@article{AntoniewiczBrand2014,
  author    = {Antoniewicz, Franziska and Brand, Ralf},
  title     = {Automatic evaluations and exercise setting preference in frequent exercisers},
  series = {Journal of sport \& exercise psychology},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Journal of sport \& exercise psychology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.},
  address   = {Champaign},
  issn      = {0895-2779},
  doi       = {10.1123/jsep.2014-0033},
  pages     = {631 -- 636},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The goals of this study were to test whether exercise-related stimuli can elicit automatic evaluative responses and whether automatic evaluations reflect exercise setting preference in highly active exercisers. An adapted version of the Affect Misattribution Procedure was employed. Seventy-two highly active exercisers (26 years +/- 9.03; 43\% female) were subliminally primed (7 ms) with pictures depicting typical fitness center scenarios or gray rectangles (control primes). After each prime, participants consciously evaluated the "pleasantness" of a Chinese symbol. Controlled evaluations were measured with a questionnaire and were more positive in participants who regularly visited fitness centers than in those who reported avoiding this exercise setting. Only center exercisers gave automatic positive evaluations of the fitness center setting (partial eta squared = .08). It is proposed that a subliminal Affect Misattribution Procedure paradigm can detect automatic evaluations to exercising and that, in highly active exercisers, these evaluations play a role in decisions about the exercise setting rather than the amounts of physical exercise. Findings are interpreted in terms of a dual systems theory of social information processing and behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AppiahDwomohTorlakEngeletal.2014,
  author    = {Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and Torlak, Firdevs and Engel, Tilman and Stoll, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Does perturbed treadmill walking lead to emg-changes of the lower extremity?},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {827 -- 827},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bahro2014,
  author    = {Bahro, Berno},
  title     = {Can sport form a National-Socialist elite? The example of SS Sports},
  series = {The international journal of the history of sport},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {The international journal of the history of sport},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0952-3367},
  doi       = {10.1080/09523367.2014.922546},
  pages     = {1462 -- 1477},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeurskensHelmichReinetal.2014,
  author    = {Beurskens, Rainer and Helmich, Ingo and Rein, Robert and Bock, Otmar L.},
  title     = {Age-related changes in prefrontal activity during walking in dual-task situations: A fNIRS study},
  series = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  volume    = {92},
  journal   = {International journal of psychophysiology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0167-8760},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.03.005},
  pages     = {122 -- 128},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Previous studies suggest that the human gait is under control of higher-order cognitive processes, located in the frontal lobes, such that an age-related degradation of cognitive capabilities has a negative impact on gait. Results: Our behavioral data partly confirm previous accounts on higher dual-task costs in stepping parameters (i.e., decreased step duration) in old age, particularly with a visual task and negative dual-task cost (i.e., improved performance) during the verbal task in young adults. Functional imaging data revealed little change of prefrontal activation from single- to dual-task walking in young individuals. In the elderly, however, prefrontal activation substantially decreased during dual-task walking with a complex visual task. Conclusion: We interpret these findings as evidence for a shift of processing resources from the prefrontal cortex to other brain regions when seniors face the challenge of walking and concurrently executing a visually demanding task. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BrandHeckZiegler2014,
  author    = {Brand, Ralf and Heck, Philipp and Ziegler, Matthias},
  title     = {Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401404},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes' intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards doping need to be described. The present study serves the development and validation of a novel picture-based brief implicit association test (BIAT) for testing athletes' attitudes towards doping in sport. It shall provide the basis for a transnationally compatible research instrument able to harmonize anti-doping research efforts. Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results. Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7\%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT. Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrandWolffThieme2014,
  author    = {Brand, Ralf and Wolff, Wanja and Thieme, Detlef},
  title     = {brief implicit attitude test identifies substance abuse in bodybuilders},
  series = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1747-597X},
  doi       = {10.1186/1747-597X-9-36},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Methods: We approached a group of 61 male competitive bodybuilders and collected urine samples for biochemical testing. The pictorial doping Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) was used for attitude measurement. This test quantifies the difference in response latencies (in milliseconds) to stimuli representing related concepts (i.e. doping-dislike/like-[health food]).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BrandWolffThieme2014,
  author    = {Brand, Ralf and Wolff, Wanja and Thieme, Detlef},
  title     = {Using response-time latencies to measure athletes' doping attitudes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401430},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Knowing and, if necessary, altering competitive athletes' real attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances is an important goal of worldwide doping prevention efforts. However athletes will not always be willing to reporting their real opinions. Reaction time-based attitude tests help conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant and impede strategic answering. This study investigated how well a reaction time-based attitude test discriminated between athletes who were doping and those who were not. We investigated whether athletes whose urine samples were positive for at least one banned substance (dopers) evaluated doping more favorably than clean athletes (non-dopers). Methods: We approached a group of 61 male competitive bodybuilders and collected urine samples for biochemical testing. The pictorial doping Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) was used for attitude measurement. This test quantifies the difference in response latencies (in milliseconds) to stimuli representing related concepts (i.e. doping-dislike/like-[health food]). Results: Prohibited substances were found in 43\% of all tested urine samples. Dopers had more lenient attitudes to doping than non-dopers (Hedges's g = -0.76). D-scores greater than -0.57 (CI95 = -0.72 to -0.46) might be indicative of a rather lenient attitude to doping. In urine samples evidence of administration of combinations of substances, complementary administration of substances to treat side effects and use of stimulants to promote loss of body fat was common. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that athletes' attitudes to doping can be assessed indirectly with a reaction time-based test, and that their attitudes are related to their behavior. Although bodybuilders may be more willing to reveal their attitude to doping than other athletes, these results still provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT may be useful in athletes from other sports, perhaps as a complementary measure in evaluations of the effectiveness of doping prevention interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChungVongpatanasinBonaventuraetal.2014,
  author    = {Chung, Oliver and Vongpatanasin, Wanpen and Bonaventura, Klaus and Lotan, Yair and Sohns, Christian and Haverkamp, Wilhelm and Dorenkamp, Marc},
  title     = {Potential cost-effectiveness of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with resistant hypertension},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000000346},
  pages     = {2411 -- 2421},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Nonadherence to drug therapy poses a significant problem in the treatment of patients with presumed resistant hypertension. It has been shown that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a useful tool for detecting nonadherence and identifying barriers to treatment adherence, leading to effective blood pressure (BP) control. However, the cost-effectiveness of TDM in the management of resistant hypertension has not been investigated. Results: In the age group of 60-year olds, TDM gained 1.07 QALYs in men and 0.97 QALYs in women at additional costs of (sic)3854 and (sic)3922, respectively. Given a willingness-to-pay threshold of (sic)35 000 per QALY gained, the probability of TDM being cost-effective was 95\% or more in all age groups from 30 to 90 years. Results were influenced mostly by the frequency of TDM testing, the rate of nonresponders to TDM, and the magnitude of effect of TDM on BP. Conclusion: Therapeutic drug monitoring presents a potential cost-effective healthcare intervention in patients diagnosed with resistant hypertension. Importantly, this finding is valid for a wide range of patients, independent of sex and age.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DeWittHubertsWernickeWippert2014,
  author    = {De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Wernicke, Sarah and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {The pain of being misunderstood: The impact of invalidation on pain sensation in chronic back pain patients},
  series = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume    = {76},
  booktitle = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  pages     = {A113 -- A114},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EngelKopinskiCarlsohnetal.2014,
  author    = {Engel, Tilman and Kopinski, Stephan and Carlsohn, Anja and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Correlation of sonographic subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements with air displacement plethysmography and calipermetry},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {539 -- 539},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FloeelWernerGrittneretal.2014,
  author    = {Fl{\"o}el, Agnes and Werner, Cordula and Grittner, Ulrike and Hesse, Stefan and J{\"o}bges, Michael and Knauss, Janet and Seifert, Michael and Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth and Goevercin, Mehmet and Dohle, Christian and Fischer, Wolfgang and Schlieder, Regina and Nave, Alexander Heinrich and Meisel, Andreas and Ebinger, Martin and Wellwood, Ian},
  title     = {Physical fitness training in Subacute Stroke (PHYS-STROKE) - study protocol for a randomised controlled trial},
  series = {Trials},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Trials},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1745-6215},
  doi       = {10.1186/1745-6215-15-45},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Given the rising number of strokes worldwide, and the large number of individuals left with disabilities after stroke, novel strategies to reduce disability, increase functions in the motor and the cognitive domains, and improve quality of life are of major importance. Physical activity is a promising intervention to address these challenges but, as yet, there is no study demonstrating definite outcomes. Our objective is to assess whether additional treatment in the form of physical fitness-based training for patients early after stroke will provide benefits in terms of functional outcomes, in particular gait speed and the Barthel Index (co-primary outcome measures) reflecting activities of daily living (ADL). We will gather secondary functional outcomes as well as mechanistic parameters in an exploratory approach. Methods/Design: Our phase III randomised controlled trial will recruit 215 adults with moderate to severe limitations of walking and ADL 5 to 45 days after stroke onset. Participants will be stratified for the prognostic variables of "centre", "age", and "stroke severity", and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The interventional group receives physical fitness training delivered as supported or unsupported treadmill training (cardiovascular active aerobic training; five times per week, over 4 weeks; each session 50 minutes; total of 20 additional physical fitness training sessions) in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. The control intervention consists of relaxation sessions (non-cardiovascular active; five times per week week, over 4 weeks; each session 50 minutes) in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. Co-primary efficacy endpoints will be gait speed (in m/s, 10 m walk) and the Barthel Index (100 points total) at 3 months post-stroke, compared to baseline measurements. Secondary outcomes include standard measures of quality of life, sleep and mood, cognition, arm function, maximal oxygen uptake, and cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, pulse, waist-to-hip ratio, markers of inflammation, immunity and the insulin-glucose pathway, lipid profile, and others. Discussion: The goal of this endpoint-blinded, phase III randomised controlled trial is to provide evidence to guide post-stroke physical fitness-based rehabilitation programmes, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this intervention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FritzschWangdosSantosetal.2014,
  author    = {Fritzsch, Claire and Wang, Jing and dos Santos, Luara Ferreira and Mauritz, Karl-Heinz and Brunetti, Maddalena and Dohle, Christian},
  title     = {Different effects of the mirror illusion on motor and somatosensory processing},
  series = {Restorative neurology and neuroscience},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Restorative neurology and neuroscience},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0922-6028},
  doi       = {10.3233/RNN-130343},
  pages     = {269 -- 280},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Mirror therapy can improve motor and sensory functions, but effects of the mirror illusion on primary motor and somatosensory cortex could not be established consistently. Methods: Fifteen right handed healthy volunteers performed or observed a finger-thumb opposition task. Cerebral activations during normal movement (NOR), mirrored movement (MIR) and movement observation (OBS) by means of a video chain were recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Activation sizes in movement > static conditions were identified using SPM8 (p < 0.001, unc.) and attributed to predefined areas employing the Anatomy toolbox 1.8. Laterality indices for the responsive areas were calculated on the basis of the number of activated voxels. Results: Relevant bilateral BOLD responses were found in primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1 - BA 2, 3b and 3a) cortex, premotor and parietal areas and V5. When comparing MIR to NOR, no significant change of contralateral activation in M1 was found, but clearly at S1 with differences between hands. Conclusion: The mirror illusion does not elicit immediate changes in motor areas, yet there is a direct effect on somatosensory areas, especially for left hand movements. These results suggest different effects of mirror therapy on processing and rehabilitation of motor and sensory function.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GaedeIlligLimbourgJannowitzetal.2014,
  author    = {Gaede-Illig, Cathleen and Limbourg, T. and Jannowitz, Christina and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {Predictors of exercise capacity improvement in patients after an acute coronary event during inpatient rehabilitation},
  series = {Die Rehabilitation : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Die Rehabilitation : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0034-3536},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0034-1370983},
  pages     = {341 -- 345},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit verfugen uber eine altersentsprechend reduzierte korperliche Leistungsfahigkeit. Um in Abhangigkeit bestehender Patientencharakteristika ein zielgruppenspezifisches Training wahrend kardiologischer Rehabilitation zu ermoglichen, ist die Kenntnis von Einflussgro ss en auf die Steigerung der Leistungsfahigkeit wunschenswert. Methodik: In einem bundesweiten Register (TROL) wurden 47286 Patienten (mittleres Alter: 6411,62 Jahre; 74,5\% Manner) eingeschlossen. Alle Patienten absolvierten zu Beginn und zum Ende der Rehabilitation einen fahrradergometrischen Belastungstest. Als abhangige Variable fur die univariate Analyse und die multivariate logistische Regression galt die Steigerung der Belastbarkeit, die uber einen Cut-off-Wert von 15 Watt Leistungszuwachs definiert wurde. Als Einflussfaktoren gingen Komorbiditaten und eine vor dem Index-Ereignis bestehende korperliche Aktivitat von>90Min/Woche in die Analyse ein. Ergebnisse: Die Leistungssteigerung aktiver im Vergleich zu inaktiven Patienten war signifikant hoher (21,84 Watt vs. 16,35 Watt; p<0,001). Korperliche Aktivitat vor dem Ereignis (Odds Ratio - OR 1,85 [95\% Konfidenzintervall - CI: 1,75-1,97]) sowie mannliches Geschlecht (OR 1,62 [95\% CI: 1,51-1,74]) konnten als positive, Komorbiditaten und Alter (OR 0,82 [95\% CI: 0,74-0,90]) als negative Pradiktoren identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Zukunftig sollten in kardiologischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen zielgruppenspezifische Trainingsprogramme eingesetzt werden, die die eingeschrankte Leistungsfahigkeit alterer und durch Komorbiditat limitierter Patienten berucksichtigt. Abstract Objective Patients who suffered from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) boast a low exercise capacity (EC). To enhance EC is a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The aim of the study was to investigate predictors of exercise capacity to optimize the rehabilitation process in untrained subgroups. Method: 47286 patients (mean age 6411.62, 74.5\% male) were enclosed in the TROL registry. All patients underwent a bicycle stress test at admission and discharge. The dependent variable for the univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression was the increase of EC during CR, with a cutoff of 15 Watts (pre/post design). Furthermore comorbidities and physical activity before the index event were analyzed. Results: Exercise capacity enhancement differs between active and inactive patients significantly (21.84 Watt vs. 16.35 Watt; p<0.001). While a male gender (OR 1.62 [95\% CI: 1.51-1.74]) and physical activity before rehabilitation (OR 1.85 [95\% CI: 1.75-1.97]) were positive, comorbidities and age (OR 0.82 [95\% CI: 0.74-0.90]) were negative predictors. Conclusion: In cardiac rehabilitation settings special exercise training programs for elderly and comorbid patients are needed, to enhance their exercise capacity sufficiently.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GolleGranacherHoffmannetal.2014,
  author    = {Golle, Kathleen and Granacher, Urs and Hoffmann, Martin and Wick, Ditmar and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children: a 4 year longitudinal study},
  series = {BMC public health},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {BMC public health},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1471-2458},
  doi       = {10.1186/1471-2458-14-499},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire. Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GolleGranacherHoffmannetal.2014,
  author    = {Golle, Kathleen and Granacher, Urs and Hoffmann, Martin and Wick, Ditmar and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401418},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire. Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GranacherSchellbachKleinetal.2014,
  author    = {Granacher, Urs and Schellbach, J{\"o}rg and Klein, Katja and Prieske, Olaf and Baeyens, Jean-Pierre and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Effects of core strength training using stable versus unstable surfaces on physical fitness in adolescents},
  series = {BMC sports science, medicine \& rehabilitation},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {BMC sports science, medicine \& rehabilitation},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2052-1847},
  doi       = {10.1186/2052-1847-6-40},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background It has been demonstrated that core strength training is an effective means to enhance trunk muscle strength (TMS) and proxies of physical fitness in youth. Of note, cross-sectional studies revealed that the inclusion of unstable elements in core strengthening exercises produced increases in trunk muscle activity and thus provide potential extra training stimuli for performance enhancement. Thus, utilizing unstable surfaces during core strength training may even produce larger performance gains. However, the effects of core strength training using unstable surfaces are unresolved in youth. This randomized controlled study specifically investigated the effects of core strength training performed on stable surfaces (CSTS) compared to unstable surfaces (CSTU) on physical fitness in school-aged children. Methods Twenty-seven (14 girls, 13 boys) healthy subjects (mean age: 14 ± 1 years, age range: 13-15 years) were randomly assigned to a CSTS (n = 13) or a CSTU (n = 14) group. Both training programs lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and included frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercises. During CSTU, these exercises were conducted on unstable surfaces (e.g., TOGU© DYNAIR CUSSIONS, THERA-BAND© STABILITY TRAINER). Results Significant main effects of Time (pre vs. post) were observed for the TMS tests (8-22\%, f = 0.47-0.76), the jumping sideways test (4-5\%, f = 1.07), and the Y balance test (2-3\%, f = 0.46-0.49). Trends towards significance were found for the standing long jump test (1-3\%, f = 0.39) and the stand-and-reach test (0-2\%, f = 0.39). We could not detect any significant main effects of Group. Significant Time x Group interactions were detected for the stand-and-reach test in favour of the CSTU group (2\%, f = 0.54). Conclusions Core strength training resulted in significant increases in proxies of physical fitness in adolescents. However, CSTU as compared to CSTS had only limited additional effects (i.e., stand-and-reach test). Consequently, if the goal of training is to enhance physical fitness, then CSTU has limited advantages over CSTS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HainCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {Hain, Gerrit and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Achilles tendon cross-sectional area changes during maximal voluntary isometric plantar-flexion contraction in healthy individuals.},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {47 -- 47},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HustedtSalomonsen2014,
  author    = {Hustedt, Thurid and Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg},
  title     = {Ensuring political responsiveness: politicization mechanisms in ministerial bureaucracies},
  series = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0020-8523},
  doi       = {10.1177/0020852314533449},
  pages     = {746 -- 765},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HaegeleSchlagenhaufRappetal.2014,
  author    = {H{\"a}gele, Claudia and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Sterzer, Philipp and Beck, Anne and Bermpohl, Felix and Stoy, Meline and Str{\"o}hle, Andreas and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Dolan, Raymond J. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Dimensional psychiatry},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {653},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43106},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431064},
  pages     = {331 -- 341},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {A dimensional approach in psychiatry aims to identify core mechanisms of mental disorders across nosological boundaries. We compared anticipation of reward between major psychiatric disorders, and investigated whether reward anticipation is impaired in several mental disorders and whether there is a common psychopathological correlate (negative mood) of such an impairment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task to study the functional correlates of reward anticipation across major psychiatric disorders in 184 subjects, with the diagnoses of alcohol dependence (n = 26), schizophrenia (n = 44), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 24), bipolar disorder (acute manic episode, n = 13), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 54). Subjects' individual Beck Depression Inventory-and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-scores were correlated with clusters showing significant activation during reward anticipation. During reward anticipation, we observed significant group differences in ventral striatal (VS) activation: patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and major depression showed significantly less ventral striatal activation compared to healthy controls. Depressive symptoms correlated with dysfunction in reward anticipation regardless of diagnostic entity. There was no significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and VS functional activation. Our findings demonstrate a neurobiological dysfunction related to reward prediction that transcended disorder categories and was related to measures of depressed mood. The findings underline the potential of a dimensional approach in psychiatry and strengthen the hypothesis that neurobiological research in psychiatric disorders can be targeted at core mechanisms that are likely to be implicated in a range of clinical entities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{IntziegianniCasselHainetal.2014,
  author    = {Intziegianni, Konstantina and Cassel, Michael and Hain, Gerrit and Fr{\"o}hlic, Katja and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability of sonographic assessment of Achilles tendon cross-sectional area at rest and maximal voluntary contraction},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {47 -- 47},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KochCasselLinneetal.2014,
  author    = {Koch, Sarah and Cassel, Michael and Linne, Karsten and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {ECG and echocardiographic findings in 10-15-year-old elite athletes},
  series = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2047-4873},
  doi       = {10.1177/2047487312462147},
  pages     = {774 -- 781},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Data on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic pre-participation screening findings in paediatric athletes are limited.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KopinskiEngelCasseletal.2014,
  author    = {Kopinski, Stephan and Engel, Tilman and Cassel, Michael and Carlsohn, Anja and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability of ultrasound measurements for subcutaneous adipose tissue in elite canoe athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {539 -- 539},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoenigCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {K{\"o}nig, Niklas and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Inter-rater reliability and measurement error of sonographic muscle architecture assessments},
  series = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine},
  address   = {Laurel},
  issn      = {0278-4297},
  doi       = {10.7863/ultra.33.5.769},
  pages     = {769 -- 777},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objectives-Sonography of muscle architecture provides physicians and researchers with information about muscle function and muscle-related disorders. Inter-rater reliability is a crucial parameter in daily clinical routines. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability of sonographic muscle architecture assessments and quantification of errors that arise from inconsistent probe positioning and image interpretation. Results-Inter-rater reliability was good overall (ICC, 0.77-0.90; IRV, 9.0\%-13.4\%; bias LoA, 0.2 +/- 0.2-1.7 +/- 3.0). Superior and inferior pennation angles showed high systematic bias and LoA in all setups, ranging from 2.0 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees to 3.4 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees. The highest IRV was found for muscle thickness (13.4\%). "When the probe position was standardized, the SEM for muscle thickness decreased from 0.1 to 0.05 cm. Conclusions-Sonographic examination of muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius has good to high reliability. In contrast to pennation angle measurements, length measurements can be improved by standardization of the probe position.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LindenMuschallaHansmeieretal.2014,
  author    = {Linden, Michael and Muschalla, Beate and Hansmeier, Thomas and Sandner, Gabriele},
  title     = {Reduction of sickness absence by an occupational health care management program focusing on self-efficacy and self-management},
  series = {Work : a journal of prevention, assessment \& rehabilitation},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Work : a journal of prevention, assessment \& rehabilitation},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1051-9815},
  doi       = {10.3233/WOR-131616},
  pages     = {485 -- 489},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: The aim of occupational health care management programs (OHMP) is to improve the health status of employees, increase work ability and reduce absence time. This includes better coping abilities, work-related self-efficacy and self-management which are important abilities that should be trained within OHMPs. OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of an OHMP including special interventions to enhance self-efficacy and self-management. PARTICIPANTS: Employees from the German Federal Pension Agency. METHODS: Effects of an OHMP on sickness absence was studied by comparing an intervention group (N = 159) and two control groups (N = 450). A core feature of the OHMP were group sessions with all members of working teams, focussing on self-efficacy and self management of the individual participant as well as the team as a group (focus groups). Participants in the OHMP were asked for their subjective evaluation of the focus groups. Rates of sickness absence were taken from the routine data of the employer. RESULTS: Participants of the OHMP indicated that they had learned better ways of coping and communication and that they had generated intentions to make changes in their working situation. The rate of sickness absence in the intervention group decreased from 9.26\% in the year before the OHMP to 7.93\% in the year after the program, while there was in the same time an increase of 7.9\% and 10.7\% in the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that OHMP with focus on self-efficacy and self management of individuals and teams are helpful in reducing work absenteeism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MartinezValdesCarlsohnHeydenreichetal.2014,
  author    = {Martinez-Valdes, Eduardo Andr{\´e}s and Carlsohn, Anja and Heydenreich, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Gastrointestinal complaints following high carbohydrate intake immediately after glycogen depleting exercise: Influence on performance},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {160 -- 160},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornMuckelbauerEnglertetal.2014,
  author    = {Mueller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline and Muckelbauer, Rebecca and Englert, Heike and Grittner, Ulrike and Berger, Hendrike and Sonntag, Frank and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Prugger, Christof and Wegscheider, Karl and Katus, Hugo A. and Willich, Stefan N.},
  title     = {Longitudinal association between body mass index and health-related quality of life},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0093071},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome in individuals with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of HRQoL and body mass index (BMI) as an indicator for obesity. Design: Secondary longitudinal analysis of the ORBITAL study, an intervention study which included high-risk cardiovascular primary care patients with hypercholesterolemia and an indication for statin therapy. Methods: HRQoL was determined with the generic Short Form (SF)-12 health status instrument. Body weight and height were assessed at baseline and at months 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. We used a linear and a linear mixed-effects regression model to investigate the association between BMI and SF-12 summary scores at baseline as well as between change in BMI and SF-12 summary scores over 3 years. We adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and in the longitudinal analysis also for the study arm and its interaction term with time. Results: Of the 7640 participants who completed the baseline questionnaire, 6726 participants (mean age: 61 years) were analyzed. The baseline BMI was inversely associated with physical and mental SF-12 summary scores (beta [95\% CI] per 1 kg/ m(2) : -0.36 [-0.41; -0.30] and -0.05 [-0.11; -0.00], respectively). A significant association between the change in BMI and physical SF-12 summary scores over time was only present in women (-0.18 [-0.27; -0.09]) and only in obese participants (-0.19 [-0.29; -0.10]). A change in BMI was directly associated with mental SF-12 summary scores (0.12 [0.06; 0.19]) in the total population. Conclusion: Increases in BMI were associated with decreases in physical HRQoL, particularly in obese individuals and in women. In contrast, the mental HRQoL seemed to increase with increasing BMI over time. Thus, body weight management with respect to the HRQoL should be evaluated differentially by sex and body weight status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerMuellerStolletal.2014,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Juliane and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Stoll, Josefine and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Trunk extensor and flexor strength capacity in healthy young elite athletes aged 11-15 Years},
  series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1064-8011},
  doi       = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000000280},
  pages     = {1328 -- 1334},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Mueller, J, Mueller, S, Stoll, J, Baur, H, and Mayer, F. Trunk extensor and flexor strength capacity in healthy young elite athletes aged 11-15 years. J Strength Cond Res 28(5): 1328-1334, 2014-Differences in trunk strength capacity because of gender and sports are well documented in adults. In contrast, data concerning young athletes are sparse. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximum trunk strength of adolescent athletes and to investigate differences between genders and age groups. A total of 520 young athletes were recruited. Finally, 377 (n = 233/144 M/F; 13 +/- 1 years; 1.62 +/- 0.11 m height; 51 +/- 12 kg mass; training: 4.5 +/- 2.6 years; training sessions/week: 4.3 +/- 3.0; various sports) young athletes were included in the final data analysis. Furthermore, 5 age groups were differentiated (age groups: 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 years; n = 90, 150, 42, 43, and 52, respectively). Maximum strength of trunk flexors (Flex) and extensors (Ext) was assessed in all subjects during isokinetic concentric measurements (60 degrees center dot s(-1); 5 repetitions; range of motion: 55 degrees). Maximum strength was characterized by absolute peak torque (Flex(abs), Ext(abs); N center dot m), peak torque normalized to body weight (Flex(norm), Ext(norm); N center dot m center dot kg(-1) BW), and Flex(abs)/Ext(abs) ratio (RKquot). Descriptive data analysis (mean +/- SD) was completed, followed by analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05; post hoc test [Tukey-Kramer]). Mean maximum strength for all athletes was 97 +/- 34 N center dot m in Flex(abs) and 140 +/- 50 N center dot m in Ext(abs) (Flex(norm) = 1.9 +/- 0.3 N center dot m center dot kg(-1) BW, Ext(norm) = 2.8 +/- 0.6 N center dot m center dot kg(-1) BW). Males showed statistically significant higher absolute and normalized values compared with females (p < 0.001). Flex(abs) and Ext(abs) rose with increasing age almost 2-fold for males and females (Flex(abs), Ext(abs): p < 0.001). Flex(norm) and Ext(norm) increased with age for males (p < 0.001), however, not for females (Flex(norm): p = 0.26; Ext(norm): p = 0.20). RKquot (mean +/- SD: 0.71 +/- 0.16) did not reveal any differences regarding age (p = 0.87) or gender (p = 0.43). In adolescent athletes, maximum trunk strength must be discussed in a gender- and age-specific context. The Flex(abs)/Ext(abs) ratio revealed extensor dominance, which seems to be independent of age and gender. The values assessed may serve as a basis to evaluate and discuss trunk strength in athletes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MuellerCasselMuelleretal.2014,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Cassel, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Stoll, Josefine and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Trunk strength in adolescent athletes with Spondylolisthesis with/without back pain during training: Pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {642 -- 642},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrieskeWickGranacher2014,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and Wick, Ditmar and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Intrasession and intersession reliability in maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors},
  series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1064-8011},
  pages     = {1771 -- 1777},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this study was to assess intrasession and intersession reliability of maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors and its respective neuromuscular activation pattern. Subjects (13 men, age: 24.8 +/- 3.1 years, height: 1.9 +/- 0.1 m, body mass: 83.7 +/- 12.7 kg; and 6 women, age: 26.5 +/- 1.4 years, height: 1.7 +/- 0.1 m, body mass: 62.7 +/- 7.0 kg) were tested and retested 2-7 days later performing unilateral maximal isometric elbow flexions. Absolute (coefficient of variation[CV], test-retest variability[TRV], Bland-Altman plots with 95\% limits of agreement) and relative reliability statistics (intraclass correlation coefficient) were calculated for various mechanical (i.e., maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development, impulse) and electromyographical measures (i.e., mean average voltage) at different time intervals relative to onset of torque (i. e., 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 100-200 ms). Intraclass correlation coefficient values were >= 0.61 for all mechanical and electromyographical measures and time intervals indicating good to excellent intrasession and intersession reliability. BlandAltman plots confirmed these findings by showing that only 0-2 (<= 3.3\%) data points were beyond the limits of agreement. Regarding torque and electromyographic measures, CV (11.9-32.3\%) and TRV (18.4-53.8\%) values were high during the early intervals of torque development (<= 100 ms) indicating high variability. During the later intervals (>100 ms), lower CV (i. e., 5.0-29.9\%) and TRV values (i.e., 5.4-34.6\%) were observed indicating lower variability. The present study revealed that neuromuscular performance during explosive torque production of the elbow flexors is reproducible in time intervals >100 ms after onset of isometric actions, whereas during earlier time intervals variability is high.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RectorOttawaWangetal.2014,
  author    = {Rector, Michael V. and Ottawa, Fabian and Wang, Victor and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {Test-retest reliability of hair cortisol concentration and correlations with physical activity levels in non-athletes},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {222 -- 222},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReibisVoellerGittetal.2014,
  author    = {Reibis, Rona Katharina and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Gitt, Anselm and Jannowitz, Christina and Halle, Martin and Pittrow, David and Hildemann, Steven},
  title     = {Management of patients with ST- segment elevation or non- ST- segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in cardiac rehabilitation centers},
  series = {Clinical cardiology : international journal for cardiovascular diseases},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Clinical cardiology : international journal for cardiovascular diseases},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0160-9289},
  doi       = {10.1002/clc.22241},
  pages     = {213 -- 221},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {BackgroundCurrent data on the management of patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after an acute hospital stay due to ST-segment elevation or non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (STE-ACS or NSTE-ACS) are limited. We aimed to describe patient characteristics, risk factor management, and lipid target achievement of patients in CR in Germany and compare the 2 groups. HypothesisWith respect to the risk factor pattern and treatment effects during a CR stay, there are important differences between STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS patients. MethodsComparison of 7950 patients by STE-ACS or NSTE-ACS status in the Transparency Registry to Objectify Guideline-Oriented Risk Factor Management registry (2010) who underwent an inpatient CR period of about 3 weeks. ResultsSTE-ACS patients compared to NSTE-ACS patients were significantly younger (60.5 vs 64.4 years, P < 0.0001), and had diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or any risk factor (exception: smoking) less often. At discharge, in STE-ACS compared to NSTE-ACS patients, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <100 mg/dL goal was achieved by 75.3\% and 76.2\%, respectively (LDL-C <70 mg/dL by 27.7\% and 27.4\%), the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal of >50 mg/dL in women and >40 mg/dL in men was achieved by 49.3\% and 49.0\%, respectively, and the triglycerides goal of <150 mg/dl was achievedby 72.3\% and 74.3\%, respectively (all comparisons not significant). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 121/74 and 123/74 mm Hg, respectively (P < 0.0001 systolic, diastolic not significant). The maximum exercise capacity was 110 and 102 W, respectively (P < 0.0001), and the maximum walking distance was 581 and 451 meters, respectively (P value not significant). ConclusionsPatients with STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS differed moderately in their baseline characteristics. Both groups benefited from the participation in CR, as their lipid profile, blood pressure, and physical fitness improved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReschkeCasselIntziegiannietal.2014,
  author    = {Reschke, Antje and Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Intra- and inter-rater reliability of sonographic cross-sectional area measurements in asymptomatic patella tendons},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {927 -- 928},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RischCasselMesserschmidtetal.2014,
  author    = {Risch, Lucie and Cassel, Michael and Messerschmidt, Janin and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Consistency and reliability of examining intratendinous blood flow in Achilles tendinopathy patients using doppler ultrasonography},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {46 -- 46},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScharhagRosenbergerCarlsohnLundbyetal.2014,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Carlsohn, Anja and Lundby, Carsten and Schueler, Stefan and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Can more than one incremental cycling test be performed within one day?},
  series = {European journal of sport science : official journal of the European College of Sport Science},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {European journal of sport science : official journal of the European College of Sport Science},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1746-1391},
  doi       = {10.1080/17461391.2013.853208},
  pages     = {459 -- 467},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Changes in performance parameters over four consecutive maximal incremental cycling tests were investigated to determine how many tests can be performed within one single day without negatively affecting performance. Sixteen male and female subjects (eight trained (T): 25 +/- 3 yr, BMI 22.6 +/- 2.5 kg center dot m(-2), maximal power output (P-max) 4.6 +/- 0.5 W center dot kg(-1); eight untrained (UT): 27 +/- 3 yr, BMI 22.3 +/- 1.2 kg center dot m(-2), P-max 2.9 +/- 0.3 W center dot kg(-1)) performed four successive maximal incremental cycling tests separated by 1.5 h of passive rest. Individual energy requirements were covered by standardised meals between trials. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) remained unchanged over the four tests in both groups (P = 0.20 and P = 0.33, respectively). P-max did not change in the T group (P = 0.32), but decreased from the third test in the UT group (P < 0.01). Heart rate responses to submaximal exercise were elevated from the third test in the T group and from the second test in the UT group (P < 0.05). The increase in blood lactate shifted rightward over the four tests in both groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Exercise-induced net increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine were not different between the tests in either group (P 0.15). If VO2max is the main parameter of interest, trained and untrained individuals can perform at least four maximal incremental cycling tests per day. However, because other parameters changed after the first and second test, respectively, no more than one test per day should be performed if parameters other than VO2max are the prime focus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScharhagRosenbergerWochatzOttoetal.2014,
  author    = {Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike and Wochatz, Monique and Otto, Christoph and Cassel, Michael and Mayer, Frank and Scharhag, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Blood lactate concentrations are mildly affected by mobile gas exchange measurements},
  series = {International journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {International journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0172-4622},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0033-1354386},
  pages     = {590 -- 594},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {We sought to investigate the effects of wearing a mobile respiratory gas analysis system during a treadmill test on blood lactate (bLa) concentrations and commonly applied bLa thresholds. A total of 16 recreational athletes (31 +/- 3 years, V0205: 58 6 ml min(-1)-kg(-1)) performed one multistage treadmill test with and one without gas exchange measurements (GEM and noGEM). The whole bLa curve, the lactate threshold (LT), the individual anaerobic thresholds according to Stegmann(IAT(sr)) and Dickhuth (IAT(Di)), and a fixed bLa concentration of 4 mmob.l(-1) (OBLA) were evaluated. The bLa curve was shifted slightly leftward in GEM compared to noGEM (P<0.05), whereas the heart rate response was not different between conditions (P= 0.89). There was no difference between GEM and noGEM for LT (2.61 +/- 0.34 vs. 2.64 +/- 0.39 m(-1) s(-1) P=0.49) and IAT(st) (3.47 +/- 0.42 vs. 3.55 +/- 0.47m-s(-1), P=0.12). However, IATD(Di) (3.57 +/- 0.39 vs. 3.66 +/- 0.44m-s(-1), P<0.01) and OBLA (3.85 +/- 0.46 vs. 3.96 +/- 0.47m-s-1, P<0.01) occurred at slower running velocities in GEM. The bLa response to treadmill tests is mildly affected by wearing a mobile gas analysis system. This also applies to bLa thresholds located at higher exercise intensities. While the magnitude of the effects is of little importance for recreational athletes, it might be relevant for elite athletes and scientific studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SilveiraCarlsohnLangenetal.2014,
  author    = {Silveira, Raul De Souza and Carlsohn, Anja and Langen, Georg and Otto, Christoph and Hain, Gerrit and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {631 -- 632},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TorlakTorlakAppiahDwomohetal.2014,
  author    = {Torlak, Firdevs and Torlak, Firdevs and Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and Engel, Tilman and Stoll, Josefine and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Gender differences in lower leg muscular activity during provoked stumbling - a pilot study},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {728 -- 728},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{vonWebskyReichetzederHocher2014,
  author    = {von Websky, Karoline and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Physiology and pathophysiology of incretins in the kidney},
  series = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension : reviews of all advances, evaluations of key references, comprehensive listing of papers},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension : reviews of all advances, evaluations of key references, comprehensive listing of papers},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1062-4821},
  doi       = {10.1097/01.mnh.0000437542.77175.a0},
  pages     = {54 -- 60},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Purpose of reviewIncretin-based therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is considered a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cumulative evidence, mainly from preclinical animal studies, reveals that incretin-based therapies also may elicit beneficial effects on kidney function. This review gives an overview of the physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of the renal incretin system.Recent findingsActivation of GLP-1R in the kidney leads to diuretic and natriuretic effects, possibly through direct actions on renal tubular cells and sodium transporters. Moreover, there is evidence that incretin-based therapy reduces albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the kidney, partially through GLP-1R-independent pathways. Molecular mechanisms by which incretins exert their renal effects are understood incompletely, thus further studies are needed.SummaryThe GLP-1R and DPP-4 are expressed in the kidney in various species. The kidney plays an important role in the excretion of incretin metabolites and most GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, thus special attention is required when applying incretin-based therapy in renal impairment. Preclinical observations suggest direct renoprotective effects of incretin-based therapies in the setting of hypertension and other disorders of sodium retention, as well as in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy. Clinical studies are needed in order to confirm translational relevance from preclinical findings for treatment options of renal diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WippertDeWittHubertsHonoldetal.2014,
  author    = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Honold, Jasmin and Holzmann, Caroline and Rector, Michael V. and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Chronic stress measurement methods and their comparability},
  series = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume    = {76},
  booktitle = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  pages     = {A129 -- A129},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WochatzKopinskiEngeletal.2014,
  author    = {Wochatz, Monique and Kopinski, Stephan and Engel, Tilman and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Flexion-extension ratio of trunk peak torque measures and antagonistic activity in males and females},
  series = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {46},
  booktitle = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0195-9131},
  pages     = {148 -- 148},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaytsevaKorsakovaGurovichetal.2014,
  author    = {Zaytseva, Yuliya and Korsakova, Natalya and Gurovich, Isaac Ya and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Luria revisited: Complex motor phenomena in first episode schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders},
  series = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {220},
  journal   = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0165-1781},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.009},
  pages     = {145 -- 151},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}