@article{ZimmermannSchinnFranckeetal.2013,
  author    = {Zimmermann, Alexander and Schinn, Dustin S. and Francke, Till and Elsenbeer, Helmut and Zimmermann, Beate},
  title     = {Uncovering patterns of near-surface saturated hydraulic conductivity in an overland flow-controlled landscape},
  series = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
  volume    = {195},
  journal   = {Geoderma : an international journal of soil science},
  number    = {169},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0016-7061},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.002},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) is an important soil characteristic affecting soil water storage, runoff generation and erosion processes. In some areas where high-intensity rainfall coincides with low K-s values at shallow soil depths, frequent overland flow entails dense drainage networks. Consequently, linear structures such as flowlines alternate with inter-flowline areas. So far, investigations of the spatial variability of K-s mainly relied on isotropic covariance models which are unsuitable to reveal patterns resulting from linear structures. In the present study, we applied two sampling approaches so as to adequately characterize K-s spatial variability in a tropical forest catchment that features a high density of flowlines: A classical nested sampling survey and a purposive sampling strategy adapted to the presence of flowlines. The nested sampling approach revealed the dominance of small-scale variability, which is in line with previous findings. Our purposive sampling, however, detected a strong spatial gradient: surface K-s increased substantially as a function of distance to flowline; 10 m off flowlines, values were similar to the spatial mean of K-s. This deterministic trend can be included as a fixed effect in a linear mixed modeling framework to obtain realistic spatial fields of K-s. In a next step we used probability maps based on those fields and prevailing rainfall intensities to assess the hydrological relevance of the detected pattern. This approach suggests a particularly good agreement between the probability statements of K-s exceedance and observed overland flow occurrence during wet stages of the rainy season.},
  language  = {en}
}