@article{OezerScheffler2018,
  author    = {{\"O}zer, Aydan and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Affinity to host population stimulates physical growth in adult offspring of Turkish migrants in Germany},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2018/0825},
  pages     = {359 -- 364},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Because of political conflicts and climate change, migration will be increased worldwide and integration in host societies is a challenge also for migrants. We hypothesize that migrants, who take up the challenge in a new social environment are taller than migrants who do not pose this challenge. We analyze by a questionnaire possible social, nutritional and ethnic influencing factors to body height (BH) of adult offspring of Turkish migrants (n = 82, 39 males) aged from 18 to 34 years (mean age 24.6 years). The results of multiple regression (downward selection) show that the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the Turkish culture, the smaller he is (95\% CI, -3.79, -0.323). Further, the more a male adult offspring of Turkish migrants feels like belonging to the German culture, the taller he is (95\% CI, -0.152, 1.738). We discussed it comparable to primates taking up their challenge in dominance, where as a result their body size increase is associated with higher IGF-1 level. IGF-1 is associated with emotional belonging and has a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolism and growth of the human body. With all pilot characteristics of our study results show that the successful challenge of integration in a new society is strongly associated with the emotional integration and identification in the sense of a personal sense of belonging to society. We discuss taller BH as a signal of social growth adjustment. In this sense, a secular trend of BH adaptation of migrants to hosts is a sign of integration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0090},
  pages     = {167 -- 173},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to display the static strength capacities of healthy adults in different age categories. A total of 279 healthy German adults at the ages of 20 to 29 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years generated their maximum static handgrip, index finger and thumb push strength, as well as their maximum opening strength on a smooth jar lid of 85 mm diameter and on a knurled bottle lid of 31 mm with their right hand. The results show larger male strength than female strength. Significant age-induced differences appear primarily in opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years in male subjects and in female opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 60 to 69 years as well as between the age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Of greatest interest is that elderly men show the largest opening strengths.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoenfeldSchefflerJanewa2012,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}nfeld, Vanessa and Scheffler, Christiane and Janewa, Arnab Ghosh},
  title     = {Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents},
  issn      = {0003-5568},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchradeScheffler2013,
  author    = {Schrade, Lisa and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Assessing the applicability of the digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) Bosch 250 VF for anthropometric field studies},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2013/0223},
  pages     = {137 -- 145},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional (R) BOSCH 250 VF was tested as a modified preproduction model with regard to its applicability of quantifying humans' height. The aim of this investigation was to determine and evaluate the instrument's precision, as well as its manageability within anthropometric field studies. Data collected by the digital laser rangefinder did not show a significant difference to data of control by an anthropometer. Furthermore, more than 96\% of the difference values are located within area of agreement. Nevertheless, the GLM Professional (R) is a highly sensitive instrument and mean SD within threefold data acquisition is twice as high as SD resulting from data collection by an anthropometer. However, due to the minimal percentage differences within data acquisition and compared to the standard method, the GLM Professional (R) is proved to be a reliable instrument and to be highly applicable for anthropometric field studies. Furthermore, due to its excellent manageability and compact size, the GLM Professional (R) shows a very good applicability even for less trained anthropometrists and thus ameliorates the possibilities of collecting reliable data within anthropometric field studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchradeScheffler2013,
  author    = {Schrade, Lisa and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Assessing the applicability of the digital laser rangefinder GLM Professional Bosch 250 VF for anthropometric field studies},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchilitzGreilScheffler2000,
  author    = {Schilitz, Anja and Greil, Holle and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {K{\"o}rperliche Entwicklung von Brandenburger Sch{\"u}lern und Sch{\"u}lerinnen als Indikator f{\"u}r komplexe Ver{\"a}nderungen von Umweltbedingungen},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerVoigt2008,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Voigt, Andrea},
  title     = {Vergleich statischer und dynamischer K{\"o}rpermaße von J{\"u}ngeren (20 - 29 Jahre) und {\"A}lteren (50 - 85 Jahre)},
  isbn      = {978-3-88383-734-2},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerVoigt2008,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Voigt, Andrea},
  title     = {Physical Mobility of the Elderly - Anthropometric Data of Static and Dynamic Measurements, and Physiologic Parameters under Stress Conditions},
  editor    = {Bodzs{\´a}r, Eva and Susanne, Charles},
  isbn      = {978-963-06-5222-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerSchueler2009,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Sch{\"u}ler, Grit},
  title     = {Analysis of BMI of preschool children : results of longitudinal studies},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0007},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Exceeding weight gain in childhood is a prevailing issue in industrialised countries, such as in Germany. The aim of this study was to detect a critical age for exceeding weight gain. It is assumed that especially in the early years of life, the years of nursery school age, the individual development of weight is fundamental for the prediction of obesity. The data of 638 children (324 boys and 314 girls) and the data of additional 1390 children of a preceding longitudinal study were analysed. The results show that overweight newborns are not at higher risk of becoming overweight children later, in the first place. But the results identify a high risk of becoming overweight for children 4.5 years old through a BMI rebound. In addition, this comparably earlier BMI rebound is linked with an increasing percentage of body fat. This leads to the assumption, that a comparably early BMI rebound is remarkably atypical for healthy child development. The results are also interrelated with the test person's sex. Endangered girls are of pyknomorphic body type. In contrast, the boys' results are independent of the body type. Obesity of boys therefore is strongly assumed to be caused by environmental factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerRogolIancuetal.2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Rogol, Alan D. and Iancu, Mirela and Hanc, Tomasz and Moelyo, Annang Giri and Suchomlinov, Andrej and Lebedeva, Lidia and Limony, Yehuda and Musalek, Martin and Veldre, Gudrun and Godina, Elena Z. and Kirchengast, Sylvia and Mumm, Rebekka and Groth, Detlef and Tutkuviene, Janina and B{\"o}ker, Sonja and Ozer, Basak Koca and Navazo, Barbara and Spake, Laure and Koziel, Slawomir and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Growth during times of fear and emotional stress},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Twenty-one scientists met for this year's virtual conference on Auxology held at the University Potsdam, Germany, to discuss child and adolescent growth during times of fear and emotional stress. Growth within the broad range of normal for age and sex is considered a sign of good general health whereas fear and emotional stress can lead to growth faltering. Stunting is a sign of social disadvantage and poor parental education. Adverse childhood experiences affect child development, particularly in families with low parental education and low socioeconomic status. Negative effects were also shown in Indian children exposed prenatally and in early postnatal life to the cyclone Aila in 2009. Distrust, fears and fake news regarding the current Corona pandemic received particular attention though the effects generally appeared weak. Mean birth weight was higher; rates of low, very and extremely low birth weight were lower. Other topics discussed by the participants, were the influences of economic crises on birth weight, the measurement of self-confidence and its impact on growth, the associations between obesity, peer relationship, and behavior among Turkish adolescents, height trends in Indonesia, physiological neonatal weight loss, methods for assessing biological maturation in sportsmen, and a new method for skeletal age determination. The participants also discussed the association between acute myocardial infarction and somatotype in Estonia, rural-urban growth differences in Mongolian children, socio-environmental conditions and sexual dimorphism, biological mortality bias, and new statistical techniques for describing inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables, and for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerObermueller2012,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Oberm{\"u}ller, Janina},
  title     = {Development of fat distrinution patterns in children and its association with the type of body shape assessed by the Metric-Index},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerObermueller2012,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Oberm{\"u}ller, Janina},
  title     = {Development of fat distribution patterns in children and its association with the type of body shape assessed by the Metric-Index},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0138},
  pages     = {45 -- 55},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The present cross-sectional anthropometric study evaluates new approaches in preventing overweight in children. Anthropometric data were obtained in 289 German children (146 boys, 143 girls) aged 6-11 years and 41 20-29 year old German female students for describing the type of body shape by Metric-Index (thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, height). The data were correlated with 15 fat layers measured with a lipometer with Principal Component Analyses and ANOVA. In females the android respectively gynoid type of body shape was significantly associated with the pyknomorphic respectively leptomorphic type. The study demonstrates that this pattern is established by an age of 8 years, when the earliest maturing children start to enter puberty. This pattern can be used to check the individual's risk of overweight and to recommend preventive healthcare interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerNoth2002,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Noth, Veronika},
  title     = {Bewegungsanalyse von Alltagssituationen},
  isbn      = {3-412-03102-x},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerNguyenHermanussen2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Nguyen, Thi Hong and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Vietnamese migrants are as tall as they want to be},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Members of the same social group tent to have the same body height. Migrants tend to adjust in height to their host communities. Objectives: Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors influence growth. We hypothesized that Vietnamese young adult migrants in Germany (1) are taller than their parents, (2) are as tall as their German peers, and (3) are as tall as predicted by height expectation at age 13 years. Sample: The study was conducted in 30 male and 54 female Vietnamese migrants (mean age 26.23 years. SD=4.96) in Germany in 2020. Methods: Information on age, sex, body height, school and education, job, height and ethnicity of best friend, migration history and cultural identification, parental height and education, and recalled information on their personal height expectations at age 13 years were obtained by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) and multiple regression. Results: Vietnamese young adults are taller than their parents (females 3.85cm, males 7.44cm), but do not fully attain height of their German peers. The body height is positively associated with the height of best friend (p < 0.001), the height expectation at age 13 year (p < 0.001), and father's height (p=0.001). Conclusion: Body height of Vietnamese migrants in Germany reflects competitive growth and strategic growth adjustments. The magnitude of this intergenerational trend supports the concept that human growth depends on SEPE factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerKruetzfeldtDasguptaetal.2018,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Kruetzfeldt, Louisa-Marie and Dasgupta, Parasmani and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {No association between fat tissue and height in 5019 children and adolescents, measured between 1982 and 2011 in Kolkata/India},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2018/0827},
  pages     = {403 -- 411},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Body height has traditionally been looked upon as a mirror of the condition of society, short height being an indicator of poor nutritional status, poor education, and low social status and income. This view has recently been questioned. We aimed to quantify the effects of nutrition, education, sibship size, and household income, factors that are conventionally considered to be related to child growth, on body height of children and adolescents raised under urban Indian conditions. Sample and methods: We re-analyzed several anthropometric measurements and questionnaires with questions on sibship size, fathers' and mother's education, and monthly family expenditure, from two cross-sectional growth studies performed in Kolkata, India. The first Kolkata Growth Study (KG1) took place in 1982-1983, with data on 825 Bengali boys aged 7 to 16 years; and the second Kolkata Growth Study (KG2) between 1999 and 2011 with data of 1999 boys aged 7 to 21 years from Bengali Hindu families, and data of 2195 girls obtained between 2005 and 2011. Results: Indian children showed positive insignificant secular trends in height and a significant secular trend in weight and BMI between between 1982 and 2011. Yet, multiple regression analysis failed to detect an association between nutritional status (expressed in terms of skinfold thickness), monthly family expenditure and sibship size with body height of these children. The analysis only revealed an influence of parental education on female, but not on male height. Conclusion: We failed to detect influences of nutrition, sibship size, and monthly family expenditure on body height in a large sample of children and adolescents raised in Kolkata, India, between 1982 and 2011. We found a mild positive association between parental education and girls' height. The data question current concepts regarding the impact of nutrition, and household and economic factors on growth, but instead underscore the effect of parental education.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerKetelhutMorgenstern2004,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Morgenstern, Ulrike},
  title     = {K{\"o}rperliche und motorische Entwicklung von Kindern unterschiedlicher sozialer Herkunft.},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerKetelhutMorgenstern2003,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Morgenstern, Ulrike},
  title     = {K{\"o}rperliche und motorische Entwicklung von Kindern unterschiedlicher sozialer Herkunft},
  isbn      = {3-935024-76-2},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerKetelhutMohassebetal.2004,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Mohasseb, Iman and Ketelhut, Reinhard G.},
  title     = {The influence of an exercise program on body composition, motor and cardiovascular parameters in pre-school children : a longitudinal study},
  isbn      = {88-87814-25-2},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerKetelhutMohasseb2007,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Mohasseb, Iman},
  title     = {Does physical education modify the body composition? - Results of a longitudinal study of pre-school children},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The aim of the study is the analysis of body composition, motor development and cardiovascular parameters of preschool-children. In 2001/2002 a longitudinal study started in 17 nursery schools in Berlin. A total of 160 children out of the 264 children participated in a regular exercise programme. After 24 months of training significant differences of body composition, motor skills and cardiovascular parameters between 5 complete year old children of the intervention and the control group were observed. The results show that such an exercise programme is successful as a preventive measure to decrease the risk of obesity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerJaeger2001,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Jaeger, Uwe},
  title     = {Industrieanthropologie},
  isbn      = {3-89873-228-2},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussenRogol2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael and Rogol, Alan D.},
  title     = {Stunting},
  series = {Archives of disease in childhood : a peer review journal for health professionals and researchers covering conception to adolescence},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Archives of disease in childhood : a peer review journal for health professionals and researchers covering conception to adolescence},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0003-9888},
  doi       = {10.1136/archdischild-2020-319240},
  pages     = {819 -- 820},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussen2014,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Is there an influence of modern life style on skeletal build?},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-0533},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.22561},
  pages     = {590 -- 597},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Modern human life style has led to significant decrease in everyday physical activity and bipedal locomotion. It has previously been shown that skeletal robustness (relative elbow breadth) is associated with daily step counts. The aim of the study was to investigate whether also other skeletal measures, particularly pelvic breadth may have changed in recent decades. Methods: We re-analyzed elbow breadth, pelvic breadth (bicristal), and thoracic depth and breadth, of up to 28,975 healthy females and 28,288 healthy males aged 3-18 years from cross-sectional anthropological surveys performed between 1980 and 2012 by the Universities of Potsdam and Berlin, Germany. Results: Relative elbow breadth (Frame index) significantly decreased in both sexes since 1980 (< 0.001). The trend toward slighter built was even more pronounced in absolute and relative pelvic breadth. In contrast, equivalent changes of parts of the skeletal system that are not involved in bipedal locomotion such as thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, and the thoracic index were absent. Conclusions: The present investigation confirms the decline in relative elbow breadth in recent decades. Analogue, but even more pronounced changes were detected in pelvic breadth that coincides with the modern decline in upright locomotion. The findings underscore the phenotypic plasticity of humans while adapting to new environmental conditions. (C) 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussen2022,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Reply to the letter titled: "Pathologizing normal height or identifying chronic malnutrition: Public health concerns of calling stunting normal" / by Nafis Faizi, Mohd Yasir Zubair and Fazeelah Tasleem'. - New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley Interscience. - 2022. - (American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 16 Feb 2022. - 34(2022) 5 ). - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23735},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Association},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Association},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley Interscience},
  address   = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1520-6300},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.23741},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussen2023,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {What does stunting tell us?},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  volume    = {2022},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph2022.3.36},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Stunting is commonly linked with undernutrition. Yet, already after World War I, German pediatricians questioned this link and stated that no association exists between nutrition and height. Recent analyses within different populations of Low- and middle-income countries with high rates of stunted children failed to support the assumption that stunted children have a low BMI and skinfold sickness as signs of severe caloric deficiency. So, stunting is not a synonym of malnutrition. Parental education level has a positive influence on body height in stunted populations, e.g., in India and in Indonesia. Socially disadvantaged children tend to be shorter and lighter than children from affluent families. Humans are social mammals; they regulate growth similar to other social mammals. Also in humans, body height is strongly associated with the position within the social hierarchy, reflecting the personal and group-specific social, economic, political, and emotional environment. These non-nutritional impact factors on growth are summarized by the concept of SEPE (Social-Economic-Political-Emotional) factors. SEPE reflects on prestige, dominance-subordination, social identity, and ego motivation of individuals and social groups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerHermanussen2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Stunting does not impair physical fitness in Indonesian school children},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.19},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Physical fitness is decreased in malnourished children and adults. Poor appearance and muscular flaccidity are among the first signs of malnutrition. Malnutrition is often associated with stunting. Objectives: We test the hypotheses that stunted children of low social strata are physically less fit than children of high social strata. Sample: We investigated 354 school girls and 369 school boys aged 5.83 to 13.83 (mean 9.54) years from three different social strata in Kupang (West-Timor, Indonesia) in 2020. Methods: We measured height, weight, and elbow breadth, calculated standard deviation (SDS) of height and weight according to CDC references, and the Frame index as an indicator of long-term physical fitness, and we tested physical fitness in standing long jump and hand grip strength. Results: Children of low social strata are physically fittest. They jump longer distances, and they have higher values in the Frame index. No association exists between height SDS and physical fitness, neither in respect to standing long jump, nor to hand grip strength. Conclusion: Stunting does not impair physical fitness in Indonesian school children. Our results support the concept that SEPE (social-economic-political-emotional) factors are involved in the regulation of human growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerGreilSchroeder2000,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Greil, Holle and Schr{\"o}der, Inge},
  title     = {Maß- und funktionsgerechte Gestaltung der k{\"o}rpernahen Umwelt {\"a}lterer Menschen},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerGreilHermanussen2017,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Greil, Holle and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {The association between weight, height, and head circumference reconsidered},
  series = {Pediatric Research},
  volume    = {81},
  journal   = {Pediatric Research},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0031-3998},
  doi       = {10.1038/pr.2017.3},
  pages     = {825 -- 830},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: Under normal nutritional and health conditions, body height, weight and head circumference are significantly related. We hypothesize that the apparent general association between weight, height, and head circumference of the growing child might be misleading. METHODS: We reanalyzed data of 7,444 boys and 7,375 girls measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990, aged from 0 to 7 y with measurements of body length/height, leg length, sitting height, biacromial shoulder breadth, thoracic breadth, thoracic depth, thoracic circumference, body weight, head volume, percentage of body fat, and hip skinfold vertical, using principal component analysis. RESULTS: Strong associations exist between skeletal growth, fat accumulation, and head volume increments. Yet in spite of this general proportionality, skeletal growth, fat acquisition, and head growth exhibit different patterns. Three components explain between almost 60\% and more than 75\% of cumulative variance between birth and age 7 y. Parameters of skeletal growth predominantly load on the first component and clearly separate from indicators of fat deposition. After age of 2 y, head volume loads on a separate third component in both sexes indicating independence of head growth. CONCLUSION: Under appropriate nutritional and health circumstances, nutritional status, body size, and head circumference are not related.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerGreil2000,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Greil, Holle},
  title     = {Body measurements, room demand and movement sequences of the elderly},
  isbn      = {953-96073-5-3},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerGniosdorzStaubetal.2014,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Gniosdorz, Birgit and Staub, Kaspar and R{\"u}hli, Frank},
  title     = {Skeletal robustness and bone strength as measured by anthropometry and ultrasonography as a function of physical activity in young adults},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerGniosdorzStaubetal.2014,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Gniosdorz, Birgit and Staub, Kaspar and Ruehli, Frank},
  title     = {Skeletal Robustness and Bone Strength as Measured by Anthropometry and Ultrasonography as a Function of Physical Activity in Young Adults},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-0533},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.22504},
  pages     = {215 -- 220},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: During the last 10 years, skeletal robustness in children has generally decreased. The reasons for this phenomenon, as well as its outcomes, are undetermined so far. Aim: The present study explores the association between anthropometric skeletal measurements, bone quality measurements, and physical activity in young adults. Subjects and Methods: 118 German young men (N=568; 19-25 years old) and women (N=550; 19-24 years old) were investigated by anthropometric methods (i. e., height, weight, shoulder, elbow breadth, and pelvic breadth) and quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS). Strength and stability of Os calcis have been determined by speed of sound (in m/s) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (in dB/Mhz); individual physical activity was analyzed by a pedometer and by questionnaire. Results: The results show a correlation between sports hours per week and bone quality index in males. But no correlation exists between anthropometric data and QUSs for either sexes, as well as no correlation between total steps per day and internal bone quality or external bone dimensions. Conclusion: These results are discussed in the context of generally decreasing physical activity, the outcomes of prevention programs as well as evolutionary adaptation of human phenotypic plasticity in a changing environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerDammhahn2017,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Dammhahn, Melanie},
  title     = {Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-0533},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.23017},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Objectives During the early 1990s, the economic and political situation in eastern Germany changed overnight. Here, we use the rare chance of an experiment-like setting in humans and aim to test whether the rapid change of environmental conditions in eastern Germany in the 1990s led to a change in the sex-specific fat distribution pattern, an endocrine-influenced phenotypic marker. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional data set of 6- to 18-year-old girls and boys measured between 1982-1991 and 1997-2012, we calculated a skinfold ratio of triceps to subscapular and percentage of body fat. Using linear regressions, we tested for differences in percentage of body fat and skinfold ratio between these two time periods. RESULTS We found that the percentage of body fat increased in boys and girls, and they accumulated relatively more fat on extremities than on the trunk in all BMI groups measured after 1997 as compared to those measured between 1982 and 1991. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchefflerBoginHermanussen2020,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Bogin, Barry and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Catch-up growth is a better indicator of undernutrition than thresholds for stunting},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55049},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550495},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Objective: Stunting (height-for-age < -2 SD) is one of the forms of undernutrition and is frequent among children of low- and middle-income countries. But stunting perSe is not a synonym of undernutrition. We investigated association between body height and indicators of energetic undernutrition at three critical thresholds for thinness used in public health: (1) BMI SDS < -2; (2) mid-upper arm circumference divided by height (MUAC (mm) × 10/height (cm) < 1·36) and (3) mean skinfold thickness (SF) < 7 mm and to question the reliability of thresholds as indicators of undernutrition. Design: Cross-sectional study; breakpoint analysis. Setting: Rural and urban regions of Indonesia and Guatemala - different socio-economic status (SES). Participants: 1716 Indonesian children (6·0-13·2 years) and 3838 Guatemalan children (4·0-18·9 years) with up to 50 \% stunted children. Results: When separating the regression of BMI, MUAC or SF, on height into distinguishable segments (breakpoint analysis), we failed to detect relevant associations between height, and BMI, MUAC or SF, even in the thinnest and shortest children. For BMI and SF, the breakpoint analysis either failed to reach statistical significance or distinguished at breakpoints above critical thresholds. For MUAC, the breakpoint analysis yielded negative associations between MUAC/h and height in thin individuals. Only in high SES Guatemalan children, SF and height appeared mildly associated with R2 = 0·017. Conclusions: Currently used lower thresholds of height-for-age (stunting) do not show relevant associations with anthropometric indicators of energetic undernutrition. We recommend using the catch-up growth spurt during early re-feeding instead as immediate and sensitive indicator of past undernourishment. We discuss the primacy of education and social-economic-political-emotional circumstances as responsible factors for stunting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerBoginHermanussen2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Bogin, Barry and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Catch-up growth is a better indicator of undernutrition than thresholds for stunting},
  series = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge ; New York, NY},
  issn      = {1475-2727},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1368980020003067},
  pages     = {52 -- 61},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objective: Stunting (height-for-age < -2 SD) is one of the forms of undernutrition and is frequent among children of low- and middle-income countries. But stunting perSe is not a synonym of undernutrition. We investigated association between body height and indicators of energetic undernutrition at three critical thresholds for thinness used in public health: (1) BMI SDS < -2; (2) mid-upper arm circumference divided by height (MUAC (mm) × 10/height (cm) < 1·36) and (3) mean skinfold thickness (SF) < 7 mm and to question the reliability of thresholds as indicators of undernutrition. Design: Cross-sectional study; breakpoint analysis. Setting: Rural and urban regions of Indonesia and Guatemala - different socio-economic status (SES). Participants: 1716 Indonesian children (6·0-13·2 years) and 3838 Guatemalan children (4·0-18·9 years) with up to 50 \% stunted children. Results: When separating the regression of BMI, MUAC or SF, on height into distinguishable segments (breakpoint analysis), we failed to detect relevant associations between height, and BMI, MUAC or SF, even in the thinnest and shortest children. For BMI and SF, the breakpoint analysis either failed to reach statistical significance or distinguished at breakpoints above critical thresholds. For MUAC, the breakpoint analysis yielded negative associations between MUAC/h and height in thin individuals. Only in high SES Guatemalan children, SF and height appeared mildly associated with R2 = 0·017. Conclusions: Currently used lower thresholds of height-for-age (stunting) do not show relevant associations with anthropometric indicators of energetic undernutrition. We recommend using the catch-up growth spurt during early re-feeding instead as immediate and sensitive indicator of past undernourishment. We discuss the primacy of education and social-economic-political-emotional circumstances as responsible factors for stunting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2001,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Bewegungsmuster in Alltagssituationen},
  series = {Brandenburgische Umwelt-Berichte : BUB ; Schriftenreihe der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult{\"a}t der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Brandenburgische Umwelt-Berichte : BUB ; Schriftenreihe der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult{\"a}t der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  issn      = {1434-2375},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-3933},
  pages     = {94 -- 99},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Types of Body Shape},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {28 -- 29},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler1996,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Entwicklung ausgew{\"a}hlter K{\"o}rpermaße in Bezug zur K{\"o}rperh{\"o}he (Relativmaße) bei Kindern von der Geburt bis zum 3. Lebensjahr},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler1996,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {K{\"o}rperl{\"a}nge, K{\"o}rpermasse und Kopfumfang bei Kindern von der Geburt bis zum 3. Lebensjahr},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Variable and Invariable Proportions in the Ontogenesis of the Human Face},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The change of skeletal robustness of 6 - 12 years old children in Brandenburg (Germany) - Comparison of body composition 1999 - 2009},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {How many skeletons do we need? - An evolutionary approach of the change of skeleton measures in school children in the last decade},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {519 -- 519},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The change of skeletal robustness of 6-12 years old children in Brandenburg (Germany) - Comparison of body composition 1999-2009},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0095},
  pages     = {153 -- 165},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Overweight as a global problem is a challenge to the health systems today and in the future. Detailed information about the development of body composition in children can help to design preventive measures to stop this trend. In the present study 1397 German children aged 6-12 complete years were investigated with anthropometric methods (i.e. height, weight, BMI, skeleton robustness, and percentage of body fat) in 2008/09. The results were compared with a 10 years old identical study. Today, the investigated children are a little bit smaller and the range of BMI and percentage of body fat is increasing. The large decrease of the skeletal robustness especially in the 10(th) and 3(rd) percentile is important. Decrease of physical activity as the most important reason for shrinking skeletal robustness is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Variable and invariable proportions in the ontogenesis of the human face},
  series = {The journal of craniofacial surgery : an international journal dedicated to the practice of the art and science of craniofacial surgery ; official publication of the American Association of Pediatric Plastic Surgeons},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {The journal of craniofacial surgery : an international journal dedicated to the practice of the art and science of craniofacial surgery ; official publication of the American Association of Pediatric Plastic Surgeons},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1049-2275},
  doi       = {10.1097/SCS.0b013e31826d07a3},
  pages     = {237 -- 241},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The human face shows individual features and features that are characteristic for sex and age (the loss of childlike characteristics during maturation). The analysis of facial dimensions is essential for identifying individual features also for forensic issues. The analysis of facial proportions was performed on photogrammetric data from front views of 125 children. The data were pooled from 2 different studies. The children's data were obtained from a longitudinal study and reduced by random generator to ensure the data of adults from a separate cross-sectional study. We applied principal component analysis on photogrammetric facial proportions of 169 individuals: 125 children (63 boys and 62 girls) aged 2-7 years and 44 adults (18 men and 26 women) aged 18-65 years. Facial proportions depend on age and sex. Three components described age: (1) proportions of facial height to head height, (2) proportions that involve endocanthal breadth, and (3) bigonial to bizygonial proportions. Proportions that associate with sex are connected with nasal distances and nasal to bizygonial distances. Twenty-three percent of the variance, particularly variance that are connected with proportions of lower and middle face heights to head height, do neither depend on sex nor on age and thus appear useful for screening purposes, eg, for dysmorphic genetic syndromes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2002,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {A stature of one meter : how is the variability?},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2001,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Bewegungsmuster in Alltagssituationen},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2001,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Vergleich ausgew{\"a}hlter Bewegungsabl{\"a}ufe beim Menschen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Alter und K{\"o}rperbau},
  isbn      = {3-89873-228-2},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2000,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {K{\"o}rperbau, Bewegungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit {\"a}lterer Menschen},
  isbn      = {3-89712-961-2},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Body composition},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {30 -- 31},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Determining body composition in field studies},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {32 -- 33},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2013,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Comparative Biology and Human Life History},
  series = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  journal   = {Auxology : Studying Human Growth and Development},
  editor    = {Hermanussen, Michael},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart Science Publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-510-65278-5},
  pages     = {38 -- 41},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}