@article{Becker2014, author = {Becker, Christian}, title = {Relative differential cohomology}, series = {Lecture notes in mathematics : a collection of informal reports and seminars}, volume = {2112}, journal = {Lecture notes in mathematics : a collection of informal reports and seminars}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-319-07034-6; 978-3-319-07033-9}, issn = {0075-8434}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-07034-6_2}, pages = {91 -- 180}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We study two notions of relative differential cohomology, using the model of differential characters. The two notions arise from the two options to construct relative homology, either by cycles of a quotient complex or of a mapping cone complex. We discuss the relation of the two notions of relative differential cohomology to each other. We discuss long exact sequences for both notions, thereby clarifying their relation to absolute differential cohomology. We construct the external and internal product of relative and absolute characters and show that relative differential cohomology is a right module over the absolute differential cohomology ring. Finally we construct fiber integration and transgression for relative differential characters.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerNeumannTetzneretal.2014, author = {Becker, Michael and Neumann, Marko and Tetzner, Julia and B{\"o}se, Susanne and Knoppick, Henrike and Maaz, Kai and Baumert, J{\"u}rgen and Lehmann, Rainer}, title = {Development? Effects of the transition into academically selective schools}, series = {The journal of educational psychology}, volume = {106}, journal = {The journal of educational psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-0663}, doi = {10.1037/a0035425}, pages = {555 -- 568}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The present study investigates school context effects on psychosocial characteristics (academic self-concept, peer relations, school satisfaction, and school anxiety) of high-achieving and gifted students. Students who did or did not make an early transition from elementary to secondary schools for high-achieving and gifted students in 5th grade in Berlin, Germany, are compared in their psychosocial development. The sample comprises 155 early-entry students who moved to an academically selective secondary school (Gymnasium) and 3,169 regular students who remained in elementary school until the end of 6th grade. Overall, a complex pattern of psychosocial development emerged for all students, with both positive and negative outcomes being observed. Specifically, the transition into academically selective learning environments seemed to come at some cost for psychosocial development. Propensity score matching analysis isolating the effects of selective school intake and the school context effect itself revealed negative contextual effects of early transition to Gymnasium on academic self-concept and school anxiety; additionally, the positive trend in peer relations observed among regular students was not discernible among early-entry students.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BehlKratzNoecheletal.2014, author = {Behl, Marc and Kratz, Karl and N{\"o}chel, Ulrich and Sauter, Tilman and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Polymer networks capable of reversible shape-memory-effects}, series = {Abstracts of papers : joint conference / The Chemical Institute of Cananda, CIC, American Chemical Society, ACS}, volume = {248}, booktitle = {Abstracts of papers : joint conference / The Chemical Institute of Cananda, CIC, American Chemical Society, ACS}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0065-7727}, pages = {1}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BehrensFrankRaweletal.2014, author = {Behrens, Maik and Frank, Oliver and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Ahuja, Gaurav and Potting, Christoph and Hofmann, Thomas and Meyerhof, Wolfgang and Korsching, Sigrun}, title = {ORA1, a Zebrafish Olfactory Receptor Ancestral to All Mammalian V1R Genes, Recognizes 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, a Putative Reproductive Pheromone}, series = {The journal of biological chemistry}, volume = {289}, journal = {The journal of biological chemistry}, number = {28}, publisher = {American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {0021-9258}, doi = {10.1074/jbc.M114.573162}, pages = {19778 -- 19788}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The teleost v1r-related ora genes are a small, highly conserved olfactory receptor gene family of only six genes, whose direct orthologues can be identified in lineages as far as that of cartilaginous fish. However, no ligands for fish olfactory receptor class A related genes (ORA) had been uncovered so far. Here we have deorphanized the ORA1 receptor using heterologous expression and calcium imaging. We report that zebrafish ORA1 recognizes with high specificity and sensitivity 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The carboxyl group of this compound is required in a particular distance from the aromatic ring, whereas the hydroxyl group in the para-position is not essential, but strongly enhances the binding efficacy. Low concentrations of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid elicit increases in oviposition frequency in zebrafish mating pairs. This effect is abolished by naris closure. We hypothesize that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid might function as a pheromone for reproductive behavior in zebrafish. ORA1 is ancestral to mammalian V1Rs, and its putative function as pheromone receptor is reminiscent of the role of several mammalian V1Rs as pheromone receptors.}, language = {en} } @article{BeimGraben2014, author = {Beim Graben, Peter}, title = {Contextual emergence of intentionality}, series = {Journal of consciousness studies : controversies in science \& the humanities ; an international multi-disciplinary journal}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of consciousness studies : controversies in science \& the humanities ; an international multi-disciplinary journal}, number = {5-6}, publisher = {Imprint Academic}, address = {Exeter}, issn = {1355-8250}, pages = {75 -- 96}, year = {2014}, abstract = {By means of an intriguing physical example, magnetic surface swimmers, that can be described in terms of Dennett's intentional stance, I reconstruct a hierarchy of necessary and sufficient conditions for the applicability of the intentional strategy. It turns out that the different levels of the intentional hierarchy are contextually emergent from their respective subjacent levels by imposing stability constraints upon them. At the lowest level of the hierarchy, phenomenal physical laws emerge for the coarse-grained description of open, nonlinear, and dissipative non-equilibrium systems in critical states. One level higher, dynamic patterns, such as, for example, magnetic surface swimmers, are contextually emergent as they are invariant under certain symmetry operations. Again one level up, these patterns behave apparently rationally by selecting optimal pathways for the dissipation of energy that is delivered by external gradients. This is in accordance with the restated Second Law of thermodynamics as a stability criterion. At the highest level, true believers are intentional systems that are stable under exchanging their observation conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{BeisheimLiese2014, author = {Beisheim, Marianne and Liese, Andrea Margit}, title = {Summing up : key findings and avenues for future research}, isbn = {978-1-137-35925-0}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BeisheimLieseJanetscheketal.2014, author = {Beisheim, Marianne and Liese, Andrea Margit and Janetschek, Hannah and Sarre, Johanna}, title = {Transnational partnerships: conditions for successful service provision in areas of limited statehood}, series = {Governance : an international journal of policy and administration and institutions}, volume = {27}, journal = {Governance : an international journal of policy and administration and institutions}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0952-1895}, doi = {10.1111/gove.12070}, pages = {655 -- 673}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BeisheimLieseLorch2014, author = {Beisheim, Marianne and Liese, Andrea Margit and Lorch, Jasmin}, title = {Introduction : transnationale partnerships for sustainable development}, isbn = {978-1-137-35925-0}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BeisheimLieseVosseler2014, author = {Beisheim, Marianne and Liese, Andrea Margit and Vosseler, Christian}, title = {Who governs partnershis? on the role board, donors, partners and other stakeholders}, isbn = {978-1-137-35925-0}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Benz2014, author = {Benz, Verena}, title = {Sex-specific differences in the regulation of body weight dynamics and adipose tissue metabolism}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {119 S.}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BeshnovaCherstvyVainshteinetal.2014, author = {Beshnova, Daria A. and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Vainshtein, Yevhen and Teif, Vladimir B.}, title = {Regulation of the nucleosome repeat length in vivo by the DNA sequence, protein concentrations and long-range interactions}, series = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, number = {7}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1553-734X}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003698}, pages = {14}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The nucleosome repeat length (NRL) is an integral chromatin property important for its biological functions. Recent experiments revealed several conflicting trends of the NRL dependence on the concentrations of histones and other architectural chromatin proteins, both in vitro and in vivo, but a systematic theoretical description of NRL as a function of DNA sequence and epigenetic determinants is currently lacking. To address this problem, we have performed an integrative biophysical and bioinformatics analysis in species ranging from yeast to frog to mouse where NRL was studied as a function of various parameters. We show that in simple eukaryotes such as yeast, a lower limit for the NRL value exists, determined by internucleosome interactions and remodeler action. For higher eukaryotes, also the upper limit exists since NRL is an increasing but saturating function of the linker histone concentration. Counterintuitively, smaller H1 variants or non-histone architectural proteins can initiate larger effects on the NRL due to entropic reasons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that different regimes of the NRL dependence on histone concentrations exist depending on whether DNA sequence-specific effects dominate over boundary effects or vice versa. We consider several classes of genomic regions with apparently different regimes of the NRL variation. As one extreme, our analysis reveals that the period of oscillations of the nucleosome density around bound RNA polymerase coincides with the period of oscillations of positioning sites of the corresponding DNA sequence. At another extreme, we show that although mouse major satellite repeats intrinsically encode well-defined nucleosome preferences, they have no unique nucleosome arrangement and can undergo a switch between two distinct types of nucleosome positioning.}, language = {en} } @article{BeurskensHelmichReinetal.2014, author = {Beurskens, Rainer and Helmich, Ingo and Rein, Robert and Bock, Otmar L.}, title = {Age-related changes in prefrontal activity during walking in dual-task situations: A fNIRS study}, series = {International journal of psychophysiology}, volume = {92}, journal = {International journal of psychophysiology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-8760}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.005}, pages = {122 -- 128}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Previous studies suggest that the human gait is under control of higher-order cognitive processes, located in the frontal lobes, such that an age-related degradation of cognitive capabilities has a negative impact on gait. Results: Our behavioral data partly confirm previous accounts on higher dual-task costs in stepping parameters (i.e., decreased step duration) in old age, particularly with a visual task and negative dual-task cost (i.e., improved performance) during the verbal task in young adults. Functional imaging data revealed little change of prefrontal activation from single- to dual-task walking in young individuals. In the elderly, however, prefrontal activation substantially decreased during dual-task walking with a complex visual task. Conclusion: We interpret these findings as evidence for a shift of processing resources from the prefrontal cortex to other brain regions when seniors face the challenge of walking and concurrently executing a visually demanding task. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{Bhatt2014, author = {Bhatt, Kaushalendra M.}, title = {Microseisms and its impact on the marine-controlled source electromagnetic signal}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1002/2014JB011024}, pages = {8655 -- 8666}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The marine-controlled source electromagnetic method (mCSEM) is employed for studying the electrical characteristics and fluid contents of sedimentary reservoirs. However, the success rate of the method can be improved significantly by finding the sources of electromagnetic noise and addressing the challenge posed by them at larger offsets where the reservoir signal is often weak. I have studied the mCSEM data and reporting an electromagnetic noise. The strength of the noise is observed 1600 times stronger than the seafloor mCSEM signal at 0.1 Hz. Moreover, the noise and the transmitted mCSEM signals are found coherent in interstation recordings. These readings suggest the severity of the noise. The source investigation presuming the observed noise as an infragravity wave failed to match the response. Then, the role of microseisms is investigated. Microseism causes oscillation of the seafloor and produces electromagnetic disturbances by the dynamics of water. I have used various conditions for a proper discrimination of the noise as microseisms. This mechanism is clearly illustrated with the help of a conceptual diagram. The role of the directionality is part of the study, which is argued for having a significant role in the generation of microseisms. In this paper, a new algorithm is presented and is used for calculating the coherency. The algorithm helps in mapping the coherency value simultaneously in time and frequency domains.}, language = {en} } @article{BiancoKetmaier2014, author = {Bianco, Pier Giorgio and Ketmaier, Valerio}, title = {A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)}, series = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists}, volume = {3841}, journal = {Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists}, number = {3}, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, address = {Auckland}, issn = {1175-5326}, pages = {379 -- 402}, year = {2014}, abstract = {By combining morphology, ecology, biology, and biogeography with the available molecular (sequence variation of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b gene; cyt-b) and karyology data, the taxonomy of several species of the Rutilus complex inhabiting southern Europe is revised. Rutilus stoumboudae, new species, is described from Lake Volvi, Greece. It differs from Rutilus rutilus in possessing more total GR and less branched rays in both dorsal and anal fins and in its placement in the cyt-b based phylogeny of the genus. The resurrected genus Leucos Heckel, 1843 (type species Leucos aula, Bonaparte, 1841), which according to molecular data diverged from Rutilus more than 5 million years ago, during the Messinian salinity crisis, includes five species of small size, without spinous tubercles on scales and head in reproductive males, pharyngeal teeth formula 5-5, and all show a preference for still waters. Leucos aula is the Italian species endemic in the Padany-Venetian district: L. basak is widespread in Croatia, Albania, Montenegro and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM); L. albus, recently described from Lake Skadar, Montenegro, is also found in rivers Moraca and Zeta (Montenegro). L. albus differs from L. basak, its closest relative, in having more scales on the LL and less anal-fin rays; L. panosi is endemic to the western-Greece district, and L. ylikiensis is endemic to lakes Yliki and Paralimni in eastern Greece (introduced in Lake Volvi). Among the nominal species examined, Rutilus karamani, R. ohridanus, R. prespensis and R. prespensis vukovici are all junior synonyms of Leucos basak. Rutilus vegariticus is definitively regarded as junior synonym for R. rutilus. Sarmarutilus n.gen. is a monotypic genus, with Sarmarutilus rubilio as the type species. According to phylogenetic data, Sarmarutilus rubilio is basal to a cluster of species that includes Leucos basak, L. albus, L. aula, L. panosi and L. ylikiensis. Sarmarutilus possibly evolved in pre-Messinian time, in the Lago Mare, entered the Mediterranean area during the Messinian Lago Mare phase of the Mediterranean Sea and survived only in the Tuscany-Latium district. This genus differs from Leucos in having large pearl organs on the central part of head and body scales in mature males and for the habitat preference, being a riverine-adapted species. It differs from Rutilus in pharyngeal teeth formula (5-5 in Sarmarutilus and 6-5 in Rutilus), size (small in Sarmarutilus and large in Rutilus) and for the preferential habitat (riverine vs. still water). Finally, lectotypes for Leucos basak, Leucos aula, and Sarmarutilus rubilio are designated.}, language = {en} } @article{BickelTangGrossart2014, author = {Bickel, Samantha L. and Tang, Kam W. and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Structure and function of zooplankton-associated bacterial communities in a temperate estuary change more with time than with zooplankton species}, series = {Aquatic microbial ecology : international journal}, volume = {72}, journal = {Aquatic microbial ecology : international journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, address = {Oldendorf Luhe}, issn = {0948-3055}, doi = {10.3354/ame01676}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Zooplankton support distinct bacterial communities in high concentrations relative to the surrounding water, but little is known about how the compositions and functionalities of these bacterial communities change through time in relation to environmental conditions. We conducted a year-long field study of bacterial communities associated with common zooplankton groups as well as free-living bacterial communities in the York River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. Bacterial community genetic fingerprints and their carbon substrate usage were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified 16S rDNA and by Biolog EcoPlates, respectively. Zooplankton-associated communities were genetically distinct from free-living bacterial communities but utilized a similar array of carbon substrates. On average, bacteria associated with different zooplankton groups were genetically more similar to each other within each month (65.4\% similarity) than to bacterial communities of the same zooplankton group from different months (28 to 30\% similarity), which suggests the importance of ambient environmental conditions in shaping resident zooplankton-associated bacterial communities. Monthly changes in carbon substrate utilization were less variable for zooplankton-associated bacteria than for free-living bacteria, suggesting that the zooplankton microhabitat is more stable than the surrounding water and supports specific bacterial groups in the otherwise unfavorable conditions in the water column.}, language = {en} } @article{BizicIonescuAmannGrossart2014, author = {Bizic-Ionescu, Mina and Amann, Rudolf and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Massive regime shifts and high activity of heterotrophic bacteria in an ice-covered lake}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {11}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0113611}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In winter 2009/10, a sudden under-ice bloom of heterotrophic bacteria occurred in the seasonally ice-covered, temperate, deep, oligotrophic Lake Stechlin (Germany). Extraordinarily high bacterial abundance and biomass were fueled by the breakdown of a massive bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae after ice formation. A reduction in light resulting from snow coverage exerted a pronounced physiological stress on the cyanobacteria. Consequently, these were rapidly colonized, leading to a sudden proliferation of attached and subsequently of free-living heterotrophic bacteria. Total bacterial protein production reached 201 mg C L-1 d(-1), ca. five times higher than spring-peak values that year. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis at high temporal resolution showed pronounced changes in bacterial community structure coinciding with changes in the physiology of the cyanobacteria. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that during breakdown of the cyanobacterial population, the diversity of attached and free-living bacterial communities were reduced to a few dominant families. Some of these were not detectable during the early stages of the cyanobacterial bloom indicating that only specific, well adapted bacterial communities can colonize senescent cyanobacteria. Our study suggests that in winter, unlike commonly postulated, carbon rather than temperature is the limiting factor for bacterial growth. Frequent phytoplankton blooms in ice-covered systems highlight the need for year-round studies of aquatic ecosystems including the winter season to correctly understand element and energy cycling through aquatic food webs, particularly the microbial loop. On a global scale, such knowledge is required to determine climate change induced alterations in carbon budgets in polar and temperate aquatic systems.}, language = {en} } @article{Blaese2014, author = {Blaese, Leif}, title = {Data mining for unidentified protein squences}, series = {Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach}, journal = {Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach}, number = {500}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-45005-5}, issn = {1865-0929}, pages = {73 -- 87}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Through the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, a lot of newly sequenced organisms are now available. Annotating those genes is one of the most challenging tasks in sequence biology. Here, we present an automated workflow to find homologue proteins, annotate sequences according to function and create a three-dimensional model.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanchardDelattreRoquain2014, author = {Blanchard, Gilles and Delattre, Sylvain and Roquain, Etienne}, title = {Testing over a continuum of null hypotheses with False Discovery Rate control}, series = {Bernoulli : official journal of the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability}, volume = {20}, journal = {Bernoulli : official journal of the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability}, number = {1}, publisher = {International Statistical Institute}, address = {Voorburg}, issn = {1350-7265}, doi = {10.3150/12-BEJ488}, pages = {304 -- 333}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We consider statistical hypothesis testing simultaneously over a fairly general, possibly uncountably infinite, set of null hypotheses, under the assumption that a suitable single test (and corresponding p-value) is known for each individual hypothesis. We extend to this setting the notion of false discovery rate (FDR) as a measure of type I error. Our main result studies specific procedures based on the observation of the p-value process. Control of the FDR at a nominal level is ensured either under arbitrary dependence of p-values, or under the assumption that the finite dimensional distributions of the p-value process have positive correlations of a specific type (weak PRDS). Both cases generalize existing results established in the finite setting. Its interest is demonstrated in several non-parametric examples: testing the mean/signal in a Gaussian white noise model, testing the intensity of a Poisson process and testing the c.d.f. of i.i.d. random variables.}, language = {en} } @article{BlanchardDickhausRoquainetal.2014, author = {Blanchard, Gilles and Dickhaus, Thorsten and Roquain, Etienne and Villers, Fanny}, title = {On least favorable configurations for step-up-down tests}, series = {Statistica Sinica}, volume = {24}, journal = {Statistica Sinica}, number = {1}, publisher = {Statistica Sinica, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica}, address = {Taipei}, issn = {1017-0405}, doi = {10.5705/ss.2011.205}, pages = {1 -- U31}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{Blankovsky2014, author = {Blankovsky, Yuval}, title = {Radical idea in talmudic literature}, series = {AJS review : The journal of the Association for Jewish Studies}, volume = {38}, journal = {AJS review : The journal of the Association for Jewish Studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0364-0094}, doi = {10.1017/S0364009414000282}, pages = {321 -- 338}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Babylonian Talmud (BT) attributes the idea of committing a transgression for the sake of God to R. Nahman b. Isaac (RNBI). RNBI's statement appears in two parallel sugyot in the BT (Nazir 23a; Horayot 10a). Each sugya has four textual witnesses. By comparing these textual witnesses, this paper will attempt to reconstruct the sugya's earlier (or, what some might term, original) dialectical form, from which the two familiar versions of the text in Nazir and Horayot evolved. This article reveals the specific ways in which, value-laden conceptualizations have a major impact on the Talmud's formulation, as we know it today.}, language = {en} } @misc{Blankovsky2014, author = {Blankovsky, Yuval}, title = {A transgression for the sake of God—'Averah Li-shmah}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, number = {160}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41615}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416156}, pages = {321 -- 338}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Babylonian Talmud (BT) attributes the idea of committing a transgression for the sake of God to R. Nahman b. Isaac (RNBI). RNBI's statement appears in two parallel sugyot in the BT (Nazir 23a; Horayot 10a). Each sugya has four textual witnesses. By comparing these textual witnesses, this paper will attempt to reconstruct the sugya's earlier (or, what some might term, original) dialectical form, from which the two familiar versions of the text in Nazir and Horayot evolved. This article reveals the specific ways in which, value-laden conceptualizations have a major impact on the Talmud's formulation, as we know it today.}, language = {en} } @article{BloetheMunackKorupetal.2014, author = {Bloethe, Jan H. and Munack, Henry and Korup, Oliver and Fuelling, Alexander and Garzanti, Eduardo and Resentini, Alberto and Kubik, Peter W.}, title = {Late Quaternary valley infill and dissection in the Indus River, western Tibetan Plateau margin}, series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, volume = {94}, journal = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0277-3791}, doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.011}, pages = {102 -- 119}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The Indus, one of Earth's major rivers, drains large parts of the NW Himalaya and the Transhimalayan ranges that form part of the western Tibetan Plateau margin. In the western Himalayan syntaxis, where local topographic relief exceeds 7 km, the Indus has incised a steep bedrock gorge at rates of several mm yr(-1). Upstream, however, the upper Indus and its tributaries alternate between bedrock gorges and broad alluvial flats flanked by the Ladakh and Zanskar ranges. We review the late Quaternary valley history in this region with a focus on the confluence of the Indus and Zanskar Rivers, where vast alluvial terrace staircases and lake sediments record major episodes of aggradation and incision. New absolute dating of high-level fluvial terrace remnants using cosmogenic Be-10, optically and infrared stimulated luminescence (OSL, IRSL) indicates at least two phases of late Quaternary valley infilling. These phases commenced before similar to 200 ka and similar to 50-20 ka, judging from terrace treads stranded >150 m and similar to 30-40 m above modern river levels, respectively. Numerous stacks of lacustrine sediments that straddle the Indus River >200 km between the city of Leh and the confluence with the Shyok River share a distinct horizontal alignment. Constraints from IRSL samples of lacustrine sequences from the Leh-Spituk area reveal a protracted lake phase from >177 ka to 72 ka, locally accumulating >50-m thick deposits. In the absence of tectonic faulting, major lithological differences, and stream capture, we attribute the formation of this and other large lakes in the region to natural damming by large landslides, glaciers, and alluvial fans. The overall patchy landform age constraints from earlier studies can be reconciled by postulating a major deglacial control on sediment flux, valley infilling, and subsequent incision that has been modulated locally by backwater effects of natural damming. While comparison with Pleistocene monsoon proxies reveals no obvious correlation, a lateor post-glacial sediment pulse seems a more likely source of this widespread sedimentation that has partly buried the dissected bedrock topography. Overall, the long residence times of fluvial, alluvial and lacustrine deposits in the region (>500 ka) support previous studies, but remain striking given the dominantly steep slopes and deeply carved valleys that characterise this high-altitude mountain desert. Recalculated late Quaternary rates of fluvial bedrock incision in the Indus and Zanskar of 1.5 +/- 0.2 mm yr(-1) are at odds with the longevity of juxtaposed valley-fill deposits, unless a lack of decisive lateral fluvial erosion helps to preserve these late Pleistocene sedimentary archives. We conclude that alternating, similar to 10(4)-yr long, phases of massive infilling and incision have dominated the late Quaternary history of the Indus valley below the western Tibetan Plateau margin. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{BocediZurellReinekingetal.2014, author = {Bocedi, Greta and Zurell, Damaris and Reineking, Bjoern and Travis, Justin M. J.}, title = {Mechanistic modelling of animal dispersal offers new insights into range expansion dynamics across fragmented landscapes}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, volume = {37}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0906-7590}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.01041}, pages = {1240 -- 1253}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @misc{BoeckerSchlierHolzBuchmannetal.2014, author = {Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Holz, Nathalie E. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Plichta, Michael M. and Wolf, Isabella and Baumeister, Sarah and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {10}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0112155}, pages = {1}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BoeckerSchlierHolzBuchmannetal.2014, author = {Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Holz, Nathalie E. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Plichta, Michael M. and Wolf, Isabella and Baumeister, Sarah and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {8}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0104185}, pages = {13}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.4 years; 58\% female) from an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth participated in a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task. Early life adversity according to an early family adversity index (EFA) and lifetime ADHD symptoms were assessed using standardized parent interviews conducted at the offspring's age of 3 months and between 2 and 15 years, respectively. fMRI region-of-interest analysis revealed a significant effect of EFA during reward anticipation in reward-related areas (i.e. ventral striatum, putamen, thalamus), indicating decreased activation when EFA increased. EEG analysis demonstrated a similar effect for the contingent negative variation (CNV), with the CNV decreasing with the level of EFA. In contrast, during reward delivery, activation of the bilateral insula, right pallidum and bilateral putamen increased with EFA. There was a significant association of lifetime ADHD symptoms with lower activation in the left ventral striatum during reward anticipation and higher activation in the right insula during reward delivery. The present findings indicate a differential long-term impact of early life adversity on reward processing, implicating hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation and hyperresponsiveness when receiving a reward. Moreover, a similar activation pattern related to lifetime ADHD suggests that the impact of early life stress on ADHD may possibly be mediated by a dysfunctional reward pathway.}, language = {en} } @article{BoehmHennemann2014, author = {Boehm, Veronica and Hennemann, Anja}, title = {The evidential use of the spanish imperfect and the conditional in journalistic contexts}, series = {Studia neophilologica : a journal of Germanic and Romance languages and literature}, volume = {86}, journal = {Studia neophilologica : a journal of Germanic and Romance languages and literature}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0039-3274}, doi = {10.1080/00393274.2014.933661}, pages = {183 -- 200}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BoehmerHartmannLeimkuehler2014, author = {Boehmer, Nadine and Hartmann, Tobias and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {The chaperone FdsC for Rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase binds the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor}, series = {FEBS letters : the journal for rapid publication of short reports in molecular biosciences}, volume = {588}, journal = {FEBS letters : the journal for rapid publication of short reports in molecular biosciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0014-5793}, doi = {10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.033}, pages = {531 -- 537}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Molybdoenzymes are complex enzymes in which the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is deeply buried in the enzyme. Most molybdoenzymes contain a specific chaperone for the insertion of Moco. For the formate dehydrogenase FdsGBA from Rhodobacter capsulatus the two chaperones FdsC and FdsD were identified to be essential for enzyme activity, but are not a subunit of the mature enzyme. Here, we purified and characterized the FdsC protein after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. We were able to copurify FdsC with the bound Moco derivate bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. This cofactor successfully was used as a source to reconstitute the activity of molybdoenzymes. Structured summary of protein interactions: FdsC and FdsC bind by molecular sieving (View interaction) FdsD binds to RcMobA by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction) FdsC binds to RcMobA by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction) FdsC binds to FdsA by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction)}, language = {en} } @misc{Boese2014, author = {Boese, Adrian Daniel}, title = {Assessment of coupled cluster theory and more approximate methods for Hydrogen Bonded Systems (vol 9, pg 4403, 2013)}, series = {Journal of chemical theory and computation}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of chemical theory and computation}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1549-9618}, doi = {10.1021/ct500041j}, pages = {893 -- 893}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BoggioBodenmuellerFrembergetal.2014, author = {Boggio, Jose M. Chavez and Bodenmueller, D. and Fremberg, T. and Haynes, R. and Roth, Martin M. and Eisermann, R. and Lisker, M. and Zimmermann, L. and Boehm, Michael}, title = {Dispersion engineered silicon nitride waveguides by geometrical and refractive-index optimization}, series = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, volume = {31}, journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0740-3224}, doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.31.002846}, pages = {2846 -- 2857}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Dispersion engineering in silicon nitride (SiXNY) waveguides is investigated through the optimization of the waveguide transversal dimensions and refractive indices in a multicladding arrangement. Ultraflat dispersion of -84.0 +/- 0.5 ps/nm/km between 1700 and 2440 nm and 1.5 +/- 3 ps/nm/km between 1670 and 2500 nm is numerically demonstrated. It is shown that typical refractive index fluctuations as well as dimension fluctuations during fabrication of the SiXNY waveguides are a limitation for obtaining ultraflat dispersion profiles. Single- and multicladding waveguides are fabricated and their dispersion profiles measured (over nearly 1000 nm) using a low-coherence frequency domain interferometric technique. By appropriate thickness optimization, the zero-dispersion wavelength is tuned over a large spectral range in single-and multicladding waveguides with small refractive index contrast (3\%). A flat dispersion profile with +/- 3.2 ps/nm/km variation over 500 nm is obtained in a multicladding waveguide fabricated with a refractive index contrast of 37\%. Finally, we generate a nearly three-octave supercontinuum in this dispersion flattened multicladding SiXNY waveguide. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{BoitGaedke2014, author = {Boit, Alice and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {Benchmarking successional progress in a quantitative food web}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {9}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {2}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0090404}, pages = {25}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Central to ecology and ecosystem management, succession theory aims to mechanistically explain and predict the assembly and development of ecological communities. Yet processes at lower hierarchical levels, e. g. at the species and functional group level, are rarely mechanistically linked to the under-investigated system-level processes which drive changes in ecosystem properties and functioning and are comparable across ecosystems. As a model system for secondary succession, seasonal plankton succession during the growing season is readily observable and largely driven autogenically. We used a long-term dataset from large, deep Lake Constance comprising biomasses, auto-and heterotrophic production, food quality, functional diversity, and mass-balanced food webs of the energy and nutrient flows between functional guilds of plankton and partly fish. Extracting population-and system-level indices from this dataset, we tested current hypotheses about the directionality of successional progress which are rooted in ecosystem theory, the metabolic theory of ecology, quantitative food web theory, thermodynamics, and information theory. Our results indicate that successional progress in Lake Constance is quantifiable, passing through predictable stages. Mean body mass, functional diversity, predator-prey weight ratios, trophic positions, system residence times of carbon and nutrients, and the complexity of the energy flow patterns increased during succession. In contrast, both the mass-specific metabolic activity and the system export decreased, while the succession rate exhibited a bimodal pattern. The weighted connectance introduced here represents a suitable index for assessing the evenness and interconnectedness of energy flows during succession. Diverging from earlier predictions, ascendency and eco-exergy did not increase during succession. Linking aspects of functional diversity to metabolic theory and food web complexity, we reconcile previously disjoint bodies of ecological theory to form a complete picture of successional progress within a pelagic food web. This comprehensive synthesis may be used as a benchmark for quantifying successional progress in other ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @article{BollAvetisyanKager2014, author = {Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie and Kager, Rene}, title = {OCP-Place in speech segmentation}, series = {Language and speech}, volume = {57}, journal = {Language and speech}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0023-8309}, doi = {10.1177/0023830913508074}, pages = {394 -- 421}, year = {2014}, abstract = {OCP-Place, a cross-linguistically well-attested constraint against pairs of consonants with shared [place], is psychologically real. Studies have shown that the processing of words violating OCP-Place is inhibited. Functionalists assume that OCP arises as a consequence of low-level perception: a consonant following another with the same [place] cannot be faithfully perceived as an independent unit. If functionalist theories were correct, then lexical access would be inhibited if two homorganic consonants conjoin at word boundaries-a problem that can only be solved with lexical feedback. Here, we experimentally challenge the functional account by showing that OCP-Place can be used as a speech segmentation cue during pre-lexical processing without lexical feedback, and that the use relates to distributions in the input. In Experiment 1, native listeners of Dutch located word boundaries between two labials when segmenting an artificial language. This indicates a use of OCP-Labial as a segmentation cue, implying a full perception of both labials. Experiment 2 shows that segmentation performance cannot solely be explained by well-formedness intuitions. Experiment 3 shows that knowledge of OCP-Place depends on language-specific input: in Dutch, co-occurrences of labials are under-represented, but co-occurrences of coronals are not. Accordingly, Dutch listeners fail to use OCP-Coronal for segmentation.}, language = {en} } @misc{BondueBeier2014, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Beier, Sophia}, title = {Two of a kind?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {391}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404199}, pages = {19}, year = {2014}, abstract = {School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term "school attack" should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders' age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{BondueScheithauer2014, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Leaking and death-threats by students}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404121}, pages = {17}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.}, language = {en} } @article{BondueScheithauer2014, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Leaking and death-threats by students: A study in German schools}, series = {School psychology international}, volume = {35}, journal = {School psychology international}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0143-0343}, doi = {10.1177/0143034314552346}, pages = {592 -- 608}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings.}, language = {en} } @article{BonifacioRahmaniWhitmoreetal.2014, author = {Bonifacio, P. and Rahmani, H. and Whitmore, J. B. and Wendt, Martin and Centurion, Martin and Molaro, P. and Srianand, R. and Murphy, M. T. and Petitjean, P. and Agafonova, I. I. and Evans, T. M. and Levshakov, S. A. and Lopez, S. and Martins, C. J. A. P. and Reimers, D. and Vladilo, G.}, title = {Fundamental constants and high-resolution spectroscopy}, series = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, volume = {335}, journal = {Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0004-6337}, doi = {10.1002/asna.201312005}, pages = {83 -- 91}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BoraScherbaumKuehnetal.2014, author = {Bora, Sanjay Singh and Scherbaum, Frank and K{\"u}hn, Nicolas and Stafford, Peter}, title = {Fourier spectral- and duration models for the generation of response spectra adjustable to different source-, propagation-, and site conditions}, series = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {12}, journal = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1570-761X}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-013-9482-z}, pages = {467 -- 493}, year = {2014}, abstract = {One of the major challenges related with the current practice in seismic hazard studies is the adjustment of empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to different seismological environments. We believe that the key to accommodating differences in regional seismological attributes of a ground motion model lies in the Fourier spectrum. In the present study, we attempt to explore a new approach for the development of response spectral GMPEs, which is fully consistent with linear system theory when it comes to adjustment issues. This approach consists of developing empirical prediction equations for Fourier spectra and for a particular duration estimate of ground motion which is tuned to optimize the fit between response spectra obtained through the random vibration theory framework and the classical way. The presented analysis for the development of GMPEs is performed on the recently compiled reference database for seismic ground motion in Europe (RESORCE-2012). Although, the main motivation for the presented approach is the adjustability and the use of the corresponding model to generate data driven host-to-target conversions, even as a standalone response spectral model it compares reasonably well with the GMPEs of Ambraseys et al. (Bull Earthq Eng 3:1-53, 2005), Akkar and Bommer (Seismol Res Lett 81(2):195-206, 2010) and Akkar and Cagnan (Bull Seismol Soc Am 100(6):2978-2995, 2010).}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Borchardt2014, author = {Borchardt, Sven}, title = {Rainfall, weathering and erosion}, pages = {x, 90}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{Borck2014, author = {Borck, Rainald}, title = {Adieu Rabenmutter-culture, fertility, female labour supply, the gender wage gap and childcare}, series = {Journal of population economics}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of population economics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0933-1433}, doi = {10.1007/s00148-013-0499-z}, pages = {739 -- 765}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This paper studies the effect of cultural attitudes on childcare provision, fertility, female labour supply and the gender wage gap. Cross-country data show that fertility, female labour force participation and childcare provision are positively correlated with each other, while the gender wage gap seems to be negatively correlated with these variables. The paper presents a model with endogenous fertility, female labour supply and childcare choices driven by cultural attitudes which fits these facts. There may exist multiple equilibria: one with zero childcare provision, low fertility and female labour supply and high wage gap and one with high childcare provision, high fertility and female labour supply and low wage gap.}, language = {en} } @article{BorckWimbersky2014, author = {Borck, Rainald and Wimbersky, Martin}, title = {Political economics of higher education finance}, series = {Oxford economic papers}, volume = {66}, journal = {Oxford economic papers}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0030-7653}, doi = {10.1093/oep/gps042}, pages = {115 -- 139}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BosBastiaanse2014, author = {Bos, Laura S. and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Time reference decoupled from tense in agrammatic and fluent aphasia}, series = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {28}, journal = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0268-7038}, doi = {10.1080/02687038.2014.886322}, pages = {533 -- 553}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Aims: The goal of this study is twofold. First, it aims to untangle tense problems from problems with past time reference through verb morphology in people with aphasia. Second, this study aims to compare the production of time reference inflection by people with agrammatic and fluent aphasia. Methods \& Procedures: A sentence completion task was used to elicit reference to the non-past and past in Dutch. Reference to the past was tested through (1) a simple verb in past tense and (2) a verb complex with an auxiliary in present tense + participle (the present perfect). Reference to the non-past was tested through a simple verb in present tense. Fourteen agrammatic aphasic speakers, sixteen fluent aphasic speakers, and twenty non-brain-damaged speakers (NBDs) took part in this study. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Outcomes \& Results: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the aphasic participants. Agrammatic speakers performed worse than fluent speakers, but the pattern of performance in both aphasic groups was similar. Reference to the past through past tense and [present tense auxiliary + participle] was more impaired than reference to the non-past. An error analysis revealed differences between the two groups. Conclusions: People with agrammatic and fluent aphasia experience problems with expressing reference to the past through verb inflection. This past time reference deficit is irrespective of the tense employed. The error patterns between the two groups reveal different underlying problems.}, language = {en} } @article{BosDragoyAvrutinetal.2014, author = {Bos, Laura S. and Dragoy, Olga V. and Avrutin, S. and Iskra, E. and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Understanding discourse-linked elements in aphasia: A threefold study in Russian}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {57}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.017}, pages = {20 -- 28}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Agrammatic speakers have problems with grammatical encoding and decoding. However, not all syntactic processes are equally problematic: present time reference, who questions, and reflexives can be processed by narrow syntax alone and are relatively spared compared to past time reference, which questions, and personal pronouns, respectively. The latter need additional access to discourse and information structures to link to their referent outside the clause (Avrutin, 2006). Linguistic processing that requires discourse-linking is difficult for agrammatic individuals: verb morphology with reference to the past is more difficult than with reference to the present (Bastiaanse et al., 2011). The same holds for which questions compared to who questions and for pronouns compared to reflexives (Avrutin, 2006). These results have been reported independently for different populations in different languages. The current study, for the first time, tested all conditions within the same population. Aims: We had two aims with the current study. First, we wanted to investigate whether discourse-linking is the common denominator of the deficits in time reference, wh questions, and object pronouns. Second, we aimed to compare the comprehension of discourse-linked elements in people with agrammatic and fluent aphasia. Methods and procedures: Three sentence-picture-matching tasks were administered to 10 agrammatic, 10 fluent aphasic, and 10 non-brain-damaged Russian speakers (NBDs): (1) the Test for Assessing Reference of Time (TART) for present imperfective (reference to present) and past perfective (reference to past), (2) the Wh Extraction Assessment Tool (WHEAT) for which and who subject questions, and (3) the Reflexive-Pronoun Test (RePro) for reflexive and pronominal reference. Outcomes and results: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the aphasic participants. We found an overall effect of discourse-linking in the TART and WHEAT for the agrammatic speakers, and in all three tests for the fluent speakers. Scores on the RePro were at ceiling. Conclusions: The results are in line with the prediction that problems that individuals with agrammatic and fluent aphasia experience when comprehending sentences that contain verbs with past time reference, which question words and pronouns are caused by the fact that these elements involve discourse linking. The effect is not specific to agrammatism, although it may result from different underlying disorders in agrammatic and fluent aphasia.}, language = {en} } @article{BosHanneWartenburgeretal.2014, author = {Bos, Laura S. and Hanne, Sandra and Wartenburger, Isabell and Bastiaanse, Roelien}, title = {Losing track of time? Processing of time reference inflection in agrammatic and healthy speakers of German}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {65}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.026}, pages = {180 -- 190}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Individuals with agrammatic aphasia (IWAs) have problems with grammatical decoding of tense inflection. However, these difficulties depend on the time frame that the tense refers to. Verb morphology with reference to the past is more difficult than with reference to the non-past, because a link needs to be made to the past event in discourse, as captured in the PAst Discourse Linking Hypothesis (PADILIH; Bastiaanse, R., Bamyaci, E., Hsu, C., Lee, J., Yarbay Duman, T., Thompson, C. K., 2011. Time reference in agrammatic aphasia: A cross-linguistic study. J. Neurolinguist. 24, 652-673). With respect to reference to the (non-discourse-linked) future, data so far indicate that IWAs experience less difficulties as compared to past time reference (Bastiaanse, R., Bamyaci, E., Hsu, C., Lee, J., Yarbay Duman, T., Thompson, C. K., 2011. Time reference in agrammatic aphasia: A cross-linguistic study. J. Neurolinguist. 24, 652-673), supporting the assumptions of the PADILIH. Previous online studies of time reference in aphasia used methods such as reaction times analysis (e.g., Faroqi-Shah, Y., Dickey, M. W., 2009. On-line processing of tense and temporality in agrammatic aphasia. Brain Lang. 108, 97-111). So far, no such study used eye-tracking, even though this technique can bring additional insights (Burchert, F., Hanne, S., Vasishth, S., 2013. Sentence comprehension disorders in aphasia: the concept of chance performance revisited. Aphasiology 27, 112-125, doi:10.1080/02687038.2012.730603). Aims: This study investigated (1) whether processing of future and past time reference inflection differs between non-brain-damaged individuals (NBDs) and IWAs, and (2) underlying mechanisms of time reference comprehension failure by IWAs. Results and discussion: NBDs scored at ceiling and significantly higher than the IWAs. IWAs had below-ceiling performance on the future condition, and both participant groups were faster to respond to the past than to the future condition. These differences are attributed to a pre-existing preference to look at a past picture, which has to be overcome. Eye movement patterns suggest that both groups interpret future time reference similarly, while IWAs show a delay relative to NBDs in interpreting past time reference inflection. The eye tracking results support the PADILIH, because processing reference to the past in discourse syntax requires additional resources and thus, is problematic and delayed for people with aphasia. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{BouwerPapyrakisPoussinetal.2014, author = {Bouwer, Laurens M. and Papyrakis, Elissaios and Poussin, Jennifer and Pfurtscheller, Clemens and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {The costing of measures for natural hazard mitigation in Europe}, series = {Natural hazards review}, volume = {15}, journal = {Natural hazards review}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers}, address = {Reston}, issn = {1527-6988}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000133}, pages = {10}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The literature on the costing of mitigation measures for reducing impacts of natural hazards is rather fragmented. This paper provides a concise overview of the current state of knowledge in Europe on the costing of mitigation measures for the reduction of natural hazard risks (droughts, floods, storms and induced coastal hazards as well as alpine hazards) and identifies knowledge gaps and related research recommendations. Furthermore, it provides a taxonomy of related mitigation options, classifying them into nine categories: (1) management plans, land-use planning, and climate adaptation; (2) hazard modification; (3) infrastructure; (4) mitigation measures (stricto sensu); (5) communication in advance of events; (6) monitoring and early warning systems; (7) emergency response and evacuation; (8) financial incentives; and (9) risk transfer (including insurance). It is found that the costing of mitigation measures in European and in other countries has almost exclusively focused on estimating direct costs. A cost assessment framework that addresses a range of costs, possibly informed by multiple stakeholders, would provide more accurate estimates and could provide better guidance to decision makers. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.}, language = {en} } @article{BraeuerAschHofstetteretal.2014, author = {Braeuer, Benjamin and Asch, G{\"u}nter and Hofstetter, Rami and Haberland, Christian and Jaser, D. and El-Kelani, R. and Weber, Michael H.}, title = {Detailed seismicity analysis revealing the dynamics of the southern Dead Sea area}, series = {Journal of seismology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Journal of seismology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1383-4649}, doi = {10.1007/s10950-014-9441-4}, pages = {731 -- 748}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Within the framework of the international DESIRE (DEad Sea Integrated REsearch) project, a dense temporary local seismological network was operated in the southern Dead Sea area. During 18 recording months, 648 events were detected. Based on an already published tomography study clustering, focal mechanisms, statistics and the distribution of the microseismicity in relation to the velocity models from the tomography are analysed. The determined b value of 0.74 leads to a relatively high risk of large earthquakes compared to the moderate microseismic activity. The distribution of the seismicity indicates an asymmetric basin with a vertical strike-slip fault forming the eastern boundary of the basin, and an inclined western boundary, made up of strike-slip and normal faults. Furthermore, significant differences between the area north and south of the Bokek fault were observed. South of the Bokek fault, the western boundary is inactive while the entire seismicity occurs on the eastern boundary and below the basin-fill sediments. The largest events occurred here, and their focal mechanisms represent the northwards transform motion of the Arabian plate along the Dead Sea Transform. The vertical extension of the spatial and temporal cluster from February 2007 is interpreted as being related to the locking of the region around the Bokek fault. North of the Bokek fault similar seismic activity occurs on both boundaries most notably within the basin-fill sediments, displaying mainly small events with strike-slip mechanism and normal faulting in EW direction. Therefore, we suggest that the Bokek fault forms the border between the single transform fault and the pull-apart basin with two active border faults.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandHeckZiegler2014, author = {Brand, Ralf and Heck, Philipp and Ziegler, Matthias}, title = {Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport: a picture-based}, series = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, volume = {9}, journal = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-597X}, doi = {10.1186/1747-597X-9-7}, pages = {11}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results. Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7\%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT. Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrandHeckZiegler2014, author = {Brand, Ralf and Heck, Philipp and Ziegler, Matthias}, title = {Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401404}, pages = {11}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes' intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards doping need to be described. The present study serves the development and validation of a novel picture-based brief implicit association test (BIAT) for testing athletes' attitudes towards doping in sport. It shall provide the basis for a transnationally compatible research instrument able to harmonize anti-doping research efforts. Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results. Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7\%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT. Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandWolffThieme2014, author = {Brand, Ralf and Wolff, Wanja and Thieme, Detlef}, title = {brief implicit attitude test identifies substance abuse in bodybuilders}, series = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, volume = {9}, journal = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-597X}, doi = {10.1186/1747-597X-9-36}, pages = {10}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Methods: We approached a group of 61 male competitive bodybuilders and collected urine samples for biochemical testing. The pictorial doping Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) was used for attitude measurement. This test quantifies the difference in response latencies (in milliseconds) to stimuli representing related concepts (i.e. doping-dislike/like-[health food]).}, language = {en} } @misc{BrandWolffThieme2014, author = {Brand, Ralf and Wolff, Wanja and Thieme, Detlef}, title = {Using response-time latencies to measure athletes' doping attitudes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401430}, pages = {10}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Knowing and, if necessary, altering competitive athletes' real attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances is an important goal of worldwide doping prevention efforts. However athletes will not always be willing to reporting their real opinions. Reaction time-based attitude tests help conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant and impede strategic answering. This study investigated how well a reaction time-based attitude test discriminated between athletes who were doping and those who were not. We investigated whether athletes whose urine samples were positive for at least one banned substance (dopers) evaluated doping more favorably than clean athletes (non-dopers). Methods: We approached a group of 61 male competitive bodybuilders and collected urine samples for biochemical testing. The pictorial doping Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) was used for attitude measurement. This test quantifies the difference in response latencies (in milliseconds) to stimuli representing related concepts (i.e. doping-dislike/like-[health food]). Results: Prohibited substances were found in 43\% of all tested urine samples. Dopers had more lenient attitudes to doping than non-dopers (Hedges's g = -0.76). D-scores greater than -0.57 (CI95 = -0.72 to -0.46) might be indicative of a rather lenient attitude to doping. In urine samples evidence of administration of combinations of substances, complementary administration of substances to treat side effects and use of stimulants to promote loss of body fat was common. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that athletes' attitudes to doping can be assessed indirectly with a reaction time-based test, and that their attitudes are related to their behavior. Although bodybuilders may be more willing to reveal their attitude to doping than other athletes, these results still provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT may be useful in athletes from other sports, perhaps as a complementary measure in evaluations of the effectiveness of doping prevention interventions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{BrandtKobele2014, author = {Brandt-Kobele, Oda-Christina}, title = {Comprehension of verb inflection in German-speaking children}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-216-2}, issn = {1869-3822}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62046}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xx, 325}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Previous studies on the acquisition of verb inflection in normally developing children have revealed an astonishing pattern: children use correctly inflected verbs in their own speech but fail to make use of verb inflections when comprehending sentences uttered by others. Thus, a three-year old might well be able to say something like 'The cat sleeps on the bed', but fails to understand that the same sentence, when uttered by another person, refers to only one sleeping cat but not more than one. The previous studies that have examined children's comprehension of verb inflections have employed a variant of a picture selection task in which the child was asked to explicitly indicate (via pointing) what semantic meaning she had inferred from the test sentence. Recent research on other linguistic structures, such as pronouns or focus particles, has indicated that earlier comprehension abilities can be found when methods are used that do not require an explicit reaction, like preferential looking tasks. This dissertation aimed to examine whether children are truly not able to understand the connection the the verb form and the meaning of the sentence subject until the age of five years or whether earlier comprehension can be found when a different measure, preferential looking, is used. Additionally, children's processing of subject-verb agreement violations was examined. The three experiments of this thesis that examined children's comprehension of verb inflections revealed the following: German-speaking three- to four-year old children looked more to a picture showing one actor when hearing a sentence with a singular inflected verb but only when their eye gaze was tracked and they did not have to perform a picture selection task. When they were asked to point to the matching picture, they performed at chance-level. This pattern indicates asymmetries in children's language performance even within the receptive modality. The fourth experiment examined sensitivity to subject-verb agreement violations and did not reveal evidence for sensitivity toward agreement violations in three- and four-year old children, but only found that children's looking patterns were influenced by the grammatical violations at the age of five. The results from these experiments are discussed in relation to the existence of a production-comprehension asymmetry in the use of verb inflections and children's underlying grammatical knowledge.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandtKobeleHoehle2014, author = {Brandt-Kobele, Oda-Christina and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {The detection of subject-verb agreement violations by German-speaking children: An eye-tracking study}, series = {Lingua : international review of general linguistics}, volume = {144}, journal = {Lingua : international review of general linguistics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0024-3841}, doi = {10.1016/j.lingua.2013.12.008}, pages = {7 -- 20}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This study examines the processing of sentences with and without subject verb agreement violations in German-speaking children at three and five years of age. An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to measure whether children's looking behavior was influenced by the grammaticality of the test sentences. The older group of children turned their gaze faster towards a target picture and looked longer at it when the object noun referring to the target was presented in a grammatical sentence with subject verb agreement compared to when the object noun was presented in a sentence in which an agreement violation occurred. The younger group of children displayed less conclusive results, with a tendency to look longer but not faster towards the target picture in the grammatical compared to the ungrammatical condition. This is the first experimental evidence that German-speaking five-year old children are sensitive to subject verb agreement and violations thereof. Our results additionally substantiate that the eye-tracking paradigm is suitable to examine children's sensitivity to subtle grammatical violations.}, language = {en} }