@article{WochatzTilgnerMuelleretal.2019,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Tilgner, Nina and Mueller, Steffen and Rabe, Sophie and Eichler, Sarah and John, Michael and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability and validity of the Kinect V2 for the assessment of lower extremity rehabilitation exercises},
  series = {Gait \& posture},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Gait \& posture},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0966-6362},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.020},
  pages     = {330 -- 335},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Research question: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of lower extremity kinematics during squat, hip abduction and lunge exercises captured by the Kinect and to evaluate the agreement to a reference 3D camera-based motion system. Methods: Twenty-one healthy individuals performed five repetitions of each lower limb exercise on two different days. Movements were simultaneously assessed by the Kinect and the reference 3D motion system. Joint angles and positions of the lower limb were calculated for sagittal and frontal plane. For the inter-session reliability and the agreement between the two systems standard error of measurement (SEM), bias with limits of agreement (LoA) and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) were calculated. Results: Parameters indicated varying reliability for the assessed joint angles and positions and decreasing reliability with increasing task complexity. Across all exercises, measurement deviations were shown especially for small movement amplitudes. Variability was acceptable for joint angles and positions during the squat, partially acceptable during the hip abduction and predominately inacceptable during the lunge. The agreement between systems was characterized by systematic errors. Overestimations by the Kinect were apparent for hip flexion during the squat and hip abduction/adduction during the hip abduction exercise as well as for the knee positions during the lunge. Knee and hip flexion during hip abduction and lunge were underestimated by the Kinect. Significance: The Kinect system can reliably assess lower limb joint angles and positions during simple exercises. The validity of the system is however restricted. An application in the field of early orthopedic rehabilitation without further development of post-processing techniques seems so far limited.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WochatzSchraplauEngeletal.2022,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Schraplau, Anne and Engel, Tilman and Zecher, Mahli Megan and Sharon, Hadar and Alt, Yasmin and Mayer, Frank and Kalron, Alon},
  title     = {Application of eccentric training in various clinical populations},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {San Francisco, California, USA},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270875},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WochatzRabeWolteretal.2017,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Rabe, Sophie and Wolter, Martin and Engel, Tilman and Mueller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reproducibility of scapular muscle activity in isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension},
  series = {Journal of electromyography and kinesiology},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Journal of electromyography and kinesiology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1050-6411},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.04.006},
  pages     = {86 -- 92},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Repetitive overhead movements have been identified as a main risk factor to develop shoulder complaints with scapular muscle activity being altered. Reliable assessment of muscle activity is essential to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the intra-and inter-session reliability of scapular muscle activity during maximal isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension. Eleven asymptomatic adults performed maximum effort isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension (concentric and eccentric at 60 degrees/s) in a test-retest design. Muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior was assessed by sEMG. Root Mean Square was calculated for whole ROM and single movement phases of absolute and normalized muscle activity. Absolute (Bland-Altman analysis (Bias, LoA), Minimal detectable change (MDC)) and relative reliability parameters (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV)/test-retest variability (TRV)) were utilized for the evaluation of reproducibility. Intra-session reliability revealed ICCs between 0.56 and 0.98, averaged CVs of 18\% and average MDCs of 81 mV. Inter-session reliability resulted in ICCs between 0.13 and 0.93, averaged TRVs of 21\%, average MDCs of 15\% and systematic and random error between -8 +/- 60\% and 12 +/- 36\%. Scapular muscle activity assessed in overhead movements can be measured reliably under maximum load conditions, though variability is dependent on the movement phase. Measurement variability does not exceed magnitudes of altered scapular muscle activities as reported in previous studies. Therefore, maximum load application is a promising approach for the evaluation of changes in scapular control related to pathologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WochatzRabeWolteretal.2017,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Rabe, Sophie and Wolter, Martin and Engel, Tilman and Mueller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior during unloaded and maximal loaded shoulder flexion and extension},
  series = {International Biomechanics},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {International Biomechanics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2017.1364668},
  pages     = {68 -- 76},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Altered scapular muscle activity is mostly described under unloaded and submaximal loaded conditions in impingement patients. However, there is no clear evidence on muscle activity with respect to movement phases under maximum load in healthy subjects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate scapular muscle activity under unloaded and maximum loaded isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension in regard to the movement phase. Fourteen adults performed unloaded (continuous passive motion [CPM]) as well as maximum loaded (concentric [CON], eccentric [ECC]) isokinetic shoulder flexion (Flex) and extension (Ext). Simultaneously, scapular muscle activity was measured by EMG. Root mean square was calculated for the whole ROM and four movement phases. Data were analyzed descriptively and by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. CPMFlex resulted in a linear increase of muscle activity for all muscles. Muscle activity during CONFlex and ECCFlex resulted in either constant activity levels or in an initial increase followed by a plateau in the second half of movement. CPMExt decreased with the progression of movement, whereas CONExt and ECCExt initially decreased and either levelled off or increased in the second half of movement. Scapular muscle activity of unloaded shoulder flexion and extension changed under maximum load showing increased activity levels and an altered pattern over the course of movement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WochatzRabeEngeletal.2021,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Rabe, Sophie and Engel, Tilman and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded isokinetic concentric and eccentric shoulder flexion and extension movements},
  series = {Journal of electromyography \& kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of electromyography \& kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1050-6411},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102517},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Characterization of scapular kinematics under demanding load conditions might aid to distinguish between physiological and clinically relevant alterations. Previous investigations focused only on submaximal external load situations. How scapular movement changes with maximal load remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate 3D scapular kinematics during unloaded and maximal loaded shoulder flexion and extension. Twelve asymptomatic individuals performed shoulder flexion and extension movements under unloaded and maximal concentric and eccentric loaded isokinetic conditions. 3D scapular kinematics assessed with a motion capture system was analyzed for 20° intervals of humeral positions from 20° to 120° flexion. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to evaluate kinematic differences between load conditions for scapular position angles, scapulohumeral rhythm and scapular motion extent. Increased scapular upward rotation was seen during shoulder flexion and extension as well as decreased posterior tilt and external rotation during eccentric and concentric arm descents of maximal loaded compared to unloaded conditions. Load effects were further seen for the scapulohumeral rhythm with greater scapular involvement at lower humeral positions and increased scapular motion extent under maximal loaded shoulder movements. With maximal load applied to the arm physiological scapular movement pattern are induced that may imply both impingement sparing and causing mechanisms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WochatzKopinskiEngeletal.2014,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Kopinski, Stephan and Engel, Tilman and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Flexion-extension ratio of trunk peak torque measures and antagonistic activity in males and females},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {148 -- 148},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WochatzEngelMuelleretal.2020,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Engel, Tilman and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Alterations in scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity after fatiguing shoulder flexion and extension movements},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000676540.02017.2c},
  pages     = {274 -- 274},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Repetitive overhead motions in combination with heavy loading were identified as risk factors for the development of shoulder pain. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Altered scapular kinematics as a result of muscle fatigue is suspected to be a contributor. PURPOSE: To determine scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity at the beginning and end of constant shoulder flexion and extension loading in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: Eleven asymptomatic adults (28±4yrs; 1.74±0.13m; 74±16kg) underwent maximum isokinetic loading of shoulder flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT) in the sagittal plane (ROM: 20- 180°; concentric mode; 180°/s) until individual peak torque was reduced by 50\%. Simultaneously 3D scapular kinematics were assessed with a motion capture system and scapular muscle activity with a 3-lead sEMG of upper and lower trapezius (UT, LT) and serratus anterior (SA). Scapular position angles were calculated for every 20° increment between 20-120° humerothoracic positions. Muscle activity was quantified by amplitudes (RMS) of the total ROM. Descriptive analyses (mean±SD) of kinematics and muscle activity at begin (taskB) and end (taskE) of the loading task was followed by ANOVA and paired t-tests. RESULTS: At taskB activity ranged from 589±343mV to 605±250mV during FLX and from 105±41mV to 164±73mV during EXT across muscles. At taskE activity ranged from 594±304mV to 875±276mV during FLX and from 97±33mV to 147±57mV during EXT. Differences with increased muscle activity were seen for LT and UT during FLX (meandiff= 141±113mV for LT, p<0.01; 191±153mV for UT, p<0.01). Scapula position angles continuously increased in upward rotation, posterior tilt and external rotation during FLX and reversed during EXT both at taskB and taskE. At taskE scapula showed greater external rotation (meandiff= 3.6±3.7°, p<0.05) during FLX and decreased upward rotation (meandiff= 1.9±2.3°, p<0.05) and posterior tilt (meandiff= 1.0±2.1°, p<0.05) during EXT across humeral positions. CONCLUSIONS: Force reduction in consequence of fatiguing shoulder loading results in increased scapular muscle activity and minor alterations in scapula motion. Whether even small changes have a clinical impact by creating unfavorable subacromial conditions potentially initiating pain remains unclear.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WochatzCasselKoenigetal.2013,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Cassel, Michael and K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Fr{\"o}hlich, Katja and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and inter-observer variability of a retrospective analysis of achilles tendon ultrasound scans},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {239 -- 239},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WippertPuschmannSchiltenwolfetal.2016,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Wiebking, Christine and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {BACK PAIN: THE STUDY OF MECHANISMS AND THE TRANSLATION IN INTERVENTIONS WITHIN THE MISPEX NETWORK},
  series = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume    = {78},
  journal   = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  pages     = {A91 -- A91},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WippertPuschmannDriessleinetal.2017,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Drießlein, David and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Banzer, Winfried and Beck, Heidrun and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Schmidt, Hendrik and Schneider, Christian and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Development of a risk stratification and prevention index for stratified care in chronic low back pain. Focus: yellow flags (MiSpEx network)},
  series = {Pain reports},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Pain reports},
  publisher = {Wolters Kluwer Health},
  address   = {Riverwoods, IL},
  doi       = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000000623},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability; early diagnosis and stratification of care remain challenges. Objectives: This article describes the development of a screening tool for the 1-year prognosis of patients with high chronic LBP risk (risk stratification index) and for treatment allocation according to treatment-modifiable yellow flag indicators (risk prevention indices, RPI-S). Methods: Screening tools were derived from a multicentre longitudinal study (n = 1071, age >18, intermittent LBP). The greatest prognostic predictors of 4 flag domains ("pain," "distress," "social-environment," "medical care-environment") were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. Internal validity and prognosis error were evaluated after 1-year follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curves for discrimination (area under the curve) and cutoff values were determined. Results: The risk stratification index identified persons with increased risk of chronic LBP and accurately estimated expected pain intensity and disability on the Pain Grade Questionnaire (0-100 points) up to 1 year later with an average prognosis error of 15 points. In addition, 3-risk classes were discerned with an accuracy of area under the curve = 0.74 (95\% confidence interval 0.63-0.85). The RPI-S also distinguished persons with potentially modifiable prognostic indicators from 4 flag domains and stratified allocation to biopsychosocial treatments accordingly. Conclusion: The screening tools, developed in compliance with the PROGRESS and TRIPOD statements, revealed good validation and prognostic strength. These tools improve on existing screening tools because of their utility for secondary preventions, incorporation of exercise effect modifiers, exact pain estimations, and personalized allocation to multimodal treatments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WippertPuschmannArampatzisetal.2017,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Diagnosis of psychosocial risk factors in prevention of low back pain in athletes (MiSpEx)},
  series = {BMJ Open Sport \& Exercise Medicine},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {BMJ Open Sport \& Exercise Medicine},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2055-7647},
  doi       = {10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000295},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common pain syndrome in athletes, responsible for 28\% of missed training days/year. Psychosocial factors contribute to chronic pain development. This study aims to investigate the transferability of psychosocial screening tools developed in the general population to athletes and to define athlete-specific thresholds. Methods Data from a prospective multicentre study on LBP were collected at baseline and 1-year follow-up (n=52 athletes, n=289 recreational athletes and n=246 non-athletes). Pain was assessed using the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire. The psychosocial Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was used to obtain prognostic information regarding the risk of chronic LBP (CLBP). Individual psychosocial risk profile was gained with the Risk Prevention Index - Social (RPI-S). Differences between groups were calculated using general linear models and planned contrasts. Discrimination thresholds for athletes were defined with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results Athletes and recreational athletes showed significantly lower psychosocial risk profiles and prognostic risk for CLBP than non-athletes. ROC curves suggested discrimination thresholds for athletes were different compared with non-athletes. Both screenings demonstrated very good sensitivity (RSI=100\%; RPI-S: 75\%-100\%) and specificity (RSI: 76\%-93\%; RPI-S: 71\%-93\%). RSI revealed two risk classes for pain intensity (area under the curve (AUC) 0.92(95\% CI 0.85 to 1.0)) and pain disability (AUC 0.88(95\% CI 0.71 to 1.0)). Conclusions Both screening tools can be used for athletes. Athlete-specific thresholds will improve physicians' decision making and allow stratified treatment and prevention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WippertNiedererDriessleinetal.2020,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Niederer, Daniel and Drießlein, David and Beck, Heidrun and Banzer, Winfried Eberhard and Schneider, Christian and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Psychosocial Moderators and Mediators of Sensorimotor Exercise in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {1664-0640},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629474},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The effects of exercise interventions on unspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) have been investigated in many studies, but the results are inconclusive regarding exercise types, efficiency, and sustainability. This may be because the influence of psychosocial factors on exercise induced adaptation regarding CLBP is neglected. Therefore, this study assessed psychosocial characteristics, which moderate and mediate the effects of sensorimotor exercise on LBP. A single-blind 3-arm multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted for 12-weeks. Three exercise groups, sensorimotor exercise (SMT), sensorimotor and behavioral training (SMT-BT), and regular routines (CG) were randomly assigned to 662 volunteers. Primary outcomes (pain intensity and disability) and psychosocial characteristics were assessed at baseline (M1) and follow-up (3/6/12/24 weeks, M2-M5). Multiple regression models were used to analyze whether psychosocial characteristics are moderators of the relationship between exercise and pain, meaning that psychosocial factors and exercise interact. Causal mediation analysis were conducted to analyze, whether psychosocial characteristics mediate the exercise effect on pain. A total of 453 participants with intermittent pain (mean age = 39.5 ± 12.2 years, f = 62\%) completed the training. It was shown, that depressive symptomatology (at M4, M5), vital exhaustion (at M4), and perceived social support (at M5) are significant moderators of the relationship between exercise and the reduction of pain intensity. Further depressive mood (at M4), social-satisfaction (at M4), and anxiety (at M5 SMT) significantly moderate the exercise effect on pain disability. The amount of moderation was of clinical relevance. In contrast, there were no psychosocial variables which mediated exercise effects on pain. In conclusion it was shown, that psychosocial variables can be moderators in the relationship between sensorimotor exercise induced adaptation on CLBP which may explain conflicting results in the past regarding the merit of exercise interventions in CLBP. Results suggest further an early identification of psychosocial risk factors by diagnostic tools, which may essential support the planning of personalized exercise therapy. Level of Evidence: Level I. Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00004977, LOE: I, MiSpEx: grant-number: 080102A/11-14. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML\&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00004977.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WippertDeWittHubertsKlipkeretal.2015,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Klipker, Kathrin and Gantz, Simone and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Development and content of the behavioral therapy module of the MiSpEx intervention. Randomized, controlled trial on chronic nonspecific low back pain},
  series = {Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der {\"O}sterreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Vereinigung f{\"u}r Schmerztherapie},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der {\"O}sterreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Vereinigung f{\"u}r Schmerztherapie},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0932-433X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00482-015-0044-y},
  pages     = {658 -- 663},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Back pain is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond a simple medical diagnosis. The aetiology and chronification of back pain can be best described as an interaction between biological, psychological, and social processes. However, to date, multimodal prevention and intervention programs for back pain that target all three aetiological factors have demonstrated limited effectiveness. This lack of supportive evidence for multimodal programmes in the treatment of back pain could be due to the fact that few programs are suitable for long-term and unsupervised use in everyday life. Moreover, in combining the elements from various therapies, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of the separate components. In this contribution, we will describe the development of a new multimodal intervention for back pain that set out to address these limitations. To this end, the biological elements of neuromuscular adaptation is supplemented with cognitive behavioral and psychophysiological techniques in an intervention that can be followed at home as well as in clinics, and that is suitable for all grades of pain. The efficacy of this intervention will be tested in a multicentric randomized controlled longitudinal trial (n = 714) at five time points over a period of 6 months. Here we will describe the development and the content of this new intervention.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{WippertDeWittHubertsHonoldetal.2014,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Honold, Jasmin and Holzmann, Caroline and Rector, Michael V. and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Chronic stress measurement methods and their comparability},
  series = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume    = {76},
  booktitle = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  pages     = {A129 -- A129},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WippertArampatzisBanzeretal.2019,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Banzer, Winfried and Beck, Heidrun and Hasenbring, Monika Ilona and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Schneider, Christian and Stengel, Dirk and Platen, Petra and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren in der Entstehung von chronisch unspezifischen R{\"u}ckenschmerzen},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1612-5010},
  doi       = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000245},
  pages     = {25 -- 35},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Chronisch unspezifische R{\"u}ckenschmerzen (CURS) geh{\"o}ren international zu den h{\"a}ufigsten Schmerzph{\"a}nomenen und k{\"o}nnen f{\"u}r Athletinnen und Athleten karrierelimitierend sein. Knapp ein Drittel der j{\"a}hrlichen Trainingsausfallzeiten werden auf CURS zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. In der Entstehung von chronischen Schmerzen ist ein multifaktorielles {\"A}tiologiemodell mit einem signifikanten Einfluss psychosozialer Risikofaktoren evident. Obwohl dies in der Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung bereits gut erforscht ist, gibt es in der Sportwissenschaft vergleichsweise wenige Arbeiten dar{\"u}ber. Dieses Thema wird daher in drei Multicenterstudien und zahlreichen Teilstudien des MiSpEx-Netzwerks (Medicine in Spine-Exercise-Network, F{\"o}rderzeitraum 2011 - 2018) aufgegriffen. Entsprechend der Empfehlung einer fr{\"u}hzeitigen Diagnostik von Chronifizierungsfaktoren in der „Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie Kreuzschmerz", besch{\"a}ftigt sich das Netzwerk u. a. mit der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung, Entwicklung und Evaluation diagnostischer M{\"o}glichkeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Diagnostik von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren, die einerseits eine Einsch{\"a}tzung des Risikos der Entwicklung von CURS und andererseits eine individuelle Zuweisung zu (Trainings)Interventionen erlaubt. Es wird die Entwicklungsrationale beschrieben und dabei verschiedene methodische Herangehensweisen und Entscheidungssequenzen reflektiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{WernickeCarlsohnHeydenreichetal.2013,
  author    = {Wernicke, Sarah and Carlsohn, Anja and Heydenreich, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Does the copenhagen soccer test induce a repeated bout effect? - a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {169 -- 169},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WeberMuellerOttoetal.2012,
  author    = {Weber, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Otto, Christoph and Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Test-retest-reliability of metabolic and cardiovascular load during isokinetic strength testing},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {375 -- 376},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WangMayerDorenkampetal.2012,
  author    = {Wang, Victor C. and Mayer, Frank and Dorenkamp, Marc and Bonaventura, Klaus},
  title     = {Three-dimensional global area tracking is a valuable quantitative parameter for left ventricular function in athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {850 -- 850},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WahmkowCasselMayeretal.2017,
  author    = {Wahmkow, Gunnar and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {Effects of different medial arch support heights on rearfoot kinematics},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {Lawrence, Kan.},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0172334},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Foot orthoses are usually assumed to be effective by optimizing mechanically dynamic rearfoot configuration. However, the effect from a foot orthosis on kinematics that has been demonstrated scientifically has only been marginal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different heights in medial arch-supported foot orthoses on rear foot motion during gait. Methods Nineteen asymptomatic runners (36±11years, 180±5cm, 79±10kg; 41±22km/week) participated in the study. Trials were recorded at 3.1 mph (5 km/h) on a treadmill. Athletes walked barefoot and with 4 different not customized medial arch-supported foot orthoses of various arch heights (N:0 mm, M:30 mm, H:35 mm, E:40mm). Six infrared cameras and the `Oxford Foot Model´ were used to capture motion. The average stride in each condition was calculated from 50 gait cycles per condition. Eversion excursion and internal tibia rotation were analyzed. Descriptive statistics included calculating the mean ± SD and 95\% CIs. Group differences by condition were analyzed by one factor (foot orthoses) repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results Eversion excursion revealed the lowest values for N and highest for H (B:4.6°±2.2°; 95\% CI [3.1;6.2]/N:4.0°±1.7°; [2.9;5.2]/M:5.2°±2.6°; [3.6;6.8]/H:6.2°±3.3°; [4.0;8.5]/E:5.1°±3.5°; [2.8;7.5]) (p>0.05). Range of internal tibia rotation was lowest with orthosis H and highest with E (B:13.3°±3.2°; 95\% CI [11.0;15.6]/N:14.5°±7.2°; [9.2;19.6]/M:13.8°±5.0°; [10.8;16.8]/H:12.3°±4.3°; [9.0;15.6]/E:14.9°±5.0°; [11.5;18.3]) (p>0.05). Differences between conditions were small and the intrasubject variation high. Conclusion Our results indicate that different arch support heights have no systematic effect on eversion excursion or the range of internal tibia rotation and therefore might not exert a crucial influence on rear foot alignment during gait.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VerchHirschmuellerMuelleretal.2018,
  author    = {Verch, Ronald and Hirschm{\"u}ller, Anja and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Steffen},
  title     = {Is in-toing gait physiological in children?},
  series = {Gait \& posture},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Gait \& posture},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0966-6362},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.019},
  pages     = {70 -- 75},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Research question: This study aimed to establish reference values in 1-14 year old healthy children and to implement FPA-percentile curves for daily clinical use. Methods: 5910 healthy children performed at least 3 repetitions of barefoot walking over an instrumented walkway using a pressure measurement platform. The FPA [degrees] was extracted and analyzed by age and gender (mean +/- standard deviation; median with percentiles, MANOVA (age, gender) and Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test for intra-individual side differences (alpha = 0.05). Results: FPA maximum was observed in 2-year-old children and diminished significant until the age of 4 to moderate out-toeing. For ages 5-14, no statistically significant differences in FPA values were present (p > 0.05). MANOVA confirmed age (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.001) as significant FPA influencing factors, without combined effect (p > 0.05). In every age group, right feet showed significantly greater out-toeing (p < 0.05). Significance: Percentile values indicate a wide FPA range in children. FPA development in young children shows a spontaneous shift towards moderate external rotation (age 2-4), whereby in-toeing <= 1-5 degrees can be present, but can return to normal. Bilateral in-toeing after the age of four and unilateral in-toeing after the age of seven should be monitored.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TorlakTorlakAppiahDwomohetal.2014,
  author    = {Torlak, Firdevs and Torlak, Firdevs and Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and Engel, Tilman and Stoll, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Gender differences in lower leg muscular activity during provoked stumbling - a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {728 -- 728},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SilveiraCarlsohnLangenetal.2014,
  author    = {Silveira, Raul De Souza and Carlsohn, Anja and Langen, Georg and Otto, Christoph and Hain, Gerrit and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {631 -- 632},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SilveiraCarlsohnLangenetal.2016,
  author    = {Silveira, Raul De Souza and Carlsohn, Anja and Langen, Georg and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike},
  title     = {Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry},
  series = {Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1550-2783},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12970-016-0115-1},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Exercising at intensities where fat oxidation rates are high has been shown to induce metabolic benefits in recreational and health-oriented sportsmen. The exercise intensity (Fat(peak)) eliciting peak fat oxidation rates is therefore of particular interest when aiming to prescribe exercise for the purpose of fat oxidation and related metabolic effects. Although running and walking are feasible and popular among the target population, no reliable protocols are available to assess Fat(peak) as well as its actual velocity (VPFO) during treadmill ergometry. Our purpose was therefore, to assess the reliability and day-to-day variability of VPFO and Fat(peak) during treadmill ergometry running. Conclusion: In summary, relative and absolute reliability indicators for V-PFO and Fat(peak) were found to be excellent. The observed LoA may now serve as a basis for future training prescriptions, although fat oxidation rates at prolonged exercise bouts at this intensity still need to be investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchraplauSonnenburgWochatzetal.2020,
  author    = {Schraplau, Anne and Sonnenburg, Dominik and Wochatz, Monique and Engel, Tilman and Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Risch, Lucie and Kaplick, Hannes and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Characterization of muscle damage and inflammation following repeated maximal eccentric loading of the trunk},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {7S},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000679532.65880.af},
  pages     = {497 -- 497},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Eccentric exercises (ECC) induce reversible muscle damage, delayed-onset muscle soreness and an inflammatory reaction that is often followed by a systemic anti-inflammatory response. Thus, ECC might be beneficial for treatment of metabolic disorders which are frequently accompanied by a low-grade systemic inflammation. However, extent and time course of a systemic immune response after repeated ECC bouts are poorly characterized. PURPOSE: To analyze the (anti-)inflammatory response after repeated ECC loading of the trunk. METHODS: Ten healthy participants (33 ± 6 y; 173 ± 14 cm; 74 ± 16 kg) performed three isokinetic strength measurements of the trunk (concentric (CON), ECC1, ECC2, each 2 wks apart; flexion/extension, velocity 60°/s, 120s MVC). Pre- and 4, 24, 48, 72, 168h post-exercise, muscle soreness (numeric rating scale, NRS) was assessed and blood samples were taken and analyzed [Creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. Statistics were done by Friedman's test with Dunn's post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS: Mean peak torque was higher during ECC1 (319 ± 142 Nm) than during CON (268 ± 108 Nm; p<.05) and not different between ECC1 and ECC2 (297 ± 126 Nm; p>.05). Markers of muscle damage (peaks post-ECC1: NRS 48h, 4.4±2.9; CK 72h, 14407 ± 19991 U/l) were higher after ECC1 than after CON and ECC2 (p<.05). The responses over 72h (stated as Area under the Curve, AUC) were abolished after ECC2 compared to ECC1 (p<.05) indicating the presence of the repeated bout effect. CRP levels were not changed. IL-6 levels increased 2-fold post-ECC1 (pre: 0.5 ± 0.4 vs. 72h: 1.0 ± 0.8 pg/ml). The IL-6 response was enhanced after ECC1 (AUC 61 ± 37 pg/ml*72h) compared to CON (AUC 33 ± 31 pg/ml*72h; p<.05). After ECC2, the IL-6 response (AUC 43 ± 25 pg/ml*72h) remained lower than post-ECC1, but the difference was not statistically significant. Serum levels of TNF-α and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were below detection limits. Overall, markers of muscle damage and immune response showed high inter-individual variability. CONCLUSION: Despite maximal ECC loading of a large muscle group, no anti-inflammatory and just weak inflammatory responses were detected in healthy adults. Whether ECC elicits a different reaction in inflammatory clinical conditions is unclear.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraplauBlockHaeusleretal.2021,
  author    = {Schraplau, Anne and Block, Andrea and H{\"a}usler, Andreas and Wippert, Pia-Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Bonaventura, Klaus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study},
  series = {Pilot and Feasibility Studies},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Pilot and Feasibility Studies},
  publisher = {BioMed Central (Springer Nature)},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2055-5784},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS. Methods In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis. Discussion The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchomoellerWeisvonBarbyetal.2019,
  author    = {Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Weis, Katharina and von Barby, Reena and H{\"u}bler, Axel and Mayer, Frank and Erler, Thomas},
  title     = {Restless legs syndrome in childhood and adolescence},
  series = {Somnologie : Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM)},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Somnologie : Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM)},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1432-9123},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11818-018-0188-y},
  pages     = {104 -- 108},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchomoellerSchugardtKotschetal.2021,
  author    = {Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Schugardt, Monique and Kotsch, Peggy and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {The effect of body composition on cycling power during an incremental test in young athletes},
  series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength \& Conditioning Association},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength \& Conditioning Association},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1064-8011},
  doi       = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000003271},
  pages     = {3225 -- 3231},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Schomoller, A, Schugardt, M, Kotsch, P, and Mayer, F. The effect of body composition on cycling power during an incremental test in young athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3225-3231, 2021-As body composition (BC) is a modifiable factor influencing sports performance, it is of interest for athletes and coaches to optimize BC to fulfill the specific physical demands of one sport discipline. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of body fat (BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) on aerobic performance in young athletes. Body composition parameters were evaluated among gender and age groups of young athletes undergoing their mandatory health examination. The maximal power (in Watts per kilogram body mass) of a stepwise incremental ergometer test was compared between 6 BC types: high BF, high FFM, high BF and high FFM, normal BC values, low BF, and low FFM. With increasing age (11-13 vs. 14-16 years) BF decreased and FFM increased in both genders. Both BC parameters, as well as body mass, correlated moderately with performance output (r = 0.36-0.6). Subjects with high BF or high FFM or both had significantly lower ergometer test results compared with those with low BF and FFM in all age and gender groups (p < 0.05). The finding that high levels of BF and FFM are detrimental for cycle power output is important to consider in disciplines that demand high levels of aerobic and anaerobic performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchomoellerRischKaplicketal.2021,
  author    = {Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Risch, Lucie and Kaplick, Hannes and Wochatz, Monique and Engel, Tilman and Schraplau, Anne and Sonnenburg, Dominik and Huppertz, Alexander and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Inter-rater and inter-session reliability of lumbar paraspinal muscle composition in a mobile MRI device},
  series = {BJR : an international journal of radiology, radiation oncology and all related sciences / British Institute of Radiology},
  volume    = {94},
  journal   = {BJR : an international journal of radiology, radiation oncology and all related sciences / British Institute of Radiology},
  number    = {1127},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Bognor Regis},
  issn      = {0007-1285},
  doi       = {10.1259/bjr.20210141},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objective: To assess the reliability of measurements of paraspinal muscle transverse relaxation times (T2 times) between two observers and within one observer on different time points. <br /> Methods: 14 participants (9f/5m, 33 +/- 5 years, 176 +/- 10 cm, 73 +/- 12 kg) underwent 2 consecutive MRI scans (M1,M2) on the same day, followed by 1 MRI scan 13-14 days later (M3) in a mobile 1.5 Tesla MRI. T2 times were calculated in T-2 weighted turbo spin- echo-sequences at the spinal level of the third lumbar vertebrae (11 slices, 2 mm slice thickness, 1 mm interslice gap, echo times: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ms) for M. erector spinae (ES) and M. multifidius (MF). The following reliability parameter were calculated for the agreement of T2 times between two different investigators (OBS1 \& OBS2) on the same MRI (inter rater reliability, IR) and by one investigator between different MRI of the same participant (intersession variability, IS): Test-Retest Variability (TRV, Differences/Mean*100); Coefficient of Variation (CV, Standard deviation/Mean*100); Bland-Altman Analysis (systematic bias = Mean of the Differences; Upper/Lower Limits of Agreement = Bias+/-1.96*SD); Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 3.1 (ICC) with absolute agreement, as well as its 95\% confidence interval. <br /> Results: Mean TRV for IR was 2.6\% for ES and 4.2\% for MF. Mean TRV for IS was 3.5\% (ES) and 5.1\% (MF). Mean CV for IR was 1.9 (ES) and 3.0 (MF). Mean CV for IS was 2.5\% (ES) and 3.6\% (MF). A systematic bias of 1.3 ms (ES) and 2.1 ms (MF) were detected for IR and a systematic bias of 0.4 ms (ES) and 0.07 ms (MF) for IS. ICC for IR was 0.94 (ES) and 0.87 (MF). ICC for IS was 0.88 (ES) and 0.82 (MF). <br /> Conclusion: Reliable assessment of paraspinal muscle T2 time justifies its use for scientific purposes. The applied technique could be recommended to use for future studies that aim to assess changes of T2 times, e.g. after an intense bout of eccentric exercises.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchomoellerRischKaplicketal.2020,
  author    = {Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Risch, Lucie and Kaplick, Hannes and Schraplau, Anne and Wochatz, Monique and Engel, Tilman and Sonnenburg, Dominik and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Changes in paraspinal muscle T2 times and creatine kinase after a bout of eccentric exercise},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000685648.68626.f1},
  pages     = {929 -- 929},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Eccentric (ECC) exercises might cause muscle damage, characterized by delayed-onset muscle soreness, elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels and local muscle oedema, shown by elevated T2 times in magnet resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Previous research suggests a high inter-individual difference regarding these systemic and local responses to eccentric workload. PURPOSE: To analyze ECC exercise-induced muscle damage in lumbar paraspinal muscles assessed via MRI. METHODS: Ten participants (3f/7m; 33±6y; 174±8cm; 71±12kg) were included in the study. Quantitative paraspinal muscle constitution of M. erector spinae and M. multifidius were assessed in supine position before and 72h after an intense eccentric trunk exercise bout in a mobile 1.5 tesla MRI device. MRI scans were recorded on spinal level L3 (T2-weighted TSE echo sequences, 11 slices, 2mm slice thickness, 3mm gap, echo times: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100ms, TR time: 2500ms). Muscle T2 times were calculated for manually traced regions of interest of the respective muscles with an imaging software. The exercise protocol was performed in an isokinetic device and consisted of 120sec alternating ECC trunk flexion-extension with maximal effort. Venous blood samples were taken before and 72h after the ECC exercise. Descriptive statistics (mean±SD) and t-testing for pre-post ECC exercises were performed. RESULTS: T2 times increased from pre- to post-ECC MRI measurements from 55±3ms to 79±28ms in M. erector spinae and from 62±5ms to 78±24ms in M. multifidius (p<0.001). CK increased from 126±97 U/L to 1447±20579 U/L. High SDs of T2 time and CK in post-ECC measures could be due to inter-individual reactions to ECC exercises. 3 participants showed high local and systemic reactions (HR) with T2 time increases of 120±24\% (M. erector spinae) and 73±50\% (M. multifidius). In comparison, the remaining 7 participants showed increases of 11±12\% (M. erector spinae) and 7±9\% (M. multifidius) in T2 time. Mean CK increased 9.5-fold in the 3 HR subjects compared with the remaining 7 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The 120sec maximal ECC trunk flexion-extension protocol induced high amounts of muscle damage in 3 participants. Moderate to low responses were found in the remaining 7 subjects, assuming that inter-individual predictors play a role regarding physiological responses to ECC workload.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScharhagRosenbergerWochatzOttoetal.2014,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Wochatz, Monique and Otto, Christoph and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Blood lactate concentrations are mildly affected by mobile gas exchange measurements},
  series = {International journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {International journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0172-4622},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0033-1354386},
  pages     = {590 -- 594},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {We sought to investigate the effects of wearing a mobile respiratory gas analysis system during a treadmill test on blood lactate (bLa) concentrations and commonly applied bLa thresholds. A total of 16 recreational athletes (31 +/- 3 years, V0205: 58 6 ml min(-1)-kg(-1)) performed one multistage treadmill test with and one without gas exchange measurements (GEM and noGEM). The whole bLa curve, the lactate threshold (LT), the individual anaerobic thresholds according to Stegmann(IAT(sr)) and Dickhuth (IAT(Di)), and a fixed bLa concentration of 4 mmob.l(-1) (OBLA) were evaluated. The bLa curve was shifted slightly leftward in GEM compared to noGEM (P<0.05), whereas the heart rate response was not different between conditions (P= 0.89). There was no difference between GEM and noGEM for LT (2.61 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.64 +/- 0.39 m(-1) s(-1) P=0.49) and IAT(st) (3.47 +/- 0.42 vs. 3.55 +/- 0.47m-s(-1), P=0.12). However, IATD(Di) (3.57 +/- 0.39 vs. 3.66 +/- 0.44m-s(-1), P<0.01) and OBLA (3.85 +/- 0.46 vs. 3.96 +/- 0.47m-s-1, P<0.01) occurred at slower running velocities in GEM. The bLa response to treadmill tests is mildly affected by wearing a mobile gas analysis system. This also applies to bLa thresholds located at higher exercise intensities. While the magnitude of the effects is of little importance for recreational athletes, it might be relevant for elite athletes and scientific studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnSchueleretal.2012,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Sch{\"u}ler, Stefan and Lundby, Carsten and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Physiological changes over four maximal incremental cycling tests within one day},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {933 -- 934},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnLundbyetal.2014,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Lundby, Carsten and Schueler, Stefan and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Can more than one incremental cycling test be performed within one day?},
  series = {European journal of sport science : official journal of the European College of Sport Science},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {European journal of sport science : official journal of the European College of Sport Science},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1746-1391},
  doi       = {10.1080/17461391.2013.853208},
  pages     = {459 -- 467},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Changes in performance parameters over four consecutive maximal incremental cycling tests were investigated to determine how many tests can be performed within one single day without negatively affecting performance. Sixteen male and female subjects (eight trained (T): 25 +/- 3 yr, BMI 22.6 +/- 2.5 kg center dot m(-2), maximal power output (P-max) 4.6 +/- 0.5 W center dot kg(-1); eight untrained (UT): 27 +/- 3 yr, BMI 22.3 +/- 1.2 kg center dot m(-2), P-max 2.9 +/- 0.3 W center dot kg(-1)) performed four successive maximal incremental cycling tests separated by 1.5 h of passive rest. Individual energy requirements were covered by standardised meals between trials. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) remained unchanged over the four tests in both groups (P = 0.20 and P = 0.33, respectively). P-max did not change in the T group (P = 0.32), but decreased from the third test in the UT group (P < 0.01). Heart rate responses to submaximal exercise were elevated from the third test in the T group and from the second test in the UT group (P < 0.05). The increase in blood lactate shifted rightward over the four tests in both groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Exercise-induced net increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine were not different between the tests in either group (P 0.15). If VO2max is the main parameter of interest, trained and untrained individuals can perform at least four maximal incremental cycling tests per day. However, because other parameters changed after the first and second test, respectively, no more than one test per day should be performed if parameters other than VO2max are the prime focus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnCasseletal.2011,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {How to test maximal oxygen uptake a study on timing and testing procedure of a supramaximal verification test},
  series = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliqu{\´e}e, nutrition et m{\´e}tabolisme},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliqu{\´e}e, nutrition et m{\´e}tabolisme},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {NRC Research Press},
  address   = {Ottawa},
  issn      = {1715-5312},
  doi       = {10.1139/H10-099},
  pages     = {153 -- 160},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {On utilise de plus en plus les tests de verification pour confirmer l'atteinte du consommation d'oxygene maximale (VO(2 max)). Toutefois, le moment et les methodes d'evaluation varient d'un groupe de travail a l'autre. Les objectifs de cette etude sont de constater si on peut administrer un test de verification apres un test d'effort progressif ou s'il est preferable de le faire une autre journee et si on peut determiner le VO(2 max) tout de meme lors de la premiere seance chez des sujets ne repondant pas au critere de verification. Quarante sujets (age, 24 +/- 4 ans; VO(2 max), 50 +/- 7 mL center dot min(-1)center dot kg(-1)) participent a un test d'effort progressif sur tapis roulant et, 10 min plus tard, a un test de verification (VerifDay1) a 110 \% de la velocite maximale (v(max)). Le critere de verification est un VO(2) de pointe au VerifDay1 < 5,5 \% a la valeur retenue au test d'effort progressif. Les sujets ne repondant pas au critere de verification passent un autre test de verification, mais a 115 \% du VerifDay1', et ce, 10 min plus tard pour confirmer le VO(2) de pointe du VerifDay1 en tant que VO(2 max). Tous les autres sujets repassent le VerifDay1 a un jour different (VerifDay2). Six sujets sur quarante ne repondent pas au critere de verification. Chez quatre d'entre eux, on confirme l'atteinte du VO(2 max) au VerifDay1'. Le VO(2) de pointe au VerifDay1 est equivalent a celui du VerifDay2 (3722 +/- 991 mL center dot min(-1) comparativement a 3752 +/- 995 mL center dot min(-1), p = 0,56), mais le temps jusqu'a l'epuisement est significativement plus long au VerifDay2 (2:06 +/- 0:22 min:s comparativement a 2:42 +/- 0:38 min:s, p < 0,001, n = 34). Le VO(2) de pointe obtenu au test de verification ne semble pas conditionne par un test d'effort progressif maximal prealable. On peut donc realiser le test d'effort progressif et le test de verification lors de la meme seance d'evaluation. Chez presque tous les individus ne repondant pas au critere de verification, on peut determiner le VO(2 max) au moyen d'un autre test de verification plus intense.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ScharhagKnebelMayeretal.2011,
  author    = {Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen and Knebel, F. and Mayer, Frank and Kindermann, Wilfried},
  title     = {Does marathon running damage the heart? - an update},
  series = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Deutsche Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (Deutscher Sport{\"a}rztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sportmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {WWF-Verl.-Ges.},
  address   = {Greven},
  issn      = {0344-5925},
  pages     = {293 -- 298},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Since the legend of the ancient Marathon run, the risk of endurance exercise-induced cardiovascular damage or sudden cardiac death is discussed. In recent studies, the exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in endurance athletes as well as acute alterations in cardiac function and cardiovascular abnormalities have been reported. As elevations of the cardiac biomarkers troponin and BM) have been observed frequently for the vast majority of athletes after Marathon runs or strenuous exercise bouts followed by a decrease within a short period, a physiological reaction rather than a pathologicial cause is presumed. Also a transient decrease of cardiac function demonstrated by newer echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler or speckle tracking imaging, 3D echocardiography) after strenuous exercise often termed "cardiac fatigue" should not be considered necessarily as pathologic, as cardiac function also depends on hemodynamic load and heart rate. Furthermore, exercise-induced changes in cardiac function did not correlate with exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in most studies. The functional cardiac alterations can also be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after Marathon runs. However, no signs of acute or chronic myocardial damage have been demonstrated in MRI studies in cardiovascular healthy athletes after running a Marathon, although especially in older athletes undetected cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease or myocardial necrosis or fibrosis can be present. hi conclusion, according to recent studies. there seems to be a lack of evidence to support endurance exercise-induced cardiac damage in the healthy heart which is adapted tostrenous exercise by regular endurance training. Nevertheless, as running a Marathon results in a high cardiac load, a sufficient endurance training period as well as a preparticipation or regular medical screening to exclude relevant congenital or aquired cardiovascular diseases is recommended from a sports cardiology perspective to exclude relevant congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ScharhagHotzkowKopinskietal.2012,
  author    = {Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen and Hotzkow, Kristin and Kopinski, Stephan and Barche, Martin and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Echocardiographic 3d speckle tracking values on cardiac wall motion in elite adult, adolescent and pediatric athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {241 -- 241},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RischWochatzMesserschmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Wochatz, Monique and Messerschmidt, Janin and Engel, Tilman and Mayer, Frank and Cassel, Michael},
  title     = {Reliability of evaluating achilles tendon vascularization assessed with doppler ultrasound advanced dynamic flow},
  series = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0278-4297},
  doi       = {10.1002/jum.14414},
  pages     = {737 -- 744},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The reliability of quantifying intratendinous vascularization by high-sensitivity Doppler ultrasound advanced dynamic flow has not been examined yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of evaluating Achilles tendon vascularization by advanced dynamic flow using established scoring systems. Methods-Three investigators evaluated vascularization in 67 recordings in a test-retest design, applying the Ohberg score, a modified Ohberg score, and a counting score. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for the Ohberg score and modified Ohberg score was analyzed by the Cohen kappa and Fleiss kappa coefficients (absolute), Kendall tau b coefficient, and Kendall coefficient of concordance (W; relative). The reliability of the counting score was analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 2.1 and 3.1, the standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman analysis (bias and limits of agreement [LoA]). Results-Intraobserver and interobserver agreement (absolute/relative) ranged from 0.61 to 0.87/0.87 to 0.95 and 0.11 to 0.66/0.76 to 0.89 for the Ohberg score and from 0.81 to 0.87/0.92 to 0.95 and 0.64 to 0.80/0.88 to 0.93 for the modified Ohberg score, respectively. The counting score revealed an intraobserver ICC of 0.94 to 0.97 (SEM, 1.0-1.5; bias, -1; and LoA, 3-4 vessels). The interobserver ICC for the counting score ranged from 0.91 to 0.98 (SEM, 1.0-1.9; bias, 0; and LoA, 3-5 vessels). Conclusions-The modified Ohberg score and counting score showed excellent reliability and seem convenient for research and clinical practice. The Ohberg score revealed decent intraobserver but unexpected low interobserver reliability and therefore cannot be recommended.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RischStollSchomoelleretal.2020,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Stoll, Josefine and Schom{\"o}ller, Anne and Engel, Tilman and Mayer, Frank and Cassel, Michael},
  title     = {Intraindividual Doppler Flow Response to Exercise Differs Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Achilles Tendons},
  series = {Frontiers in physiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2021.617497},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Objective: This study investigated intraindividual differences of intratendinous blood flow (IBF) in response to running exercise in participants with Achilles tendinopathy. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at the University Outpatient Clinic. Participants: Sonographic detectable intratendinous blood flow was examined in symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic Achilles tendons of 19 participants (42 ± 13 years, 178 ± 10 cm, 76 ± 12 kg, VISA-A 75 ± 16) with clinically diagnosed unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and sonographic evident tendinosis. Intervention: IBF was assessed using Doppler ultrasound "Advanced Dynamic Flow" before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) after a standardized submaximal constant load run. Main Outcome Measure: IBF was quantified by counting the number (n) of vessels in each tendon. Results: At Upre, IBF was higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic tendons [mean 6.3 (95\% CI: 2.8-9.9) and 1.7 (0.4-2.9), p < 0.01]. Overall, 63\% of symptomatic and 47\% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons responded to exercise, whereas 16 and 11\% showed persisting IBF and 21 and 42\% remained avascular throughout the investigation. At U5, IBF increased in both symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons [difference to baseline: 2.4 (0.3-4.5) and 0.9 (0.5-1.4), p = 0.05]. At U30 to U120, IBF was still increased in symptomatic but not in asymptomatic tendons [mean difference to baseline: 1.9 (0.8-2.9) and 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.2), p < 0.01]. Conclusion: Irrespective of pathology, 47-63\% of Achilles tendons responded to exercise with an immediate acute physiological IBF increase by an average of one to two vessels ("responders"). A higher amount of baseline IBF (approximately five vessels) and a prolonged exercise-induced IBF response found in symptomatic ATs indicate a pain-associated altered intratendinous "neovascularization."},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RischMayerCassel2021,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Mayer, Frank and Cassel, Michael},
  title     = {Doppler flow response following running exercise differs between healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2021.650507},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: The relationship between exercise-induced intratendinous blood flow (IBF) and tendon pathology or training exposure is unclear. Objective: This study investigates the acute effect of running exercise on sonographic detectable IBF in healthy and tendinopathic Achilles tendons (ATs) of runners and recreational participants. Methods: 48 participants (43 ± 13 years, 176 ± 9 cm, 75 ± 11 kg) performed a standardized submaximal 30-min constant load treadmill run with Doppler ultrasound "Advanced dynamic flow" examinations before (Upre) and 5, 30, 60, and 120 min (U5-U120) afterward. Included were runners (>30 km/week) and recreational participants (<10 km/week) with healthy (Hrun, n = 10; Hrec, n = 15) or tendinopathic (Trun, n = 13; Trec, n = 10) ATs. IBF was assessed by counting number [n] of intratendinous vessels. IBF data are presented descriptively (\%, median [minimum to maximum range] for baseline-IBF and IBF-difference post-exercise). Statistical differences for group and time point IBF and IBF changes were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: At baseline, IBF was detected in 40\% (3 [1-6]) of Hrun, in 53\% (4 [1-5]) of Hrec, in 85\% (3 [1-25]) of Trun, and 70\% (10 [2-30]) of Trec. At U5 IBF responded to exercise in 30\% (3 [-1-9]) of Hrun, in 53\% (4 [-2-6]) of Hrec, in 70\% (4 [-10-10]) of Trun, and in 80\% (5 [1-10]) of Trec. While IBF in 80\% of healthy responding ATs returned to baseline at U30, IBF remained elevated until U120 in 60\% of tendinopathic ATs. Within groups, IBF changes from Upre-U120 were significant for Hrec (p < 0.01), Trun (p = 0.05), and Trec (p < 0.01). Between groups, IBF changes in consecutive examinations were not significantly different (p > 0.05) but IBF-level was significantly higher at all measurement time points in tendinopathic versus healthy ATs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Irrespective of training status and tendon pathology, running leads to an immediate increase of IBF in responding tendons. This increase occurs shortly in healthy and prolonged in tendinopathic ATs. Training exposure does not alter IBF occurrence, but IBF level is elevated in tendon pathology. While an immediate exercise-induced IBF increase is a physiological response, prolonged IBF is considered a pathological finding associated with Achilles tendinopathy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RischCasselMesserschmidtetal.2014,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Cassel, Michael and Messerschmidt, Janin and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Consistency and reliability of examining intratendinous blood flow in Achilles tendinopathy patients using doppler ultrasonography},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {46 -- 46},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RischCasselMayer2017,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Acute effect of running exercise on physiological Achilles tendon blood flow},
  series = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0905-7188},
  doi       = {10.1111/sms.12874},
  pages     = {138 -- 143},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Sonographically detectable intratendinous blood flow (IBF) is found in 50\%-88\% of Achilles tendinopathy patients as well as in up to 35\% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons (AT). Although IBF is frequently associated with tendon pathology, it may also represent a physiological regulation, for example, due to increased blood flow in response to exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of a standardized running exercise protocol on IBF assessed with Doppler ultrasound (DU) Advanced dynamic flow in healthy ATs. 10 recreationally active adults (5 f, 5m; 29 +/- 3years, 1.72 +/- 0.12m, 68 +/- 16kg, physical activity 206 +/- 145minute/wk) with no history of AT pain and inconspicious tendon structure performed 3 treadmill running tasks on separate days (M1-3) with DU examinations directly before and 5, 30, 60, and 120minutes after exercise. At M1, an incremental exercise test was used to determine the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). At M2 and M3, participants performed 30-minute submaximal constant load tests (CL1/CL2) with an intensity 5\% below IAT. IBF in each tendon was quantified by counting the number of vessels. IBF increased in five ATs from no vessels at baseline to one to four vessels solely detectable 5minutes after CL1 or CL2. One AT had persisting IBF (three vessels) throughout all examinations. Fourteen ATs revealed no IBF at all. Prolonged running led to a physiological, temporary appearance of IBF in 25\% of asymptomatic ATs. To avoid exercise-induced IBF in clinical practice, DU examinations should be performed after 30minutes of rest.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RischBashfordKuligetal.2020,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Bashford, Greg and Kulig, Kornelia and Kaplick, Hannes and Mayer, Frank and Cassel, Michael},
  title     = {Spatial frequency analysis identifies altered local Micromorphology in adolescent athletes with Achilles tendinopathy},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE ; official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {52},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE ; official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000670932.99564.57},
  pages     = {82 -- 82},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeWolterSchoepflinetal.2012,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Wolter, Martin and Sch{\"o}pflin, Marlene and K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Mayer, Frank and Baur, Heiner},
  title     = {The effect of foot orthoses on peroneal H-reflex in treadmill walking a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {44},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {943 -- 943},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeMuellerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Engel, Tilman and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Three-dimensional spine kinematics during perturbed treadmill walking - a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {172 -- 172},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and inter-rater reliability of sonographic cross-sectional area measurements in asymptomatic patella tendons},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {927 -- 928},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RectorIntziegianniMuelleretal.2017,
  author    = {Rector, Michael V. and Intziegianni, Konstantina and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank and Cassel, Michael},
  title     = {Reproducibility of an ankle joint rotation correction method for assessment of Achilles tendon elongation},
  series = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0959-3020},
  doi       = {10.3233/IES-160644},
  pages     = {47 -- 52},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: The Achilles tendon (AT) requires optimal material and mechanical properties to function properly. Calculation of these properties depends on accurate measurement of input parameters (i.e. tendon elongation). However, the measurement of AT elongation with ultrasound during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is overestimated by ankle joint rotation (AJR). Methods to correct the influence of this rotation on AT elongation exist, yet their reproducibility in clinical settings is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the test-retest reproducibility of AT elongation during MVIC after AJR correction. METHODS: Ten participants attended test and retest measurements where they performed plantar-flexion MVIC on a dynamometer. Simultaneously, ultrasound recorded AT elongation as the displacement of the medial gastrocnemius-myotendinous junction, while an electrogoniometer measured AJR. The ankle was then passively rotated to the AJR achieved during MVIC and AT elongation again determined. Elongation was corrected by subtracting this passive AT elongation from the total AT elongation during MVIC. Reproducibility was evaluated using ICC (2.1), test-retest variability (TRV, \%), Bland-Altman analyses (Bias +/- LoA [1.96*SD]) and standard error of the measurement (SEM). RESULTS: Corrected AT elongation reproducibility exhibited an ICC = 0.79, SEM = 0.2 cm and TRV = 20 +/- 19\%. Bias +/- LoA were determined to be 0.0 +/- 0.8 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Using this ultrasound and electrogoniometer-based method, corrected AT elongation can be assessed reproducibly.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{QuarmbyKhajooeiEngeletal.2019,
  author    = {Quarmby, Andrew James and Khajooei, Mina and Engel, Tilman and Kaplick, Hannes and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {The feasibility of a split-belt instrumented treadmill running protocol with perturbations},
  series = {Journal of biomechanics},
  volume    = {98},
  journal   = {Journal of biomechanics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109493},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol. <br /> Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60\% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD). <br /> On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5\% for delay, 58 +/- 12\% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7\% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25\% to 332 +/- 305\% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PerezChaparroMayerBeckendorf2019,
  author    = {P{\´e}rez Chaparro, Camilo Germ{\´a}n Alberto and Mayer, Frank and Beckendorf, Claudia},
  title     = {Cardiovascular drift response over two different constant-load exercises in healthy non-athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  doi       = {10.1249/01.mss.0000561495.15163.50},
  pages     = {329 -- 329},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Cardiovascular drift (CV-d) is a steady increase in heart rate (HR) over time while performing constant load moderate intensity exercise (CME) > 20 min. CV-d presents problems for the prescription of exercise intensity by means of HR, because the work rate (WR) during exercise must be adjusted to maintain target HR, thus disturbing the intended effect of the exercise intervention. It has been shown that the increase in HR during CME is due to changes in WR and not to CV-d.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PuschmannDriessleinBecketal.2020,
  author    = {Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Drießlein, David and Beck, Heidrun and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Moreno Catal{\´a}, Maria and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Mayer, Frank and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {Stress and Self-Efficacy as Long-Term Predictors for Chronic Low Back Pain},
  series = {Journal of Pain Research},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of Pain Research},
  publisher = {Dove Medical Press},
  address   = {Albany, Auckland},
  issn      = {1178-7090},
  doi       = {10.2147/JPR.S223893},
  pages     = {613 -- 621},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Psychosocial variables are known risk factors for the development and chronification of low back pain (LBP). Psychosocial stress is one of these risk factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most important types of stress predicting LBP. Self-efficacy was included as a potential protective factor related to both, stress and pain. Participants and Methods: This prospective observational study assessed n = 1071 subjects with low back pain over 2 years. Psychosocial stress was evaluated in a broad manner using instruments assessing perceived stress, stress experiences in work and social contexts, vital exhaustion and life-event stress. Further, self-efficacy and pain (characteristic pain intensity and disability) were assessed. Using least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression, important predictors of characteristic pain intensity and pain-related disability at 1-year and 2-years follow-up were analyzed. Results: The final sample for the statistic procedure consisted of 588 subjects (age: 39.2 (± 13.4) years; baseline pain intensity: 27.8 (± 18.4); disability: 14.3 (± 17.9)). In the 1-year follow-up, the stress types "tendency to worry", "social isolation", "work discontent" as well as vital exhaustion and negative life events were identified as risk factors for both pain intensity and pain-related disability. Within the 2-years follow-up, Lasso models identified the stress types "tendency to worry", "social isolation", "social conflicts", and "perceived long-term stress" as potential risk factors for both pain intensity and disability. Furthermore, "self-efficacy" ("internality", "self-concept") and "social externality" play a role in reducing pain-related disability. Conclusion: Stress experiences in social and work-related contexts were identified as important risk factors for LBP 1 or 2 years in the future, even in subjects with low initial pain levels. Self-efficacy turned out to be a protective factor for pain development, especially in the long-term follow-up. Results suggest a differentiation of stress types in addressing psychosocial factors in research, prevention and therapy approaches.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PuschmannBeckSchiltenwolfetal.2017,
  author    = {Puschmann, Anne-Kathrin and Beck, Heidrun and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Wippert, Pia-Maria and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Distress in a longitudinal study of a population with nonspecific low back pain},
  series = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume    = {79},
  journal   = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  pages     = {A20 -- A21},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PlummerMugeleSteffenetal.2019,
  author    = {Plummer, Ashley and Mugele, Hendrik and Steffen, Kathrin and Stoll, Josefine and Mayer, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Juliane},
  title     = {General versus sports-specific injury prevention programs in athletes},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {PLOS 1},
  address   = {San Francisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0221346},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Introduction Injury prevention programs (IPPs) are an inherent part of training in recreational and professional sports. Providing performance-enhancing benefits in addition to injury prevention may help adjust coaches and athletes' attitudes towards implementation of injury prevention into daily routine. Conventional thinking by players and coaches alike seems to suggest that IPPs need to be specific to one's sport to allow for performance enhancement. The systematic literature review aims to firstly determine the IPPs nature of exercises and whether they are specific to the sport or based on general conditioning. Secondly, can they demonstrate whether general, sports-specific or even mixed IPPs improve key performance indicators with the aim to better facilitate long-term implementation of these programs? Methods PubMed and Web of Science were electronically searched throughout March 2018. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials, publication dates between Jan 2006 and Feb 2018, athletes (11-45 years), injury prevention programs and included predefined performance measures that could be categorized into balance, power, strength, speed/agility and endurance. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tools. Results Of 6619 initial findings, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, reference lists unearthed a further 6 studies, making a total of 28. Nine studies used sports specific IPPs, eleven general and eight mixed prevention strategies. Overall, general programs ranged from 29-57\% in their effectiveness across performance outcomes. Mixed IPPs improved in 80\% balance outcomes but only 20-44\% in others. Sports-specific programs led to larger scale improvements in balance (66\%), power (83\%), strength (75\%), and speed/agility (62\%). Conclusion Sports-specific IPPs have the strongest influence on most performance indices based on the significant improvement versus control groups. Other factors such as intensity, technical execution and compliance should be accounted for in future investigations in addition to exercise modality.},
  language  = {en}
}