@article{SoergelKrieglerWeindletal.2021, author = {Soergel, Bjoern and Kriegler, Elmar and Weindl, Isabelle and Rauner, Sebastian and Dirnaichner, Alois and Ruhe, Constantin and Hofmann, Matthias and Bauer, Nico and Bertram, Christoph and Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon and Leimbach, Marian and Leininger, Julia and Levesque, Antoine and Luderer, Gunnar and Pehl, Michaja and Wingens, Christopher and Baumstark, Lavinia and Beier, Felicitas and Dietrich, Jan Philipp and Humpen{\"o}der, Florian and von Jeetze, Patrick and Klein, David and Koch, Johannes and Pietzcker, Robert C. and Strefler, Jessica and Lotze-Campen, Hermann and Popp, Alexander}, title = {A sustainable development pathway for climate action within the UN 2030 Agenda}, series = {Nature climate change}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nature climate change}, number = {8}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1758-678X}, doi = {10.1038/s41558-021-01098-3}, pages = {656 -- 664}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Ambitious climate policies, as well as economic development, education, technological progress and less resource-intensive lifestyles, are crucial elements for progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, using an integrated modelling framework covering 56 indicators or proxies across all 17 SDGs, we show that they are insufficient to reach the targets. An additional sustainable development package, including international climate finance, progressive redistribution of carbon pricing revenues, sufficient and healthy nutrition and improved access to modern energy, enables a more comprehensive sustainable development pathway. We quantify climate and SDG outcomes, showing that these interventions substantially boost progress towards many aspects of the UN Agenda 2030 and simultaneously facilitate reaching ambitious climate targets. Nonetheless, several important gaps remain; for example, with respect to the eradication of extreme poverty (180 million people remaining in 2030). These gaps can be closed by 2050 for many SDGs while also respecting the 1.5 °C target and several other planetary boundaries.}, language = {en} } @article{LuckeRensing2014, author = {Lucke, Ulrike and Rensing, Christoph}, title = {A survey on pervasive education}, series = {Pervasive and mobile computing}, volume = {14}, journal = {Pervasive and mobile computing}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1574-1192}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmcj.2013.12.001}, pages = {3 -- 16}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Researchers and developers worldwide have put their efforts into the design, development and use of information and communication technology to support teaching and learning. This research is driven by pedagogical as well as technological disciplines. The most challenging ideas are currently found in the application of mobile, ubiquitous, pervasive, contextualized and seamless technologies for education, which we shall refer to as pervasive education. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the existing work in this field and categorizes it with respect to educational settings. Using this approach, best practice solutions for certain educational settings and open questions for pervasive education are highlighted in order to inspire interested developers and educators. The work is assigned to different fields, identified by the main pervasive technologies used and the educational settings. Based on these assignments we identify areas within pervasive education that are currently disregarded or deemed challenging so that further research and development in these fields are stimulated in a trans-disciplinary approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{KrestelChikkamathHeweletal.2021, author = {Krestel, Ralf and Chikkamath, Renukswamy and Hewel, Christoph and Risch, Julian}, title = {A survey on deep learning for patent analysis}, series = {World patent information}, volume = {65}, journal = {World patent information}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0172-2190}, doi = {10.1016/j.wpi.2021.102035}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Patent document collections are an immense source of knowledge for research and innovation communities worldwide. The rapid growth of the number of patent documents poses an enormous challenge for retrieving and analyzing information from this source in an effective manner. Based on deep learning methods for natural language processing, novel approaches have been developed in the field of patent analysis. The goal of these approaches is to reduce costs by automating tasks that previously only domain experts could solve. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the application of deep learning for patent analysis. We summarize the state-of-the-art techniques and describe how they are applied to various tasks in the patent domain. In a detailed discussion, we categorize 40 papers based on the dataset, the representation, and the deep learning architecture that were used, as well as the patent analysis task that was targeted. With our survey, we aim to foster future research at the intersection of patent analysis and deep learning and we conclude by listing promising paths for future work.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchwaldWagelaarDanetal.2014, author = {Buchwald, Sebastian and Wagelaar, Dennis and Dan, Li and Hegedues, Abel and Herrmannsdoerfer, Markus and Horn, Tassilo and Kalnina, Elina and Krause, Christian and Lano, Kevin and Lepper, Markus and Rensink, Arend and Rose, Louis and Waetzoldt, Sebastian and Mazanek, Steffen}, title = {A survey and comparison of transformation tools based on the transformation tool contest}, series = {Science of computer programming}, volume = {85}, journal = {Science of computer programming}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-6423}, doi = {10.1016/j.scico.2013.10.009}, pages = {41 -- 99}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Model transformation is one of the key tasks in model-driven engineering and relies on the efficient matching and modification of graph-based data structures; its sibling graph rewriting has been used to successfully model problems in a variety of domains. Over the last years, a wide range of graph and model transformation tools have been developed all of them with their own particular strengths and typical application domains. In this paper, we give a survey and a comparison of the model and graph transformation tools that participated at the Transformation Tool Contest 2011. The reader gains an overview of the field and its tools, based on the illustrative solutions submitted to a Hello World task, and a comparison alongside a detailed taxonomy. The article is of interest to researchers in the field of model and graph transformation, as well as to software engineers with a transformation task at hand who have to choose a tool fitting to their needs. All solutions referenced in this article provide a SHARE demo. It supported the peer-review process for the contest, and now allows the reader to test the tools online.}, language = {en} } @article{VollmeyerRheinberg2005, author = {Vollmeyer, Regina and Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {A surprising effect of feedback on learning}, year = {2005}, abstract = {As meta-analyses demonstrate feedback effects on performance, our study examined possible mediators. Based on our cognitive-motivational model [Vollmeyer, R., \& Rhemberg, F. (1998). Motivationale Einflusse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system]. Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23] we examined how feedback changed (1) strategies, and (2) motivation during learning, and by doing so improved (3) final performance. Students (N = 211) learned how a dynamic system works and how to reach given goal states for the system. One group received feedback (i.e., knowledge of performance) the other one did not. We expected learners to improve after they received the first feedback. However, we found that learners expecting feedback used better strategies right from the start. Thus, they acquired more knowledge over fewer trials. Although we had also expected effects of feedback on motivation during learning, we could not support this hypothesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{MondalBhuniaKellingetal.2014, author = {Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar and Bhunia, Asamanjoy and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Janiak, Christoph and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A supramolecular Co(II)₁₄-metal-organic cube in a hydrogen-bonded network and a Co(II)-organic framework with a flexible methoxy substituent}, series = {Chemical communications : ChemComm}, volume = {2014}, journal = {Chemical communications : ChemComm}, number = {41}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, issn = {2046-2069}, doi = {10.1039/c3cc49698h}, pages = {5441 -- 5443}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The reaction of 4,5-dicyano-2-methoxyimidazole (L1) with Co(NO3)2·6H2O under solvothermal conditions in DMF, a MOF, IFP-8 and a hydrogen-bonded network consisting of tetradecanuclear Co(II)14-metal organic cube (1) are achieved. 1 shows the bcu net with 14 cobalt atoms.}, language = {en} } @article{MondalBhuniaKellingetal.2014, author = {Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar and Bhunia, Asamanjoy and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Janiak, Christoph and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {A supramolecular Co(II)(14)- metal-organic cube in a hydrogen-bonded network and a Co(II)-organic framework with a flexible methoxy substituent}, series = {Chemical communications}, volume = {50}, journal = {Chemical communications}, number = {41}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1359-7345}, doi = {10.1039/c3cc49698h}, pages = {5441 -- 5443}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The reaction of 4,5-dicyano-2-methoxyimidazole (L1) with Co(NO3)(2.) 6H(2)O under solvothermal conditions in DMF, a MOF, IFP-8 and a hydrogen-bonded network consisting of tetradecanuclear Co(II)(14)-metal organic cube (1) are achieved. 1 shows the bcu net with 14 cobalt atoms.}, language = {en} } @article{BeissenhirtzSchellerLisdat2004, author = {Beissenhirtz, Moritz Karl and Scheller, Frieder W. and Lisdat, Fred}, title = {A superoxide sensor based on a multilayer cytochrome c electrode}, issn = {0003-2700}, year = {2004}, abstract = {A novel multilayer cytochrome c electrode for the quantification of superoxide radical concentrations is introduced. The electrode consists of alternating layers of cytochrome c and poly(aniline(sulfonic acid)) on a gold wire electrode. The formation of multilayer structures was proven by SPR experiments. Assemblies with 2-15 protein layers showed electrochemical communication with the gold electrode. For every additional layer, a substantial increase in electrochemically active cytochrome c (cyt. c) was found. For electrodes of more than 10 layers, the increase was more than 1 order of magnitude as compared to monolayer electrode systems. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the electrodes were characterized. The mechanism of electron transfer within the multilayer assembly was studied, with results suggesting a protein-protein electron-transfer model. Electrodes of 2-15 layers were applied to the in vitro quantification of enzymatically generated superoxide, showing superior sensitivity as compared to a monolayer-based sensor. An electrode with 6 cyt. c/PASA layers showed the highest sensitivity of the systems studied, giving an increase in sensitivity of half an order of magnitude versus the that of the monolayer electrode. The stability of the system was optimized using thermal treatment, resulting in no loss in sensor signal or protein loading after 10 successive measurements or 2 days of storage}, language = {en} } @article{KaiserOldorffBreitbachetal.2018, author = {Kaiser, Knut and Oldorff, Silke and Breitbach, Carsten and Kappler, Christoph and Theuerkauf, Martin and Scharnweber, Tobias and Schult, Manuela and Kuester, Mathias and Engelhardt, Christof and Heinrich, Ingo and Hupfer, Michael and Schwalbe, Grit and Kirschey, Tom and Bens, Oliver}, title = {A submerged pine forest from the early Holocene in the Mecklenburg Lake District, northern Germany}, series = {Boreas}, volume = {47}, journal = {Boreas}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0300-9483}, doi = {10.1111/bor.12314}, pages = {910 -- 925}, year = {2018}, abstract = {For the first time, evidence of a submerged pine forest from the early Holocene can be documented in a central European lake. Subaquatic tree stumps were discovered in Lake Giesenschlagsee at a depth of between 2 and 5m using scuba divers, side-scan sonar and a remotely operated vehicle. Several erect stumps, anchored to the ground by roots, represent an insitu record of this former forest. Botanical determination revealed the stumps to be Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) with an individual tree age of about 80years. The trees could not be dated by means of dendrochronology, as they are older than the regional reference chronology for pine. Radiocarbon ages from the wood range from 10880 +/- 210 to 10370 +/- 130cal. a BP, which is equivalent to the mid-Preboreal to early Boreal biozones. The trees are rooted in sedge peat, which can be dated to this period as well, using pollen stratigraphical analysis. Tilting of the peat bed by 4m indicates subsidence of the ground due to local dead ice melting, causing the trees to become submerged and preserved for millennia. Together with recently detected Lateglacial insitu tree occurrences in nearby lakes, the submerged pine forest at Giesenschlagsee represents a new and highly promising type of geo-bio-archive for the wider region. Comparable insitu pine remnants occur at some terrestrial (buried setting) and marine (submerged setting) sites in northern central Europe and beyond, but they partly differ in age. In general, the insitu pine finds document shifts of the zonal boreal forest ecosystem during the late Quaternary.}, language = {en} } @article{Ludwig2017, author = {Ludwig, Joachim}, title = {A subject-theoretical perspective on transformative learning and transformative Bildung}, series = {Transformative learning meets Bildung : an international exchange}, volume = {21}, journal = {Transformative learning meets Bildung : an international exchange}, publisher = {Sense Publishers}, address = {Rotterdam}, isbn = {978-94-6300-795-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-6300-797-9_4}, pages = {43 -- 55}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The German theory on transformative Bildung (Koller, Marotzki, \& Sanders, 2007; Koller, 2012; Nohl, 2014) deals with transformation processes in human thinking. Bildung is defined as self and world reference, causing change in the fundamental orientation of people in the course of their biography.}, language = {en} } @article{VazdaCruzErtanCoutoetal.2017, author = {Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius and Ertan, Emelie and Couto, Rafael C. and Eckert, Sebastian and Fondell, Mattis and Dantz, Marcus and Kennedy, Brian and Schmitt, Thorsten and Pietzsch, Annette and Guimaraes, Freddy F. and {\AA}gren, Hans and Odelius, Michael and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Kimberg, Victor}, title = {A study of the water molecule using frequency control over nuclear dynamics in resonant X-ray scattering}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {19}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/c7cp01215b}, pages = {19573 -- 19589}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this combined theoretical and experimental study we report a full analysis of the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of H2O, D2O and HDO. We demonstrate that electronically-elastic RIXS has an inherent capability to map the potential energy surface and to perform vibrational analysis of the electronic ground state in multimode systems. We show that the control and selection of vibrational excitation can be performed by tuning the X-ray frequency across core-excited molecular bands and that this is clearly reflected in the RIXS spectra. Using high level ab initio electronic structure and quantum nuclear wave packet calculations together with high resolution RIXS measurements, we discuss in detail the mode coupling, mode localization and anharmonicity in the studied systems.}, language = {en} } @article{MolkenthinScherbaumGriewanketal.2014, author = {Molkenthin, Christian and Scherbaum, Frank and Griewank, Andreas and Kuehn, Nicolas and Stafford, Peter}, title = {A Study of the sensitivity of response spectral amplitudes on seismological parameters using algorithmic differentiation}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {104}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {5}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {Albany}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120140022}, pages = {2240 -- 2252}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Response spectra are of fundamental importance in earthquake engineering and represent a standard measure in seismic design for the assessment of structural performance. However, unlike Fourier spectral amplitudes, the relationship of response spectral amplitudes to seismological source, path, and site characteristics is not immediately obvious and might even be considered counterintuitive for high oscillator frequencies. The understanding of this relationship is nevertheless important for seismic-hazard analysis. The purpose of the present study is to comprehensively characterize the variation of response spectral amplitudes due to perturbations of the causative seismological parameters. This is done by calculating the absolute parameter sensitivities (sensitivity coefficients) defined as the partial derivatives of the model output with respect to its input parameters. To derive sensitivities, we apply algorithmic differentiation (AD). This powerful approach is extensively used for sensitivity analysis of complex models in meteorology or aerodynamics. To the best of our knowledge, AD has not been explored yet in the seismic-hazard context. Within the present study, AD was successfully implemented for a proven and extensively applied simulation program for response spectra (Stochastic Method SIMulation [SMSIM]) using the TAPENADE AD tool. We assess the effects and importance of input parameter perturbations on the shape of response spectra for different regional stochastic models in a quantitative way. Additionally, we perform sensitivity analysis regarding adjustment issues of groundmotion prediction equations.}, language = {en} } @article{KuekenWenderingLangaryetal.2021, author = {K{\"u}ken, Anika and Wendering, Philipp and Langary, Damoun and Nikoloski, Zoran}, title = {A structural property for reduction of biochemical networks}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-96835-1}, pages = {11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Large-scale biochemical models are of increasing sizes due to the consideration of interacting organisms and tissues. Model reduction approaches that preserve the flux phenotypes can simplify the analysis and predictions of steady-state metabolic phenotypes. However, existing approaches either restrict functionality of reduced models or do not lead to significant decreases in the number of modelled metabolites. Here, we introduce an approach for model reduction based on the structural property of balancing of complexes that preserves the steady-state fluxes supported by the network and can be efficiently determined at genome scale. Using two large-scale mass-action kinetic models of Escherichia coli, we show that our approach results in a substantial reduction of 99\% of metabolites. Applications to genome-scale metabolic models across kingdoms of life result in up to 55\% and 85\% reduction in the number of metabolites when arbitrary and mass-action kinetics is assumed, respectively. We also show that predictions of the specific growth rate from the reduced models match those based on the original models. Since steady-state flux phenotypes from the original model are preserved in the reduced, the approach paves the way for analysing other metabolic phenotypes in large-scale biochemical networks.}, language = {en} } @article{SeuringGoessel1999, author = {Seuring, Markus and G{\"o}ssel, Michael}, title = {A structural method for output compaction of sequential automata implemented as circuits}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{SeuringGoessel1999, author = {Seuring, Markus and G{\"o}ssel, Michael}, title = {A structural approach for space compaction for sequential circuits}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{SeuringGoesselSogomonyan1998, author = {Seuring, Markus and G{\"o}ssel, Michael and Sogomonyan, Egor S.}, title = {A structural approach for space compaction for concurrent checking and BIST}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{AbeysekaraArcherBenbowetal.2018, author = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Bugaev, V. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, Wei and Errando, Manel and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Flinders, A. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gillanders, Gerard H. and Huetten, M. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and Maier, Gernot and McArthur, S. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Park, N. and Perkins, Jeremy S. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, Alexis and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weiner, O. M. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David A. and Zitzer, B. and Vurm, Indrek and Beloborodov, Andrei}, title = {A Strong Limit on the Very-high-energy Emission from GRB 150323A}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {857}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, organization = {VERITAS Collaboration}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aab371}, pages = {6}, year = {2018}, abstract = {On 2015 March 23, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) responded to a Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 s after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 s after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40-minute integration corresponds to about 1\% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant because the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only similar to 2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB 150323A (z = 0.593) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to similar to 50\% at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrinsically very weak high-energy afterglow, or that the GeV spectrum had a turnover below similar to 100 GeV. If the GRB exploded into the stellar wind of a massive progenitor, the VHE non-detection constrains the wind density parameter to be A greater than or similar to 3 x 10(11) g . cm(-1), consistent with a standard Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Alternatively, the VHE emission from the blast wave would be weak in a very tenuous medium such as the interstellar medium, which therefore cannot be ruled out as the environment of GRB 150323A.}, language = {en} } @article{IrrgangGeierKreuzeretal.2020, author = {Irrgang, Andreas and Geier, Stephan and Kreuzer, Simon and Pelisoli, Ingrid Domingos and Heber, Ulrich}, title = {A stripped helium star in the potential black hole binary LB-1}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {633}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201937343}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context The recently claimed discovery of a massive (M-BH = 68(-13)(+11) M-circle dot) black hole in the Galactic solar neighborhood has led to controversial discussions because it severely challenges our current view of stellar evolution. Aims A crucial aspect for the determination of the mass of the unseen black hole is the precise nature of its visible companion, the B-type star LSV +22 25. Because stars of different mass can exhibit B-type spectra during the course of their evolution, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive picture of the star to unravel its nature and, thus, its mass. Methods To this end, we study the spectral energy distribution of LSV +22 25 and perform a quantitative spectroscopic analysis that includes the determination of chemical abundances for He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe. Results Our analysis clearly shows that LSV +22 25 is not an ordinary main sequence B-type star. The derived abundance pattern exhibits heavy imprints of the CNO bi-cycle of hydrogen burning, that is, He and N are strongly enriched at the expense of C and O. Moreover, the elements Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, and Fe are systematically underabundant when compared to normal main-sequence B-type stars. We suggest that LSV +22 25 is a stripped helium star and discuss two possible formation scenarios. Combining our photometric and spectroscopic results with the Gaia parallax, we infer a stellar mass of 1.1 +/- 0.5 M-circle dot. Based on the binary system's mass function, this yields a minimum mass of 2-3 M-circle dot for the compact companion, which implies that it may not necessarily be a black hole but a massive neutron- or main sequence star. Conclusions The star LSV +22 25 has become famous for possibly having a very massive black hole companion. However, a closer look reveals that the star itself is a very intriguing object. Further investigations are necessary for complete characterization of this object.}, language = {en} } @article{AmselemThevesBaeetal.2012, author = {Amselem, Gabriel and Theves, Matthias and Bae, Albert J. and Bodenschatz, Eberhard and Beta, Carsten}, title = {A stochastic description of dictyostelium chemotaxis}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0037213}, pages = {11}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Chemotaxis, the directed motion of a cell toward a chemical source, plays a key role in many essential biological processes. Here, we derive a statistical model that quantitatively describes the chemotactic motion of eukaryotic cells in a chemical gradient. Our model is based on observations of the chemotactic motion of the social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism for eukaryotic chemotaxis. A large number of cell trajectories in stationary, linear chemoattractant gradients is measured, using microfluidic tools in combination with automated cell tracking. We describe the directional motion as the interplay between deterministic and stochastic contributions based on a Langevin equation. The functional form of this equation is directly extracted from experimental data by angle-resolved conditional averages. It contains quadratic deterministic damping and multiplicative noise. In the presence of an external gradient, the deterministic part shows a clear angular dependence that takes the form of a force pointing in gradient direction. With increasing gradient steepness, this force passes through a maximum that coincides with maxima in both speed and directionality of the cells. The stochastic part, on the other hand, does not depend on the orientation of the directional cue and remains independent of the gradient magnitude. Numerical simulations of our probabilistic model yield quantitative agreement with the experimental distribution functions. Thus our model captures well the dynamics of chemotactic cells and can serve to quantify differences and similarities of different chemotactic eukaryotes. Finally, on the basis of our model, we can characterize the heterogeneity within a population of chemotactic cells.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtHoelter2009, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Hoelter, Frank}, title = {A stereodivergent synthesis of all stereoisomers of centrolobine : control of selectivity by a protecting-group manipulation}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.200902053}, year = {2009}, abstract = {All stereoisomers of the natural product centrolobine are selectively synthesized, by starting from a common precursor. Key steps are an enantioselective allylation with enantiomerically pure allylsilanes, a tandem ring-closing metathesis-isomerization reaction, and a Heck reaction by using an arene diazonium salt. By choosing appropriate conditions for the final deprotection step, either the cis-configured centrolobines or their epimers are selectively obtained.}, language = {en} } @article{OmidbakhshfardWinckArvidssonetal.2014, author = {Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin and Winck, Flavia Vischi and Arvidsson, Samuel Janne and Riano-Pachon, Diego M. and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd}, title = {A step-by-step protocol for formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements from Arabidopsis thaliana}, series = {Journal of integrative plant biology}, volume = {56}, journal = {Journal of integrative plant biology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1672-9072}, doi = {10.1111/jipb.12151}, pages = {527 -- 538}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The control of gene expression by transcriptional regulators and other types of functionally relevant DNA transactions such as chromatin remodeling and replication underlie a vast spectrum of biological processes in all organisms. DNA transactions require the controlled interaction of proteins with DNA sequence motifs which are often located in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) of the chromatin. Formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) has been established as an easy-to-implement method for the isolation of NDRs from a number of eukaryotic organisms, and it has been successfully employed for the discovery of new regulatory segments in genomic DNA from, for example, yeast, Drosophila, and humans. Until today, however, FAIRE has only rarely been employed in plant research and currently no detailed FAIRE protocol for plants has been published. Here, we provide a step-by-step FAIRE protocol for NDR discovery in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that NDRs isolated from plant chromatin are readily amenable to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. Only minor modification of the FAIRE protocol will be needed to adapt it to other plants, thus facilitating the global inventory of regulatory regions across species.}, language = {en} } @article{Fendt2002, author = {Fendt, Christian}, title = {A stellar magnetic dipole connected to an accretion disk : MHD simulations of the long-term evolution}, isbn = {1-58381-101-X}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{LatourHusserGiesersetal.2019, author = {Latour, Marlyn and Husser, Tim Oliver and Giesers, Benjamin David and Kamann, S. and G{\"o}ttgens, Fabian and Dreizler, Stefan and Brinchmann, Jan and Bastian, Nate and Wendt, Martin and Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Molinski, N. S.}, title = {A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: multiple populations chemistry in NGC 2808 star star star}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {631}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201936242}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Context. Galactic globular clusters (GCs) are now known to host multiple populations displaying particular abundance variations. The different populations within a GC can be well distinguished following their position in the pseudo two-colors diagrams, also referred to as "chromosome maps". These maps are constructed using optical and near-UV photometry available from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV survey of GCs. However, the chemical tagging of the various populations in the chromosome maps is hampered by the fact that HST photometry and elemental abundances are both only available for a limited number of stars. Aims. The spectra collected as part of the MUSE survey of globular clusters provide a spectroscopic counterpart to the HST photometric catalogs covering the central regions of GCs. In this paper, we use the MUSE spectra of 1115 red giant branch (RGB) stars in NGC 2808 to characterize the abundance variations seen in the multiple populations of this cluster. Methods. We used the chromosome map of NGC 2808 to divide the RGB stars into their respective populations. We then combined the spectra of all stars belonging to a given population, resulting in one high signal-to-noise ratio spectrum representative of each population. Results. Variations in the spectral lines of O, Na, Mg, and Al are clearly detected among four of the populations. In order to quantify these variations, we measured equivalent width differences and created synthetic populations spectra that were used to determine abundance variations with respect to the primordial population of the cluster. Our results are in good agreement with the values expected from previous studies based on high-resolution spectroscopy. We do not see any significant variations in the spectral lines of Ca, K, and Ba. We also do not detect abundance variations among the stars belonging to the primordial population of NGC 2808. Conclusions. We demonstrate that in spite of their low resolution, the MUSE spectra can be used to investigate abundance variations in the context of multiple populations.}, language = {en} } @article{GiesersKamannDreizleretal.2019, author = {Giesers, Benjamin David and Kamann, Sebastian and Dreizler, Stefan and Husser, Tim-Oliver and Askar, Abbas and G{\"o}ttgens, Fabian and Brinchmann, Jarle and Latour, Marilyn and Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Wendt, Martin and Roth, Martin M.}, title = {A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: Binaries in NGC 3201}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {632}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201936203}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We utilise multi-epoch MUSE spectroscopy to study binary stars in the core of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 3201. Our sample consists of 3553 stars with 54 883 spectra in total comprising 3200 main-sequence stars up to 4 magnitudes below the turn-off. Each star in our sample has between 3 and 63 (with a median of 14) reliable radial velocity measurements within five years of observations. We introduce a statistical method to determine the probability of a star showing radial velocity variations based on the whole inhomogeneous radial velocity sample. Using HST photometry and an advanced dynamical MOCCA simulation of this specific cluster we overcome observational biases that previous spectroscopic studies had to deal with. This allows us to infer a binary frequency in the MUSE field of view and enables us to deduce the underlying true binary frequency of (6.75 +/- 0.72)\% in NGC 3201. The comparison of the MUSE observations with the MOCCA simulation suggests a large portion of primordial binaries. We can also confirm a radial increase in the binary fraction towards the cluster centre due to mass segregation. We discovered that in the core of NGC 3201 at least (57.5 +/- 7.9)\% of blue straggler stars are in a binary system. For the first time in a study of globular clusters, we were able to fit Keplerian orbits to a significant sample of 95 binaries. We present the binary system properties of eleven blue straggler stars and the connection to SX Phoenicis-type stars. We show evidence that two blue straggler formation scenarios, the mass transfer in binary (or triple) star systems and the coalescence due to binary-binary interactions, are present in our data. We also describe the binary and spectroscopic properties of four sub-subgiant (or red straggler) stars. Furthermore, we discovered two new black hole candidates with minimum masses (M sin i) of (7.68 +/- 0.50)M-circle dot, (4.4 +/- 2.8)M-circle dot, and refine the minimum mass estimate on the already published black hole to (4.53 +/- 0.21)M-circle dot, These black holes are consistent with an extensive black hole subsystem hosted by NGC 3201.}, language = {en} } @article{GoettgensHusserKamannetal.2019, author = {G{\"o}ttgens, Fabian and Husser, Tim-Oliver and Kamann, Sebastian and Dreizler, Stefan and Giesers, Benjamin and Kollatschny, Wolfram and Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Roth, Martin M. and Wendt, Martin}, title = {A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: A spectral catalogue of emission-line sources}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {631}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201936485}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aims. Globular clusters produce many exotic stars due to a much higher frequency of dynamical interactions in their dense stellar environments. Some of these objects were observed together with several hundred thousand other stars in our MUSE survey of 26 Galactic globular clusters. Assuming that at least a few exotic stars have exotic spectra (i.e. spectra that contain emission lines), we can use this large spectroscopic data set of over a million stellar spectra as a blind survey to detect stellar exotica in globular clusters. Methods. To detect emission lines in each spectrum, we modelled the expected shape of an emission line as a Gaussian curve. This template was used for matched filtering on the di fferences between each observed 1D spectrum and its fitted spectral model. The spectra with the most significant detections of H alpha emission are checked visually and cross-matched with published catalogues. Results. We find 156 stars with H alpha emission, including several known cataclysmic variables (CV) and two new CVs, pulsating variable stars, eclipsing binary stars, the optical counterpart of a known black hole, several probable sub-subgiants and red stragglers, and 21 background emission-line galaxies. We find possible optical counterparts to 39 X-ray sources, as we detected H alpha emission in several spectra of stars that are close to known positions of Chandra X-ray sources. This spectral catalogue can be used to supplement existing or future X-ray or radio observations with spectra of potential optical counterparts to classify the sources.}, language = {en} } @article{KamannHusserDreizleretal.2017, author = {Kamann, Sebastian and Husser, T. -O. and Dreizler, S. and Emsellem, E. and Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Martens, S. and Bacon, R. and den Brok, M. and Giesers, B. and Krajnovic, Davor and Roth, Martin M. and Wendt, Martin and Wisotzki, Lutz}, title = {A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {473}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx2719}, pages = {5591 -- 5616}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This is the first of a series of papers presenting the results from our survey of 25 Galactic globular clusters with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph. In combination with our dedicated algorithm for source deblending, MUSE provides unique multiplex capabilities in crowded stellar fields and allows us to acquire samples of up to 20 000 stars within the half-light radius of each cluster. The present paper focuses on the analysis of the internal dynamics of 22 out of the 25 clusters, using about 500 000 spectra of 200 000 individual stars. Thanks to the large stellar samples per cluster, we are able to perform a detailed analysis of the central rotation and dispersion fields using both radial profiles and two-dimensional maps. The velocity dispersion profiles we derive show a good general agreement with existing radial velocity studies but typically reach closer to the cluster centres. By comparison with proper motion data, we derive or update the dynamical distance estimates to 14 clusters. Compared to previous dynamical distance estimates for 47 Tuc, our value is in much better agreement with other methods. We further find significant (>3 sigma) rotation in the majority (13/22) of our clusters. Our analysis seems to confirm earlier findings of a link between rotation and the ellipticities of globular clusters. In addition, we find a correlation between the strengths of internal rotation and the relaxation times of the clusters, suggesting that the central rotation fields are relics of the cluster formation that are gradually dissipated via two-body relaxation.}, language = {en} } @article{Scheffler2002, author = {Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {A stature of one meter : how is the variability?}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{ScheweLevermann2012, author = {Schewe, Jacob and Levermann, Anders}, title = {A statistically predictive model for future monsoon failure in India}, series = {Environmental research letters}, volume = {7}, journal = {Environmental research letters}, number = {4}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-9326}, doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044023}, pages = {9}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Indian monsoon rainfall is vital for a large share of the world's population. Both reliably projecting India's future precipitation and unraveling abrupt cessations of monsoon rainfall found in paleorecords require improved understanding of its stability properties. While details of monsoon circulations and the associated rainfall are complex, full-season failure is dominated by large-scale positive feedbacks within the region. Here we find that in a comprehensive climate model, monsoon failure is possible but very rare under pre-industrial conditions, while under future warming it becomes much more frequent. We identify the fundamental intraseasonal feedbacks that are responsible for monsoon failure in the climate model, relate these to observational data, and build a statistically predictive model for such failure. This model provides a simple dynamical explanation for future changes in the frequency distribution of seasonal mean all-Indian rainfall. Forced only by global mean temperature and the strength of the Pacific Walker circulation in spring, it reproduces the trend as well as the multidecadal variability in the mean and skewness of the distribution, as found in the climate model. The approach offers an alternative perspective on large-scale monsoon variability as the result of internal instabilities modulated by pre-seasonal ambient climate conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{SpahnVieiraNetoGuimaraesetal.2014, author = {Spahn, Frank and Vieira Neto, E. and Guimaraes, A. H. F. and Gorban, A. N. and Brilliantov, Nikolai V.}, title = {A statistical model of aggregate fragmentation}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {16}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013031}, pages = {11}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A statistical model of fragmentation of aggregates is proposed, based on the stochastic propagation of cracks through the body. The propagation rules are formulated on a lattice and mimic two important features of the process-a crack moves against the stress gradient while dissipating energy during its growth. We perform numerical simulations of the model for two-dimensional lattice and reveal that the mass distribution for small-and intermediate-size fragments obeys a power law, F(m) proportional to m(-3/2), in agreement with experimental observations. We develop an analytical theory which explains the detected power law and demonstrate that the overall fragment mass distribution in our model agrees qualitatively with that one observed in experiments.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2018, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A statistical model for earthquake recurrence based on the assimilation of paleoseismicity, historic seismicity, and instrumental seismicity}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {123}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2017JB015099}, pages = {4906 -- 4921}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Paleoearthquakes and historic earthquakes are the most important source of information for the estimation of long-term earthquake recurrence intervals in fault zones, because corresponding sequences cover more than one seismic cycle. However, these events are often rare, dating uncertainties are enormous, and missing or misinterpreted events lead to additional problems. In the present study, I assume that the time to the next major earthquake depends on the rate of small and intermediate events between the large ones in terms of a clock change model. Mathematically, this leads to a Brownian passage time distribution for recurrence intervals. I take advantage of an earlier finding that under certain assumptions the aperiodicity of this distribution can be related to the Gutenberg-Richter b value, which can be estimated easily from instrumental seismicity in the region under consideration. In this way, both parameters of the Brownian passage time distribution can be attributed with accessible seismological quantities. This allows to reduce the uncertainties in the estimation of the mean recurrence interval, especially for short paleoearthquake sequences and high dating errors. Using a Bayesian framework for parameter estimation results in a statistical model for earthquake recurrence intervals that assimilates in a simple way paleoearthquake sequences and instrumental data. I present illustrative case studies from Southern California and compare the method with the commonly used approach of exponentially distributed recurrence times based on a stationary Poisson process.}, language = {en} } @article{PickEffenbergerZhelavskayaetal.2019, author = {Pick, Leonie and Effenberger, Frederic and Zhelavskaya, Irina and Korte, Monika}, title = {A Statistical Classifier for Historical Geomagnetic Storm Drivers Derived Solely From Ground-Based Magnetic Field Measurements}, series = {Earth and Space Science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Earth and Space Science}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {2333-5084}, doi = {10.1029/2019EA000726}, pages = {2000 -- 2015}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Solar wind observations show that geomagnetic storms are mainly driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and corotating or stream interaction regions (C/SIRs). We present a binary classifier that assigns one of these drivers to 7,546 storms between 1930 and 2015 using ground-based geomagnetic field observations only. The input data consists of the long-term stable Hourly Magnetospheric Currents index alongside the corresponding midlatitude geomagnetic observatory time series. This data set provides comprehensive information on the global storm time magnetic disturbance field, particularly its spatial variability, over eight solar cycles. For the first time, we use this information statistically with regard to an automated storm driver identification. Our supervised classification model significantly outperforms unskilled baseline models (78\% accuracy with 26[19]\% misidentified interplanetary coronal mass ejections [corotating or stream interaction regions]) and delivers plausible driver occurrences with regard to storm intensity and solar cycle phase. Our results can readily be used to advance related studies fundamental to space weather research, for example, studies connecting galactic cosmic ray modulation and geomagnetic disturbances. They are fully reproducible by means of the underlying open-source software (Pick, 2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.3.2019.003)}, language = {en} } @article{GrimmBergerBastiansenetal.2006, author = {Grimm, Volker and Berger, Uta and Bastiansen, Finn and Eliassen, Sigrunn and Ginot, Vincent and Giske, Jarl and Goss-Custard, John and Grand, Tamara and Heinz, Simone K. and Huse, Geir and Huth, Andreas and Jepsen, Jane U. and Jorgensen, Christian and Mooij, Wolf M. and Mueller, Birgit and Piou, Cyril and Railsback, Steven Floyd and Robbins, Andrew M. and Robbins, Martha M. and Rossmanith, Eva and Rueger, Nadja and Strand, Espen and Souissi, Sami and Stillman, Richard A. and Vabo, Rune and Visser, Ute and DeAngelis, Donald L.}, title = {A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {198}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023}, pages = {115 -- 126}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Simulation models that describe autonomous individual organisms (individual based models, IBM) or agents (agent-based models, ABM) have become a widely used tool, not only in ecology, but also in many other disciplines dealing with complex systems made up of autonomous entities. However, there is no standard protocol for describing such simulation models, which can make them difficult to understand and to duplicate. This paper presents a proposed standard protocol, ODD, for describing IBMs and ABMs, developed and tested by 28 modellers who cover a wide range of fields within ecology. This protocol consists of three blocks (Overview, Design concepts, and Details), which are subdivided into seven elements: Purpose, State variables and scales, Process overview and scheduling, Design concepts, Initialization, Input, and Submodels. We explain which aspects of a model should be described in each element, and we present an example to illustrate the protocol in use. In addition, 19 examples are available in an Online Appendix. We consider ODD as a first step for establishing a more detailed common format of the description of IBMs and ABMs. Once initiated, the protocol will hopefully evolve as it becomes used by a sufficiently large proportion of modellers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{RolfPauleitWiggering2018, author = {Rolf, Werner and Pauleit, Stephan and Wiggering, Hubert}, title = {A stakeholder approach, door opener for farmland and multifunctionality in urban green infrastructure}, series = {Urban forestry \& urban greening}, volume = {40}, journal = {Urban forestry \& urban greening}, publisher = {Urban \& Fischer}, address = {Jena}, issn = {1618-8667}, doi = {10.1016/j.ufug.2018.07.012}, pages = {73 -- 83}, year = {2018}, abstract = {During the last years Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) has evolved as a research focus across Europe. UGI can be understood as a multifunctional network of different urban green spaces and elements contributing to urban benefits. Urban agriculture has gained increasing research interest in this context. While a strong focus has been made on functions and benefits of small scale activities, the question is still open, whether these findings can be up-scaled and transferred to the farmland scale. Furthermore, multifunctionality of urban and peri-urban agriculture is rarely being considered in the landscape context. This research aims to address these gaps and harnesses the question if agricultural landscapes - which in many European metropolitan regions provide significant spatial potential - can contribute to UGI as multifunctional green spaces. This work considers multifunctionality qualitatively based on stakeholder opinion, using a participatory research approach. This study provides new insights in peri-urban farmland potentials for UGI development, resulting into a strategy framework. Furthermore, it reflects on the role of the stakeholder involvement for `multifunctionality planning´. It suggests that it helps to define meaningful bundles of intertwined functions that interact on different scales, helping to deal with non-linearity of multiple functions and to better manage them simultaneously.}, language = {en} } @article{PaeschkeWollenbergerUhligetal.1995, author = {Paeschke, Manfred and Wollenberger, Ursula and Uhlig, A. and Schnakenberg, Uwe and Wagner, B. and Hintsche, R.}, title = {A stacked multichannel amperometric detection system}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{BommerCoppersmithCoppersmithetal.2015, author = {Bommer, Julian J. and Coppersmith, Kevin J. and Coppersmith, Ryan T. and Hanson, Kathryn L. and Mangongolo, Azangi and Neveling, Johann and Rathje, Ellen M. and Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian and Scherbaum, Frank and Shelembe, Refilwe and Stafford, Peter J. and Strasser, Fleur O.}, title = {A SSHAC Level 3 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for a New-Build Nuclear Site in South Africa}, series = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}, volume = {31}, journal = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}, number = {2}, publisher = {Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}, address = {Oakland}, issn = {8755-2930}, doi = {10.1193/060913EQS145M}, pages = {661 -- 698}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis has been conducted for a potential nuclear power plant site on the coast of South Africa, a country of low-to-moderate seismicity. The hazard study was conducted as a SSHAC Level 3 process, the first application of this approach outside North America. Extensive geological investigations identified five fault sources with a non-zero probability of being seismogenic. Five area sources were defined for distributed seismicity, the least active being the host zone for which the low recurrence rates for earthquakes were substantiated through investigations of historical seismicity. Empirical ground-motion prediction equations were adjusted to a horizon within the bedrock at the site using kappa values inferred from weak-motion analyses. These adjusted models were then scaled to create new equations capturing the range of epistemic uncertainty in this region with no strong motion recordings. Surface motions were obtained by convolving the bedrock motions with site amplification functions calculated using measured shear-wave velocity profiles.}, language = {en} } @article{HustonKornhuberMuehleetal.2016, author = {Huston, Joseph P. and Kornhuber, Johannes and Muehle, Christiane and Japtok, Lukasz and Komorowski, Mara and Mattern, Claudia and Reichel, Martin and Gulbins, Erich and Kleuser, Burkhard and Topic, Bianca and Silva, Maria A. De Souza and Mueller, Christian P.}, title = {A sphingolipid mechanism for behavioral extinction}, series = {Journal of neurochemistry}, volume = {137}, journal = {Journal of neurochemistry}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0022-3042}, doi = {10.1111/jnc.13537}, pages = {589 -- 603}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Reward-dependent instrumental behavior must continuously be re-adjusted according to environmental conditions. Failure to adapt to changes in reward contingencies may incur psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. When an expected reward is omitted, behavior undergoes extinction. While extinction involves active re-learning, it is also accompanied by emotional behaviors indicative of frustration, anxiety, and despair (extinction-induced depression). Here, we report evidence for a sphingolipid mechanism in the extinction of behavior. Rapid extinction, indicating efficient re-learning, coincided with a decrease in the activity of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which catalyzes turnover of sphingomyelin to ceramide, in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. The stronger the decline in ASM activity, the more rapid was the extinction. Sphingolipid-focused lipidomic analysis showed that this results in a decline of local ceramide species in the dorsal hippocampus. Ceramides shape the fluidity of lipid rafts in synaptic membranes and by that way can control neural plasticity. We also found that aging modifies activity of enzymes and ceramide levels in selective brain regions. Aging also changed how the chronic treatment with corticosterone (stress) or intranasal dopamine modified regional enzyme activity and ceramide levels, coinciding with rate of extinction. These data provide first evidence for a functional ASM-ceramide pathway in the brain involved in the extinction of learned behavior. This finding extends the known cellular mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity to a new class of membrane-located molecules, the sphingolipids, and their regulatory enzymes, and may offer new treatment targets for extinction- and learning-related psychopathological conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{VolohonskyTubyPoratetal.2002, author = {Volohonsky, Gloria and Tuby, Chen N. Y. H. and Porat, Noga and Wellman-Rousseau, Maria and Visvikis, Athanase and Leroy, Pierre and Rashi, Sharon and Steinberg, Pablo and Stark, Avishay Abraham}, title = {A spectrophotometric assay of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase in crude extracts from tissues and cultured mammalian cells}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{AndreeHeywoodSchwanetal.2018, author = {Andree, Kai and Heywood, John S. and Schwan, Mike and Wang, Zheng}, title = {A spatial model of cartel stability}, series = {Bulletin of economic research}, volume = {70}, journal = {Bulletin of economic research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0307-3378}, doi = {10.1111/boer.12149}, pages = {298 -- 311}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We uniquely introduce convex production costs into a cartel model involving spatial price discrimination. We demonstrate that greater convexity improves cartel stability and that for sufficient convexity first best locations will be adopted. We show that allowing locations to vary over the game reduces cartel stability but that greater convexity continues to improve that stability. Moreover, when the degree of convexity does not support the first best collusive locations, other collusive locations exist that require less stability and these may either increase or decrease social welfare relative to competition. Critically, these locations that require less stability are more dispersed in sharp contrast to the known result assuming linear production costs.}, language = {en} } @article{SereshkiLomholtMetzler2012, author = {Sereshki, L. E. and Lomholt, M. A. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {A solution to the subdiffusion-efficiency paradox inactive states enhance reaction efficiency at subdiffusion conditions in living cells}, series = {epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics}, volume = {97}, journal = {epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Mulhouse}, issn = {0295-5075}, doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/97/20008}, pages = {6}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Macromolecular crowding in living biological cells effects subdiffusion of larger biomolecules such as proteins and enzymes. Mimicking this subdiffusion in terms of random walks on a critical percolation cluster, we here present a case study of EcoRV restriction enzymes involved in vital cellular defence. We show that due to its so far elusive propensity to an inactive state the enzyme avoids non-specific binding and remains well-distributed in the bulk cytoplasm of the cell. Despite the reduced volume exploration capability of subdiffusion processes, this mechanism guarantees a high efficiency of the enzyme. By variation of the non-specific binding constant and the bond occupation probability on the percolation network, we demonstrate that reduced nonspecific binding are beneficial for efficient subdiffusive enzyme activity even in relatively small bacteria cells. Our results corroborate a more local picture of cellular regulation.}, language = {en} } @article{KoertingKoellnerKurasetal.2021, author = {K{\"o}rting, Friederike Magdalena and K{\"o}llner, Nicole and Kuras, Agnieszka and B{\"o}sche, Nina Kristin and Rogass, Christian and Mielke, Christian and Elger, Kirsten and Altenberger, Uwe}, title = {A solar optical hyperspectral library of rare-earth-bearing minerals, rare-earth oxide powders, copper-bearing minerals and Apliki mine surface samples}, series = {Earth system science data : ESSD}, volume = {13}, journal = {Earth system science data : ESSD}, publisher = {Copernics Publications}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, issn = {1866-3508}, doi = {10.5194/essd-13-923-2021}, pages = {923 -- 942}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mineral resource exploration and mining is an essential part of today's high-tech industry. Elements such as rare-earth elements (REEs) and copper are, therefore, in high demand. Modern exploration techniques from multiple platforms (e.g., spaceborne and airborne), to detect and map the spectral characteristics of the materials of interest, require spectral libraries as an essential reference. They include field and laboratory spectral information in combination with geochemical analyses for validation. Here, we present a collection of REE- and copper-related hyperspectral spectra with associated geochemical information. The libraries contain reflectance spectra from rare-earth element oxides, REE-bearing minerals, copper-bearing minerals and mine surface samples from the Apliki copper-gold-pyrite mine in the Republic of Cyprus. The samples were measured with the HySpex imaging spectrometers in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) range (400-2500 nm). The geochemical validation of each sample is provided with the reflectance spectra. The spectral libraries are openly available to assist future mineral mapping campaigns and laboratory spectroscopic analyses. The spectral libraries and corresponding geochemistry are published via GFZ Data Services with the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.004 (13 REE-bearing minerals and 16 oxide powders, Koerting et al., 2019a), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.003 (20 copper-bearing minerals, Koellner et al., 2019), and https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2019.005 (37 copper-bearing surface material samples from the Apliki coppergold-pyrite mine in Cyprus, Koerting et al., 2019b). All spectral libraries are united and comparable by the internally consistent method of hyperspectral data acquisition in the laboratory.}, language = {en} } @article{Hildebrandt2014, author = {Hildebrandt, Dieter}, title = {A software reference architecture for service-oriented 3D geovisualization systems}, series = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, volume = {3}, journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2220-9964}, doi = {10.3390/ijgi3041445}, pages = {1445 -- 1490}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @article{BeyeFoehlisch2011, author = {Beye, Martin and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {A soft X-ray approach to electron-phonon interactions beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation}, series = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, volume = {184}, journal = {Journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena : the international journal on theoretical and experimental aspects of electron spectroscopy}, number = {3-6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0368-2048}, doi = {10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.032}, pages = {313 -- 317}, year = {2011}, abstract = {With modern soft X-ray methods, the whole field of electron-phonon interactions becomes accessible directly in the ultrafast time domain with ultrashort pulsed X-ray sources, as well as in the energy domain through modern highly resolving spectrometers. The well-known core-hole clock approach plays an intermediate role, resolving energetic and temporal features at the same time. In this perspective paper, we review several experiments to illustrate the modern advances in the selective study of electron-phonon interactions as fundamentally determining ingredients for materials properties. We present the different complementary approaches that can be taken with soft X-ray methods to conquer this field beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.}, language = {en} } @article{BalderjahnAppenfeller2023, author = {Balderjahn, Ingo and Appenfeller, Dennis}, title = {A social marketing approach to voluntary simplicity}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {15}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su15032302}, pages = {17}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Higher eco-efficiency will not be enough to slow global warming caused by climate change. To keep global warming to 2 degrees, people also need to reduce their consumption. At present, however, many who would be able to do so seem unwilling to comply. Given the threats of a runaway climate change, urgent measures are needed to promote less personal consumption. This study, therefore, examines whether social marketing consume-less appeals can be used to encourage consumers to voluntarily abstain from consumption. As part of an online experiment with nearly 2000 randomly sampled users of an online platform for sustainable consumption, we tested the effectiveness of five different "consume-less" appeals based on traditional advertising formats (including emotional, informational, and social claims). The study shows that consume-less appeals are capable of limiting personal desire to buy. However, significant differences in the effectiveness of the appeal formats used in this study were observed. In addition, we found evidence of rebound effects, which leads us to critically evaluate the overall potential of social marketing to promote more resource-conserving lifestyles. While commercial consumer-free appeals have previously been studied (e.g., Patagonia's "Don't Buy This Jacked"), this study on the effectiveness of non-commercial consume-free appeals is novel and provides new insights.}, language = {en} } @article{KozlevcarMateJaglicicetal.2009, author = {Kozlevcar, Bojan and Mate, Elizabeta and Jaglicic, Zvonko and Glažar, Lea and Golobic, Amalija and Strauch, Peter and Moncol, Jan and Kitanovski, Nives and {\`e}egedin, Primož}, title = {A small methanoato ligand in the structural differentiation of copper(II) complexes}, issn = {0277-5387}, doi = {10.1016/j.poly.2009.05.066}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Several copper(II) methanoato complexes, namely mononuclear [Cu(O2CH)(2)(2-mpy)(2)] (1) (2-mpy = 2- methylpyridine), binuclear [Cu-2(mu-O2CH)(4)(2-mpy)(2)] (2), and the polynuclear {[Cu(mu-O2CH)(2)(2-mpy)(2)] [Cu-2(mu- O2CH)(4)]}(n) (3) and {Na-2[Cu(mu-O2CH)(2)(O2CH)(2)][Cu-2(mu-O2CH)(4)]}(n) (4), have been synthesized. The mononuclear complex I is formed by two asymmetric chelate methanoate anions and two 2-methylpyridine molecules, giving a highly distorted 'elongated octahedral' coordination sphere. Complex I decomposes outside the mother-liquid, transforming into a regular isolated binuclear paddle-wheel complex 2 with four intra-binuclear bridging methanoates and two axial 2-mpy ligands. The polynuclear complex 3 is formed of alternate mononuclear and binuclear building blocks resembling the central cores of I and 2, but with significant differences, especially for the methanoates of the mononuclear units. The oxygen atom of the mononuclear unit in the octahedral axial position in 3 is simultaneously coordinated to the axial position of the binuclear paddle-wheel central core, thus enabling a chain type of structure. A chain of alternate mononuclear and binuclear building blocks, as in the neutral compound 3. are found as well in the ionic polymeric compound 4, though two types of bridges are found in 4, while there is only one type in 3. Namely, the axial position of the octahedral mononuclear unit in 4 is occupied by the methanoate oxygen atom that is already a part of the binuclear paddle-wheel unit, while one equatorial methanoate from the mononuclear unit serves as a triatomic bridge to the axial position of the binuclear building block. A very strong antiferromagnetic interaction is found for all the complexes with the paddle-wheel building blocks [Cu-2(mu-O2CH)(4)] 2-4 (-2J = 444-482 cm(-1)), attributed to the methanoate intra-binuclear bridges. On the other hand, this strong antiferromagnetism, found already at room temperature, reduces the intensity of the EPR S = 1 spin signals reported for the isolated paddle-wheel complex 2. For the polymeric 3, only the spin S = 1/2 signals are found in the EPR spectra, and they are assigned to the mononuclear building blocks. No signals with a clear origin are however seen in the room temperature EPR spectrum of the polymeric analogue 4, only the S = 1/2 signals in the low temperature spectra. This feature is suggested to be due to a specific influence between the adjacent S = 1 (binuclear) and S = 1/2 (mononuclear) species via their bridges.}, language = {en} } @article{FuechselTremblaySaalfrank2014, author = {F{\"u}chsel, Gernot and Tremblay, Jean Christophe and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {A six-dimensional potential energy surface for Ru(0001)(2x2):CO}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {141}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.4894083}, pages = {9}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We present a new global ground state potential energy surface (PES) for carbon monoxide at a coverage of 1/4, on a rigid Ru(0001) surface [Ru(0001)(2x2):CO]. All six adsorbate degrees of freedom are considered. For constructing the PES, we make use of more than 90 000 points calculated with periodic density functional theory using the RPBE exchange-correlation functional and an empirical van der Waals correction. These points are used for interpolation, utilizing a symmetry-adapted corrugation reducing procedure (CRP). Three different interpolation schemes with increasing accuracy have been realized, giving rise to three flavours of the CRP PES. The CRP PES yields in agreement with the DFT reference and experiments, the atop position of CO to be the most stable adsorption geometry, for the most accurate interpolation with an adsorption energy of 1.69 eV. The CRP PES shows that diffusion parallel to the surface is hindered by a barrier of 430 meV, and that dissociation is facilitated but still activated. As a first "real" application and further test of the new potential, the six-dimensional vibrational Schrodinger equation is solved variationally to arrive at fully coupled, anharmonic frequencies and vibrational wavefunctions for the vibrating, adsorbed CO molecule. Good agreement with experiment is found also here. Being analytical, the new PES opens an efficient way towards multidimensional dynamics. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.}, language = {en} } @article{ForbrigerGaoMalischewskyetal.2020, author = {Forbriger, Thomas and Gao, Lingli and Malischewsky, Peter and Ohrnberger, Matthias and Pan, Yudi}, title = {A single Rayleigh mode may exist with multiple values of phase-velocity at one frequency}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {222}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaa123}, pages = {582 -- 594}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Other than commonly assumed in seismology, the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves is not necessarily a single-valued function of frequency. In fact, a single Rayleigh mode can exist with three different values of phase velocity at one frequency. We demonstrate this for the first higher mode on a realistic shallow seismic structure of a homogeneous layer of unconsolidated sediments on top of a half-space of solid rock (LOH). In the case of LOH a significant contrast to the half-space is required to produce the phenomenon. In a simpler structure of a homogeneous layer with fixed (rigid) bottom (LFB) the phenomenon exists for values of Poisson's ratio between 0.19 and 0.5 and is most pronounced for P-wave velocity being three times S-wave velocity (Poisson's ratio of 0.4375). A pavement-like structure (PAV) of two layers on top of a half-space produces the multivaluedness for the fundamental mode. Programs for the computation of synthetic dispersion curves are prone to trouble in such cases. Many of them use mode-follower algorithms which loose track of the dispersion curve and miss the multivalued section. We show results for well established programs. Their inability to properly handle these cases might be one reason why the phenomenon of multivaluedness went unnoticed in seismological Rayleigh wave research for so long. For the very same reason methods of dispersion analysis must fail if they imply wave number k(l)(omega) for the lth Rayleigh mode to be a single-valued function of frequency.. This applies in particular to deconvolution methods like phase-matched filters. We demonstrate that a slant-stack analysis fails in the multivalued section, while a Fourier-Bessel transformation captures the complete Rayleigh-wave signal. Waves of finite bandwidth in the multivalued section propagate with positive group-velocity and negative phase-velocity. Their eigenfunctions appear conventional and contain no conspicuous feature.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzlGodecOshaninetal.2016, author = {Schwarzl, Maria and Godec, Aljaz and Oshanin, Gleb and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {A single predator charging a herd of prey: effects of self volume and predator-prey decision-making}, series = {Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1751-8113}, doi = {10.1088/1751-8113/49/22/225601}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We study the degree of success of a single predator hunting a herd of prey on a two-dimensional square lattice landscape. We explicitly consider the self volume of the prey restraining their dynamics on the lattice. The movement of both predator and prey is chosen to include an intelligent, decision making step based on their respective sighting ranges, the radius in which they can detect the other species (prey cannot recognise each other besides the self volume interaction): after spotting each other the motion of prey and predator turns from a nearest neighbour random walk into directed escape or chase, respectively. We consider a large range of prey densities and sighting ranges and compute the mean first passage time for a predator to catch a prey as well as characterise the effective dynamics of the hunted prey. We find that the prey's sighting range dominates their life expectancy and the predator profits more from a bad eyesight of the prey than from his own good eye sight. We characterise the dynamics in terms of the mean distance between the predator and the nearest prey. It turns out that effectively the dynamics of this distance coordinate can be captured in terms of a simple Ornstein-Uhlenbeck picture. Reducing the many-body problem to a simple two-body problem by imagining predator and nearest prey to be connected by an effective Hookean bond, all features of the model such as prey density and sighting ranges merge into the effective binding constant.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtKrehl2011, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Krehl, Stefan}, title = {A single precatalyst tandem RCM-allylic oxidation sequence}, series = {Chemical communications}, volume = {47}, journal = {Chemical communications}, number = {20}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1359-7345}, doi = {10.1039/c1cc11347j}, pages = {5879 -- 5881}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Ring closing metathesis of allyloxy styrenes and a subsequent Ru-catalyzed allylic oxidation can be combined to a tandem sequence that makes coumarins accessible using less active but more conveniently available first generation catalysts.}, language = {en} } @article{HuberLeziusReibisetal.2015, author = {Huber, Matthias and Lezius, Susanne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Treszl, Andras and Kujawinska, Dorota and Jakob, Stefanie and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Kreutz, Reinhold}, title = {A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism near the CYP17A1 Gene Is Associated with Left Ventricular Mass in Hypertensive Patients under Pharmacotherapy}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {16}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms160817456}, pages = {17456 -- 17468}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) catalyses the formation and metabolism of steroid hormones. They are involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, altered function of CYP17A1 due to genetic variants may influence BP and left ventricular mass. Notably, genome wide association studies supported the role of this enzyme in BP control. Against this background, we investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or nearby the CYP17A1 gene with BP and left ventricular mass in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular organ damage treated according to guidelines. Patients (n = 1007, mean age 58.0 +/- 9.8 years, 83\% men) with arterial hypertension and cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40\% were enrolled in the study. Cardiac parameters of left ventricular mass, geometry and function were determined by echocardiography. The cohort comprised patients with coronary heart disease (n = 823; 81.7\%) and myocardial infarction (n = 545; 54.1\%) with a mean LVEF of 59.9\% +/- 9.3\%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 52.1 +/- 21.2 g/m(2.7) and 485 (48.2\%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no significant association of any investigated SNP (rs619824, rs743572, rs1004467, rs11191548, rs17115100) with mean 24 h systolic or diastolic BP. However, carriers of the rs11191548 C allele demonstrated a 7\% increase in LVMI (95\% CI: 1\%-12\%, p = 0.017) compared to non-carriers. The CYP17A1 polymorphism rs11191548 demonstrated a significant association with LVMI in patients with arterial hypertension and preserved LVEF. Thus, CYP17A1 may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in this clinical condition.}, language = {en} } @article{FotiDorendorfLeimkuehler2017, author = {Foti, Alessandro and Dorendorf, Frank and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {A single nucleotide polymorphism causes enhanced radical oxygen species production by human aldehyde oxidase}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {12}, journal = {PLoS one}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0182061}, pages = {18338 -- 18347}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are molybdo-flavoenzymes characterized by broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes into the corresponding carboxylic acids and hydroxylating various heteroaromatic rings. The enzymes use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and produce reduced oxygen species during turnover. The physiological function of mammalian AOX isoenzymes is still unclear, however, human AOX (hAOX1) is an emerging enzyme in phase-I drug metabolism. Indeed, the number of xenobiotics acting as hAOX1 substrates is increasing. Further, numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified within the hAOX1 gene. SNPs are a major source of inter-individual variability in the human population, and SNP-based amino acid exchanges in hAOX1 reportedly modulate the catalytic function of the enzyme in either a positive or negative fashion. In this report we selected ten novel SNPs resulting in amino acid exchanges in proximity to the FAD site of hAOX1 and characterized the purified enzymes after heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The hAOX1 variants were characterized carefully by quantitative differences in their ability to produce superoxide radical. ROS represent prominent key molecules in physiological and pathological conditions in the cell. Our data reveal significant alterations in superoxide anion production among the variants. In particular the SNP-based amino acid exchange L438V in proximity to the isoalloxanzine ring of the FAD cofactor resulted in increased rate of superoxide radical production of 75\%. Considering the high toxicity of the superoxide in the cell, the hAOX1-L438V SNP variant is an eventual candidate for critical or pathological roles of this natural variant within the human population.}, language = {en} }