@phdthesis{Peitz2024, author = {Peitz, Diana}, title = {Mindful Eating}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63451}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634515}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 178}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Maladaptive eating behaviors such as emotional eating, external eating, and loss-of-control eating are widespread in the general population. Moreover, they are associated to adverse health outcomes and well-known for their role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders and obesity (i.e., eating and weight disorders). Eating and weight disorders are associated with crucial burden for individuals as well as high costs for society in general. At the same time, corresponding treatments yield poor outcomes. Thus, innovative concepts are needed to improve prevention and treatment of these conditions. The Buddhist concept of mindfulness (i.e., paying attention to the present moment without judgement) and its delivery via mindfulness-based intervention programs (MBPs) has gained wide popularity in the area of maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders over the last two decades. Though previous findings on their effects seem promising, the current assessment of mindfulness and its mere application via multi-component MBPs hampers to draw conclusions on the extent to which mindfulness-immanent qualities actually account for the effects (e.g., the modification of maladaptive eating behaviors). However, this knowledge is pivotal for interpreting previous effects correctly and for avoiding to cause harm in particularly vulnerable groups such as those with eating and weight disorders. To address these shortcomings, recent research has focused on the context-specific approach of mindful eating (ME) to investigate underlying mechanisms of action. ME can be considered a subdomain of generic mindfulness describing it specifically in relation to the process of eating and associated feelings, thoughts, and motives, thus including a variety of different attitudes and behaviors. However, there is no universal operationalization and the current assessment of ME suffers from different limitations. Specifically, current measurement instruments are not suited for a comprehensive assessment of the multiple facets of the construct that are currently discussed as important in the literature. This in turn hampers comparisons of different ME facets which would allow to evaluate their particular effect on maladaptive eating behaviors. This knowledge is needed to tailor prevention and treatment of associated eating and weight disorders properly and to explore potential underlying mechanisms of action which have so far been proposed mainly on theoretical grounds. The dissertation at hand aims to provide evidence-based fundamental research that contributes to our understanding of how mindfulness, more specifically its context-specific form of ME, impacts maladaptive eating behaviors and, consequently, how it could be used appropriately to enrich the current prevention and treatment approaches for eating and weight disorders in the future. Specifically, in this thesis, three scientific manuscripts applying several qualitative and quantitative techniques in four sequential studies are presented. These manuscripts were published in or submitted to three scientific peer-reviewed journals to shed light on the following questions: I. How can ME be measured comprehensively and in a reliable and valid way to advance the understanding of how mindfulness works in the context of eating? II. Does the context-specific construct of ME have an advantage over the generic concept in advancing the understanding of how mindfulness is related to maladaptive eating behaviors? III. Which ME facets are particularly useful in explaining maladaptive eating behaviors? IV. Does training a particular ME facet result in changes in maladaptive eating behaviors? To answer the first research question (Paper 1), a multi-method approach using three subsequent studies was applied to develop and validate a comprehensive self-report instrument to assess the multidimensional construct of ME - the Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI). Study 1 aimed to create an initial version of the MEI by following a three-step approach: First, a comprehensive item pool was compiled by including selected and adapted items of the existing ME questionnaires and supplementing them with items derived from an extensive literature review. Second, the preliminary item pool was complemented and checked for content validity by experts in the field of eating behavior and/or mindfulness (N = 15). Third, the item pool was further refined through qualitative methods: Three focus groups comprising laypersons (N = 16) were used as a check for applicability. Subsequently, think-aloud protocols (N = 10) served as a last check of comprehensibility and elimination of ambiguities. The resulting initial MEI version was tested in Study 2 in an online convenience sample (N = 828) to explore its factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results were used to shorten the questionnaire in accordance with qualitative and quantitative criteria yielding the final MEI version which encompasses 30 items. These items were assigned to seven ME facets: (1) 'Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one's own eating experience' (ANA), (2) 'Awareness of Senses while Eating' (ASE), (3) 'Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness' (ERF), (4) 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives' (ATM), (5) 'Interconnectedness' (CON), (6) 'Non-Reactive Stance' (NRS) and (7) Focused Attention on Eating' (FAE). Study 3 sought to confirm the found facets and the corresponding factor structure in an independent online convenience sample (N = 612) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study served as further indication of the assumed multidimensionality of ME (the correlational seven-factor model was shown to be superior to a single-factor model). Psychometric properties of the MEI, regarding factorial validity, internal consistency, retest-reliability, and observed criterion validity using a wide range of eating-specific and general health-related outcomes, showed the inventory to be suitable for a comprehensive, reliable and valid assessment of ME. These findings were complemented by demonstrating measurement invariance of the MEI regarding gender. In accordance with the factor structure of the MEI, Paper 1 offers an empirically-derived definition of ME, succeeding in overcoming ambiguities and problems of previous attempts at defining the construct. To answer the second and third research questions (Paper 2) a subsample of Study 2 from the MEI validation studies (N = 292) was analyzed. Incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness was shown using hierarchical regression models concerning the outcome variables of maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating and uncontrolled eating) and nutrition behaviors (consumption of energy-dense food). Multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate the impact of the seven different ME facets (identified in Paper 1) on the same outcome variables. The following ME facets significantly contributed to explaining variance in maladaptive eating and nutrition behaviors: Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one`s own eating experience (ANA), Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness (ERF), the Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM), and a Non-Reactive Stance (NRS, i.e., an observing, non-impulsive attitude towards eating triggers). Results suggest that these ME facets are promising variables to consider when a) investigating potential underlying mechanisms of mindfulness and MBPs in the context of eating and b) addressing maladaptive eating behaviors in general as well as in the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders. To answer the fourth research question (Paper 3), a training on an isolated exercise ('9 Hunger') based on the previously identified ME facet ATM was designed to explore its particular association with changes in maladaptive eating behaviors and thus to preliminary explore one possible mechanism of action. The online study was realized using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Latent Change Scores (LCS) across three measurement points (before the training, directly after the training and three months later) were compared between the intervention group (n = 211) and a waitlist control group (n = 188). Short- and longer-term effects of the training could be shown on maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, loss-of-control eating) and associated outcomes (intuitive eating, ME, self-compassion, well-being). Findings serve as preliminary empirical evidence that MBPs might influence maladaptive eating behaviors through an enhanced non-judgmental awareness of and distinguishment between eating motives and triggers (i.e., ATM). This mechanism of action had previously only been hypothesized from a theoretical perspective. Since maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with eating and weight disorders, the findings can enhance our understanding of the general effects of MBPs on these conditions. The integration of the different findings leads to several suggestions of how ME might enrich different kinds of future interventions on maladaptive eating behaviors to improve health in general or the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders in particular. Strengths of the thesis (e.g., deliberate specific methodology, variety of designs and methods, high number of participants) are emphasized. The main limitations particularly regarding sample characteristics (e.g., higher level of formal education, fewer males, self-selected) are discussed to arrive at an outline for future studies (e.g., including multi-modal-multi-method approaches, clinical eating disorder samples and youth samples) to improve upcoming research on ME and underlying mechanisms of action of MBPs for maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders. This thesis enriches current research on mindfulness in the context of eating by providing fundamental research on the core of the ME construct. Thereby it delivers a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively assess ME in future studies as well as an operational definition of the construct. Findings on ME facet level might inform upcoming research and practice on how to address maladaptive eating behaviors appropriately in interventions. The ME skill 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM)' as one particular mechanism of action should be further investigated in representative community and specific clinical samples to examine the validity of the results in these groups and to justify an application of the concept to the general population as well as to subgroups with eating and weight disorders in particular. In conclusion, findings of the current thesis can be used to set future research on mindfulness, more specifically ME, and its underlying mechanism in the context of eating on a more evidence-based footing. This knowledge can inform upcoming prevention and treatment to tailor MBPs on maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders appropriately.}, language = {en} } @article{PanzerGronau2024, author = {Panzer, Marcel and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Enhancing economic efficiency in modular production systems through deep reinforcement learning}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {121}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2023.09.229}, pages = {55 -- 60}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In times of increasingly complex production processes and volatile customer demands, the production adaptability is crucial for a company's profitability and competitiveness. The ability to cope with rapidly changing customer requirements and unexpected internal and external events guarantees robust and efficient production processes, requiring a dedicated control concept at the shop floor level. Yet in today's practice, conventional control approaches remain in use, which may not keep up with the dynamic behaviour due to their scenario-specific and rigid properties. To address this challenge, deep learning methods were increasingly deployed due to their optimization and scalability properties. However, these approaches were often tested in specific operational applications and focused on technical performance indicators such as order tardiness or total throughput. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based production control to optimize combined techno-financial performance measures. Based on pre-defined manufacturing modules that are supplied and operated by multiple agents, positive effects were observed in terms of increased revenue and reduced penalties due to lower throughput times and fewer delayed products. The combined modular and multi-staged approach as well as the distributed decision-making further leverage scalability and transferability to other scenarios.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Panzer2024, author = {Panzer, Marcel}, title = {Design of a hyper-heuristics based control framework for modular production systems}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63300}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-633006}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 334}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Volatile supply and sales markets, coupled with increasing product individualization and complex production processes, present significant challenges for manufacturing companies. These must navigate and adapt to ever-shifting external and internal factors while ensuring robustness against process variabilities and unforeseen events. This has a pronounced impact on production control, which serves as the operational intersection between production planning and the shop- floor resources, and necessitates the capability to manage intricate process interdependencies effectively. Considering the increasing dynamics and product diversification, alongside the need to maintain constant production performances, the implementation of innovative control strategies becomes crucial. In recent years, the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies and machine learning methods has gained prominence in addressing emerging challenges in production applications. Within this context, this cumulative thesis analyzes deep learning based production systems based on five publications. Particular attention is paid to the applications of deep reinforcement learning, aiming to explore its potential in dynamic control contexts. Analysis reveal that deep reinforcement learning excels in various applications, especially in dynamic production control tasks. Its efficacy can be attributed to its interactive learning and real-time operational model. However, despite its evident utility, there are notable structural, organizational, and algorithmic gaps in the prevailing research. A predominant portion of deep reinforcement learning based approaches is limited to specific job shop scenarios and often overlooks the potential synergies in combined resources. Furthermore, it highlights the rare implementation of multi-agent systems and semi-heterarchical systems in practical settings. A notable gap remains in the integration of deep reinforcement learning into a hyper-heuristic. To bridge these research gaps, this thesis introduces a deep reinforcement learning based hyper- heuristic for the control of modular production systems, developed in accordance with the design science research methodology. Implemented within a semi-heterarchical multi-agent framework, this approach achieves a threefold reduction in control and optimisation complexity while ensuring high scalability, adaptability, and robustness of the system. In comparative benchmarks, this control methodology outperforms rule-based heuristics, reducing throughput times and tardiness, and effectively incorporates customer and order-centric metrics. The control artifact facilitates a rapid scenario generation, motivating for further research efforts and bridging the gap to real-world applications. The overarching goal is to foster a synergy between theoretical insights and practical solutions, thereby enriching scientific discourse and addressing current industrial challenges.}, language = {en} } @article{Olhoeft2024, author = {Olhoeft, Netanel}, title = {„Und Nahrung labt das Herz der Menschen" (Ps 104,15)}, series = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, journal = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, publisher = {Ergon Verlag}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-98740-007-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783987400087}, pages = {153 -- 156}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Offizier2024, author = {Offizier, Frederike}, title = {The biosecurity individual}, series = {American Culture Studies}, volume = {43}, journal = {American Culture Studies}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-7145-2}, issn = {2747-4380}, doi = {10.14361/9783839471456}, pages = {294}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Discoveries in biomedicine and biotechnology, especially in diagnostics, have made prevention and (self)surveillance increasingly important in the context of health practices. Frederike Offizier offers a cultural critique of the intersection between health, security and identity, and explores how the focus on risk and security changes our understanding of health and transforms our relationship to our bodies. Analyzing a wide variety of texts, from life writing to fiction, she offers a critical intervention on how this shift in the medical gaze produces new paradigms of difference and new biomedically facilitated identities: biosecurity individuals.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Nastasa2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nastasa, Ruxandra}, title = {Germany and the EU's pursuit of gender equality in peace and security}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {16}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62850}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628501}, pages = {15}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPSA) is an international framework addressing the disproportionate impact of armed conflict on women and girls and promoting their meaningful participation in peacebuilding efforts. The Security Council called on Member States to develop National Action Plans (NAPs) to operationalize the four pillars of the Agenda. This study looks at the relevant steps undertaken by both Germany and the European Union. The author calls for improvements on either level and makes four recommendations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2024, author = {M{\"u}ller, Daniel}, title = {Identification and monitoring of structures, controls, and evolution dynamics of hydrothermal systems and associated alteration through high-resolution remote sensing and in situ analysis}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62668}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626683}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {205}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Volcanic hydrothermal systems are an integral part of most volcanoes and typically involve a heat source, adequate fluid supply, and fracture or pore systems through which the fluids can circulate within the volcanic edifice. Associated with this are subtle but powerful processes that can significantly influence the evolution of volcanic activity or the stability of the near-surface volcanic system through mechanical weakening, permeability reduction, and sealing of the affected volcanic rock. These processes are well constrained for rock samples by laboratory analyses but are still difficult to extrapolate and evaluate at the scale of an entire volcano. Advances in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), sensor technology, and photogrammetric processing routines now allow us to image volcanic surfaces at the centimeter scale and thus study volcanic hydrothermal systems in great detail. This thesis aims to explore the potential of UAS approaches for studying the structures, processes, and dynamics of volcanic hydrothermal systems but also to develop methodological approaches to uncover secondary information hidden in the data, capable of indicating spatiotemporal dynamics or potentially critical developments associated with hydrothermal alteration. To accomplish this, the thesis describes the investigation of two near-surface volcanic hydrothermal systems, the El Tatio geyser field in Chile and the fumarole field of La Fossa di Vulcano (Italy), both of which are among the best-studied sites of their kind. Through image analysis, statistical, and spatial analyses we have been able to provide the most detailed structural images of both study sites to date, with new insights into the driving forces of such systems but also revealing new potential controls, which are summarized in conceptual site-specific models. Furthermore, the thesis explores methodological remote sensing approaches to detect, classify and constrain hydrothermal alteration and surface degassing from UAS-derived data, evaluated them by mineralogical and chemical ground-truthing, and compares the alteration pattern with the present-day degassing activity. A significant contribution of the often neglected diffuse degassing activity to the total amount of degassing is revealed and constrains secondary processes and dynamics associated with hydrothermal alteration that lead to potentially critical developments like surface sealing. The results and methods used provide new approaches for alteration research, for the monitoring of degassing and alteration effects, and for thermal monitoring of fumarole fields, with the potential to be incorporated into volcano monitoring routines.}, language = {en} } @misc{Muster2024, author = {Muster, Judith}, title = {Ein Leitbild entwickeln - ohne Scheu vor Heuchelei}, series = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, volume = {37}, journal = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Haufe-Lexware GmbH \& Co. KG}, address = {Freiburg}, issn = {2941-3028}, pages = {33 -- 33}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @misc{Muster2024, author = {Muster, Judith}, title = {Wenn Regeln die Interaktion blockieren}, series = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, volume = {37}, journal = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Haufe-Lexware GmbH \& Co. KG}, address = {Freiburg}, issn = {2941-3028}, pages = {39 -- 39}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @misc{Muster2024, author = {Muster, Judith}, title = {Unterwachung lernen}, series = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, volume = {37}, journal = {Neues Lernen : Personal.magazin : Inspiration f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Mensch und Organisation}, number = {3}, publisher = {Haufe-Lexware GmbH \& Co. KG}, address = {Freiburg}, issn = {2941-3028}, pages = {35 -- 35}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @misc{Munk2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Munk, Sarah Chaya}, title = {The Messianic Jewish Movement and its relation to Torah}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63644}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636441}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {110}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit zur Messianisch J{\"u}dischen Bewegung und ihrer Beziehung zur Torah erforscht exemplarisch anhand von 10 Interviews mit ausgew{\"a}hlten Jeshua-gl{\"a}ubigen Juden in Leitungsfunktionen die verschiedenen Aspekte der Beziehung zur Torah. Dabei entsteht durch die Auswahl der Interviewpartner eine f{\"u}r die Bewegung als ganze typische Bandbreite von verschiedenen Positionen, die sich zwar in vielen Punkten {\"u}berlappen, doch vielfach grundverschieden sind und zum Teil einander widersprechen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die theologisch begr{\"u}ndeten, divergenten und sich widersprechenden Positionen gelegt, mit dem Versuch, diese verst{\"a}ndlich zu machen. Nach einer kurzen Einf{\"u}hrung zur Messianisch J{\"u}dischen Bewegung werden Aspekte der Messianisch-J{\"u}dischen Doppelidentit{\"a}t beleuchtet und ihre Relevanz f{\"u}r die Beziehung zur Torah aufgezeigt. Diesem folgt ein {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Foren, in denen Jeshua-gl{\"a}ubige Juden {\"u}ber ihre Beziehung zur Torah diskutieren. Die umfangreiche Bibliographie am Ende der Arbeit erlaubt Einblick in einen lebhaften, noch l{\"a}ngst nicht abgeschlossenen Diskussionsprozess innerhalb der Bewegung. Eine knapp kommentierte Begriffsdifferenzierung dient als {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Bedeutungen von Torah, die in der Messianisch J{\"u}dischen Bewegung Verwendung finden. Nach diesen Vorarbeiten wird die Feldstudie pr{\"a}sentiert. Eine Beschreibung des Forschungsfeldes und methodologische Reflexionen sind den Interviews vorangestellt. In den Interviews werden zun{\"a}chst die Assoziationen mit dem Begriff Torah erfasst und die begriffliche F{\"u}llung und Verwendung gekl{\"a}rt. Hier schon zeigen sich einige gravierende Unterschiede. Die theologischen Positionen und Verst{\"a}ndnisse von Torah werden mit dem biographischen Kontext und Hauptwirkungsfeld und mit Nennung der wichtigsten formenden Einfl{\"u}sse dargestellt. Festgehalten werden zun{\"a}chst die Punkte, in denen bei allen {\"U}bereinstimmung herrscht, denn sie dienen als gemeinsame Basis. Alle studieren die schriftliche Torah und erachten diese wie auch den {\"u}brigen Tanach und die Schriften des Neuen Testaments in der vorliegenden Form als g{\"o}ttlich inspiriert und autoritativ verbindlich. Alle haben f{\"u}r sich einen positiven Zugang zur Torah, entsprechend ihrer eigenen Begriffsdefinition, gefunden. F{\"u}r alle weist die schriftliche Torah und der Tanach auf Jeshua hin. Alle sind sich einig, dass Jeshua die Torah nicht außer Kraft gesetzt, sondern erf{\"u}llt hat. Und alle f{\"u}hlen als Jude in irgendeiner Weise eine Verantwortung gegen{\"u}ber der Torah. In Bezug auf das Halten von Geboten sagen alle, dass sich keiner dadurch den Weg in den Himmel erwerben kann. G-ttes Treue gegen{\"u}ber Seinen Verheißungen f{\"u}r Israel wird von allen bekr{\"a}ftigt, doch ob der neue Bund in Jeshua den alten Bund vom Berg Sinai abgel{\"o}st hat, oder ob er einfach zum bereits bestehenden Bund von Sinai hinzukommt, ob rituelle Gebote nach Jeshua's Tod und Auferstehung und der Zerst{\"o}rung des Tempels weiter gehalten werden sollen, ob die Gebote zur Absonderung von den Nationen weiter gehalten werden sollen, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen rabbinischer Halacha gefolgt werden soll und was die Einzelnen in ihren Familien und Gemeinden tun und lehren, dies wird Interview um Interview er{\"o}rtert. Es zeigt sich, wie verschiedene Leseweisen und Gewichtungen von Schl{\"u}sselschriftstellen die verschiedenen Positionen hervorbringen. So wie die Verschiedenartigkeit der Positionen in Beziehung zur Torah bereits ahnen l{\"a}sst, sind die Interview-Partner zur Frage nach einer Messianisch J{\"u}dischen Halacha geteilter Meinung. Doch auch hier wird der Begriff Halacha von den Repr{\"a}sentanten verschieden gef{\"u}llt. Zum Schluss der Feldstudie werden die Versuche, Messianisch J{\"u}dische Halacha zu produzieren und die Probleme und Kritikpunkte, die von anderen Interviewpartnern dagegen ge{\"a}ußert wurden erl{\"a}utert. Den Abschluss der Arbeit bilden ein theologischer Rahmen, der all die verschiedenen Positionen und Beziehungen zur Torah fassen kann und einige Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r eine m{\"o}gliche Messianisch J{\"u}dische hermeneutische Theologie der Torah.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mostafa2024, author = {Mostafa, Amr}, title = {DNA origami nanoforks: A platform for cytochrome c single molecule surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63548}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-635482}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 90, x}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of the application of DNA origami nanofork antennas (DONAs) in the field of spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the structural analysis of Cytochrome C (CytC) at the single-molecule level. The research encapsulates the design, optimization, and application of DONAs in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of Raman spectroscopy, thereby offering new insights into protein structures and interactions. The initial phase of the study involved the meticulous optimization of DNA origami structures. This process was pivotal in developing nanoscale tools that could significantly enhance the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy. The optimized DNA origami nanoforks, in both dimer and aggregate forms, demonstrated an enhanced ability to detect and analyze molecular vibrations, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of protein dynamics. A key aspect of this research was the comparative analysis between the dimer and aggregate forms of DONAs. This comparison revealed that while both configurations effectively identified oxidation and spin states of CytC, the aggregate form offered a broader range of detectable molecular states due to its prolonged signal emission and increased number of molecules. This extended duration of signal emission in the aggregates was attributed to the collective hotspot area, enhancing overall signal stability and sensitivity. Furthermore, the study delved into the analysis of the Amide III band using the DONA system. Observations included a transient shift in the Amide III band's frequency, suggesting dynamic alterations in the secondary structure of CytC. These shifts, indicative of transitions between different protein structures, were crucial in understanding the protein's functional mechanisms and interactions. The research presented in this thesis not only contributes significantly to the field of spectroscopy but also illustrates the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in biosensing. The use of DNA origami-based systems in spectroscopy has opened new avenues for research, offering a detailed and comprehensive understanding of protein structures and interactions. The insights gained from this research are expected to have lasting implications in scientific fields ranging from drug development to the study of complex biochemical pathways. This thesis thus stands as a testament to the power of integrating nanotechnology, biochemistry, and spectroscopic techniques in addressing complex scientific questions.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Moser2024, author = {Moser, Natalie}, title = {Historisch von der nahen Zukunft erz{\"a}hlen}, series = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, booktitle = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, publisher = {Rombach Wissenschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-96821-870-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783968218717}, pages = {85 -- 106}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @misc{MiechielsenSchmidt2024, author = {Miechielsen, Milena and Schmidt, Katja}, title = {Leitfaden f{\"u}r die Erstellung von kommunalen Aktionspl{\"a}nen zur Steigerung der urbanen Klimaresilienz}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63057}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630578}, pages = {85}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die durch Klimaver{\"a}nderungen hervorgerufenen Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Umwelt werden immer offensichtlicher: Neben der gesundheitlichen Gef{\"a}hrdung durch Hitzewellen, die deutschlandweit seit einigen Jahren eine steigende Rate an Todes- und Krankheitsf{\"a}llen zur Folge hat sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Starkniederschl{\"a}ge und daraus resultierenden {\"U}berschwemmungen bzw. Sturzfluten aufgetreten. Diese ziehen zum Teil immensen wirtschaftlichen Sch{\"a}den, aber auch Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen f{\"u}r die menschliche Gesundheit - sowohl physisch als auch psychisch - sowie gar Todesopfer nach sich. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Extremwetterereignisse zuk{\"u}nftiger noch h{\"a}ufiger auftreten werden. Um die Bev{\"o}lkerung besser vor den Folgen dieser Wetterextreme zu sch{\"u}tzen, sind neben Klimaschutzmaßnahmen auch Vorsorge- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen zur Steigerung der kommunalen Klimaresilienz dringend notwendig. Dazu bedarf es einerseits einer Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen kommunalen Risiken und daraus resultierenden Handlungsbedarfen, und andererseits eines interdisziplin{\"a}ren, querschnittsorientierten und prozessorientierten Planens und Handelns. Aktionspl{\"a}ne sollen diese beiden Aspekte b{\"u}ndeln. In den letzten Jahren sind einige kommunale und kommunen{\"u}bergreifende (Hitze-) aufgestellt worden. Diese unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrem Inhalt und Umfang zum Teil erheblich. Mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden soll eine effektive Hilfestellung geschaffen werden, um Kommunen bzw. die kommunale Verwaltung auf dem Weg zum eigenen Aktionsplan zu unterst{\"u}tzt. Dabei fokussiert der Leitfaden auf die Herausforderungen, die sich durch vermehrte Hitze- und Starkregenereignisse ergeben. Er st{\"u}tzt sich auf schon vorhandene Arbeitshilfen, Handlungsempfehlungen, Leitf{\"a}den und weitere Hinweise und verweist an vielen Stellen auch darauf. So soll ein praxistauglicher Leitfaden entstehen, der flexibel anwendbar ist. Mit Hilfe des vorliegenden Leitfadens k{\"o}nnen Kommunen ihre Aktivit{\"a}ten auf Hitze oder Starkregen fokussieren oder einen umfassenden Aktionsplan f{\"u}r beide Themenbereiche erstellen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Melliger2024, author = {Melliger, Marc Andr{\´e}}, title = {Effects of exposing renewables to the market}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 139}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Electricity production contributes to a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe and is thus an important driver of climate change. To fulfil the Paris Agreement, the European Union (EU) needs a rapid transition to a fully decarbonised power production system. Presumably, such a system will be largely based on renewables. So far, many EU countries have supported a shift towards renewables such as solar and wind power using support schemes, but the economic and political context is changing. Renewables are now cheaper than ever before and have become cost-competitive with conventional technologies. Therefore, European policymakers are striving to better integrate renewables into a competitive market and to increase the cost-effectiveness of the expansion of renewables. The first step was to replace previous fixed-price schemes with competitive auctions. In a second step, these auctions have become more technology-open. Finally, some governments may phase out any support for renewables and fully expose them to the competitive power market. However, such policy changes may be at odds with the need to rapidly expand renewables and meet national targets due to market characteristics and investors' risk perception. Without support, price risks are higher, and it may be difficult to meet an investor's income expectations. Furthermore, policy changes across different countries could have unexpected effects if power markets are interconnected and investors able to shift their investments. Finally, in multi-technology auctions, technologies may dominate, which can be a risk for long-term power system reliability. Therefore, in my thesis, I explore the effects of phasing out support policies for renewables, of coordinating these phase-outs across countries, and of using multi-technology designs. I expand the public policy literature about investment behaviour and policy design as well as policy change and coordination, and I further develop an agent-based model. The main questions of my thesis are what the cost and deployment effects of gradually exposing renewables to market forces would be and how coordination between countries affects investors' decisions and market prices.. In my three contributions to the academic literature, I use different methods and come to the following results. In the first contribution, I use a conjoint analysis and market simulation to evaluate the effects of phasing out support or reintroducing feed-in tariffs from the perspective of investors. I find that a phase-out leads to investment shifts, either to other still-supported technologies or to other countries that continue to offer support. I conclude that the coordination of policy changes avoids such shifts.. In the second contribution, I integrate the empirically-derived preferences from the first contribution in to an agent-based power system model of two countries to simulate the effects of ending auctions for renewables. I find that this slows the energy transition, and that cross-border effects are relevant. Consequently, continued support is necessary to meet the national renewables targets. In the third contribution, I analyse the outcome of past multi-technology auctions using descriptive statistics, regression analysis as well as case study comparisons. I find that the outcomes are skewed towards single technologies. This cannot be explained by individual design elements of the auctions, but rather results from context-specific and country-specific characteristics. Based on this, I discuss potential implications for long-term power system reliability. The main conclusions of my thesis are that a complete phase-out of renewables support would slow down the energy transition and thus jeopardize climate targets, and that multi-technology auctions may pose a risk for some countries, especially those that cannot regulate an unbalanced power plant portfolio in the long term. If policymakers decide to continue supporting renewables, they may consider adopting technology-specific auctions to better steer their portfolio. In contrast, if policymakers still want to phase out support, they should coordinate these policy changes with other countries. Otherwise, overall transition costs can be higher, because investment decisions shift to still-supported but more expensive technologies.}, language = {en} } @article{MeischnerAlMousawiHellerHartensteinetal.2024, author = {Meischner-Al-Mousawi, Maja and Heller, Luise and Hartenstein, Sven and Frost, Jonas and Philipp, Aaron and Hinz, Sylvette}, title = {Suizide in deutschen Gef{\"a}ngnissen w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie}, series = {Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie}, volume = {18}, journal = {Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Steinkopff}, address = {Darmstadt}, issn = {1862-7072}, doi = {10.1007/s11757-024-00827-6}, pages = {106 -- 116}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Risiko, durch einen Suizid im Gef{\"a}ngnis zu versterben, ist erh{\"o}ht. W{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zum Infektionsschutz zahlreiche Maßnahmen, die beispielsweise eine deutliche Minderung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote zur Folge hatten, eingef{\"u}hrt. Im Rahmen eines Kohortenvergleichs der Suizide und ausgew{\"a}hlter Merkmale der Suizident:innen in den Zeitr{\"a}umen vom April 2017 bis zum Dezember 2019 sowie vom April 2020 bis zum Dezember 2022 wird untersucht, ob es eine Ver{\"a}nderung der Suizide w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie gab. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Suizide w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie, insbesondere in den ersten 14 Tagen der Haft, und eine Zunahme der Suizide von Suizident:innen mit erh{\"o}hter Vulnerabilit{\"a}t. Keine Unterschiede wurden in den allgemeinen Risikomerkmalen f{\"u}r Suizide im Gef{\"a}ngnis festgestellt. Es ergeben sich Hinweise auf eine suizidpr{\"a}ventive Wirkung der Kontakt- und Behandlungsangebote. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, intensivere Pr{\"a}ventionsangebote f{\"u}r Gefangene mit erh{\"o}hter Vulnerabilit{\"a}t bzw. geringerer Resilienz anzubieten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Marx2024, author = {Marx, Carolin Valerie}, title = {Escalation of commitment in information systems projects: a cognitive-affective perspective}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62696}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626969}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {174}, year = {2024}, abstract = {While information systems (IS) projects are pivotal in guiding organizational strategies and sustaining competitive advantages, they frequently overrun budgets, extend beyond timelines, and experience high failure rates. This dissertation delves into the psychological micro-foundations of human behavior - specifically cognition and emotion - in relation to a prevalent issue in IS project management: the tendency to persist with failing courses of action, also called escalation of commitment (EoC). Through a mixed-methods research approach, this study investigates the emotional and cognitive bases of decision-making during IS project escalation and its evolution over time. The results of a psychophysiological laboratory experiment provide evidence for the predictions on the role of negative and complex situational integral emotions of Cognitive Dissonance over Coping Theory and add to a better understanding of how escalation tendencies change during sequential decision-making due to cognitive learning effects. Using psychophysiological measures, including data triangulation between electrodermal and cardiovascular activity and AI-based analysis of facial micro-expressions, this research reveals physiological markers of behavioral escalation tendencies. Complementing the experiment, a qualitative analysis using free-form narration during decision-making simulations shows that decision-makers employ varied cognitive reasoning patterns to justify escalating behaviors, suggesting a sequence of four distinct cognitive phases. By integrating both qualitative and quantitative findings, this dissertation offers a comprehensive theoretical framework of how cognition and emotion shape behavioral EoC over time. I propose that escalation is a cyclical adaptation of mental models, distinguished by shifts in cognitive reasoning patterns, temporal cognition mode variations, and interactions with situational emotions and their anticipation. The primary contribution of this dissertation lies in disentangling the emotional and cognitive mechanisms that drive IS project escalation. The findings provide the basis for developing de-escalation strategies, thereby helping to improve decision-making under uncertainty. Stakeholders involved in IS projects that get "off track" should be aware of the tendency to persist with failing courses of action and the importance of the underlying emotional and cognitive dynamics.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{MartinezGuajardo2024, author = {Mart{\´i}nez Guajardo, Alejandro}, title = {New zwitterionic polymers for antifouling applications}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62682}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626820}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIX, 145}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The remarkable antifouling properties of zwitterionic polymers in controlled environments are often counteracted by their delicate mechanical stability. In order to improve the mechanical stabilities of zwitterionic hydrogels, the effect of increased crosslinker densities was thus explored. In a first approach, terpolymers of zwitterionic monomer 3-[N -2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]ammonio propane-1-sulfonate (SPE), hydrophobic monomer butyl methacrylate (BMA), and photo-crosslinker 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BPEMA) were synthesized. Thin hydrogel coatings of the copolymers were then produced and photo-crosslinked. Studies of the swollen hydrogel films showed that not only the mechanical stability but also, unexpectedly, the antifouling properties were improved by the presence of hydrophobic BMA units in the terpolymers. Based on the positive results shown by the amphiphilic terpolymers and in order to further test the impact that hydrophobicity has on both the antifouling properties of zwitterionic hydrogels and on their mechanical stability, a new amphiphilic zwitterionic methacrylic monomer, 3-((2-(methacryloyloxy)hexyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M1), was synthesized in good yields in a multistep synthesis. Homopolymers of M1 were obtained by free-radical polymerization. Similarly, terpolymers of M1, zwitterionic monomer SPE, and photo-crosslinker BPEMA were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization and thoroughly characterized, including its solubilities in selected solvents. Also, a new family of vinyl amide zwitterionic monomomers, namely 3-(dimethyl(2-(N -vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M2), 4-(dimethyl(2-(N-vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)butane-1-sulfonate (M3), and 3-(dimethyl(2-(N-vinylacetamido)ethyl)ammonio)propyl sulfate (M4), together with the new photo-crosslinker 4-benzoyl-N-vinylbenzamide (M5) that is well-suited for copolymerization with vinylamides, are introduced within the scope of the present work. The monomers are synthesized with good yields developing a multistep synthesis. Homopolymers of the new vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers are obtained by free-radical polymerization and thoroughly characterized. From the solubility tests, it is remarkable that the homopolymers produced are fully soluble in water, evidence of their high hydrophilicity. Copolymerization of the vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers, M2, M3, and M4 with the vinyl amide photo-crosslinker M5 proved to require very specific polymerization conditions. Nevertheless, copolymers were successfully obtained by free-radical copolymerization under appropriate conditions. Moreover, in an attempt to mitigate the intrinsic hydrophobicity introduced in the copolymers by the photo-crosslinkers, and based on the proven affinity of quaternized diallylamines to copolymerize with vinyl amides, a new quaternized diallylamine sulfobetaine photo-crosslinker 3-(diallyl(2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl)ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate (M6) is synthesized. However, despite a priori promising copolymerization suitability, copolymerization with the vinyl amide zwitterionic monomers could not be achieved.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Martin2024, author = {Martin, Katja}, title = {Beerdigen oder verbrennen?}, publisher = {arijeh-verlag}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-944693-04-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {398}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @incollection{Marienfeldt2024, author = {Marienfeldt, Justine}, title = {Digitalisierung und Automatisierung in der Sachbearbeitung}, series = {Handbuch Digitalisierung in Staat und Verwaltung}, booktitle = {Handbuch Digitalisierung in Staat und Verwaltung}, editor = {Klenk, Tanja and Nullmeier, Frank and Wewer, G{\"o}ttrik}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-23669-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-23669-4_89-1}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IKT), Fachverfahren und die Automatisierung von Prozessen ver{\"a}ndern die Sachbearbeitung und Leistungserstellung in der Verwaltung und somit die T{\"a}tigkeiten, Arbeitsbedingungen und Personalstrukturen. Bei der Antragsbearbeitung und Bescheiderstellung in der Ordnungs- und Leistungsverwaltung erh{\"a}lt IKT nicht nur eine unterst{\"u}tzende, sondern zunehmend auch eine leitende oder entscheidende Rolle. Abh{\"a}ngig von der konkreten Ausgestaltung kann die fortschreitende Digitalisierung eine ganzheitliche Sachbearbeitung erm{\"o}glichen, aber auch einschr{\"a}nken. Insgesamt kann sie zu einer Neuordnung des Berufsfeldes {\"o}ffentlicher Dienst f{\"u}hren.}, language = {de} } @article{Marienfeldt2024, author = {Marienfeldt, Justine}, title = {Does digital government hollow out the essence of street-level bureaucracy?}, series = {Social policy \& administration}, journal = {Social policy \& administration}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0144-5596}, doi = {10.1111/spol.12991}, pages = {1 -- 25}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The growing use of digital tools in policy implementation has altered the work of street-level bureaucrats who are granted substantial discretionary power in decision-making. Digital tools can constrain discretionary power, like the curtailment thesis proposed, or serve as action resources, like the enablement thesis suggested. This article assesses empirical evidence of the impact of digital tools on street-level work and decision-making in service-oriented and regulation-oriented organisations based on a systematic literature review and thematic qualitative content analysis of 36 empirical studies published until 2021. The findings demonstrate different effects with regard to the role of digital tools and the core tasks of the public administration, depending on political and managerial goals and consequent system design. Leading or decisive digital tools mostly curtail discretion, especially in service-oriented organisations. In contrast, an enhanced information base or recommendations for actions enable decision-making, in particular in regulation-oriented organisations. By showing how street-level bureaucrats actively try to resist the curtailing effects caused by rigid design to address individual circumstances, for instance by establishing ways of coping like rule bending or rule breaking, using personal resources or prioritising among clients, this study demonstrates the importance of the continuation thesis and the persistently crucial role of human judgement in policy implementation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{MahnckeZare2024, author = {Mahncke-Zare, Naghme}, title = {Legitimiertes Unrecht}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63549}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-635499}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {316}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Oberste Gericht der DDR war integraler Bestandteil der sozialistischen Staatsf{\"u}hrung und unterlag strengen Denk- und Organisationsstrukturen. Es war eng in die politische Agenda der SED eingebunden und genoss keinerlei Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit. Die Auslegung des DDR-Rechts durch das Gericht orientierte sich ausschließlich an den innen- und außenpolitischen Interessen der SED. Dies galt auch f{\"u}r die Rechtsprechung in F{\"a}llen der Republikflucht und ihrer gesetzlichen Vorl{\"a}ufer. Die h{\"o}chste Gerichtsinstanz im Staat war aktiv an der Gestaltung und Umsetzung der Strafjustiz gegen Republikfl{\"u}chtige beteiligt, was wesentlich zur Festigung der Herrschaftsgewalt der SED beitrug. Die vorliegende Untersuchung analysiert Urteile des Obersten Gerichts im historisch-politischen Kontext und zeigt auf, dass die Urteilspraxis ausschließlich im Interesse parteipolitischer Ziele handelte und weder dem Volk noch der eigentlichen Rechtsfindung verpflichtet war. Des Weiteren wird der maßgebliche Beitrag des Obersten Gerichts an der schrittweisen Kriminalisierung der B{\"u}rger der DDR beleuchtet. Dies wirft ein kritisches Licht auf die Rolle des Rechtssystems bei der Sicherung von Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Menschenrechten in autorit{\"a}ren Regimen.}, language = {de} } @article{Mackert2024, author = {Mackert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Citizenship}, series = {Politische Soziologie: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, journal = {Politische Soziologie: Handbuch f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Studium}, editor = {Endreß, Martin and Rampp, Benjamin}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-4836-5}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lorson2024, author = {Lorson, Annalena}, title = {Understanding early stage evolution of digital innovation units in manufacturing companies}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63914}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-639141}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XI, 149}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The dynamic landscape of digital transformation entails an impact on industrial-age manufacturing companies that goes beyond product offerings, changing operational paradigms, and requiring an organization-wide metamorphosis. An initiative to address the given challenges is the creation of Digital Innovation Units (DIUs) - departments or distinct legal entities that use new structures and practices to develop digital products, services, and business models and support or drive incumbents' digital transformation. With more than 300 units in German-speaking countries alone and an increasing number of scientific publications, DIUs have become a widespread phenomenon in both research and practice. This dissertation examines the evolution process of DIUs in the manufacturing industry during their first three years of operation, through an extensive longitudinal single-case study and several cross-case syntheses of seven DIUs. Building on the lenses of organizational change and development, time, and socio-technical systems, this research provides insights into the fundamentals, temporal dynamics, socio-technical interactions, and relational dynamics of a DIU's evolution process. Thus, the dissertation promotes a dynamic understanding of DIUs and adds a two-dimensional perspective to the often one-dimensional view of these units and their interactions with the main organization throughout the startup and growth phases of a DIU. Furthermore, the dissertation constructs a phase model that depicts the early stages of DIU evolution based on these findings and by incorporating literature from information systems research. As a result, it illustrates the progressive intensification of collaboration between the DIU and the main organization. After being implemented, the DIU sparks initial collaboration and instigates change within (parts of) the main organization. Over time, it adapts to the corporate environment to some extent, responding to changing circumstances in order to contribute to long-term transformation. Temporally, the DIU drives the early phases of cooperation and adaptation in particular, while the main organization triggers the first major evolutionary step and realignment of the DIU. Overall, the thesis identifies DIUs as malleable organizational structures that are crucial for digital transformation. Moreover, it provides guidance for practitioners on the process of building a new DIU from scratch or optimizing an existing one.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Littmann2024, author = {Littmann, Daniela-Christin}, title = {Large eddy simulations of the Arctic boundary layer around the MOSAiC drift track}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62437}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624374}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 110}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The icosahedral non-hydrostatic large eddy model (ICON-LEM) was applied around the drift track of the Multidisciplinary Observatory Study of the Arctic (MOSAiC) in 2019 and 2020. The model was set up with horizontal grid-scales between 100m and 800m on areas with radii of 17.5km and 140 km. At its lateral boundaries, the model was driven by analysis data from the German Weather Service (DWD), downscaled by ICON in limited area mode (ICON-LAM) with horizontal grid-scale of 3 km. The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface in the central Arctic during polar winter with a high-resolution mesoscale model. The default settings in ICON-LEM prevent the model from representing the exchange processes in the Arctic boundary layer in accordance to the MOSAiC observations. The implemented sea-ice scheme in ICON does not include a snow layer on sea-ice, which causes a too slow response of the sea-ice surface temperature to atmospheric changes. To allow the sea-ice surface to respond faster to changes in the atmosphere, the implemented sea-ice parameterization in ICON was extended with an adapted heat capacity term. The adapted sea-ice parameterization resulted in better agreement with the MOSAiC observations. However, the sea-ice surface temperature in the model is generally lower than observed due to biases in the downwelling long-wave radiation and the lack of complex surface structures, like leads. The large eddy resolving turbulence closure yielded a better representation of the lower boundary layer under strongly stable stratification than the non-eddy-resolving turbulence closure. Furthermore, the integration of leads into the sea-ice surface reduced the overestimation of the sensible heat flux for different weather conditions. The results of this work help to better understand boundary layer processes in the central Arctic during the polar night. High-resolving mesoscale simulations are able to represent temporally and spatially small interactions and help to further develop parameterizations also for the application in regional and global models.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Limberger2024, author = {Limberger, Daniel}, title = {Concepts and techniques for 3D-embedded treemaps and their application to software visualization}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-632014}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 118}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis addresses concepts and techniques for interactive visualization of hierarchical data using treemaps. It explores (1) how treemaps can be embedded in 3D space to improve their information content and expressiveness, (2) how the readability of treemaps can be improved using level-of-detail and degree-of-interest techniques, and (3) how to design and implement a software framework for the real-time web-based rendering of treemaps embedded in 3D. With a particular emphasis on their application, use cases from software analytics are taken to test and evaluate the presented concepts and techniques. Concerning the first challenge, this thesis shows that a 3D attribute space offers enhanced possibilities for the visual mapping of data compared to classical 2D treemaps. In particular, embedding in 3D allows for improved implementation of visual variables (e.g., by sketchiness and color weaving), provision of new visual variables (e.g., by physically based materials and in situ templates), and integration of visual metaphors (e.g., by reference surfaces and renderings of natural phenomena) into the three-dimensional representation of treemaps. For the second challenge—the readability of an information visualization—the work shows that the generally higher visual clutter and increased cognitive load typically associated with three-dimensional information representations can be kept low in treemap-based representations of both small and large hierarchical datasets. By introducing an adaptive level-of-detail technique, we cannot only declutter the visualization results, thereby reducing cognitive load and mitigating occlusion problems, but also summarize and highlight relevant data. Furthermore, this approach facilitates automatic labeling, supports the emphasis on data outliers, and allows visual variables to be adjusted via degree-of-interest measures. The third challenge is addressed by developing a real-time rendering framework with WebGL and accumulative multi-frame rendering. The framework removes hardware constraints and graphics API requirements, reduces interaction response times, and simplifies high-quality rendering. At the same time, the implementation effort for a web-based deployment of treemaps is kept reasonable. The presented visualization concepts and techniques are applied and evaluated for use cases in software analysis. In this domain, data about software systems, especially about the state and evolution of the source code, does not have a descriptive appearance or natural geometric mapping, making information visualization a key technology here. In particular, software source code can be visualized with treemap-based approaches because of its inherently hierarchical structure. With treemaps embedded in 3D, we can create interactive software maps that visually map, software metrics, software developer activities, or information about the evolution of software systems alongside their hierarchical module structure. Discussions on remaining challenges and opportunities for future research for 3D-embedded treemaps and their applications conclude the thesis.}, language = {en} } @article{LimSamperMejia2024, author = {Lim, Misun and Samper Mejia, Cristina}, title = {Race and cohort differences in family status in the United States}, series = {Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world}, volume = {10}, journal = {Socius : sociological research for a dynamic world}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {2378-0231}, doi = {10.1177/23780231241241041}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In this visualization, the authors show changes in family patterns by different race groups across two cohorts. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (born from 1957 to 1965) and 1997 (born from 1980 to 1984), the authors visualize the relationship-parenthood state distributions at each age between 15 and 35 years by race and cohort. The results suggest the rise of cohabiting mothers and the decline of married and divorced mothers among women born from 1980 to 1984. Black women born from 1980 to 1984 were more likely to experience single/childless and single/parent status compared with Black women born from 1957 to 1965. Although with some visible postponement in the recent cohort, white women in both cohorts were more likely to experience married/parent status than other race groups. The decline in married/parent status across the two generations was sharpest among Hispanic women. These descriptive findings highlight the importance of identifying race when discussing changes in family formation and dissolution trends across generations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lilienkamp2024, author = {Lilienkamp, Henning}, title = {Enhanced computational approaches for data-driven characterization of earthquake ground motion and rapid earthquake impact assessment}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-631954}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 145}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Rapidly growing seismic and macroseismic databases and simplified access to advanced machine learning methods have in recent years opened up vast opportunities to address challenges in engineering and strong motion seismology from novel, datacentric perspectives. In this thesis, I explore the opportunities of such perspectives for the tasks of ground motion modeling and rapid earthquake impact assessment, tasks with major implications for long-term earthquake disaster mitigation. In my first study, I utilize the rich strong motion database from the Kanto basin, Japan, and apply the U-Net artificial neural network architecture to develop a deep learning based ground motion model. The operational prototype provides statistical estimates of expected ground shaking, given descriptions of a specific earthquake source, wave propagation paths, and geophysical site conditions. The U-Net interprets ground motion data in its spatial context, potentially taking into account, for example, the geological properties in the vicinity of observation sites. Predictions of ground motion intensity are thereby calibrated to individual observation sites and earthquake locations. The second study addresses the explicit incorporation of rupture forward directivity into ground motion modeling. Incorporation of this phenomenon, causing strong, pulse like ground shaking in the vicinity of earthquake sources, is usually associated with an intolerable increase in computational demand during probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. I suggest an approach in which I utilize an artificial neural network to efficiently approximate the average, directivity-related adjustment to ground motion predictions for earthquake ruptures from the 2022 New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. The practical implementation in an actual PSHA calculation demonstrates the efficiency and operational readiness of my model. In a follow-up study, I present a proof of concept for an alternative strategy in which I target the generalizing applicability to ruptures other than those from the New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model. In the third study, I address the usability of pseudo-intensity reports obtained from macroseismic observations by non-expert citizens for rapid impact assessment. I demonstrate that the statistical properties of pseudo-intensity collections describing the intensity of shaking are correlated with the societal impact of earthquakes. In a second step, I develop a probabilistic model that, within minutes of an event, quantifies the probability of an earthquake to cause considerable societal impact. Under certain conditions, such a quick and preliminary method might be useful to support decision makers in their efforts to organize auxiliary measures for earthquake disaster response while results from more elaborate impact assessment frameworks are not yet available. The application of machine learning methods to datasets that only partially reveal characteristics of Big Data, qualify the majority of results obtained in this thesis as explorative insights rather than ready-to-use solutions to real world problems. The practical usefulness of this work will be better assessed in the future by applying the approaches developed to growing and increasingly complex data sets.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Li2024, author = {Li, Yunfei}, title = {On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62150}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-621504}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 119}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The urban heat island (UHI) effect, describing an elevated temperature of urban areas compared with their natural surroundings, can expose urban dwellers to additional heat stress, especially during hot summer days. A comprehensive understanding of the UHI dynamics along with urbanization is of great importance to efficient heat stress mitigation strategies towards sustainable urban development. This is, however, still challenging due to the difficulties of isolating the influences of various contributing factors that interact with each other. In this work, I present a systematical and quantitative analysis of how urban intrinsic properties (e.g., urban size, density, and morphology) influence UHI intensity. To this end, we innovatively combine urban growth modelling and urban climate simulation to separate the influence of urban intrinsic factors from that of background climate, so as to focus on the impact of urbanization on the UHI effect. The urban climate model can create a laboratory environment which makes it possible to conduct controlled experiments to separate the influences from different driving factors, while the urban growth model provides detailed 3D structures that can be then parameterized into different urban development scenarios tailored for these experiments. The novelty in the methodology and experiment design leads to the following achievements of our work. First, we develop a stochastic gravitational urban growth model that can generate 3D structures varying in size, morphology, compactness, and density gradient. We compare various characteristics, like fractal dimensions (box-counting, area-perimeter scaling, area-population scaling, etc.), and radial gradient profiles of land use share and population density, against those of real-world cities from empirical studies. The model shows the capability of creating 3D structures resembling real-world cities. This model can generate 3D structure samples for controlled experiments to assess the influence of some urban intrinsic properties in question. [Chapter 2] With the generated 3D structures, we run several series of simulations with urban structures varying in properties like size, density and morphology, under the same weather conditions. Analyzing how the 2m air temperature based canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) intensity varies in response to the changes of the considered urban factors, we find the CUHI intensity of a city is directly related to the built-up density and an amplifying effect that urban sites have on each other. We propose a Gravitational Urban Morphology (GUM) indicator to capture the neighbourhood warming effect. We build a regression model to estimate the CUHI intensity based on urban size, urban gross building volume, and the GUM indicator. Taking the Berlin area as an example, we show the regression model capable of predicting the CUHI intensity under various urban development scenarios. [Chapter 3] Based on the multi-annual average summer surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity derived from Land surface temperature, we further study how urban intrinsic factors influence the SUHI effect of the 5,000 largest urban clusters in Europe. We find a similar 3D GUM indicator to be an effective predictor of the SUHI intensity of these European cities. Together with other urban factors (vegetation condition, elevation, water coverage), we build different multivariate linear regression models and a climate space based Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model that can better predict SUHI intensity. By investigating the roles background climate factors play in modulating the coefficients of the GWR model, we extend the multivariate linear model to a nonlinear one by integrating some climate parameters, such as the average of daily maximal temperature and latitude. This makes it applicable across a range of background climates. The nonlinear model outperforms linear models in SUHI assessment as it captures the interaction of urban factors and the background climate. [Chapter 4] Our work reiterates the essential roles of urban density and morphology in shaping the urban thermal environment. In contrast to many previous studies that link bigger cities with higher UHI intensity, we show that cities larger in the area do not necessarily experience a stronger UHI effect. In addition, the results extend our knowledge by demonstrating the influence of urban 3D morphology on the UHI effect. This underlines the importance of inspecting cities as a whole from the 3D perspective. While urban 3D morphology is an aggregated feature of small-scale urban elements, the influence it has on the city-scale UHI intensity cannot simply be scaled up from that of its neighbourhood-scale components. The spatial composition and configuration of urban elements both need to be captured when quantifying urban 3D morphology as nearby neighbourhoods also cast influences on each other. Our model serves as a useful UHI assessment tool for the quantitative comparison of urban intervention/development scenarios. It can support harnessing the capacity of UHI mitigation through optimizing urban morphology, with the potential of integrating climate change into heat mitigation strategies.}, language = {en} } @book{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz}, series = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, journal = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, edition = {2}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-81740-3}, pages = {XVI, 315}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Gewerbliche Rechtsschutz ist mit seinen Bestandteilen Patentrecht, Gebrauchsmusterrecht, Designrecht und Markenrecht ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Schwerpunktbereiche zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Gewerblichen Rechtsschutz. Die Materie ist eng mit den Problemen der Informationsgesellschaft verkn{\"u}pft und unterliegt gegenw{\"a}rtig einigen {\"A}nderungen. Der Grundriss stellt das Rechtsgebiet kompakt und hochaktuell dar. Insbesondere sind neueste Entscheidungen aus der Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet. Das Werk stellt in erster Linie die deutsche Rechtslage, stets unter Einbeziehung der Vorgaben des Rechts der Europ{\"a}ischen Union dar. Der Grundriss orientiert sich an der Struktur der Gesetze und konzentriert sich auf das f{\"u}r Ausbildung und Pr{\"u}fung Relevante. Schwerpunkte bildet dabei das f{\"u}r Pr{\"u}fungsarbeiten wie Klausuren und Hausarbeiten regelm{\"a}ßig so wichtige materielle Recht. F{\"u}r das Patentrecht, Gebrauchsmusterrecht, Designrecht und Markenrecht sind jeweils dargestellt :Schutzrechtsgegenstand Schutzrechtsinhaber Formelle Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die Entstehung des Schutzrechts Schutzrechtsumfang Schutzrechtsdauer Verkehrsf{\"a}higkeit des Schutzrechts Rechtsfolgen bei Schutzrechtsverletzung. Die Materie wird anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen, F{\"a}llen und Grafiken dargestellt.Vorteile auf einen Blickkompakte Darstellung des geltenden Rechts vom Autor des Wettbewerbsrechts, Kartellrechts und Urheberrechts in der Grundriss-Reihe zahlreiche Beispiele, F{\"a}lle und {\"U}bersichten zur Veranschaulichung. Mit der 2. Auflage wird das Werk auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Insbesondere sind das Zweite Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Modernisierung des Patentrechts (2. PatMoG), das Gesetz zur Anpassung patentrechtlicher Vorschriften auf Grund der europ{\"a}ischen Patentreform, das Verbandsklagenrichtlinienumsetzungsgesetz und das Gesetz zur St{\"a}rkung des fairen Wettbewerbs ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Eingearbeitet sind außerdem die Grundlagenentscheidungen EuGH WRP 2020, 438 - Constantin Film Produktion/EUIPO ("Fack Ju G{\"o}the"), EuGH WRP 2020, 707 - Coty Germany/Amazon Services Europe u.a., EuGH WRP 2020, 707 - G{\"o}mb{\"o}c Kutat{\´o}, Szolg{\´a}to {\´e}s Kreskedelmi/Szellemi Tuljadon Nemzeti Hivatala, EuGH WRP 2020, 1007 - mk adovkaten/MBK Rechtsanw{\"a}lte, BGH GRUR 2019, 496 - Spannungsversorgungsvorrichtung, BGH WRP 2019, 1311 - Ortlieb II, BGH WRP 2020, 1311 - Quadratische Tafelschokoladenverpackung, BGH GRUR 2022, 893 - Aminos{\"a}ureproduktion.}, language = {de} } @book{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Urheberrecht}, series = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, journal = {Grundrisse des Rechts}, edition = {5., neu bearbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-81757-1}, pages = {XVIII, 444}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das Urheberrecht ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Wahlf{\"a}cher Wirtschaftsrecht und Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz. Gegenstand des Rechtsgebiets sind die Rechte an Werken der Literatur, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Die Materie ist eng mit den Problemen der Informationsgesellschaft verkn{\"u}pft und unterliegt gegenw{\"a}rtig zahlreichen {\"A}nderungen.Der Grundriss stellt das Rechtsgebiet kompakt und hochaktuell dar. Insbesondere sind neueste Entscheidungen aus der Rechtsprechung eingearbeitet.Das Werk stellt nicht nur das Urheberrecht im eigentlichen Sinne, sondern auch Teile des Kunsturhebergesetzes, insbesondere das Recht am eigenen Bild, eingehend dar.Der Grundriss orientiert sich an der Struktur des Gesetzes und konzentriert sich auf das f{\"u}r Ausbildung und Pr{\"u}fung Relevante. Schwerpunkte bilden dabei: Werkbegriff {\"U}bertragung von Nutzungs- und Verwertungsrechten Rechtsfolgen von Urheberrechtsverletzungen Urheberrechts-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz (UrhDaG) Recht am eigenen Bild nach 22, 23 Kunst UrhG. Die Materie wird anschaulich und mit vielen Beispielen, Schemata und Grafiken dargestellt.Vorteile auf einen Blickkompakte Darstellung des geltenden Rechts vom Autor des Gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes, Lauterkeitsrechts, Kartellrechts und Urheberrechts jeweils in der Grundriss-Reihe zahlreiche Beispiele und {\"U}bersichten zur Veranschaulichung. Mit der 5. Auflage wird das Werk auf den neuesten Stand gebracht.Insbesondere sind das Gesetz zur Anpassung des Urheberrechts an die Erfordernisse des digitalen Binnenmarktes, das Gesetz zur St{\"a}rkung des fairen Wettbewerbs sowie zahlreiche neue Grundlagenentscheidungen des BGH zum Verzicht auf das Namensnennungsrecht nach 13 S. 2 UrhG (WRP 2023, 1469 - Microstock-Portal), zur Haftung von Plattformen (WRP 2022, 1106 - YouTube II u. 1120 - up-loaded II), zur freien Benutzung (WRP 2022, 729 - Porsche 911) und zum Bildnisschutz (GRUR 2021, 1222 - Die Auserw{\"a}hlten; WRP 2022, 601 - Tina Turner) eingearbeitet.}, language = {de} } @article{Lettl2024, author = {Lettl, Tobias}, title = {Rechtsfolgen der Missbr{\"a}uchlichkeit einer Vertragsklausel nach Art. 6 Abs. 1 RL 93/13/EWG (Klausel-RL) und Art. 13 Abs. 1, 7 VO (EU) 2023/2854 (Datenverordnung oder Data-Act)}, series = {Wertpapier-Mitteilungen Teil 4, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Bankrecht}, volume = {78}, journal = {Wertpapier-Mitteilungen Teil 4, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Wirtschafts- und Bankrecht}, number = {5}, publisher = {Herausgebergemeinschaft Wertpapiermitteilungen Keppler, Lehmann}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, issn = {0342-6971}, pages = {185 -- 192}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @techreport{LessmannGrunerKalkuhletal.2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Lessmann, Kai and Gruner, Friedemann and Kalkuhl, Matthias and Edenhofer, Ottmar}, title = {Emissions Trading with Clean-up Certificates}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {79}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-641368}, pages = {35}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing "clean-up certificates" to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism.}, language = {en} } @article{LazaridesGniewosz2024, author = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Gniewosz, Burkhard}, title = {Modelling develpoment and change of motivational beliefs}, series = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights}, journal = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-032-30109-9}, doi = {10.4324/9781003303473-15}, pages = {197 -- 212}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of methods to capture developments and changes in motivational beliefs. Motivational research has recently begun to venture beyond just examining average developmental trends in motivational variables by starting to investigate how developmental changes in motivational variables differ between and within individuals in different learning situations and across contexts. Although studies have started to uncover differences in motivational changes, a systematic overview of suitable methods for capturing motivational differences in developmental processes is still missing. In this chapter, we review key methods of change modelling, bringing together variable-centred approaches, such as growth modelling and true intraindividual change (TIC) models, and person-centred approaches, such as latent transition and growth mixture models. We illustrate the value of the reviewed statistical methods for the analysis of context-specific motivational changes by reviewing recent empirical studies that identify different patterns and trajectories of such motivational beliefs across time. Our focus is thereby on research grounded in situated expectancy-value theory as a core theory in motivational research.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LampartMoser2024, author = {Lampart, Fabian and Moser, Natalie}, title = {Reflexionen des Kommenden in der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts}, series = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, booktitle = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, publisher = {Rombach Wissenschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-96821-870-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783968218717}, pages = {7 -- 20}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @incollection{Lampart2024, author = {Lampart, Fabian}, title = {Prognose, Planung, Sicherung}, series = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, volume = {259}, booktitle = {Zukunft - Zukunftswissen - Zukunfts{\"a}sthetik}, publisher = {Rombach Wissenschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-96821-870-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783968218717}, pages = {165 -- 188}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @book{Laloe2024, author = {Lalo{\"e}, Franck}, title = {Grundlagen kontinuierlicher Symmetrien}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-527-41415-4}, pages = {xii, 538}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Das neue Buch von Franck Lalo{\"e} stellt einen symmetriebasierten Ansatz vor, um die Quantenmechanik auf einer fundamentalen Ebene zu verstehen, und liefert die dazugeh{\"o}rigen Rechentechniken, um fortgeschrittene Kurse {\"u}ber Kernphysik, Quantenoptik und Festk{\"o}rperphysik zu meistern.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Koehler2024, author = {K{\"o}hler, Wolfgang}, title = {Challenges of efficient and compliant data processing}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung ver{\"a}ndert die Gesellschaft und hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Unternehmen. Grundlegend f{\"u}r diese Ver{\"a}nderungen sind die neuen technologischen M{\"o}glichkeiten, Daten in immer gr{\"o}ßerem Umfang und f{\"u}r vielf{\"a}ltige neue Zwecke zu verarbeiten. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit großer und qualitativ hochwertiger Datens{\"a}tze, insbesondere auf Basis personenbezogener Daten. Sie werden entweder zur Verbesserung der Produktivit{\"a}t, Qualit{\"a}t und Individualit{\"a}t von Produkten und Dienstleistungen oder gar zur Entwicklung neuartiger Dienstleistungen verwendet. Heute wird das Nutzerverhalten, trotz weltweit steigender gesetzlicher Anforderungen an den Schutz personenbezogener Daten, aktiver und umfassender verfolgt als je zuvor. Dies wirft vermehrt ethische, moralische und gesellschaftliche Fragen auf, die nicht zuletzt durch popul{\"a}re F{\"a}lle des Datenmissbrauchs in den Vordergrund der politischen Debatte ger{\"u}ckt sind. Angesichts dieses Diskurses und der gesetzlichen Anforderungen muss heutiges Datenmanagement drei Bedingungen erf{\"u}llen: Erstens die Legalit{\"a}t bzw. Gesetzeskonformit{\"a}t der Nutzung, zweitens die ethische Legitimit{\"a}t. Drittens sollte die Datennutzung aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht wertsch{\"o}pfend sein. Im Rahmen dieser Bedingungen verfolgt die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation vier Forschungsziele mit dem Fokus, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis (1) der Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Gesetzen zum Schutz von Privatsph{\"a}re, (2) der Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Kunden zur Weitergabe pers{\"o}nlicher Daten beeinflussen, (3) der Rolle des Datenschutzes f{\"u}r das digitale Unternehmertum und (4) der interdisziplin{\"a}ren wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung, deren Entwicklung und Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu erlangen.}, language = {en} } @article{Krochmalnik2024, author = {Krochmalnik, Daniel}, title = {Kaschrut}, series = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, journal = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, isbn = {978-3-98740-007-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783987400087}, pages = {91 -- 104}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @techreport{KritikosMalirantaNippalaetal.2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kritikos, Alexander and Maliranta, Mika and Nippala, Veera and Nurmi, Satu}, title = {Does gender of firm ownership matter?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {76}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63619}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636194}, pages = {1 -- 39}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is - starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others - firm managers - determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrauseGahn2024, author = {Krause, Werner and Gahn, Christina}, title = {How powerful are polls in influencing election outcomes?}, series = {The LOOP : ECPR's Political Science Blog}, journal = {The LOOP : ECPR's Political Science Blog}, publisher = {European Consortium for Political Research}, address = {Colchester}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Werner Krause and Christina Gahn argue that we need to pay more attention to how the media communicates the results of opinion polls to the public. Reporting methodological details, such as margins of error, can alter citizens' vote choices on election day. This has important implications for elections around the world}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koyan2024, author = {Koyan, Philipp}, title = {3D attribute analysis and classification to interpret ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data collected across sedimentary environments: Synthetic studies and field examples}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63948}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-639488}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 115, A51}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Untersuchung des oberfl{\"a}chennahen Untergrundes erfolgt heutzutage bei Frage- stellungen aus den Bereichen des Bauwesens, der Arch{\"a}ologie oder der Geologie und Hydrologie oft mittels zerst{\"o}rungsfreier beziehungsweise zerst{\"o}rungsarmer Methoden der angewandten Geophysik. Ein Bereich, der eine immer zentralere Rolle in Forschung und Ingenieurwesen einnimmt, ist die Untersuchung von sediment{\"a}ren Umgebungen, zum Beispiel zur Charakterisierung oberfl{\"a}chennaher Grundwassersysteme. Ein in diesem Kontext h{\"a}ufig eingesetztes Verfahren ist das des Georadars (oftmals GPR - aus dem Englischen ground-penetrating radar). Dabei werden kurze elektromagnetische Impulse von einer Antenne in den Untergrund ausgesendet, welche dort wiederum an Kontrasten der elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften (wie zum Beispiel an der Grundwasseroberfl{\"a}che) reflektiert, gebrochen oder gestreut werden. Eine Empfangsantenne zeichnet diese Signale in Form derer Amplituden und Laufzeiten auf. Eine Analyse dieser aufgezeichneten Signale erm{\"o}glicht Aussagen {\"u}ber den Untergrund, beispielsweise {\"u}ber die Tiefenlage der Grundwasseroberfl{\"a}che oder die Lagerung und Charakteristika oberfl{\"a}chennaher Sedimentschichten. Dank des hohen Aufl{\"o}sungsverm{\"o}gens der GPR-Methode sowie stetiger technologischer Entwicklungen erfolgt heutzutage die Aufzeichnung von GPR- Daten immer h{\"a}ufiger in 3D. Trotz des hohen zeitlichen und technischen Aufwandes f{\"u}r die Datenakquisition und -bearbeitung werden die resultierenden 3D-Datens{\"a}tze, welche den Untergrund hochaufl{\"o}send abbilden, typischerweise von Hand interpretiert. Dies ist in der Regel ein {\"a}ußerst zeitaufwendiger Analyseschritt. Daher werden oft repr{\"a}sentative 2D-Schnitte aus dem 3D-Datensatz gew{\"a}hlt, in denen markante Reflektionsstrukuren markiert werden. Aus diesen Strukturen werden dann sich {\"a}hnelnde Bereiche im Untergrund als so genannte Radar-Fazies zusammengefasst. Die anhand von 2D-Schnitten erlangten Resultate werden dann als repr{\"a}sentativ f{\"u}r die gesamte untersuchte Fl{\"a}che angesehen. In dieser Form durchgef{\"u}hrte Interpretationen sind folglich oft unvollst{\"a}ndig sowie zudem in hohem Maße von der Expertise der Interpretierenden abh{\"a}ngig und daher in der Regel nicht reproduzierbar. Eine vielversprechende Alternative beziehungsweise Erg{\"a}nzung zur manuellen In- terpretation ist die Verwendung von so genannten GPR-Attributen. Dabei werden nicht die aufgezeichneten Daten selbst, sondern daraus abgeleitete Gr{\"o}ßen, welche die markanten Reflexionsstrukturen in 3D charakterisieren, zur Interpretation herangezogen. In dieser Arbeit wird anhand verschiedener Feld- und Modelldatens{\"a}tze untersucht, welche Attribute sich daf{\"u}r insbesondere eignen. Zudem zeigt diese Arbeit, wie ausgew{\"a}hlte Attribute mittels spezieller Bearbeitungs- und Klassifizierungsmethoden zur Erstellung von 3D-Faziesmodellen genutzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Dank der M{\"o}glichkeit der Erstellung so genannter attributbasierter 3D-GPR-Faziesmodelle k{\"o}nnen zuk{\"u}nftige Interpretationen zu gewissen Teilen automatisiert und somit effizienter durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Weiterhin beschreiben die so erhaltenen Resultate den untersuchten Untergrund in reproduzierbarer Art und Weise sowie umf{\"a}nglicher als es bisher mittels manueller Interpretationsmethoden typischerweise m{\"o}glich war.}, language = {en} } @article{Kosman2024, author = {Kosman, Admiʾel}, title = {?של מי הנקמה}, series = {אלכסון}, journal = {אלכסון}, year = {2024}, language = {mul} } @book{KollodzeiskiHafnerLippertetal.2024, author = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist and Lippert, Rachel N. and Bartelmeß, Tina and Schweigert, Florian J. and Bigalke, Bernadett and Krochmalnik, Daniel and Sanc{\i}, Kadir and Kardas, Arhan and Dietzel, Irene and Yilmaz, R{\"u}meysa and Olhoeft, Netanel and Struß, Lukas}, title = {Du sollst nicht essen}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, publisher = {Ergon Verlag}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-98740-007-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783987400087}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zwar sind Menschen biologisch gesehen Allesesser, dennoch gibt es keine Gemeinschaft, die alle ihr zur Verf{\"u}gung stehenden Nahrungsmittel voll aussch{\"o}pft. Immer wird etwas nicht gegessen. Warum wir nicht essen, was wir nicht essen - das beleuchtet dieser Sammelband aus neuro-, ern{\"a}hrungs-, gesellschafts- und religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Ein „religi{\"o}ser Nutriscore" gibt Auskunft {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Verzichtsregeln in Judentum, Christentum und Islam. Eine Fotostrecke veranschaulicht, wie bestimmte Speisen zu Festen und Feiertagen zu einem heiligen Essen werden. Nicht zuletzt werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie Menschen, die verschiedene Speiseregeln befolgen, dennoch zusammen essen k{\"o}nnen - inklusive Praxistest in der Unimensa.}, language = {de} } @misc{KollodzeiskiHafnerLippertetal.2024, author = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist and Lippert, Rachel N. and Bartelmeß, Tina and Schweigert, Florian J. and Bigalke, Bernadett and Krochmalnik, Daniel and Sanc{\i}, Kadir and Kardas, Arhan and Dietzel, Irene and Yilmaz, R{\"u}meysa and Olhoeft, Netanel and Struß, Lukas}, title = {Du sollst nicht essen}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, number = {191}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62754}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627542}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Zwar sind Menschen biologisch gesehen Allesesser, dennoch gibt es keine Gemeinschaft, die alle ihr zur Verf{\"u}gung stehenden Nahrungsmittel voll aussch{\"o}pft. Immer wird etwas nicht gegessen. Warum wir nicht essen, was wir nicht essen - das beleuchtet dieser Sammelband aus neuro-, ern{\"a}hrungs-, gesellschafts- und religionswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Ein „religi{\"o}ser Nutriscore" gibt Auskunft {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Verzichtsregeln in Judentum, Christentum und Islam. Eine Fotostrecke veranschaulicht, wie bestimmte Speisen zu Festen und Feiertagen zu einem heiligen Essen werden. Nicht zuletzt werden Wege aufgezeigt, wie Menschen, die verschiedene Speiseregeln befolgen, dennoch zusammen essen k{\"o}nnen - inklusive Praxistest in der Unimensa.}, language = {de} } @article{Kollodzeiski2024, author = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike}, title = {„Keine Seele von euch soll Blut essen!" (Lev 17,12)}, series = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, journal = {Du sollst nicht essen: Warum Menschen auf Nahrung verzichten - interdisziplin{\"a}re Zug{\"a}nge}, editor = {Kollodzeiski, Ulrike and Hafner, Johann Evangelist}, publisher = {Ergon Verlag}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-98740-007-0}, doi = {10.5771/9783987400087}, pages = {77 -- 89}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kiss2024, author = {Kiss, Andrea}, title = {Moss-associated bacterial and archaeal communities of northern peatlands: key taxa, environmental drivers and potential functions}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63064}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630641}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XX, 139, liv}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Moss-microbe associations are often characterised by syntrophic interactions between the microorganisms and their hosts, but the structure of the microbial consortia and their role in peatland development remain unknown. In order to study microbial communities of dominant peatland mosses, Sphagnum and brown mosses, and the respective environmental drivers, four study sites representing different successional stages of natural northern peatlands were chosen on a large geographical scale: two brown moss-dominated, circumneutral peatlands from the Arctic and two Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peat bogs from subarctic and temperate zones. The family Acetobacteraceae represented the dominant bacterial taxon of Sphagnum mosses from various geographical origins and displayed an integral part of the moss core community. This core community was shared among all investigated bryophytes and consisted of few but highly abundant prokaryotes, of which many appear as endophytes of Sphagnum mosses. Moreover, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses represent habitats for archaea which were not studied in association with peatland mosses so far. Euryarchaeota that are capable of methane production (methanogens) displayed the majority of the moss-associated archaeal communities. Moss-associated methanogenesis was detected for the first time, but it was mostly negligible under laboratory conditions. Contrarily, substantial moss-associated methane oxidation was measured on both, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses, supporting that methanotrophic bacteria as part of the moss microbiome may contribute to the reduction of methane emissions from pristine and rewetted peatlands of the northern hemisphere. Among the investigated abiotic and biotic environmental parameters, the peatland type and the host moss taxon were identified to have a major impact on the structure of moss-associated bacterial communities, contrarily to archaeal communities whose structures were similar among the investigated bryophytes. For the first time it was shown that different bog development stages harbour distinct bacterial communities, while at the same time a small core community is shared among all investigated bryophytes independent of geography and peatland type. The present thesis displays the first large-scale, systematic assessment of bacterial and archaeal communities associated both with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses. It suggests that some host-specific moss taxa have the potential to play a key role in host moss establishment and peatland development.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Khurana2024, author = {Khurana, Thomas}, title = {Die Unheimlichkeit des Gew{\"o}hnlichen}, series = {Trouble Every Day : Zum Schrecken des Allt{\"a}glichen}, booktitle = {Trouble Every Day : Zum Schrecken des Allt{\"a}glichen}, publisher = {Brill Fink}, address = {Paderborn}, isbn = {978-3-8467-6721-4}, doi = {10.30965/9783846767214_006}, pages = {91 -- 105}, year = {2024}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ketzer2024, author = {Ketzer, Laura}, title = {The impact of stellar activity evolution on atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-626819}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 208}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The increasing number of known exoplanets raises questions about their demographics and the mechanisms that shape planets into how we observe them today. Young planets in close-in orbits are exposed to harsh environments due to the host star being magnetically highly active, which results in high X-ray and extreme UV fluxes impinging on the planet. Prolonged exposure to this intense photoionizing radiation can cause planetary atmospheres to heat up, expand and escape into space via a hydrodynamic escape process known as photoevaporation. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune-type planets, this can even lead to the complete erosion of their primordial gaseous atmospheres. A factor of interest for this particular mass-loss process is the activity evolution of the host star. Stellar rotation, which drives the dynamo and with it the magnetic activity of a star, changes significantly over the stellar lifetime. This strongly affects the amount of high-energy radiation received by a planet as stars age. At a young age, planets still host warm and extended envelopes, making them particularly susceptible to atmospheric evaporation. Especially in the first gigayear, when X-ray and UV levels can be 100 - 10,000 times higher than for the present-day sun, the characteristics of the host star and the detailed evolution of its high-energy emission are of importance. In this thesis, I study the impact of stellar activity evolution on the high-energy-induced atmospheric mass loss of young exoplanets. The PLATYPOS code was developed as part of this thesis to calculate photoevaporative mass-loss rates over time. The code, which couples parameterized planetary mass-radius relations with an analytical hydrodynamic escape model, was used, together with Chandra and eROSITA X-ray observations, to investigate the future mass loss of the two young multiplanet systems V1298 Tau and K2-198. Further, in a numerical ensemble study, the effect of a realistic spread of activity tracks on the small-planet radius gap was investigated for the first time. The works in this thesis show that for individual systems, in particular if planetary masses are unconstrained, the difference between a young host star following a low-activity track vs. a high-activity one can have major implications: the exact shape of the activity evolution can determine whether a planet can hold on to some of its atmosphere, or completely loses its envelope, leaving only the bare rocky core behind. For an ensemble of simulated planets, an observationally-motivated distribution of activity tracks does not substantially change the final radius distribution at ages of several gigayears. My simulations indicate that the overall shape and slope of the resulting small-planet radius gap is not significantly affected by the spread in stellar activity tracks. However, it can account for a certain scattering or fuzziness observed in and around the radius gap of the observed exoplanet population.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kersting2024, author = {Kersting, Katerina}, title = {Development of a CRISPR/Cas gene editing technique for the coccolithophore Chrysotila carterae}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, language = {en} }