@article{HartmannHelbigBiernackaetal.2019, author = {Hartmann, Niklas K. and Helbig, Kerstin and Biernacka, Katarzyna and Buchholz, Petra and Dolzycka, Dominika and Hartmann, Thomas and Hiemenz, Bea and Jacob, Boris and Kuberek, Monika and Weiß, Nadin and Dreyer, Malte}, title = {L{\"o}sungen und Leitf{\"a}den f{\"u}r das institutionelle Forschungsdatenmanagement}, series = {o-bib Das offene Bibliotheksjournal}, volume = {6}, journal = {o-bib Das offene Bibliotheksjournal}, number = {3}, publisher = {VDB - Verein Deutscher Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare e.V.}, address = {Erlangen}, issn = {2363-9814}, doi = {10.5282/o-bib/2019H3S21-39}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472370}, pages = {21 -- 39}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Hochschulen und deren Zentraleinrichtungen besch{\"a}ftigen sich zunehmend mit dem Thema Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM), um ihre Forschenden ad{\"a}quat zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund neuer Verlags- und F{\"o}rderanforderungen w{\"u}nschen sich Forschende Beratung und Orientierung, wie sie mit ihren Forschungsdaten umgehen sollen. Damit Hochschulen schnell und nachhaltig L{\"o}sungen zum institutionellen FDM etablieren k{\"o}nnen, haben f{\"u}nf Berliner und Brandenburger Universit{\"a}ten im gemeinsamen Verbundvorhaben FDMentor mit F{\"o}rderung des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) entsprechende Leitf{\"a}den und Werkzeuge erarbeitet. Die innerhalb von zwei Jahren (2017-2019) entstandenen Ergebnisse in den Bereichen Strategieentwicklung, Forschungsdaten-Policy, rechtliche Aspekte und Kompetenzausbau finden {\"u}ber das Verbundprojekt hinaus ihre Anwendung.}, language = {de} } @misc{Pilarczyk2019, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Pilarczyk, Paulina}, title = {Der Einsatz lateinamerikanischer Telenovelas im Spanischunterricht am Beispiel von Yo soy Betty, la fea}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43100}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431006}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {114}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Potenzial lateinamerikanischer Telenovelas als audiovisuelle Medien f{\"u}r den Fremdsprachenunterricht Spanisch und deren Eignung f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung der funktionalen kommunikativen Kompetenz, der interkulturellen kommunikativen Kompetenz und der Medienkompetenz aufzuzeigen. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung liegt dabei im lateinamerikanischen Spanisch und der lateinamerikanischen Kultur. Zu diesem Zweck werden ausgew{\"a}hlte Szenen aus der weltweit popul{\"a}rsten kolumbianischen Telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea analysiert. Es werden zwei Szenen aus dem Arbeitsleben und zwei Szenen aus dem Privatleben in Hinblick auf die funktionale kommunikative Kompetenz untersucht. Des Weiteren werden die kulturellen Elemente in dieser Telenovela w{\"a}hrend der Analyse geschildert. Schließlich wird die Telenovela mit dem Fokus auf die Medienkompetenz, daher auf die Eigenschaften und Konventionen des Genres Telenovela, hin untersucht.}, language = {de} } @misc{AbbasVranicHoffmannetal.2019, author = {Abbas, Ioana M. and Vranic, Marija and Hoffmann, Holger and El-Khatib, Ahmed H. and Montes-Bay{\´o}n, Mar{\´i}a and M{\"o}ller, Heiko Michael and Weller, Michael G.}, title = {Investigations of the Copper Peptide Hepcidin-25 by LC-MS/MS and NMR⁺}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {701}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42792}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427926}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Hepcidin-25 was identified as themain iron regulator in the human body, and it by binds to the sole iron-exporter ferroportin. Studies showed that the N-terminus of hepcidin is responsible for this interaction, the same N-terminus that encompasses a small copper(II) binding site known as the ATCUN (amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding) motif. Interestingly, this copper-binding property is largely ignored in most papers dealing with hepcidin-25. In this context, detailed investigations of the complex formed between hepcidin-25 and copper could reveal insight into its biological role. The present work focuses on metal-bound hepcidin-25 that can be considered the biologically active form. The first part is devoted to the reversed-phase chromatographic separation of copper-bound and copper-free hepcidin-25 achieved by applying basic mobile phases containing 0.1\% ammonia. Further, mass spectrometry (tandemmass spectrometry (MS/MS), high-resolutionmass spectrometry (HRMS)) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the copper-peptide. Lastly, a three-dimensional (3D)model of hepcidin-25with bound copper(II) is presented. The identification of metal complexes and potential isoforms and isomers, from which the latter usually are left undetected by mass spectrometry, led to the conclusion that complementary analytical methods are needed to characterize a peptide calibrant or referencematerial comprehensively. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and chiral amino acid analysis (AAA) should be considered among others.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2019, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, edition = {2nd version}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43741}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437416}, pages = {21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequence's "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2019, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430089}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequences "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole.}, language = {en} } @misc{KayhanWagnerMeyerO’Reillyetal.2019, author = {Kayhan Wagner, Ezgi and Meyer, Marlene and O'Reilly, J.X. and Hunnius, Sabine and Bekkering, Harold}, title = {Nine-month-old infants update their predictive models of a changing environment}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {577}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437844}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life.}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2019, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {24}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {1/2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43863}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438633}, pages = {5 -- 11}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{WelkeFrank2019, author = {Welke, Lisa-Marie and Frank, Ulrike}, title = {Pilotfragebogenstudie zur praktischen Umsetzung und Koordination des Trachealkan{\"u}len-Managements in Berlin und Brandenburg}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43778}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437780}, pages = {115 -- 129}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @article{KrugStuebnerHoffmannetal.2019, author = {Krug, Ragna and St{\"u}bner, Hanna and Hoffmann, Sophie and Heide, Judith}, title = {Die Behandlung dysprosodischer Symptome bei Sprechapraxie}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-448-7}, issn = {1866-9085}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43780}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437808}, pages = {135 -- 142}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nikaj2019, author = {Nikaj, Adriatik}, title = {Restful choreographies}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43890}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438903}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xix, 146}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Business process management has become a key instrument to organize work as many companies represent their operations in business process models. Recently, business process choreography diagrams have been introduced as part of the Business Process Model and Notation standard to represent interactions between business processes, run by different partners. When it comes to the interactions between services on the Web, Representational State Transfer (REST) is one of the primary architectural styles employed by web services today. Ideally, the RESTful interactions between participants should implement the interactions defined at the business choreography level. The problem, however, is the conceptual gap between the business process choreography diagrams and RESTful interactions. Choreography diagrams, on the one hand, are modeled from business domain experts with the purpose of capturing, communicating and, ideally, driving the business interactions. RESTful interactions, on the other hand, depend on RESTful interfaces that are designed by web engineers with the purpose of facilitating the interaction between participants on the internet. In most cases however, business domain experts are unaware of the technology behind web service interfaces and web engineers tend to overlook the overall business goals of web services. While there is considerable work on using process models during process implementation, there is little work on using choreography models to implement interactions between business processes. This thesis addresses this research gap by raising the following research question: How to close the conceptual gap between business process choreographies and RESTful interactions? This thesis offers several research contributions that jointly answer the research question. The main research contribution is the design of a language that captures RESTful interactions between participants---RESTful choreography modeling language. Formal completeness properties (with respect to REST) are introduced to validate its instances, called RESTful choreographies. A systematic semi-automatic method for deriving RESTful choreographies from business process choreographies is proposed. The method employs natural language processing techniques to translate business interactions into RESTful interactions. The effectiveness of the approach is shown by developing a prototypical tool that evaluates the derivation method over a large number of choreography models. In addition, the thesis proposes solutions towards implementing RESTful choreographies. In particular, two RESTful service specifications are introduced for aiding, respectively, the execution of choreographies' exclusive gateways and the guidance of RESTful interactions.}, language = {en} } @misc{RungeGrosse2019, author = {Runge, Alexandra and Grosse, Guido}, title = {Comparing Spectral Characteristics of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Same-Day Data for Arctic-Boreal Regions}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {767}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43866}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438660}, pages = {29}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Arctic-Boreal regions experience strong changes of air temperature and precipitation regimes, which affect the thermal state of the permafrost. This results in widespread permafrost-thaw disturbances, some unfolding slowly and over long periods, others occurring rapidly and abruptly. Despite optical remote sensing offering a variety of techniques to assess and monitor landscape changes, a persistent cloud cover decreases the amount of usable images considerably. However, combining data from multiple platforms promises to increase the number of images drastically. We therefore assess the comparability of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery and the possibility to use both Landsat and Sentinel-2 images together in time series analyses, achieving a temporally-dense data coverage in Arctic-Boreal regions. We determined overlapping same-day acquisitions of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images for three representative study sites in Eastern Siberia. We then compared the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 pixel-pairs, downscaled to 60 m, of corresponding bands and derived the ordinary least squares regression for every band combination. The acquired coefficients were used for spectral bandpass adjustment between the two sensors. The spectral band comparisons showed an overall good fit between Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images already. The ordinary least squares regression analyses underline the generally good spectral fit with intercept values between 0.0031 and 0.056 and slope values between 0.531 and 0.877. A spectral comparison after spectral bandpass adjustment of Sentinel-2 values to Landsat-8 shows a nearly perfect alignment between the same-day images. The spectral band adjustment succeeds in adjusting Sentinel-2 spectral values to Landsat-8 very well in Eastern Siberian Arctic-Boreal landscapes. After spectral adjustment, Landsat and Sentinel-2 data can be used to create temporally-dense time series and be applied to assess permafrost landscape changes in Eastern Siberia. Remaining differences between the sensors can be attributed to several factors including heterogeneous terrain, poor cloud and cloud shadow masking, and mixed pixels.}, language = {en} } @misc{DahmaniLudwigChiantia2019, author = {Dahmani, Ismail and Ludwig, Kai and Chiantia, Salvatore}, title = {Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {768}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43868}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438689}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1-M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context,M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains).}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{BarqueroPipin2019, author = {Barquero Pip{\´i}n, Antonio Carlos}, title = {Lengua, cultura, interculturalidad}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-480-7}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43902}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439023}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {429}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ohne Pragmatik w{\"a}re Kommunikation nicht m{\"o}glich, da wir sprachliche Aussagen nicht interpretieren k{\"o}nnten. F{\"u}r jeden Lernenden einer Sprache, die er nicht beherrscht, reicht es nicht aus, sprachlich kompetent zu sein, da der Zweck der Kommunikation darin besteht, mit anderen Menschen und in bestimmten Kontexten zu kommunizieren. Nur eine Lehre, die es erm{\"o}glicht, Aussagen zur Durchf{\"u}hrung von Sprachhandlungen zu erstellen und zu verstehen und die f{\"u}r einen bestimmten Kontext am besten geeigneten auszuw{\"a}hlen, kann sich als effizient erweisen. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit zielt darauf ab, der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft und insbesondere denjenigen, die direkt und indirekt am Unterrichtsprozess beteiligt sind, das Konzept der verbalen Pragmatik bekannt zu machen und es anderen wie Grammatik, Kultur oder Interkulturalit{\"a}t gegen{\"u}ber zu stellen. Ferner wendet sie sich der Frage zu, wie man auf die Bedeutung und die dringende Notwendigkeit aufmerksam macht, Pragmatik als relevante Disziplin im Kommunikationsprozess zu etablieren; dabei wird insbesondere auf ihre systematische Einbeziehung in Lehrb{\"u}chern f{\"u}r Spanisch als Fremdsprache, die f{\"u}r den schulischen Kontext konzipiert wurden, abgestellt. Dazu werden das Vorhandensein pragmatischer Elemente und die F{\"o}rderung pragmatischer Kompetenz in Lehrb{\"u}chern f{\"u}r Anf{\"a}nger sowie ihre Relevanz bei der Festlegung von Inhalten, Fortschrittsart und Methodik untersucht.}, language = {es} } @misc{PalyulinBlackburnLomholtetal.2019, author = {Palyulin, Vladimir V and Blackburn, George and Lomholt, Michael A and Watkins, Nicholas W and Metzler, Ralf and Klages, Rainer and Chechkin, Aleksei V.}, title = {First passage and first hitting times of L{\´e}vy flights and L{\´e}vy walks}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {785}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43983}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439832}, pages = {25}, year = {2019}, abstract = {For both L{\´e}vy flight and L{\´e}vy walk search processes we analyse the full distribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These are, respectively, the times when the particle moves across a point at some given distance from its initial position for the first time, or when it lands at a given point for the first time. For L{\´e}vy motions with their propensity for long relocation events and thus the possibility to jump across a given point in space without actually hitting it ('leapovers'), these two definitions lead to significantly different results. We study the first-passage and first-hitting time distributions as functions of the L{\´e}vy stable index, highlighting the different behaviour for the cases when the first absolute moment of the jump length distribution is finite or infinite. In particular we examine the limits of short and long times. Our results will find their application in the mathematical modelling of random search processes as well as computer algorithms.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrahThulinFaiersteinetal.2019, author = {Krah, Markus and Thulin, Mirjam and Faierstein, Morris M. and Drori, Danielle and Coors, Maria and Schramm, Netta and Driver, Cory and Holzman, Gitit and Zuckermann, Ghil'ad and Fishbane, Eitan P. and Gruenbaum, Caroline and Schirrmeister, Sebastian and Ferrari, Francesco and Stemberger, G{\"u}nter and Schm{\"o}lz-H{\"a}berlein, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Judith and Schulz, Michael Karl and Meyer, Thomas and Artwińska, Anna and Walter, Simon}, title = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture}, number = {25}, editor = {Krah, Markus and Thulin, Mirjam and Pick, Bianca}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-468-5}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43262}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432621}, pages = {198}, year = {2019}, abstract = {PaRDeS, die Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V., erforscht die fruchtbare kulturelle Vielfalt des Judentums sowie ihre Ber{\"u}hrungspunkte zur nichtj{\"u}dischen Umwelt in unterschiedlichen Bereichen. Daneben dient die Zeitschrift als Forum zur Positionierung der F{\"a}cher J{\"u}dische Studien und ­Judaistik innerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses sowie zur Diskussion ihrer historischen und gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung.}, language = {en} } @misc{CeulemansGaedkeKlauschiesetal.2019, author = {Ceulemans, Ruben and Gaedke, Ursula and Klauschies, Toni and Guill, Christian}, title = {The effects of functional diversity on biomass production, variability, and resilience of ecosystem functions in a tritrophic system}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {744}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43543}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435439}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Diverse communities can adjust their trait composition to altered environmental conditions, which may strongly influence their dynamics. Previous studies of trait-based models mainly considered only one or two trophic levels, whereas most natural system are at least tritrophic. Therefore, we investigated how the addition of trait variation to each trophic level influences population and community dynamics in a tritrophic model. Examining the phase relationships between species of adjacent trophic levels informs about the strength of top-down or bottom-up control in non-steadystate situations. Phase relationships within a trophic level highlight compensatory dynamical patterns between functionally different species, which are responsible for dampening the community temporal variability. Furthermore, even without trait variation, our tritrophic model always exhibits regions with two alternative states with either weak or strong nutrient exploitation, and correspondingly low or high biomass production at the top level. However, adding trait variation increased the basin of attraction of the high-production state, and decreased the likelihood of a critical transition from the high- to the lowproduction state with no apparent early warning signals. Hence, our study shows that trait variation enhances resource use efficiency, production, stability, and resilience of entire food webs.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Jakobs2019, author = {Jakobs, Friedrich}, title = {Dubrovin-rings and their connection to Hughes-free skew fields of fractions}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435561}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 62}, year = {2019}, abstract = {One method of embedding groups into skew fields was introduced by A. I. Mal'tsev and B. H. Neumann (cf. [18, 19]). If G is an ordered group and F is a skew field, the set F((G)) of formal power series over F in G with well-ordered support forms a skew field into which the group ring F[G] can be embedded. Unfortunately it is not suficient that G is left-ordered since F((G)) is only an F-vector space in this case as there is no natural way to define a multiplication on F((G)). One way to extend the original idea onto left-ordered groups is to examine the endomorphism ring of F((G)) as explored by N. I. Dubrovin (cf. [5, 6]). It is possible to embed any crossed product ring F[G; η, σ] into the endomorphism ring of F((G)) such that each non-zero element of F[G; η, σ] defines an automorphism of F((G)) (cf. [5, 10]). Thus, the rational closure of F[G; η, σ] in the endomorphism ring of F((G)), which we will call the Dubrovin-ring of F[G; η, σ], is a potential candidate for a skew field of fractions of F[G; η, σ]. The methods of N. I. Dubrovin allowed to show that specific classes of groups can be embedded into a skew field. For example, N. I. Dubrovin contrived some special criteria, which are applicable on the universal covering group of SL(2, R). These methods have also been explored by J. Gr{\"a}ter and R. P. Sperner (cf. [10]) as well as N.H. Halimi and T. Ito (cf. [11]). Furthermore, it is of interest to know if skew fields of fractions are unique. For example, left and right Ore domains have unique skew fields of fractions (cf. [2]). This is not the general case as for example the free group with 2 generators can be embedded into non-isomorphic skew fields of fractions (cf. [12]). It seems likely that Ore domains are the most general case for which unique skew fields of fractions exist. One approach to gain uniqueness is to restrict the search to skew fields of fractions with additional properties. I. Hughes has defined skew fields of fractions of crossed product rings F[G; η, σ] with locally indicable G which fulfill a special condition. These are called Hughes-free skew fields of fractions and I. Hughes has proven that they are unique if they exist [13, 14]. This thesis will connect the ideas of N. I. Dubrovin and I. Hughes. The first chapter contains the basic terminology and concepts used in this thesis. We present methods provided by N. I. Dubrovin such as the complexity of elements in rational closures and special properties of endomorphisms of the vector space of formal power series F((G)). To combine the ideas of N.I. Dubrovin and I. Hughes we introduce Conradian left-ordered groups of maximal rank and examine their connection to locally indicable groups. Furthermore we provide notations for crossed product rings, skew fields of fractions as well as Dubrovin-rings and prove some technical statements which are used in later parts. The second chapter focuses on Hughes-free skew fields of fractions and their connection to Dubrovin-rings. For that purpose we introduce series representations to interpret elements of Hughes-free skew fields of fractions as skew formal Laurent series. This 1 Introduction allows us to prove that for Conradian left-ordered groups G of maximal rank the statement "F[G; η, σ] has a Hughes-free skew field of fractions" implies "The Dubrovin ring of F [G; η, σ] is a skew field". We will also prove the reverse and apply the results to give a new prove of Theorem 1 in [13]. Furthermore we will show how to extend injective ring homomorphisms of some crossed product rings onto their Hughes-free skew fields of fractions. At last we will be able to answer the open question whether Hughes--free skew fields are strongly Hughes-free (cf. [17, page 53]).}, language = {en} } @misc{PoradaTammRaggioetal.2019, author = {Porada, Philipp and Tamm, Alexandra and Raggio, Jose and Yafang, Cheng and Kleidon, Axel and P{\"o}schl, Ulrich and Weber, Bettina}, title = {Global NO and HONO emissions of biological soil crusts estimated by a process-based non-vascular vegetation model}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {746}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43568}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435682}, pages = {2003 -- 2031}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The reactive trace gases nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) are crucial for chemical processes in the atmosphere, including the formation of ozone and OH radicals, oxidation of pollutants, and atmospheric self-cleaning. Recently, empirical studies have shown that biological soil crusts are able to emit large amounts of NO and HONO, and they may therefore play an important role in the global budget of these trace gases. However, the upscaling of local estimates to the global scale is subject to large uncertainties, due to unknown spatial distribution of crust types and their dynamic metabolic activity. Here, we perform an alternative estimate of global NO and HONO emissions by biological soil crusts, using a process-based modelling approach to these organisms, combined with global data sets of climate and land cover. We thereby consider that NO and HONO are emitted in strongly different proportions, depending on the type of crust and their dynamic activity, and we provide a first estimate of the global distribution of four different crust types. Based on this, we estimate global total values of 1.04 Tg yr⁻¹ NO-N and 0.69 Tg yr⁻¹ HONO-N released by biological soil crusts. This corresponds to around 20\% of global emissions of these trace gases from natural ecosystems. Due to the low number of observations on NO and HONO emissions suitable to validate the model, our estimates are still relatively uncertain. However, they are consistent with the amount estimated by the empirical approach, which confirms that biological soil crusts are likely to have a strong impact on global atmospheric chemistry via emissions of NO and HONO.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Devaney2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Devaney, James Gerard}, title = {Selecting Investment Arbitrators}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {33}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43579}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435797}, pages = {27}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper focuses on one particular issue which has arisen in the course of the ongoing debate on the reform of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), namely that of the appointment of arbitrators. Taking as its starting point that there now exists tentative consensus that the present system for the appointment of arbitrators either causes or exacerbates certain problematic aspects of the current ISDS system, the paper explores one option for reform, namely the introduction of an independent panel for the selection of investment arbitrators. In doing so, it is argued that a shift in the normative basis of the rules governing appointments is required in order to accommodate the principles of party autonomy and the international rule of law. Such reform, while not completely removing the initiative that parties presently enjoy, is the most efficient way to introduce rule of law considerations such as a measure of judicial independence into the current appointments system. This, it is argued, would in turn help to address some of the problematic features of the appointment of arbitrators in ISDS.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KriegerPueschmann2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike and P{\"u}schmann, Jonas}, title = {Securing of Resources as a Valid Reason for Using Force?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {31}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43573}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435738}, pages = {24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A growing demand for natural resources embedded in current changes of the international order will put pressure on states to secure the future availability of these resources. Some political discourses suggest that states might respond by challenging the foundations of international law. Whereas the UN Charter was inter alia aimed at eliminating uses of force for economic reasons, one may observe an on-going trend of securitization of matters of resource supply resulting into the revival of self-preservation doctrines. The chapter will show that those claims lack a normative foundation in the current framework of the prohibition of the use of force. Moreover, international law has sufficient instruments to cope with disputes over access to resources by other means than the use of force. The international community, therefore, must oppose claims that may contribute to normative uncertainties and strengthen already existing instruments of pacific settlement of disputes.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Kulaga2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kulaga, Julian}, title = {A Renaissance of the Doctrine of Rebus Sic Stantibus?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {32}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43578}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435788}, pages = {21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Once the "popular plaything of Realpolitiker" the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus post the 1969 VCLT is often described as an objective rule by which, on grounds of equity and justice, a fundamental change of circumstances may be invoked as a ground for termination. Yet recent practice from States such as Ecuador, Russia, Denmark and the United Kingdom suggests that it is returning with a new livery. They point to an understanding based on vital States' interests--a view popular among scholars such as Erich Kaufmann at the beginning of the last century.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Pellet2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Pellet, Alain}, title = {Values and Power Relations - The "Disillusionment" of International Law?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {34}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43581}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435819}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper - which is based on the Thomas Franck Lecture held by the author at Humboldt University Berlin on 13 May 2019 - argues that the most likely development of international to be expected will be the coexistence of two "legal worlds". On the one hand, an inter-State law brutally regulating political relations between human groups whitewashed by nationalism; on the other hand, a transnational or "a-national" law regulating economic relations between private as well as public interests. Further, the paper argues that there are two obvious victims - of very different nature - of this foreseeable evolution: the human being on the one hand, the certainty and effectiveness of the rule of law itself on the other hand.}, language = {en} } @misc{KulkovaFischer2019, author = {Kulkova, Elena S. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Idioms in the World}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {561}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43570}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435704}, pages = {4}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @book{Kayser2019, author = {Kayser, Leonie}, title = {The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-472-2}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43140}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431404}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {88}, year = {2019}, abstract = {West of Potsdam's city center lies the Golm Campus, the largest campus of the University of Potsdam. Its different buildings tell of the numerous institutions that were established at this site over the years: From the mid-1930s, the Walther Wever Barracks were located here. From 1943, it housed the Air Intelligence Division of the German Airforce Supreme Commander. In 1951, a training institution of the Ministry of State Security moved in, which existed until 1989 under different names. In July 1991, the newly founded University of Potsdam took over the premises, which are now part of the Potsdam-Golm Science Park. The book takes you on a historic journey of the place and invites you to take a walk across today's campus. The book includes over 110 photos and a detailed map.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kałczewiak2019, author = {Kałczewiak, Mariusz}, title = {Yiddish in the Andes}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {571}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43506}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435064}, pages = {21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This article elucidates the efforts of Chilean-Jewish activists to create, manage and protect Chilean Yiddish culture. It illuminates how Yiddish cultural leaders in small diasporas, such as Chile, worked to maintain dialogue with other Jewish centers. Chilean culturists maintained that a unique Latin American Jewish culture existed and needed to be strengthened through the joint efforts of all Yiddish actors on the continent. Chilean activists envisioned a modern Jewish culture informed by both Eastern European influences and local Jewish cultural production, as well as by exchanges with non-Jewish Latin American majority cultures.}, language = {en} } @misc{KruegerKellingLinkeretal.2019, author = {Krueger, Tobias and Kelling, Alexandra and Linker, Torsten and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {Crystal structures of three cyclohexane‑based γ‑spirolactams}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {738}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43491}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434911}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The title compounds, 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₉H₁₅NO, (1a), cis-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₁₀H₁₇NO, (1b), and trans-8-methyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1-one, C₁₀H₁₇NO, (1c), were synthesized from benzoic acids 2 in only 3 steps in high yields. Crystallization from n-hexane afforded single crystals, suitable for X-ray diffraction. Thus, the configurations, conformations, and interesting crystal packing effects have been determined unequivocally. The bicyclic skeleton consists of a lactam ring, attached by a spiro junction to a cyclohexane ring. The lactam ring adopts an envelope conformation and the cyclohexane ring has a chair conformation. The main difference between compound 1b and compound 1c is the position of the carbonyl group on the 2-pyrrolidine ring with respect to the methyl group on the 8-position of the cyclohexane ring, which is cis (1b) or trans (1c). A remarkable feature of all three compounds is the existence of a mirror plane within the molecule. Given that all compounds crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups, the packing always contains interesting enantiomer-like pairs. Finally, the structures are stabilized by intermolecular N-H···O hydrogen bonds.}, language = {en} } @misc{RiedelSiemiatkowskaWatanabeetal.2019, author = {Riedel, Simona and Siemiatkowska, Beata and Watanabe, Mutsumi and M{\"u}ller, Christina S. and Sch{\"u}nemann, Volker and Hoefgen, Rainer and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {The ABCB7-Like Transporter PexA in Rhodobacter capsulatus Is Involved in the Translocation of Reactive Sulfur Species}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {740}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43497}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434975}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB7 in humans, Atm1 in yeast and ATM3 in plants, are highly conserved in their overall architecture and particularly in their glutathione binding pocket located within the transmembrane spanning domains. These transporters have attracted interest in the last two decades based on their proposed role in connecting the mitochondrial iron sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly with its cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly (CIA) counterpart. So far, the specific compound that is transported across the membrane remains unknown. In this report we characterized the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in Rhodobacter capsulatus, which shares 47\% amino acid sequence identity with its mitochondrial counterpart. The constructed interposon mutant strain in R. capsulatus displayed increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species without a simultaneous accumulation of the cellular iron levels. The inhibition of endogenous glutathione biosynthesis resulted in an increase of total glutathione levels in the mutant strain. Bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence motifs revealed a potential aminotransferase class-V pyridoxal-50-phosphate (PLP) binding site that overlaps with the Walker A motif within the nucleotide binding domains of the transporter. PLP is a well characterized cofactor of L-cysteine desulfurases like IscS and NFS1 which has a role in the formation of a protein-bound persulfide group within these proteins. We therefore suggest renaming the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in R. capsulatus to PexA for PLP binding exporter. We further suggest that this ABC-transporter in R. capsulatus is involved in the formation and export of polysulfide species to the periplasm.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Neugebauer2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Neugebauer, Konrad}, title = {Holding Domestic Judges Accountable under International Criminal Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {36}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43587}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435877}, pages = {31}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This article explores, whether domestic judges might be held accountable under international criminal law (ICL). To date, international criminal justice has almost entirely focused on prosecuting political or military leaders. The Justice Case tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1946 marks the most prominent exception. Prior to it, the judiciary - otherwise considered the epitome of justice - had mutated into a murderous machinery under Nazi rule. Judicial decisions do have far-reaching implications possibly constituting or contributing to international crimes. This holds true in a wide range of cases, for instance on practices of warfare and torture, on the use of certain weapon technologies, or on policies relating to minorities or racial segregation. I argue that domestic judges are accountable when engaging in international crimes. The article delves into technical aspects of criminal law; as well as the notions of judicial independence and immunity. While guaranteeing the rule of law, these two notions challenge the core idea of ICL: its equal application vis-{\`a}-vis all perpetrators of international crimes irrespective of official capacity. In order to differentiate due judicial conduct and its abuse in violation of ICL, I suggest a threshold a judicial act needs to exceed for entailing accountability for an international crime.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Sandholtz2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sandholtz, Wayne}, title = {Resurgent Authoritarianism and the International Rule of Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {38}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43589}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435899}, pages = {31}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Modern rule of law and post-war constitutionalism are both anchored in rights-based limitations on state authority. Rule-of-law norms and principles, at both domestic and international levels, are designed to protect the freedom and dignity of the person. Given this "thick" conception of the rule of law, authoritarian practices that remove constraints on domestic political leaders and weaken mechanisms for holding them accountable necessarily erode both domestic and international rule of law. Drawing on political science research on authoritarian politics, this study identifies three core elements of authoritarian political strategies: subordination of the judiciary, suppression of independent news media and freedom of expression, and restrictions on the ability of civil society groups to organize and participate in public life. According to available data, each of these three practices has become increasingly common in recent years. This study offers a composite measure of the core authoritarian practices and uses it to identify the countries that have shown the most marked increases in authoritarianism. The spread and deepening of these authoritarian practices in diverse regimes around the world diminishes international rule of law. The conclusion argues that resurgent authoritarianism degrades international rule of law even if this is defined as the specifically post-Cold War international legal order.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Sandholtz2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sandholtz, Wayne}, title = {Human Rights Courts and Global Constitutionalism}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {35}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43583}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435831}, pages = {30}, year = {2019}, abstract = {International courts regularly cite each other, in part as a means of building legitimacy. Such international, cross-court use of precedent (or "judicial dialogue") among the regional human rights courts and the Human Rights Committee has an additional purpose and effect: the construction of a rights-based global constitutionalism. Judicial dialogue among the human rights courts is purposeful in that the courts see themselves as embedded in, and contributing to, a global human rights legal system. Cross-citation among the human rights courts advances the construction of rights-based global constitutionalism in that it provides a basic degree of coordination among the regional courts. The jurisprudence of the U.N. Human Rights Committee (HRC), as an authoritative interpreter of core international human rights norms, plays the role of a central focal point for the decentralized coordination of jurisprudence. The network of regional courts and the HRC is building an emergent institutional structure for global rights-based constitutionalism.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nolte2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nolte, Georg}, title = {How to Identify Customary International Law? - On the Final Outcome of the Work of the International Law Commission (2018)}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {37}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43588}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435884}, pages = {22}, year = {2019}, abstract = {How to identify customary international law is an important question of international law. The International Law Commission has in 2018 adopted a set of sixteen conclusions, together with commentaries, on this topic. The paper consists of three parts: First, the reasons are discussed why the Commission came to work on the topic "Identification of customary international law". Then, some of its conclusions are highlighted. Finally, the outcome of the work of the Commission is placed in a general context, before concluding.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Jo2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Jo, Hyeran}, title = {Rise and Decline of International Rule of Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {39}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43590}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435900}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper assesses the rise and decline of international rule of law in the case of non-state armed actors. Both signs of rise and signs of decline of international rule of law show in the case of non- state armed actors. Signs of rise include the expansion of coverage of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law, as well as international legal argumentation and rhetoric made by non-state armed groups. Some non-state armed actors express that they are governed by IHL in public statements or bilateral agreements with international actors, partly acknowledging universality of international humanitarian norms, and sometimes act as such. Signs of decline in the international rule of law also show - although some of them can be seen as business-as-usual - privileging of military advantage, instrumental use of international law (as justification and local interpretations), as well as conflicting understanding of IHL between local and global norms. The multiplicity of non-state actors also portends the decline of international rule of law, with the proliferation of many non-organized groups without legitimacy-seeking motivations.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeuerOrland2019, author = {Heuer, Leonie and Orland, Andreas}, title = {Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {107}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43592}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435929}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Cooperation is — despite not being predicted by game theory — a widely documented aspect of human behaviour in Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) situations. This article presents a comparison between subjects restricted to playing pure strategies and subjects allowed to play mixed strategies in a one-shot symmetric PD laboratory experiment. Subjects interact with 10 other subjects and take their decisions all at once. Because subjects in the mixed-strategy treatment group are allowed to condition their level of cooperation more precisely on their beliefs about their counterparts' level of cooperation, we predicted the cooperation rate in the mixed-strategy treatment group to be higher than in the pure-strategy control group. The results of our experiment reject our prediction: even after controlling for beliefs about the other subjects' level of cooperation, we find that cooperation in the mixed-strategy group is lower than in the pure-strategy group. We also find, however, that subjects in the mixedstrategy group condition their cooperative behaviour more closely on their beliefs than in the pure-strategy group. In the mixed-strategy group, most subjects choose intermediate levels of cooperation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rector2019, author = {Rector, Michael V.}, title = {The acute effect of exercise on flow-mediated dilation in young people with cystic fibrosis}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43893}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438938}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {121}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease which disrupts the function of an epithelial surface anion channel, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). Impairment to this channel leads to inflammation and infection in the lung causing the majority of morbidity and mortality. However, CF is a multiorgan disease affecting many tissues, including vascular smooth muscle. Studies have revealed young people with cystic fibrosis lacking inflammation and infection still demonstrate vascular endothelial dysfunction, measured per flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In other disease cohorts, i.e. diabetic and obese, endurance exercise interventions have been shown improve or taper this impairment. However, long-term exercise interventions are risky, as well as costly in terms of time and resources. Nevertheless, emerging research has correlated the acute effects of exercise with its long-term benefits and advocates the study of acute exercise effects on FMD prior to longitudinal studies. The acute effects of exercise on FMD have previously not been examined in young people with CF, but could yield insights on the potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions. The aims of these studies were to 1) develop and test the reliability of the FMD method and its applicability to study acute exercise effects; 2) compare baseline FMD and the acute exercise effect on FMD between young people with and without CF; and 3) explore associations between the acute effects of exercise on FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. Methods: Thirty young volunteers (10 people with CF, 10 non-CF and 10 non-CF active matched controls) between the ages of 10 and 30 years old completed blood draws, pulmonary function tests, maximal exercise capacity tests and baseline FMD measurements, before returning approximately 1 week later and performing a 30-min constant load training at 75\% HRmax. FMD measurements were taken prior, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 1 hour after constant load training. ANOVAs and repeated measures ANOVAs were employed to explore differences between groups and timepoints, respectively. Linear regression was implemented and evaluated to assess correlations between FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. For all comparisons, statistical significance was set at a p-value of α < 0.05. Results: Young people with CF presented with decreased lung function and maximal exercise capacity compared to matched controls. Baseline FMD was also significantly decreased in the CF group (CF: 5.23\% v non-CF: 8.27\% v non-CF active: 9.12\%). Immediately post-training, FMD was significantly attenuated (approximately 40\%) in all groups with CF still demonstrating the most minimal FMD. Follow-up measurements of FMD revealed a slow recovery towards baseline values 30 min post-training and improvements in the CF and non-CF active groups 60 min post-training. Linear regression exposed significant correlations between maximal exercise capacity (VO2 peak), BMI and FMD immediately post-training. Conclusion: These new findings confirm that CF vascular endothelial dysfunction can be acutely modified by exercise and will aid in underlining the importance of exercise in CF populations. The potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions on vascular endothelial dysfunction in young people with CF warrants further investigation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gabriel2019, author = {Gabriel, Christina}, title = {Entwicklung neuer St{\"a}rkederivate f{\"u}r die Anwendung als wasserbasierte Filmbildner in Farben und Lacken}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43294}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432942}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVIII, 160, xxxix, x1}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In den letzten Jahrzehnten fand auch in der Beschichtungsindustrie ein Umdenken hin zu umweltfreundlicheren Farben und Lacken statt. Allerdings basieren auch neue L{\"o}sungen meist nicht auf Biopolymeren und in einem noch geringeren Anteil auf wasserbasierten Beschichtungssystemen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Dies stellt den Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkt dieser Arbeit dar, in der untersucht wurde, ob das Biopolymer St{\"a}rke das Potenzial zum wasserbasierten Filmbildner f{\"u}r Farben und Lacke besitzt. Dabei m{\"u}ssen angelehnt an etablierte synthetische Marktprodukte die folgenden Kriterien erf{\"u}llt werden: Die w{\"a}ssrige Dispersion muss mindestens einen 30\%igen Feststoffgehalt haben, bei Raumtemperatur verarbeitet werden k{\"o}nnen und Viskosit{\"a}ten zwischen 10^2-10^3 mPa·s aufweisen. Die finale Beschichtung muss einen geschlossenen Film bilden und sehr gute Haftfestigkeiten zu einer spezifischen Oberfl{\"a}che, in dieser Arbeit Glas, besitzen. Als Grundlage f{\"u}r die Modifizierung der St{\"a}rke wurde eine Kombination von molekularem Abbau und chemischer Funktionalisierung ausgew{\"a}hlt. Da nicht bekannt war, welchen Einfluss die St{\"a}rkeart, die gew{\"a}hlte Abbaureaktion als auch verschiedene Substituenten auf die Dispersionsherstellung und deren Eigenschaften sowie die Beschichtungseigenschaften aus{\"u}ben k{\"o}nnten, wurden die strukturellen Parameter getrennt voneinander untersucht. Das erste Themengebiet beinhaltete den oxidativen Abbau von Kartoffel- und Palerbsenst{\"a}rke mittels des Hypochlorit-Abbaus (OCl-) und des ManOx-Abbaus (H2O2, KMnO4). Mit beiden Abbaureaktionen konnten vergleichbare gewichtsmittlere Molmassen (Mw) von 2·10^5-10^6 g/mol (GPC-MALS) hergestellt werden. Allerdings f{\"u}hrten die gew{\"a}hlten Reaktionsbedingungen beim ManOx-Abbau zur Bildung von Gelpartikeln. Diese lagen im µm-Bereich (DLS und Kryo-REM-Messungen) und hatten zur Folge, dass die ManOx-Proben deutlich erh{\"o}hte Viskosit{\"a}ten (c: 7,5 \%; 9-260 mPa·s) im Vergleich zu den OCl--Proben (4-10 mPa·s) bei scherverd{\"u}nnendem Verhalten besaßen und die Eigenschaften von viskoelastischen Gelen (G' > G'') zeigten. Des Weiteren wiesen sie reduzierte Heißwasserl{\"o}slichkeiten (95 °C, vorrangig: 70-99 \%) auf. Der OCl--Abbau f{\"u}hrte zu hydrophileren (Carboxylgruppengehalt bis zu 6,1 \%; ManOx: bis zu 3,1 \%), nach 95 °C-Behandlung vollst{\"a}ndig wasserl{\"o}slichen abgebauten St{\"a}rken, die ein Newtonsches Fließverhalten mit Eigenschaften einer viskoelastischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeit (G'' > G') hatten. Die OCl--Proben konnten im Vergleich zu den ManOx-Produkten (10-20 \%) zu konzentrierteren Dispersionen (20-40 \%) verarbeitet werden, die gleichzeitig die Einschr{\"a}nkung von anwendungsrelevanten Mw auf < 7·10^5 g/mol zuließen (Konzentration sollte > 30 \% sein). Außerdem f{\"u}hrten nur die OCl--Proben der Kartoffelst{\"a}rke zu transparenten (alle anderen waren opak) geschlossenen Beschichtungsfilmen. Somit hebt sich die Kombination von OCl--Abbau und Kartoffelst{\"a}rke mit Hinblick auf die Endanwendung ab. Das zweite Themengebiet umfasste Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Ester- und Hydroxyalkylether-Substituenten auf Basis einer industriell abgebauten Kartoffelst{\"a}rke (Mw: 1,2·10^5 g/mol) vor allem auf die Dispersionsherstellung, die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Dispersionen und die Beschichtungseigenschaften in Kombination mit Glassubstraten. Dazu wurden Ester und Ether mit DS/MS-Werten von 0,07-0,91 synthetisiert. Die Derivate konnten zu wasserbasierten Dispersionen mit Konzentrationen von 30-45 \% verarbeitet werden, wobei bei hydrophoberen Modifikaten ein Co-L{\"o}semittel, Diethylenglycolmonobutylether (DEGBE), eingesetzt werden musste. Die Feststoffgehalte sanken dabei f{\"u}r beide Derivatklassen vor allem mit zunehmender Alkylkettenl{\"a}nge. Die anwendungsrelevanten Viskosit{\"a}ten (323-1240 mPa·s) stiegen auf Grund von Wechselwirkungen tendenziell mit DS/MS und Alkylkettenl{\"a}nge an. Hinsichtlich der Beschichtungseigenschaften erwiesen sich die Ester vergleichend zu den Ethern als die bevorzugte Substituentenklasse, da nur die Ester geschlossene, defektfreie und mehrheitlich transparente Beschichtungsfilme bildeten, die exzellente bis sehr gute Haftfestigkeiten (ISO Klasse: 0 und 1) auf Glas besaßen. Die Ether bildeten mehrheitlich br{\"u}chige Filme. Basierend auf der Kombination der Ergebnisse aus L{\"o}semittelaustausch, den rheologischen Untersuchungen und zus{\"a}tzlichen Oberfl{\"a}chenspannungsmessungen (30-61 mN/m) konnte geschlossen werden, dass wahrscheinlich fehlende oder schlechte Haftfestigkeiten vorrangig akkumuliertem Wasser in den Beschichtungsfilmen (visuell: tr{\"u}b oder weiß) geschuldet sind, w{\"a}hrend die Br{\"u}chigkeit vermutlich auf Wechselwirkungen (H-Br{\"u}cken Wechselwirkungen, hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen) zwischen den Polymeren zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden kann. Insgesamt scheint die Kombination aus Kartoffelst{\"a}rke basierend auf dem OCl--Abbau mit Mw < 7·10^5 g/mol und einem Estersubstituenten eine gute Wahl f{\"u}r wasserbasierte Dispersionen mit hohen Feststoffkonzentrationen (> 30 \%), guter Filmbildung und exzellenten Haftungen auf Glas zu sein.}, language = {de} } @misc{BoschVerissimoClahsen2019, author = {Bosch, Sina and Ver{\´i}ssimo, Joao Marques and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Inflectional morphology in bilingual language processing}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {569}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43337}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433371}, pages = {339 -- 360}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This study addresses the question of how age of acquisition (AoA) affects grammatical processing, specifically with respect to inflectional morphology, in bilinguals. We examined experimental data of more than 100 participants from the Russian/German community in Berlin, all of whom acquired Russian from birth and German at different ages. Using the cross-modal lexical priming technique, we investigated stem allomorphs of German verbs that encode multiple morphosyntactic features. The results revealed a striking AoA modulation of observed priming patterns, indicating efficient access to morphosyntactic features for early AoAs and a gradual decline with increasing AoAs. In addition, we found a discontinuity in the function relating AoA to morphosyntactic feature access, suggesting a sensitive period for the development of morphosyntax.}, language = {en} } @article{Rauh2019, author = {Rauh, Gisa}, title = {Erinnerungen an die Gr{\"u}ndung des Instituts f{\"u}r Linguistik an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43320}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433202}, pages = {415 -- 435}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @misc{Heucher2019, author = {Heucher, Angela}, title = {Evolving order?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {110}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43308}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433086}, pages = {26}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Global food security governance is fraught with fragmentation, overlap and complexity. While calls for coordination and coherence abound, establishing an inter-organizational order at this level seems to remain difficult. While the emphasis in the literature has so far been on the global level, we know less about dynamics of inter-organizational relations in food security governance at the country level, and empirical studies are lacking. It is this research gap the article seeks to address by posing the following research question: In how far does inter-organizational order develop in the organizational field of food security governance at the country level? Theoretically and conceptually, the article draws on sociological institutionalism, and on work on inter-organizational relations. Empirically, the article conducts an exploratory case study of the organizational field of food security governance in C{\^o}te d'Ivoire, building on a qualitative content analysis of organizational documents covering a period from 2003 to 2016 and semi-structured interviews with staff of international organizations from 2016. The article demonstrates that not all of the developments attributed to food security governance at the global level play out in the same way at the country level. Rather, in the case of C{\^o}te d'Ivoire there are signs for a certain degree of coherence between IOs in the field of food security governance and even for an - albeit limited - division of labour. However, this only holds for specific dimensions of the inter-organizational order and appears to be subject to continuous contestation and reinterpretation under the surface.}, language = {en} } @misc{Seyfried2019, author = {Seyfried, Markus}, title = {Undisclosed desires}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {109}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43304}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433040}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Following decades of quality management featuring in higher education settings, questions regarding its implementation, impact and outcomes remain. Indeed, leaving aside anecdotal case studies and value-laden documentaries of best practice, current research still knows very little about the implementation of quality management in teaching and learning within higher education institutions. Referring to data collected from German higher education institutions in which a quality management department or functional equivalent was present, this article theorises and provides evidence for the supposition that the implementation of quality management follows two implicit logics. Specifically, it tends either towards the logic of appropriateness or, contrastingly, towards the logic of consequentialism. This study's results also suggest that quality managers' socialisation is related to these logics and that it influences their views on quality management in teaching and learning.}, language = {en} } @article{Staudacher2019, author = {Staudacher, Peter}, title = {Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη)}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43319}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193}, pages = {395 -- 411}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Wunderlich2019, author = {Wunderlich, Dieter}, title = {{\"U}ber naturnotwendige und kulturaffine Schritte in der Sprachentstehung und -entwicklung}, series = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, journal = {Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-457-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43318}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433182}, pages = {383 -- 394}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @misc{HudsonDeRuigDeRuiteretal.2019, author = {Hudson, Paul and De Ruig, Lars T. and De Ruiter, Marco C. and Kuik, Onno J. and Botzen, W. J. Wouter and Le Den, X. and Persson, Magnus and Benoist, Anthony and Nielsen, C. N.}, title = {An assessment of best practices of extreme weather insurance and directions for a more resilient society}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {757}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43351}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433510}, pages = {22}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Extreme weather resilience has been defined as being based on three pillars: resistance (the ability to lower impacts), recovery (the ability to bounce back), and adaptive capacity (the ability to learn and improve). These resilience pillars are important both before and after the occurrence of extreme weather events. Extreme weather insurance can influence these pillars of resilience depending on how particular insurance mechanisms are structured. We explore how the lessons learnt from the current best insurance practices can improve resilience to extreme weather events. We employ an extensive inventory of private property and agricultural crop insurance mechanisms to conduct a multi-criteria analysis of insurance market outcomes. We draw conclusions regarding the patterns in the best practice from six European countries to increase resilience. We suggest that requirements to buy a bundle extreme weather event insurance with general insurance packages are strengthened and supported with structures to financing losses through public-private partnerships. Moreover, support for low income households through income vouchers could be provided. Similarly, for the agricultural sector we propose moving towards comprehensive crop yield insurance linked to general agricultural subsidies. In both cases a nationally representative body can coordinate the various stakeholders into acting in concert.}, language = {en} } @misc{Gasser2019, author = {Gasser, Lucy}, title = {Towards Eurasia}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, number = {164}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43358}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433585}, pages = {188 -- 202}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In order to heed the call in world literature studies to work against disciplinary Eurocentrism by refiguring both what constitutes world literature and how this is read, in this article I propose world literature as an archive of world-making practices and as an impulse for the articulation of alternative methodological approaches. This takes world literature from the postcolonial South as, following Pheng Cheah, instantiating a modality of world literature in which the need for imagining worlds with alternative centres to those determined by coloniality is particularly acute. A response to this is facilitated and illustrated by a reading of Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore's Letters from Russia (1930), and South African writer/activist Alex La Guma's A Soviet Journey (1978). By drawing forward connections between the postcolonial South and the former Soviet Union, this complicates traditional colonial arrangements of the colonial 'centre' as cradle of civilisation and culture, as well as postcolonial scholarship's cumulative fetishisation of 'Europe', by allowing a reshuffling of the co-ordinates determining 'centres' and 'peripheries' and a more nuanced grasp of 'Europe' simultaneously. These imaginative journeys destabilise 'Europe' as closed category and call forth Eurasia as a more appropriate categorical-cartographical framework for thinking this space and the connections and (hi)story-telling it stages and fosters.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{RomeroMujalli2019, author = {Romero Mujalli, Daniel}, title = {Ecological modeling of adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid climate change}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43062}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430627}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {167}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A contemporary challenge in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology is to anticipate the fate of populations of organisms in the context of a changing world. Climate change and landscape changes due to anthropic activities have been of major concern in the contemporary history. Organisms facing these threats are expected to respond by local adaptation (i.e., genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity) or by shifting their distributional range (migration). However, there are limits to their responses. For example, isolated populations will have more difficulties in developing adaptive innovations by means of genetic changes than interconnected metapopulations. Similarly, the topography of the environment can limit dispersal opportunities for crawling organisms as compared to those that rely on wind. Thus, populations of species with different life history strategy may differ in their ability to cope with changing environmental conditions. However, depending on the taxon, empirical studies investigating organisms' responses to environmental change may become too complex, long and expensive; plus, complications arising from dealing with endangered species. In consequence, eco-evolutionary modeling offers an opportunity to overcome these limitations and complement empirical studies, understand the action and limitations of underlying mechanisms, and project into possible future scenarios. In this work I take a modeling approach and investigate the effect and relative importance of evolutionary mechanisms (including phenotypic plasticity) on the ability for local adaptation of populations with different life strategy experiencing climate change scenarios. For this, I performed a review on the state of the art of eco-evolutionary Individual-Based Models (IBMs) and identify gaps for future research. Then, I used the results from the review to develop an eco-evolutionary individual-based modeling tool to study the role of genetic and plastic mechanisms in promoting local adaption of populations of organisms with different life strategies experiencing scenarios of climate change and environmental stochasticity. The environment was simulated through a climate variable (e.g., temperature) defining a phenotypic optimum moving at a given rate of change. The rate of change was changed to simulate different scenarios of climate change (no change, slow, medium, rapid climate change). Several scenarios of stochastic noise color resembling different climatic conditions were explored. Results show that populations of sexual species will rely mainly on standing genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity for local adaptation. Population of species with relatively slow growth rate (e.g., large mammals) - especially those of small size - are the most vulnerable, particularly if their plasticity is limited (i.e., specialist species). In addition, whenever organisms from these populations are capable of adaptive plasticity, they can buffer fitness losses in reddish climatic conditions. Likewise, whenever they can adjust their plastic response (e.g., bed-hedging strategy) they will cope with bluish environmental conditions as well. In contrast, life strategies of high fecundity can rely on non-adaptive plasticity for their local adaptation to novel environmental conditions, unless the rate of change is too rapid. A recommended management measure is to guarantee interconnection of isolated populations into metapopulations, such that the supply of useful genetic variation can be increased, and, at the same time, provide them with movement opportunities to follow their preferred niche, when local adaptation becomes problematic. This is particularly important for bluish and reddish climatic conditions, when the rate of change is slow, or for any climatic condition when the level of stress (rate of change) is relatively high.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeCahsanWestburyDrewsetal.2019, author = {De Cahsan, Binia and Westbury, Michael V. and Drews, Hauke and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {The complete mitochondrial genome of a European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) from Germany}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {532}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42322}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423222}, pages = {3}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombina, is a small aquatic toad belonging to the family Bombinatoridae. The species is native to the lowlands of Central and Eastern Europe, where population numbers have been in decline in recent past decades. Here, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered European fire-bellied toad from Northern Germany recovered using iterative mapping. Phylogenetic analyses including other representatives of the Bombinatoridae placed our German specimen as sister to a Polish B. bombina sequence with high support. This finding is congruent with the postulated Pleistocene history of the species. Our complete mitochondrial genome represents an important resource for further population analysis of the European fire-bellied toad, especially those found within Germany.}, language = {en} } @misc{RomeroMujalliJeltschTiedemann2019, author = {Romero-Mujalli, Daniel and Jeltsch, Florian and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Elevated mutation rates are unlikely to evolve in sexual species, not even under rapid environmental change}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {776}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43905}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439058}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Organisms are expected to respond to changing environmental conditions through local adaptation, range shift or local extinction. The process of local adaptation can occur by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity, and becomes especially relevant when dispersal abilities or possibilities are somehow constrained. For genetic changes to occur, mutations are the ultimate source of variation and the mutation rate in terms of a mutator locus can be subject to evolutionary change. Recent findings suggest that the evolution of the mutation rate in a sexual species can advance invasion speed and promote adaptation to novel environmental conditions. Following this idea, this work uses an individual-based model approach to investigate if the mutation rate can also evolve in a sexual species experiencing different conditions of directional climate change, under different scenarios of colored stochastic environmental noise, probability of recombination and of beneficial mutations. The color of the noise mimicked investigating the evolutionary dynamics of the mutation rate in different habitats. Results The results suggest that the mutation rate in a sexual species experiencing directional climate change scenarios can evolve and reach relatively high values mainly under conditions of complete linkage of the mutator locus and the adaptation locus. In contrast, when they are unlinked, the mutation rate can slightly increase only under scenarios where at least 50\% of arising mutations are beneficial and the rate of environmental change is relatively fast. This result is robust under different scenarios of stochastic environmental noise, which supports the observation of no systematic variation in the mutation rate among organisms experiencing different habitats. Conclusions Given that 50\% beneficial mutations may be an unrealistic assumption, and that recombination is ubiquitous in sexual species, the evolution of an elevated mutation rate in a sexual species experiencing directional climate change might be rather unlikely. Furthermore, when the percentage of beneficial mutations and the population size are small, sexual species (especially multicellular ones) producing few offspring may be expected to react to changing environments not by adaptive genetic change, but mainly through plasticity. Without the ability for a plastic response, such species may become - at least locally - extinct.}, language = {en} } @misc{HadzicEcksteinSchugardt2019, author = {Hadzic, Miralem and Eckstein, Max Lennart and Schugardt, Monique}, title = {The Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on Performance in Response to Exercise Duration in Athletes}, series = {Potsprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Potsprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {548}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42807}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428078}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {According to recent literature sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been proposed as a performance enhancing aid by reducing acidosis during exercise. The aim of the current review is to investigate if the duration of exercise is an essential factor for the effect of NaHCO3. To collect the latest studies from electronic database of PubMed, study publication time was restricted from December 2006 to December 2016. The search was updated in July 2018. The studies were divided into exercise durations of > 4 or ≤ 4 minutes for easier comparability of their effects in different exercises. Only randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Of the 775 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Study design, subjects, effects as well as outcome criteria were inconsistent throughout the studies. Seventeen of these studies reported performance enhancing effects after supplementing NaHCO3. Eleven of twenty studies with exercise duration of ≤ 4 minutes showed positive and four diverse results after supplementing NaHCO3. On the other hand six of fifteen studies with an exercise duration of >4 minutes showed performance enhancing and two studies showed diverse results. Consequently, the duration of exercise might be influential for inducing a performance enhancing effect when supplementing NaHCO3, but to which extent, remains unclear due to the inconsistencies in the study results.}, language = {en} } @misc{SalzwedelReibisHadzicetal.2019, author = {Salzwedel, Annett and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Hadzic, Miralem and Buhlert, Hermann and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Patients' expectations of returning to work, co-morbid disorders and work capacity at discharge from cardiac rehabilitation}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {574}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43726}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437263}, pages = {301 -- 308}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objective: We aimed to characterize patients after an acute cardiac event regarding their negative expectations around returning to work and the impact on work capacity upon discharge from cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: We analyzed routine data of 884 patients (52±7 years, 76\% men) who attended 3 weeks of inpatient CR after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or cardiac surgery between October 2013 and March 2015. The primary outcome was their status determining their capacity to work (fit vs unfit) at discharge from CR. Further, sociodemographic data (eg, age, sex, and education level), diagnoses, functional data (eg, exercise stress test and 6-min walking test [6MWT]), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and self-assessment of the occupational prognosis (negative expectations and/or unemployment, W{\"u}rzburger screening) at admission to CR were considered. Results: A negative occupational prognosis was detected in 384 patients (43\%). Out of these, 368 (96\%) expected not to return to work after CR and/or were unemployed before CR at 29\% (n=113). Affected patients showed a reduced exercise capacity (bicycle stress test: 100 W vs 118 W, P<0.01; 6MWT: 380 m vs 421 m, P<0.01) and were more likely to receive a depression diagnosis (12\% vs 3\%, P<0.01), as well as higher levels on the HADS. At discharge from CR, 21\% of this group (n=81) were fit for work (vs 35\% of patients with a normal occupational prognosis (n=175, P<0.01)). Sick leave before the cardiac event (OR 0.4, 95\% CI 0.2-0.6, P<0.01), negative occupational expectations (OR 0.4, 95\% CI 0.3-0.7, P<0.01) and depression (OR 0.3, 95\% CI 0.1-0.8, P=0.01) reduced the likelihood of achieving work capacity upon discharge. In contrast, higher exercise capacity was positively associated. Conclusion: Patients with a negative occupational prognosis often revealed a reduced physical performance and suffered from a high psychosocial burden. In addition, patients' occupational expectations were a predictor of work capacity at discharge from CR. Affected patients should be identified at admission to allow for targeted psychosocial care.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{AbdelwahabHusseinAbdelwahabElsayed2019, author = {Abdelwahab Hussein Abdelwahab Elsayed, Ahmed}, title = {Probabilistic, deep, and metric learning for biometric identification from eye movements}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46798}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-467980}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 65}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A central insight from psychological studies on human eye movements is that eye movement patterns are highly individually characteristic. They can, therefore, be used as a biometric feature, that is, subjects can be identified based on their eye movements. This thesis introduces new machine learning methods to identify subjects based on their eye movements while viewing arbitrary content. The thesis focuses on probabilistic modeling of the problem, which has yielded the best results in the most recent literature. The thesis studies the problem in three phases by proposing a purely probabilistic, probabilistic deep learning, and probabilistic deep metric learning approach. In the first phase, the thesis studies models that rely on psychological concepts about eye movements. Recent literature illustrates that individual-specific distributions of gaze patterns can be used to accurately identify individuals. In these studies, models were based on a simple parametric family of distributions. Such simple parametric models can be robustly estimated from sparse data, but have limited flexibility to capture the differences between individuals. Therefore, this thesis proposes a semiparametric model of gaze patterns that is flexible yet robust for individual identification. These patterns can be understood as domain knowledge derived from psychological literature. Fixations and saccades are examples of simple gaze patterns. The proposed semiparametric densities are drawn under a Gaussian process prior centered at a simple parametric distribution. Thus, the model will stay close to the parametric class of densities if little data is available, but it can also deviate from this class if enough data is available, increasing the flexibility of the model. The proposed method is evaluated on a large-scale dataset, showing significant improvements over the state-of-the-art. Later, the thesis replaces the model based on gaze patterns derived from psychological concepts with a deep neural network that can learn more informative and complex patterns from raw eye movement data. As previous work has shown that the distribution of these patterns across a sequence is informative, a novel statistical aggregation layer called the quantile layer is introduced. It explicitly fits the distribution of deep patterns learned directly from the raw eye movement data. The proposed deep learning approach is end-to-end learnable, such that the deep model learns to extract informative, short local patterns while the quantile layer learns to approximate the distributions of these patterns. Quantile layers are a generic approach that can converge to standard pooling layers or have a more detailed description of the features being pooled, depending on the problem. The proposed model is evaluated in a large-scale study using the eye movements of subjects viewing arbitrary visual input. The model improves upon the standard pooling layers and other statistical aggregation layers proposed in the literature. It also improves upon the state-of-the-art eye movement biometrics by a wide margin. Finally, for the model to identify any subject — not just the set of subjects it is trained on — a metric learning approach is developed. Metric learning learns a distance function over instances. The metric learning model maps the instances into a metric space, where sequences of the same individual are close, and sequences of different individuals are further apart. This thesis introduces a deep metric learning approach with distributional embeddings. The approach represents sequences as a set of continuous distributions in a metric space; to achieve this, a new loss function based on Wasserstein distances is introduced. The proposed method is evaluated on multiple domains besides eye movement biometrics. This approach outperforms the state of the art in deep metric learning in several domains while also outperforming the state of the art in eye movement biometrics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Guislain2019, author = {Guislain, Alexis}, title = {Eco-physiological consequences of fluctuating light on phytoplankton}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46927}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469272}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {161}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Phytoplankton growth depends not only on the mean intensity but also on the dynamics of the light supply. The nonlinear light-dependency of growth is characterized by a small number of basic parameters: the compensation light intensity PARcompμ, where production and losses are balanced, the growth efficiency at sub-saturating light αµ, and the maximum growth rate at saturating light µmax. In surface mixed layers, phytoplankton may rapidly move between high light intensities and almost darkness. Because of the different frequency distribution of light and/or acclimation processes, the light-dependency of growth may differ between constant and fluctuating light. Very few studies measured growth under fluctuating light at a sufficient number of mean light intensities to estimate the parameters of the growth-irradiance relationship. Hence, the influence of light dynamics on µmax, αµ and PARcompμ are still largely unknown. By extension, accurate modelling predictions of phytoplankton development under fluctuating light exposure remain difficult to make. This PhD thesis does not intend to directly extrapolate few experimental results to aquatic systems - but rather improving the mechanistic understanding of the variation of the light-dependency of growth under light fluctuations and effects on phytoplankton development. In Lake TaiHu and at the Three Gorges Reservoir (China), we incubated phytoplankton communities in bottles placed either at fixed depths or moved vertically through the water column to mimic vertical mixing. Phytoplankton at fixed depths received only the diurnal changes in light (defined as constant light regime), while phytoplankton received rapidly fluctuating light by superimposing the vertical light gradient on the natural sinusoidal diurnal sunlight. The vertically moved samples followed a circular movement with 20 min per revolution, replicating to some extent the full overturn of typical Langmuir cells. Growth, photosynthesis, oxygen production and respiration of communities (at Lake TaiHu) were measured. To complete these investigations, a physiological experiment was performed in the laboratory on a toxic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa (FACBH 1322) incubated under 20 min period fluctuating light. Here, we measured electron transport rates and net oxygen production at a much higher time resolution (single minute timescale). The present PhD thesis provides evidence for substantial effects of fluctuating light on the eco-physiology of phytoplankton. Both experiments performed under semi-natural conditions in Lake TaiHu and at the Three Gorges Reservoir gave similar results. The significant decline in community growth efficiencies αµ under fluctuating light was caused for a great share by different frequency distribution of light intensities that shortened the effective daylength for production. The remaining gap in community αµ was attributed to species-specific photoacclimation mechanisms and to light-dependent respiratory losses. In contrast, community maximal growth rates µmax were similar between incubations at constant and fluctuating light. At daily growth saturating light supply, differences in losses for biosynthesis between the two light regimes were observed. Phytoplankton experiencing constant light suffered photo-inhibition - leading to photosynthesis foregone and additional respiratory costs for photosystems repair. On the contrary, intermittent exposure to low and high light intensities prevented photo-inhibition of mixed algae but forced them to develop alternative light strategy. They better harvested and exploited surface irradiance by enhancing their photosynthesis. In the laboratory, we showed that Microcystis aeruginosa increased its oxygen consumption by dark respiration in the light few minutes only after exposure to increasing light intensities. More, we proved that within a simulated Langmuir cell, the net production at saturating light and the compensation light intensity for production at limiting light are positively related. These results are best explained by an accumulation of photosynthetic products at increasing irradiance and mobilization of these fresh resources by rapid enhancement of dark respiration for maintenance and biosynthesis at decreasing irradiance. At the daily timescale, we showed that the enhancement of photosynthesis at high irradiance for biosynthesis of species increased their maintenance respiratory costs at limiting light. Species-specific growth at saturating light µmax and compensation light intensity for growth PARcompμ of species incubated in Lake TaiHu were positively related. Because of this species-specific physiological tradeoff, species displayed different light affinities to limiting and saturating light - thereby exhibiting a gleaner-opportunist tradeoff. In Lake TaiHu, we showed that inter-specific differences in light acquisition traits (µmax and PARcompμ) allowed coexis¬tence of species on a gradient of constant light while avoiding competitive exclusion. More interestingly we demonstrated for the first time that vertical mixing (inducing fluctuating light supply for phytoplankton) may alter or even reverse the light utilization strategies of species within couple of days. The intra-specific variation in traits under fluctuating light increased the niche space for acclimated species, precluding competitive exclusion. Overall, this PhD thesis contributes to a better understanding of phytoplankton eco-physiology under fluctuating light supply. This work could enhance the quality of predictions of phytoplankton development under certain weather conditions or climate change scenarios.}, language = {en} }