiegelte die intrinsische S{\"u}ße der Substanzen wider. Wenn auch nicht urs{\"a}chlich f{\"u}r die Diskrepanz zwischen S{\"u}ßrezeptoraktivierung in vitro und S{\"u}ßgeschmack in vivo, so weisen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit auf eine Interaktion der S{\"u}ßrezeptoruntereinheiten mit dem humanen Calcium-sensing Rezeptor hin. Vanillin und Ethylvanillin konnten als neue Agonisten des Calcium-sensing Rezeptors identifiziert werden. Wie die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, k{\"o}nnen sich kleine Unterschiede im Zellhintergrund deutlich auf die Funktionsweise heterolog exprimierter Rezeptoren auswirken. Dies zeigt wie wichtig die Wahl der Zellen f{\"u}r solche Screeningsysteme ist.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Laemke2015, author = {L{\"a}mke, J{\"o}rn}, title = {Determining the future in the past}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {149}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Austin2015, author = {Austin, Gina}, title = {The mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between executive function and conduct problems in elementary school-age children}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {171}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Soulie2015, author = {Souli{\´e}, Virginie}, title = {Sessile droplets of salt solutions on inert and metallic surfaces}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90329}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In this thesis we investigate the evaporation behaviour of sessile droplets of aqueous saline solutions on planar inert and metallic surfaces and characterise the corrosion phenomenon for iron surfaces. First we study the evaporation behaviour of sessile salty droplets on inert surfaces for a wide range of salt concentrations, relative humidities, droplet sizes and contact angles. Our study reveals the range of validity of the well-accepted diffusion-controlled evaporation model and highlights the impact of salt concentration (surface tension) gradients driven Marangoni flows on the evaporation behaviour and the subsequent salty deposit patterns. Furthermore we study the spatial-temporal evolution of sessile droplets from saline solutions on metallic surfaces. In contrast to the simple, generally accepted Evans droplet model, we show that the corrosion spreads ahead of the macroscopic contact line with a peripheral film. The three-phase contact line is destabilized by surface tension gradients induced by ionic composition changes during the course of the corrosion process and migration of cations towards the droplet perimeter. Finally we investigate the corrosion behaviour under drying salty sessile droplets on metallic surfaces. The corrosion process, in particular the location of anodic and cathodic activities over the footprint droplet area is correlated to the spatial distribution of the salt inside the drying droplet.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Boettle2015, author = {B{\"o}ttle, Markus}, title = {Coastal floods in view of sea level rise}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91074}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 111}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The sea level rise induced intensification of coastal floods is a serious threat to many regions in proximity to the ocean. Although severe flood events are rare they can entail enormous damage costs, especially when built-up areas are inundated. Fortunately, the mean sea level advances slowly and there is enough time for society to adapt to the changing environment. Most commonly, this is achieved by the construction or reinforcement of flood defence measures such as dykes or sea walls but also land use and disaster management are widely discussed options. Overall, albeit the projection of sea level rise impacts and the elaboration of adequate response strategies is amongst the most prominent topics in climate impact research, global damage estimates are vague and mostly rely on the same assessment models. The thesis at hand contributes to this issue by presenting a distinctive approach which facilitates large scale assessments as well as the comparability of results across regions. Moreover, we aim to improve the general understanding of the interplay between mean sea level rise, adaptation, and coastal flood damage. Our undertaking is based on two basic building blocks. Firstly, we make use of macroscopic flood-damage functions, i.e. damage functions that provide the total monetary damage within a delineated region (e.g. a city) caused by a flood of certain magnitude. After introducing a systematic methodology for the automatised derivation of such functions, we apply it to a total of 140 European cities and obtain a large set of damage curves utilisable for individual as well as comparative damage assessments. By scrutinising the resulting curves, we are further able to characterise the slope of the damage functions by means of a functional model. The proposed function has in general a sigmoidal shape but exhibits a power law increase for the relevant range of flood levels and we detect an average exponent of 3.4 for the considered cities. This finding represents an essential input for subsequent elaborations on the general interrelations of involved quantities. The second basic element of this work is extreme value theory which is employed to characterise the occurrence of flood events and in conjunction with a damage function provides the probability distribution of the annual damage in the area under study. The resulting approach is highly flexible as it assumes non-stationarity in all relevant parameters and can be easily applied to arbitrary regions, sea level, and adaptation scenarios. For instance, we find a doubling of expected flood damage in the city of Copenhagen for a rise in mean sea levels of only 11 cm. By following more general considerations, we succeed in deducing surprisingly simple functional expressions to describe the damage behaviour in a given region for varying mean sea levels, changing storm intensities, and supposed protection levels. We are thus able to project future flood damage by means of a reduced set of parameters, namely the aforementioned damage function exponent and the extreme value parameters. Similar examinations are carried out to quantify the aleatory uncertainty involved in these projections. In this regard, a decrease of (relative) uncertainty with rising mean sea levels is detected. Beyond that, we demonstrate how potential adaptation measures can be assessed in terms of a Cost-Benefit Analysis. This is exemplified by the Danish case study of Kalundborg, where amortisation times for a planned investment are estimated for several sea level scenarios and discount rates.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mielke2015, author = {Mielke, Christian}, title = {Multi- and Hyperspectral Spaceborne Remote Sensing for Mine Waste and Mineral Deposit Characterization, new Applications to the EnMAP and Sentinel-2 Missions}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {140}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schnitzler2015, author = {Schnitzler, Carola}, title = {Phonologische Bewusstheit und Schriftspracherwerb}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92370}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 52}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, inwieweit die Integrit{\"a}t der phonologischen Sprachverarbeitung f{\"u}r den erfolgreichen Schriftspracherwerb bei deutschsprachigen Kindern relevant ist. Hierbei bilden F{\"a}higkeiten zur phonologischen Bewusstheit (PhB) den Schwerpunkt. Der erfolgreiche Schriftspracherwerb ist nicht nur f{\"u}r den Bildungserfolg mit den damit verbundenen beruflichen und sozio‑{\"o}konomischen Perspektiven wichtig, sondern auch f{\"u}r die aktive Teilhabe am sozialen und kulturellen Leben in unserer Gesellschaft. Die Bestandteile dieser publikationsbasierten Dissertation sind eine Monographie (Schnitzler, 2008), ein Beitrag in einem Sammelwerk (Schnitzler, 2013) sowie zwei Zeitschriftenartikel (Schnitzler, 2014, 2015). Die ersten beiden Publikationen besch{\"a}ftigen sich mit der Entwicklung der PhB sowie Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen PhB und Schriftsprachfertigkeiten. Die beiden Zeitschriftenartikel besch{\"a}ftigen sich mit dem LRS‑Risiko deutschsprachiger Kinder, die im Vorschulalter aufgrund phonologischer Aussprachest{\"o}rungen (PhAS) logop{\"a}disch behandelt werden. Hierzu wurden in Schnitzler (2015) die Ergebnisse einer selbst durchgef{\"u}hrten Studie dargestellt. In dieser Studie wurden m{\"o}gliche Einfl{\"u}sse zus{\"a}tzlicher nicht‑phonologischer Symptome und der Art der phonologischen Aussprachest{\"o}rung kontrolliert. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass zum Schulbeginn und w{\"a}hrend der Schuleingangsphase genau beobachtet werden sollte, ob Kinder {\"u}ber altersentsprechende F{\"a}higkeiten zur PhB verf{\"u}gen und ob sie diese segmental‑phonologischen Wissensbest{\"a}nde bewusst aktivieren und beim Lesen und Schreiben effizient nutzen. Dies gilt insbesondere f{\"u}r Kinder, f{\"u}r die ein erh{\"o}htes LRS‑Risiko besteht. Verf{\"u}gen Kinder zu dieser Zeit {\"u}ber unzureichend spezifizierte phonologische Repr{\"a}sentationen, ist eine fr{\"u}hzeitige Intervention im Sinne einer Pr{\"a}vention von LRS angezeigt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kuehl2015, author = {K{\"u}hl, Alicia}, title = {Modenschauen}, series = {Fashion Studies ; 5}, journal = {Fashion Studies ; 5}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-2885-2}, pages = {330}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Wie kommt das Neue der Mode auf die Welt? Alicia K{\"u}hl zeigt, dass das Neue nicht mehr im Modedesign, sondern im Modenschaudesign behauptet wird. In ihrer modetheoretisch fundierten Arbeit, f{\"u}r die sie zudem Theorien des Performativen, des Raumes, der Atmosph{\"a}ren und des Neuen hinzuzieht, untersucht sie Modenschauen ausgew{\"a}hlter Haute-Couture-und Pr{\^e}t-{\`a}-porter-Designer_innen der letzten 30 Jahre und zeichnet nach, inwieweit die in ihnen erzeugten Atmosph{\"a}ren als L{\"o}sung einer vestiment{\"a}ren »Inventionsbredouille« eingesetzt werden. Die Studie hinterfragt erstmals die Funktion und Position der Modenschau innerhalb des Modezyklus, was auch eine Neubewertung der Rolle der Kleidung nach sich zieht.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Obu2015, author = {Obu, Jaroslav}, title = {Effect of mass wasting on soil organic carbon storage and coastal erosion in permafrost environments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90599}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iii, 93}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Accelerated permafrost thaw under the warming Arctic climate can have a significant impact on Arctic landscapes. Areas underlain by permafrost store high amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). Permafrost disturbances may contribute to increased release of carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. Coastal erosion, amplified through a decrease in Arctic sea-ice extent, may also mobilise SOC from permafrost. Large expanses of permafrost affected land are characterised by intense mass-wasting processes such as solifluction, active-layer detachments and retrogressive thaw slumping. Our aim is to assess the influence of mass wasting on SOC storage and coastal erosion. We studied SOC storage on Herschel Island by analysing active-layer and permafrost samples, and compared non-disturbed sites to those characterised by mass wasting. Mass-wasting sites showed decreased SOC storage and material compaction, whereas sites characterised by material accumulation showed increased storage. The SOC storage on Herschel Island is also significantly correlated to catenary position and other slope characteristics. We estimated SOC storage on Herschel Island to be 34.8 kg C m-2. This is comparable to similar environments in northwest Canada and Alaska. Coastal erosion was analysed using high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). Two LIDAR scanning of the Yukon Coast were done in 2012 and 2013. Two DEMs with 1 m horizontal resolution were generated and used to analyse elevation changes along the coast. The results indicate considerable spatial variability in short-term coastline erosion and progradation. The high variability was related to the presence of mass-wasting processes. Erosion and deposition extremes were recorded where the retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) activity was most pronounced. Released sediment can be transported by longshore drift and affects not only the coastal processes in situ but also along adjacent coasts. We also calculated volumetric coastal erosion for Herschel Island by comparing a stereo-photogrammetrically derived DEM from 2004 with LIDAR DEMs. We compared this volumetric erosion to planimetric erosion, which was based on coastlines digitised from satellite imagery. We found a complex relationship between planimetric and volumetric coastal erosion, which we attribute to frequent occurrence of mass-wasting processes along the coasts. Our results suggest that volumetric erosion corresponds better with environmental forcing and is more suitable for the estimation of organic carbon fluxes than planimetric erosion. Mass wasting can decrease SOC storage by several mechanisms. Increased aeration following disturbance may increase microbial activity, which accelerates organic matter decomposition. New hydrological conditions that follow the mass wasting event can cause leaching of freshly exposed material. Organic rich material can also be directly removed into the sea or into a lake. On the other hand the accumulation of mobilised material can result in increased SOC storage. Mass-wasting related accumulations of mobilised material can significantly impact coastal erosion in situ or along the adjacent coast by longshore drift. Therefore, the coastline movement observations cannot completely resolve the actual sediment loss due to these temporary accumulations. The predicted increase of mass-wasting activity in the course of Arctic warming may increase SOC mobilisation and coastal erosion induced carbon fluxes.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Prokhorov2015, author = {Prokhorov, Boris E.}, title = {High-latitude coupling processes between thermospheric circulation and solar wind driven magnetospheric currents and plasma convection}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92353}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {117}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The high-latitudinal thermospheric processes driven by the solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) interaction with the Earth magnetosphere are highly variable parts of the complex dynamic plasma environment, which represent the coupled Magnetosphere - Ionosphere - Thermosphere (MIT) system. The solar wind and IMF interactions transfer energy to the MIT system via reconnection processes at the magnetopause. The Field Aligned Currents (FACs) constitute the energetic links between the magnetosphere and the Earth ionosphere. The MIT system depends on the highly variable solar wind conditions, in particular on changes of the strength and orientation of the IMF. In my thesis, I perform an investigation on the physical background of the complex MIT system using the global physical - numerical, three-dimensional, time-dependent and self-consistent Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM). This model describes the thermosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere and inner magnetosphere as well as the electrodynamics of the coupled MIT system for the altitudinal range from 80 (60) km up to the 15 Earth radii. In the present study, I developed and investigated several variants of the high-latitudinal electrodynamic coupling by including the IMF dependence of FACs into the UAM model. For testing, the various variants were applied to simulations of the coupled MIT system for different seasons, geomagnetic activities, various solar wind and IMF conditions. Additionally, these variants of the theoretical model with the IMF dependence were compared with global empirical models. The modelling results for the most important thermospheric parameters like neutral wind and mass density were compared with satellite measurements. The variants of the UAM model with IMF dependence show a good agreement with the satellite observations. In comparison with the empirical models, the improved variants of the UAM model reproduce a more realistic meso-scale structures and dynamics of the coupled MIT system than the empirical models, in particular at high latitudes. The new configurations of the UAM model with IMF dependence contribute to the improvement of space weather prediction.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Goetze2015, author = {G{\"o}tze, Susanne}, title = {Die Neue franz{\"o}sische Linke von 1958 - 1968}, publisher = {Tectum}, address = {Marburg}, isbn = {978-3-8288-3691-4}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {480}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Frankreich 1958: Der Algerienkrieg eskaliert, die links-liberale Regierung implodiert und reicht die Macht an General Charles de Gaulle weiter. Der hebt im Oktober die V. Republik aus der Taufe - und die franz{\"o}sische Linke gesteht damit ihre Ohnmacht ein. Die Sozialisten haben den Machtantritt des konservativen Generals nicht verhindert, sondern diesen sogar mit angezettelt. Auch die Kommunisten sind isoliert und k{\"a}mpfen mit dem stalinistischen Erbe. Einige Genossen erkennen ihre sozialistische Bewegung nicht wieder und beschließen, eine neue linke Bewegung aufbauen. Sie wollen de Gaulle und den Krieg offen bek{\"a}mpfen, "veraltete" linke Ideologien {\"u}ber Bord werfen und ein "Labor" f{\"u}r neues linkes Denken schaffen. Parteimitglieder der Altkommunisten, Sozialisten und Trotzkisten, aber auch K{\"u}nstler, Philosophen und Schriftsteller wurden Teil dieser heterogenen Bewegung, die heute als Neue Linke bezeichnet wird. Der interessierte Leser begreift nun die Ideengeschichte dieser Neuen franz{\"o}sischen Linken, die nicht nur einen starken Einfluss auf die Ereignisse um 1968 in Frankreich aus{\"u}bte, sondern deren Ans{\"a}tze noch bis heute im linken Spektrum, inner- wie außerparteilich, f{\"u}r Diskussionsstoff sorgen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Koehler2015, author = {K{\"o}hler, Anke}, title = {Theoriebasierte Betreuung des Schulpraktikums im Lehramtsstudium Englisch}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91531}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Der Beitrag der Dissertation „Theoriebasierte Betreuung vom Schulpraktikum im Lehramtsstudium Englisch" zum wissenschaftlichen Diskurs liegt in der Verbindung von Theoriebereichen der Professionalisierungsforschung und angewandten Linguistik mit Untersuchungen zur hochschuldidaktischen Begleitung und Betreuung im ersten Unterrichtspraktikum des Lehramtsstudiums, dem fachdidaktischen Tagespraktikum, an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam. Ein interaktionsanalytisches Vorgehen wurde eingesetzt zur Weiterentwicklung des hochschuldidaktischen Settings einer disziplinenverbindenden, fachwissenschaftlichen Begleitung von Praktika im komplexen Kontext Schule. Die Implementierung entsprechender Formate ins regul{\"a}re Studium wurde in einer {\"u}ber drei Jahre angelegten iterativen Studie turnusm{\"a}ßig evaluiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Aich2015, author = {Aich, Valentin}, title = {Floods in the Niger River Basin in the face of global change}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91577}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 275}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In the last decade, the number and dimensions of catastrophic flooding events in the Niger River Basin (NRB) have markedly increased. Despite the devastating impact of the floods on the population and the mainly agriculturally based economy of the riverine nations, awareness of the hazards in policy and science is still low. The urgency of this topic and the existing research deficits are the motivation for the present dissertation. The thesis is an initial detailed assessment of the increasing flood risk in the NRB. The research strategy is based on four questions regarding (1) features of the change in flood risk, (2) reasons for the change in the flood regime, (3) expected changes of the flood regime given climate and land use changes, and (4) recommendations from previous analysis for reducing the flood risk in the NRB. The question examining the features of change in the flood regime is answered by means of statistical analysis. Trend, correlation, changepoint, and variance analyses show that, in addition to the factors exposure and vulnerability, the hazard itself has also increased significantly in the NRB, in accordance with the decadal climate pattern of West Africa. The northern arid and semi-arid parts of the NRB are those most affected by the changes. As potential reasons for the increase in flood magnitudes, climate and land use changes are attributed by means of a hypothesis-testing framework. Two different approaches, based on either data analysis or simulation, lead to similar results, showing that the influence of climatic changes is generally larger compared to that of land use changes. Only in the dry areas of the NRB is the influence of land use changes comparable to that of climatic alterations. Future changes of the flood regime are evaluated using modelling results. First ensembles of statistically and dynamically downscaled climate models based on different emission scenarios are analyzed. The models agree with a distinct increase in temperature. The precipitation signal, however, is not coherent. The climate scenarios are used to drive an eco-hydrological model. The influence of climatic changes on the flood regime is uncertain due to the unclear precipitation signal. Still, in general, higher flood peaks are expected. In a next step, effects of land use changes are integrated into the model. Different scenarios show that regreening might help to reduce flood peaks. In contrast, an expansion of agriculture might enhance the flood peaks in the NRB. Similarly to the analysis of observed changes in the flood regime, the impacts of climate- and land use changes for the future scenarios are also most severe in the dry areas of the NRB. In order to answer the final research question, the results of the above analysis are integrated into a range of recommendations for science and policy on how to reduce flood risk in the NRB. The main recommendations include a stronger consideration of the enormous natural climate variability in the NRB and a focus on so called "no-regret" adaptation strategies which account for high uncertainty, as well as a stronger consideration of regional differences. Regarding the prevention and mitigation of catastrophic flooding, the most vulnerable and sensitive areas in the basin, the arid and semi-arid Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian regions, should be prioritized. Eventually, an active, science-based and science-guided flood policy is recommended. The enormous population growth in the NRB in connection with the expected deterioration of environmental and climatic conditions is likely to enhance the region´s vulnerability to flooding. A smart and sustainable flood policy can help mitigate these negative impacts of flooding on the development of riverine societies in West Africa.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Paijmans2015, author = {Paijmans, Johanna L. A.}, title = {Application of hybridisation capture to investigate complete mitogenomes from ancient samples}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {207}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SadrAzodi2015, author = {Sadr-Azodi, Amir Shahab}, title = {Towards Real-time SIEM-based Network monitoring and Intrusion Detection through Advanced Event Normalization}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {144}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Liebrich2015, author = {Liebrich, Marietta}, title = {Einfluss von Prozessoptimierungen auf die mikrobielle Diversit{\"a}t und die Effizienz der Gasbildung in Co-Verg{\"a}rungsanlagen der Abfallwirtschaft}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91066}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 102}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Im Hinblick auf die Problematik der Umweltverschmutzung durch die Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe ist es n{\"o}tig, eine langfristig stabile und umweltfreundliche Energieversorgung zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Eine M{\"o}glichkeit, den Energiebedarf CO2-neutral zu decken, ist die Nutzung von Biogas. Hierbei spielt der Einsatz von biogenen Reststoffen, die durch einen hohen Anteil an Kohlenhydraten, Fetten und Proteinen gekennzeichnet sind und daher ein hohes Biogaspotential besitzen, eine wichtige Rolle. Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die Effizienz und Rentabilit{\"a}t solcher Anlagen ist u. a. ein stabiler Gasbildungsprozess. Da bisher noch nicht alle Aspekte der Biogasbildung vollst{\"a}ndig verstanden sind, werden die Anlagen oft nicht optimal ausgelastet, um Prozessst{\"o}rungen wie z. B. {\"U}bers{\"a}uerung zu vermeiden. Um dennoch auftretende Prozessst{\"o}rungen zu beheben, k{\"o}nnen unterschiedliche Maßnahmen durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Neben der Senkung der Raumbelastung, ist es m{\"o}glich, den pH-Wert durch die Zugabe von Natronlauge oder Calciumoxid anzuheben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden sowohl Prozessst{\"o}rungen als auch Prozessregenerierungen an einer großtechnischen Biogasanlage und in Laborversuchen untersucht. Dabei galt es, neben den physikalischen und chemischen Parametern, die mikrobielle Bioz{\"o}nose mit Hilfe des genetischen Fingerprintings zu charakterisieren und {\"A}nderungen zu detektieren. W{\"a}hrend der Prozessregenerierungen wurden nach der Zugabe von CaO Ver{\"a}nderungen des G{\"a}rrestes beobachtet. Es bildeten sich Pellets, die im Hinblick auf ihre Funktion f{\"u}r die Prozessregenerierung und die Prozessstabilit{\"a}t molekularbiologisch und mikroskopisch untersucht wurden. Es wurde weiterhin der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle die Mikroorganismen bei der Entstehung der Pellets spielen. Die vor allem aus Calcium und Fetts{\"a}uren bestehenden Pellets dienten als Aufwuchsfl{\"a}chen f{\"u}r verschiedene Mikroorganismen. Die Bildung von Biofilmen, wie sie auf und in den Pellets nachgewiesen wurde, bot f{\"u}r Mikroorganismen einen Schutz vor negativen Umwelteinfl{\"u}ssen wie z. B. hohe Propions{\"a}urekonzentrationen. Unter diesen g{\"u}nstigen Bedingungen war die Bildung von Biogas auch unter hohen Wasserstoffpartialdr{\"u}cken, die den Abbau von Propions{\"a}ure hemmten, m{\"o}glich. Als Indikator f{\"u}r bessere Lebensbedingungen wurde im Laborversuch ein Methanoculleus receptaculi-verwandter Organismus identifiziert. Dieses methanogene Archaeon wurde im Pellet nachgewiesen, w{\"a}hrend es im G{\"a}rrest erst nach der Prozessregenerierung detektiert wurde. Der Nachweis eines im Vergleich zum umgebenden G{\"a}rrest h{\"o}heren Anteils an Archaeen im Kern der Pellets sowie von Biofilmen/EPS, verschiedenen Phosphatsalzen und schwerl{\"o}slichen Calciumsalzen zeigte, dass sowohl Pr{\"a}zipitation und Adsorption als auch Degradation von LCFA dazu f{\"u}hren, dass deren Konzentration im fl{\"u}ssigen G{\"a}rrest gesenkt wird. Dadurch nimmt die Hemmung auf die Bioz{\"o}nose ab und die Biogasbildungsrate steigt. Daher ist der Abbau der Fetts{\"a}uren auch bei einem niedrigen pH-Wert und unter hohen Wasserstoffpartialdr{\"u}cken m{\"o}glich und der Biogasbildungsprozess ist langfristig stabil. Die Bildung von Pellets unterst{\"u}tzt die Prozessstabilit{\"a}t, sofern diese nicht zu groß werden und dann u. a. die Durchmischung behindern und den Ablauf verstopfen. Nach erfolgreicher Prozessstabilisierung wurden keine Pellets im G{\"a}rrest beobachtet. Der Abbau des organischen Materials wurde sowohl durch die steigende Calciumkonzentration als auch die steigende Gasproduktion angezeigt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Balk2015, author = {Balk, Maria}, title = {3D structured shape-memory hydrogels with enzymatically-induced shape shifting}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {128}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schroeder2015, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Sarah}, title = {Modelling surface evolution coupled with tectonics}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90385}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 129}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This study presents the development of 1D and 2D Surface Evolution Codes (SECs) and their coupling to any lithospheric-scale (thermo-)mechanical code with a quadrilateral structured surface mesh. Both SECs involve diffusion as approach for hillslope processes and the stream power law to reflect riverbed incision. The 1D SEC settles sediment that was produced by fluvial incision in the appropriate minimum, while the supply-limited 2D SEC DANSER uses a fast filling algorithm to model sedimantation. It is based on a cellular automaton. A slope-dependent factor in the sediment flux extends the diffusion equation to nonlinear diffusion. The discharge accumulation is achieved with the D8-algorithm and an improved drainage accumulation routine. Lateral incision enhances the incision's modelling. Following empirical laws, it incises channels of several cells width. The coupling method enables different temporal and spatial resolutions of the SEC and the thermo-mechanical code. It transfers vertical as well as horizontal displacements to the surface model. A weighted smoothing of the 3D surface displacements is implemented. The smoothed displacement vectors transmit the deformation by bilinear interpolation to the surface model. These interpolation methods ensure mass conservation in both directions and prevent the two surfaces from drifting apart. The presented applications refer to the evolution of the Pamir orogen. A calibration of DANSER's parameters with geomorphological data and a DEM as initial topography highlights the advantage of lateral incision. Preserving the channel width and reflecting incision peaks in narrow channels, this closes the huge gap between current orogen-scale incision models and observed topographies. River capturing models in a system of fault-bounded block rotations reaffirm the importance of the lateral incision routine for capturing events with channel initiation. The models show a low probability of river capturings with large deflection angles. While the probability of river capturing is directly depending on the uplift rate, the erodibility inside of a dip-slip fault speeds up headward erosion along the fault: The model's capturing speed increases within a fault. Coupling DANSER with the thermo-mechanical code SLIM 3D emphasizes the versatility of the SEC. While DANSER has minor influence on the lithospheric evolution of an indenter model, the brittle surface deformation is strongly affected by its sedimentation, widening a basin in between two forming orogens and also the southern part of the southern orogen to south, east and west.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rach2015, author = {Rach, Oliver}, title = {Qualitative and quantitative estimations of hydrological changes in western Europe during abrupt climate shifts using lipid biomarker derived stable hydrogen isotope records}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {217}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Apelt2015, author = {Apelt, Federico}, title = {Implementation of an imaging-based approach using a 3D light-field camera to analyse plant growth behaviour}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {227}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ploetner2015, author = {Pl{\"o}tner, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {F2 hybrid chlorosis in a cross between the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Shahdara and Lovvik-5}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {99}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kniepert2015, author = {Kniepert, Juliane}, title = {Correlation between dynamic parameters and device performance of organic solar cells}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90087}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {129}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on polymer:fullerene blends are a promising alternative for a low-cost solar energy conversion. Despite significant improvements of the power conversion efficiency in recent years, the fundamental working principles of these devices are yet not fully understood. In general, the current output of organic solar cells is determined by the generation of free charge carriers upon light absorption and their transport to the electrodes in competition to the loss of charge carriers due to recombination. The object of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic processes and physical parameters determining the performance. A new approach for analyzing the characteristic current-voltage output was developed comprising the experimental determination of the efficiencies of charge carrier generation, recombination and transport, combined with numerical device simulations. Central issues at the beginning of this work were the influence of an electric field on the free carrier generation process and the contribution of generation, recombination and transport to the current-voltage characteristics. An elegant way to directly measure the field dependence of the free carrier generation is the Time Delayed Collection Field (TDCF) method. In TDCF charge carriers are generated by a short laser pulse and subsequently extracted by a defined rectangular voltage pulse. A new setup was established with an improved time resolution compared to former reports in literature. It was found that charge generation is in general independent of the electric field, in contrast to the current view in literature and opposed to the expectations of the Braun-Onsager model that was commonly used to describe the charge generation process. Even in cases where the charge generation was found to be field-dependend, numerical modelling showed that this field-dependence is in general not capable to account for the voltage dependence of the photocurrent. This highlights the importance of efficient charge extraction in competition to non-geminate recombination, which is the second objective of the thesis. Therefore, two different techniques were combined to characterize the dynamics and efficiency of non-geminate recombination under device-relevant conditions. One new approach is to perform TDCF measurements with increasing delay between generation and extraction of charges. Thus, TDCF was used for the first time to measure charge carrier generation, recombination and transport with the same experimental setup. This excludes experimental errors due to different measurement and preparation conditions and demonstrates the strength of this technique. An analytic model for the description of TDCF transients was developed and revealed the experimental conditions for which reliable results can be obtained. In particular, it turned out that the \$RC\$ time of the setup which is mainly given by the sample geometry has a significant influence on the shape of the transients which has to be considered for correct data analysis. Secondly, a complementary method was applied to characterize charge carrier recombination under steady state bias and illumination, i.e. under realistic operating conditions. This approach relies on the precise determination of the steady state carrier densities established in the active layer. It turned out that current techniques were not sufficient to measure carrier densities with the necessary accuracy. Therefore, a new technique {Bias Assisted Charge Extraction} (BACE) was developed. Here, the charge carriers photogenerated under steady state illumination are extracted by applying a high reverse bias. The accelerated extraction compared to conventional charge extraction minimizes losses through non-geminate recombination and trapping during extraction. By performing numerical device simulations under steady state, conditions were established under which quantitative information on the dynamics can be retrieved from BACE measurements. The applied experimental techniques allowed to sensitively analyse and quantify geminate and non-geminate recombination losses along with charge transport in organic solar cells. A full analysis was exemplarily demonstrated for two prominent polymer-fullerene blends. The model system P3HT:PCBM spincast from chloroform (as prepared) exhibits poor power conversion efficiencies (PCE) on the order of 0.5\%, mainly caused by low fill factors (FF) and currents. It could be shown that the performance of these devices is limited by the hole transport and large bimolecular recombination (BMR) losses, while geminate recombination losses are insignificant. The low polymer crystallinity and poor interconnection between the polymer and fullerene domains leads to a hole mobility of the order of 10^-7 cm^2/Vs which is several orders of magnitude lower than the electron mobility in these devices. The concomitant build up of space charge hinders extraction of both electrons and holes and promotes bimolecular recombination losses. Thermal annealing of P3HT:PCBM blends directly after spin coating improves crystallinity and interconnection of the polymer and the fullerene phase and results in comparatively high electron and hole mobilities in the order of 10^-3 cm^2/Vs and 10^-4 cm^2/Vs, respectively. In addition, a coarsening of the domain sizes leads to a reduction of the BMR by one order of magnitude. High charge carrier mobilities and low recombination losses result in comparatively high FF (>65\%) and short circuit current (J_SC ≈ 10 mA/cm^2). The overall device performance (PCE ≈ 4\%) is only limited by a rather low spectral overlap of absorption and solar emission and a small V_OC, given by the energetics of the P3HT. From this point of view the combination of the low bandgap polymer PTB7 with PCBM is a promising approach. In BHJ solar cells, this polymer leads to a higher V_OC due to optimized energetics with PCBM. However, the J_SC in these (unoptimized) devices is similar to the J_SC in the optimized blend with P3HT and the FF is rather low (≈ 50\%). It turned out that the unoptimized PTB7:PCBM blends suffer from high BMR, a low electron mobility of the order of 10^-5 cm^2/Vs and geminate recombination losses due to field dependent charge carrier generation. The use of the solvent additive DIO optimizes the blend morphology, mainly by suppressing the formation of very large fullerene domains and by forming a more uniform structure of well interconnected donor and acceptor domains of the order of a few nanometers. Our analysis shows that this results in an increase of the electron mobility by about one order of magnitude (3 x 10^-4 cm^2/Vs), while BMR and geminate recombination losses are significantly reduced. In total these effects improve the J_SC (≈ 17 mA/cm^2) and the FF (> 70\%). In 2012 this polymer/fullerene combination resulted in a record PCE for a single junction OSC of 9.2\%. Remarkably, the numerical device simulations revealed that the specific shape of the J-V characteristics depends very sensitively to the variation of not only one, but all dynamic parameters. On the one hand this proves that the experimentally determined parameters, if leading to a good match between simulated and measured J-V curves, are realistic and reliable. On the other hand it also emphasizes the importance to consider all involved dynamic quantities, namely charge carrier generation, geminate and non-geminate recombination as well as electron and hole mobilities. The measurement or investigation of only a subset of these parameters as frequently found in literature will lead to an incomplete picture and possibly to misleading conclusions. Importantly, the comparison of the numerical device simulation employing the measured parameters and the experimental \$J-V\$ characteristics allows to identify loss channels and limitations of OSC. For example, it turned out that inefficient extraction of charge carriers is a criticical limitation factor that is often disobeyed. However, efficient and fast transport of charges becomes more and more important with the development of new low bandgap materials with very high internal quantum efficiencies. Likewise, due to moderate charge carrier mobilities, the active layer thicknesses of current high-performance devices are usually limited to around 100 nm. However, larger layer thicknesses would be more favourable with respect to higher current output and robustness of production. Newly designed donor materials should therefore at best show a high tendency to form crystalline structures, as observed in P3HT, combined with the optimized energetics and quantum efficiency of, for example, PTB7.}, language = {en} }