@misc{Krahe2017, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Violence against women}, series = {Current opinion in psychology}, volume = {19}, journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-250X}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.017}, pages = {6 -- 10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Violence against women causes suffering and misery to victims and their families and places a heavy burden on societies worldwide. It mostly happens within intimate relationships or between people known to each other. Violence against women is a social construction based on a societal consensus about the roles and rights of men and women. Two prevalent forms of violence against women are physical and sexual victimization by an intimate partner, and sexual victimization outside intimate relationships. Explanations of why men engage in aggressive behavior toward women address different levels, including the macro level of society, the micro level of dyadic interactions, and the individual level of perpetrator characteristics. Prevention efforts are needed that address each of these levels.}, language = {en} } @misc{EnsafdaranKraheNjadetal.2019, author = {Ensafdaran, Faride and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Njad, Soodabe Bassak and Arshadi, Nasrin}, title = {Efficacy of different versions of Aggression Replacement Training (ART)}, series = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journal}, volume = {47}, journal = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journal}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1359-1789}, doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.006}, pages = {230 -- 237}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is a multimodal intervention for chronically aggressive youth. The program has been frequently administered in a variety of samples in the original form or in modified versions. This review examines evaluations of the efficacy of ART on aggressive behavior and secondary outcomes in children and youth, including modifications of ART and evaluations of the original version not covered by earlier reviews. Method: Scholarly databases were searched to identify 10 articles reporting 11 independent studies evaluating the efficacy ART in reducing aggressive behavior and improving anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning in children and youth. Results: The majority of studies found positive effects of ART on aggression and other outcomes related to anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning. However, most studies were based on small samples, and few included a control group to evaluate intervention success. Conclusions: The studies reviewed in this paper tentatively suggest that ART is an efficacious intervention to reduce aggressive behavior and improve anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning in at-risk children and youth. However, this conclusion is qualified by a number of methodological limitations that highlight the need for further, more rigorous evaluation studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{WinzerKraheGuest2019, author = {Winzer, Lylla and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Guest, Philip Michael}, title = {The Scale of Sexual Aggression in Southeast Asia: A Review}, series = {Trauma, violence \& abuse}, volume = {20}, journal = {Trauma, violence \& abuse}, number = {5}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1524-8380}, doi = {10.1177/1524838017725312}, pages = {595 -- 612}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world. It is experiencing rapid socioeconomic change that may influence the level of sexual aggression, but data on the scale of sexual aggression in the region remain sparse. The aim of the present article was to systematically review the findings of studies available in English on the prevalence of self-reported sexual aggression and victimization among women and men above the age of 12 years in the 11 countries of Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). Based on four scientific databases, the search engine Google, Opengrey database, and reference checking, 49 studies were found on sexual victimization. Of those, 32 included only women. Self-reported perpetration was assessed by only three studies and included all-male samples. Prevalence rates varied widely across studies but showed that sexual victimization was widespread among different social groups, irrespective of sex and sexual orientation. Methodological heterogeneity, lack of representativeness of samples, imbalance of information available by country, missing information within studies, and cultural differences hampered the comparability between and within countries. There is a need for operationalizations that specifically address sexual aggression occurring after the age of consent, based on detailed behavioral descriptions of unwanted sexual experiences and allied to a qualitative approach with cultural sensitivity. Data on sexual aggression in conflict settings and in human trafficking are also limited. Recommendations for future research are presented in the discussion.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterKrahe2017, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {The prevalence of sexual aggression in Turkey: A systematic review}, series = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa}, volume = {37}, journal = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1359-1789}, doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2017.05.003}, pages = {102 -- 114}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although sexual aggression is recognized as a serious problem worldwide, evidence on the prevalence and impact of sexual aggression is based predominantly on studies from Western countries with a Christian or non-religious majority. Little evidence is available from non-Western countries, especially from Muslim societies. The purpose of the present article was to provide a first systematic review of the studies examining the prevalence of sexual aggression in Turkey, including both victimization and perpetration reports from women and men. Additionally, differences in prevalence rates depending on relationship constellations and characteristics of victims and perpetrators were reviewed. By a two-stage literature search, 56 studies were identified for inclusion. All studies examined sexual victimization of women, only four studies included sexual victimization of men. Data on sexual aggression perpetration were extremely limited, with only two studies providing prevalence rates. Prevalence rates of sexual victimization were found to vary greatly, which may be attributed to a lack of methodological and conceptual consistency across studies. Likewise, no consistent picture was revealed for victims' or perpetrators' sociodemographic or situational characteristics associated with differences in prevalence rates. We discuss reasons for the variability in prevalence rates and outline recommendations for future research.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterKrahe2016, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Abuse of Elders Living at Home: A Review of Recent Prevalence Studies}, series = {International Journal of Behavioral Science}, volume = {11}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Science}, publisher = {Behavioral Science Research Institute, Srinakharinwirot University}, address = {Bangkok}, issn = {1906-4675}, pages = {93 -- 108}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article presents evidence from recent studies on the prevalence of different forms of elder abuse. After a review of definitions and measures of elder abuse, the findings of 20 original studies containing 26 samples from 17 countries published since 2010 are summarized. Overall prevalence rates showed a high variability across studies, ranging from 2.2\% in a study from Ireland to 43.7\% in a study from Egypt. Evidence on gender differences in the vulnerability for abuse and the predominant relationship constellations between abusers and victims did not yield a consistent picture across studies. Conceptual and methodological reasons for the variability in prevalence rates are discussed, and an outlook for future research is presented. In particular, consistent definitions and measures are needed to facilitate the comparative analysis of elder abuse in different studies and cultural contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{KraheTomaszewskaKuyperetal.2014, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Kuyper, Lisette and Vanwesenbeeck, Ine}, title = {Prevalence of sexual aggression among young people in Europe: a review of the evidence from 27 EU countries}, series = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa}, volume = {19}, journal = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1359-1789}, doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.005}, pages = {545 -- 558}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Sexual aggression poses a serious threat to the sexual well-being of young people. This paper documents the available evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization from 27 EU countries, established as part of the Youth Sexual Aggression and Victimization (Y-SAV) project. A total of N = 113 studies were identified through a systematic review of the literature and consultations with experts in each country. Despite differences in the number of available studies, methodology, and sample composition, the review shows substantial prevalence rates of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization across Europe. A wide variation was found, both within and between countries. The lifetime prevalence rates of female sexual victimization, excluding childhood sexual abuse, ranged from 9 to 83\%, the rates of male sexual victimization ranged from 2 to 66\%, the rates of male sexual aggression ranged from 0 to 80\%, and the range of female sexual aggression ranged from 0.8 to 40\%. One-year prevalence rates showed a similar variability. Conceptual and methodological problems in the database are discussed, and an outline is presented for a more harmonized approach to studying the scale of sexual aggression among young people in Europe. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} }