@misc{KumkeFrimmel2002,
  author    = {Kumke, Michael Uwe and Frimmel, Fritz Hartmann},
  title     = {Stationary and time-resolved fluorescence for humic substances characterization},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12353},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods were applied to investigate the fluorescence properties of humic substances of different origins. Using standard 2D emission and total luminescence spectra, fluorescence maxima, the width of the fluorescence band and a relative fluorescence quantum efficiency were determined. Different trends for fulvic acids and humic acids were observed indicating differences in the heterogeneity of the sample fractions. The complexity of the fluorescence decay of humic substances is discussed and compared to simple model compounds. The effect of oxidation of humic substances on their fluorescence properties is discussed as well.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AscherChinReich1994,
  author    = {Ascher, Uri M. and Chin, Hongsheng and Reich, Sebastian},
  title     = {Stabilization of DAEs and invariant manifolds},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15625},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Many methods have been proposed for the stabilization of higher index differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Such methods often involve constraint differentiation and problem stabilization, thus obtaining a stabilized index reduction. A popular method is Baumgarte stabilization, but the choice of parameters to make it robust is unclear in practice. Here we explain why the Baumgarte method may run into trouble. We then show how to improve it. We further develop a unifying theory for stabilization methods which includes many of the various techniques proposed in the literature. Our approach is to (i) consider stabilization of ODEs with invariants, (ii) discretize the stabilizing term in a simple way, generally different from the ODE discretization, and (iii) use orthogonal projections whenever possible. The best methods thus obtained are related to methods of coordinate projection. We discuss them and make concrete algorithmic suggestions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AscherChinPetzoldetal.1994,
  author    = {Ascher, Uri M. and Chin, Hongsheng and Petzold, Linda R. and Reich, Sebastian},
  title     = {Stabilization of constrained mechanical systems with DAEs and invariant manifolds},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15698},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Many methods have been proposed for the simulation of constrained mechanical systems. The most obvious of these have mild instabilities and drift problems. Consequently, stabilization techniques have been proposed A popular stabilization method is Baumgarte's technique, but the choice of parameters to make it robust has been unclear in practice. Some of the simulation methods that have been proposed and used in computations are reviewed here, from a stability point of view. This involves concepts of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and ordinary differential equation (ODE) invariants. An explanation of the difficulties that may be encountered using Baumgarte's method is given, and a discussion of why a further quest for better parameter values for this method will always remain frustrating is presented. It is then shown how Baumgarte's method can be improved. An efficient stabilization technique is proposed, which may employ explicit ODE solvers in case of nonstiff or highly oscillatory problems and which relates to coordinate projection methods. Examples of a two-link planar robotic arm and a squeezing mechanism illustrate the effectiveness of this new stabilization method.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WinklerHeinken2007,
  author    = {Winkler, Eckart and Heinken, Thilo},
  title     = {Spread of an ant-dispersed annual herb : an individual-based simulation study on population development of Melampyrum pratense L.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46491},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The paper presents a simulation and parameter-estimation approach for evaluating stochastic patterns of population growth and spread of an annual forest herb, Melampyrum pratense (Orobanchaceae). The survival of a species during large-scale changes in land use and climate will depend, to a considerable extent, on its dispersal and colonisation abilities. Predictions on species migration need a combination of field studies and modelling efforts. Our study on the ability of M. pratense to disperse into so far unoccupied areas was based on experiments in secondary woodland in NE Germany. Experiments started in 1997 at three sites where the species was not yet present, with 300 seeds sown within one square meter. Population development was then recorded until 2001 by mapping of individuals with a resolution of 5 cm. Additional observations considered density dependence of seed production. We designed a spatially explicit individual-based computer simulation model to explain the spatial patterns of population development and to predict future population spread. Besides primary drop of seeds (barochory) it assumed secondary seed transport by ants (myrmecochory) with an exponentially decreasing dispersal tail. An important feature of populationpattern explanation was the simultaneous estimation of both population-growth and dispersal parameters from consistent spatio-temporal data sets. As the simulation model produced stochastic time series and random spatially discrete distributions of individuals we estimated parameters by minimising the expectation of weighted sums of squares. These sums-ofsquares criteria considered population sizes, radial population distributions around the area of origin and distributions of individuals within squares of 25*25 cm, the range of density action. Optimal parameter values, together with the precision of the estimates, were obtained from calculating sums of squares in regular grids of parameter values. Our modelling results showed that transport of fractions of seeds by ants over distances of 1…2 m was indispensable for explaining the observed population spread that led to distances of at most 8 m from population origin within 3 years. Projections of population development over 4 additional years gave a diffusion-like increase of population area without any "outposts". This prediction generated by the simulation model gave a hypothesis which should be revised by additional field observations. Some structural deviations between observations and model output already indicated that for full understanding of population spread the set of dispersal mechanisms assumed in the model may have to be extended by additional features of plant-animal mutualism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LindenbergerMayrKliegl1993,
  author    = {Lindenberger, Ulman and Mayr, Ulrich and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Speed and intelligence in old age},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40402},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Past research suggests that age differences in measures of cognitive speed contribute to differences in intellectual functioning between young and old adults. To investigate whether speed also predicts age-related differences in intellectual performance beyond age 70 years, tests indicating 5 intellectual abilities—speed, reasoning, memory, knowledge, and fluency—were administered to a close-to-representative, age-stratified sample of old and very old adults. Age trends of all 5 abilities were well described by a negative linear function. The speed-mediated effect of age fully explained the relationship between age and both the common and the specific variance of the other 4 abilities. Results offer strong support for the speed hypothesis of old age cognitive decline but need to be qualified by further research on the reasons underlying age differences in measures of speed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Selting1989,
  author    = {Selting, Margret},
  title     = {Speech style in conversation as an interactive achievement},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43189},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Content: 1. Introduction 2. The notion of speech style: from a dependent variable to contextualization cue 3. Speech styles in conversation from a German Sozialamt 3.1 Extracts from conversation 3.2 Speech style constituting cues 3.3 Choice and alternation of speech styles in conversation 4. Summary and conclusions},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WernerCiceroneKliegletal.1984,
  author    = {Werner, John S. and Cicerone, Carola M. and Kliegl, Reinhold and DellaRosa, Denise},
  title     = {Spectral efficiency of blackness induction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16897},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The spectral efficiency of blackness induction was measured in three normal trichromatic observers and in one deuteranomalous observer. The psychophysical task was to adjust the radiance of a monochromatic 60-120′ annulus until a 45′ central broadband field just turned black and its contour became indiscriminable from a dark surrounding gap that separated it from the annulus. The reciprocal of the radiance required to induce blackness with annulus wavelengths between 420 and 680 nm was used to define a spectral-efficiency function for the blackness component of the achromatic process. For each observer, the shape of this blackness-sensitivity function agreed with the spectral-efficiency function based on heterochromatic flicker photometry when measured with the same 60-120′ annulus. Both of these functions matched the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Vλ function except at short wavelengths. Ancillary measurements showed that the latter difference in sensitivity can be ascribed to nonuniformities of preretinal absorption, since the annular field excluded the central 60′ of the fovea. Thus our evidence indicates that, at least to a good first approximation, induced blackness is inversely related to the spectral-luminosity function. These findings are consistent with a model that separates the achromatic and the chromatic pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ElsenbeerCasselCastro1992,
  author    = {Elsenbeer, Helmut and Cassel, Keith and Castro, Jorge},
  title     = {Spatial analysis of soil hydraulic conductivity in a tropical rain forest catchment},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16979},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {The topography of first-order catchments in a region of western Amazonia was found to exhibit distinctive, recurrent features: a steep, straight lower side slope, a flat or nearly flat terrace at an intermediate elevation between valley floor and interfluve, and an upper side slope connecting interfluve and intermediate terrace. A detailed survey of soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat)-depth relationships, involving 740 undisturbed soil cores, was conducted in a 0.75-ha first-order catchment. The sampling approach was stratified with respect to the above slope units. Exploratory data analysis suggested fourth-root transformation of batches from the 0-0.1 m depth interval, log transformation of batches from the subsequent 0.1 m depth increments, and the use of robust estimators of location and scale. The K sat of the steep lower side slope decreased from 46 to 0.1 mm/h over the overall sampling depth of 0.4 m. The corresponding decrease was from 46 to 0.1 mm/h on the intermediate terrace, from 335 to 0.01 mm/h on the upper side slope, and from 550 to 0.015 mm/h on the interfluve. A depthwise comparison of these slope units led to the formulation of several hypotheses concerning the link between K sat and topography.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AntonLaschewskyWard1995,
  author    = {Anton, Peter and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ward, M. D.},
  title     = {Solubilization control by redox-switching of polysoaps},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17336},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {Reversible changes in the self-organization of polysoaps may be induced by controlling their charge numbers via covalently bound redox moieties. This is illustrated with two viologen polysoaps, which in response to an electrochemical stimulus, change their solubility and aggregation in water, leading from homogeneously dissolved and aggregated molecules to collapsed ones and vice verse. Using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), it could be shown that the reversibility of this process is better than 95\% in 16 cycles.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AntonLaschewsky1994,
  author    = {Anton, Peter and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Solubilization by polysoaps},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17327},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The aqueous solubilization power of several series of micellar homopolymers and copolymers (polysoaps) is investigated. Using five insoluble or poorly water-soluble dyes, comparisons of the capacities are made with respect ot the influence of structural variables such as the polymer backbone, the polymer geometry, the comonomer content, and the charge of the hydrophilic group. Some guidelines for polysoap structures suited for efficient solubilization are established. Noteworthy is that the solubilization capacities of the polysoaps are neither linked to the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, nor to the polarity of the solubilization sites deduced from spectroscopic probes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinkenSchmidtvonOheimbetal.2006,
  author    = {Heinken, Thilo and Schmidt, Marcus and von Oheimb, Goddert and Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich and Ellenberg, Hermann},
  title     = {Soil seed banks near rubbing trees indicate dispersal of plant species into forests by wild boar},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46476},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Current knowledge about processes that generate long-distance dispersal of plants is still limited despite its importance for persistence of populations and colonization of new potential habitats. Today wild large mammals are presumed to be important vectors for long-distance transport of diaspores within and between European temperate forest patches, and in particular wild boars recently came into focus. Here we use a specific habit of wild boar, i.e. wallowing in mud and subsequent rubbing against trees, to evaluate epizoic dispersal of vascular plant diaspores. We present soil seed bank data from 27 rubbing trees versus 27 control trees from seven forest areas in Germany. The mean number of viable seeds and the plant species number were higher in soil samples near rubbing trees compared with control trees. Ten of the 20 most frequent species were more frequent, and many species exclusively appeared in the soil samples near rubbing trees. The large number of plant species and seeds - approximated > 1000 per tree - in the soils near rubbing trees is difficult to explain unless the majority were dispersed by wild boar. Hooked and bristly diaspores, i.e. those adapted to epizoochory, were more frequent, above that many species with unspecialised diaspores occurred exclusively near rubbing trees. Different to plant species closely tied to forest species which occur both in forest and open vegetation, and non-forest species were more frequent near rubbing trees compared with controls. These findings are consistent with previous studies on diaspore loads in the coats and hooves of shot wild boars. However, our method allows to identify the transport of diaspores from the open landscape into forest stands where they might especially emerge after disturbance, and a clustered distribution of epizoochorically dispersed seeds. Moreover, accumulation of seeds of wetness indicators near rubbing trees demonstrates directed dispersal of plant species inhabiting wet places between remote wallows.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1991,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Social psychological issues in the study of rape},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33903},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The chapter presents a social psychological approach to the study of rape and sexual assault. Two issues are at the core of this approach: identifying the critical variables that affect attributions of responsibility to victims of rape. and exploring people's subjective definitions of rape, which may differ markedly from legal definitions. Following a review of the American evidence, a series of studies conductcd in two European countries is presented to address these issues.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Reich1995,
  author    = {Reich, Sebastian},
  title     = {Smoothed dynamics of highly oscillatory Hamiltonian systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15639},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {We consider the numerical treatment of Hamiltonian systems that contain a potential which grows large when the system deviates from the equilibrium value of the potential. Such systems arise, e.g., in molecular dynamics simulations and the spatial discretization of Hamiltonian partial differential equations. Since the presence of highly oscillatory terms in the solutions forces any explicit integrator to use very small step size, the numerical integration of such systems provides a challenging task. It has been suggested before to replace the strong potential by a holonomic constraint that forces the solutions to stay at the equilibrium value of the potential. This approach has, e.g., been successfully applied to the bond stretching in molecular dynamics simulations. In other cases, such as the bond-angle bending, this methods fails due to the introduced rigidity. Here we give a careful analysis of the analytical problem by means of a smoothing operator. This will lead us to the notion of the smoothed dynamics of a highly oscillatory Hamiltonian system. Based on our analysis, we suggest a new constrained formulation that maintains the flexibility of the system while at the same time suppressing the high-frequency components in the solutions and thus allowing for larger time steps. The new constrained formulation is Hamiltonian and can be discretized by the well-known SHAKE method.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1990,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Situation cognition and coherence in personality : an individual-centered approach},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33554},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {This volume reexamines the long-standing controversy about consistency in personality from a social psychological perspective. Barabara Krah{\´e} reconsiders the concept of consistency in terms of the systematic coherence of situation cognition and behaviour across situations. In the first part of the volume she undertakes an examination of recent social psychological models of situation cognition for their ability to clarify the principles underlying the perception of situational similarities. She then advances an individual-centred methedology in which nomothetic hypotheses about cross-situational coherence are tested on the basis of idiogrphic measurement of situation cognition and behaviour. In the second part of the volume, a series of empirical studies is reported which apply the individual-centred framework to the analysis of cross-situational coherence in the domain of anxiety-provoking situations. These studies are distinctive in that they extend over several months and use free-response data; they are based on idiographic sampling; and they employ explicit theoretical models to capture the central features of situation perception. The results demonstrate the benefits of integrating idiographic and nomothetic research strategies and exploiting the advantages of both perspectives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1986,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Similar perceptions, similar reactions : an idiographic approach to cross-situational coherence},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34435},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {The study provides a test of the interactionist concept of behavioral coherence across situations. Following an approach suggested by D. Magnusson and B. Ekehammer (1978, Journal of Research in Personality, 12, 41-48), individual correlations between self-reported behavior patterns and perceived similarity ratings across anxiety-provoking situations are obtained as measures of coherence. Unlike the Magnusson and Ekehammar study, the present measures of situation cognition and behavior are based on an idiographic sampling of anxiety-provoking situations. As a step toward concept-based measurement of situation cognition, further measures of perceived situational similarity are derived from the script, prototype, and social episodes models in social psychology and correlated with cross-situational similarity of behavioral profiles. It is demonstrated, in comparison with the findings of Magnusson and Ekehammar, that correlations between similarity ratings and behavior patterns increase substantially as a result of an idiographic sampling of situations. Moreover, it is shown that "script," "prototype," and "social episode" measures can be utilized to investigate the covariation between situation cognition and behavior, thus contributing to the clarification of the principles of cognitive representation of situational experience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RolfsLaubrockKliegl2006,
  author    = {Rolfs, Martin and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Shortening and Prolongation of Saccade Latencies Following Microsaccades},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57012},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {When the eyes fixate at a point in a visual scene, small saccades rapidly shift the image on the retina. The effect of these microsaccades on the latency of subsequent large-scale saccades may be twofold. First, microsaccades are associated with an enhancement of visual perception. Their occurrence during saccade target perception should, thus, decrease saccade latencies. On the other hand, microsaccades likely indicate activity in fixation-related oculomotor neurons. These represent competitors to saccade-related cells in the interplay of gaze holding and shifting. Consequently, an increase in saccade latencies after microsaccades would be expected. Here, we present evidence for both aspects of microsaccadic impact on saccade latency. In a delayed response task, participants made saccades to visible or memorized targets. First, microsaccade occurrence up to 50 ms before target disappearance correlated with 18 ms (or 8\%) faster saccades to memorized targets. Second, if microsaccades occurred shortly (i.e., < 150 ms) before a saccade was required, saccadic reaction times in visual and memory trials were increased by about 40 ms (or 16\%). Hence, microsaccades can have opposite consequences for saccade latencies, pointing at a differential role of these fixational eye movements in preparation of motor programs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MayrKliegl1993,
  author    = {Mayr, Ulrich and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Sequential and coordinative complexity : age-based processing limitations in figural transformations},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40416},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Dimensions of cognitive complexity in figural transformations were examined in the context of adult age differences. Sequential complexity was manipulated through figural transformations of single objects in a multiple-object array. Coordinative complexity was induced through spatial or nonspatial transformations of the entire array. Results confirmed the prediction that age-related slowing is larger in coordinative complexity than in sequential complexity conditions. The effect was stable across 8 sessions (Experiment 1), was obtained when age groups were equated in accuracy with criterion-referenced testing (Experiment 2), and was corroborated by age-differential probabilities of error types (Experiments 1 and 2). A model is proposed attributing age effects under coordinative complexity to 2 factors: (a) basic-level slowing and (b) time-consuming reiterations through the processing sequence due to age-related working memory failures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KoechyBrakenhielm2008,
  author    = {K{\"o}chy, Martin and Br{\aa}kenhielm, Sven},
  title     = {Separation of effects of moderate N deposition from natural change in ground vegetation of forests and bogs},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16621},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {The effect of moderate rates of nitrogen deposition on ground floor vegetation is poorly predicted by uncontrolled surveys or fertilization experiments using high rates of nitrogen (N) addition. We compared the temporal trends of ground floor vegetation in permanent plots with moderate (7-13 kg ha-1 year-1) and lower bulk N deposition (4-6 kg ha-1 year-1) in southern Sweden during 1982-1998. We examined whether trends differed between growth forms (vascular plants and bryophytes) and vegetation types (three types of coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and bog). Trends of site-standardized cover and richness varied among growth forms, vegetation types, and deposition regions. Cover in spruce forests decreased at the same rate with both moderate and low deposition. In pine forests cover decreased faster with moderate deposition and in bogs cover decreased faster with low deposition. Cover of bryophytes in spruce forests increased at the same rate with both moderate and low deposition. In pine forests cover decreased faster with moderate deposition and in bogs and deciduous forests there was a strong non-linear increase with moderate deposition. The trend of number of vascular plants was constant with moderate and decreased with low deposition. We found no trend in the number of bryophyte species. We propose that the decrease of cover and number with low deposition was related to normal ecosystem development (increased shading), suggesting that N deposition maintained or increased the competitiveness of some species in the moderate-deposition region. Deposition had no consistent negative effect on vegetation suggesting that it is less important than normal successional processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HohensteinLaubrockKliegl2010,
  author    = {Hohenstein, Sven and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading: a parafoveal past-priming study},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57203},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pre-target word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms) effects were not significant but numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaschewskyRingsdorfSchmidtetal.1987,
  author    = {Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, H. and Schmidt, G. and Schneider, J.},
  title     = {Self-organization of polymeric lipids with hydrophilic spacers in side groups and main chain : investigation in monolayers and multilayers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17147},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {Several polymerizable lipids were synthesized and polymerized to amphiphilic homopolymers and to copolymers with the help of hydrophilic comonomers. The self-organization of these polymeric lipids was investigated in monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers. The self-organization of these polymers in model membranes is due to hydrophilic spacer groups in the amphiphilic side groups as well as to hydrophilic spacer groups in the polymer backbone. Thus, highly ordered monolayers and LB-multilayers are easily obtained.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LupoPrassScheunemannetal.1988,
  author    = {Lupo, Donald and Prass, Werner and Scheunemann, Ude and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, Helmut and Ledoux, Isabelle},
  title     = {Second-harmonic generation in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of stilbazium salt and phenylhydrazone dyes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17401},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Contents: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS OF THE COMPOUNDS 3. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOLAYERS A. Monolayer Isotherms B. Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayer Films 4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR NONLINEAR MEASUREMENTS 5. NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES 6. DISCUSSION 7. CONCLUSION},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HatzichristouHopf1992,
  author    = {Hatzichristou, Chryse and Hopf, Diether},
  title     = {School performance and adjustment of Greek remigrant students in the schools of their home country},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-36352},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {This study explores the adjustment of Greek remigrant students in Greek public schools after their families' return to Greece from the Federal Republic of Germany. Teacher and self-rating instruments were used, and achievement and language competence data were obtained. The sample consisted of 13- to 15-year-old junior high school students in northern Greece. The remigrant students were divided into two groups ("early return" and "late return"), based on the year of return to Greece. The control group consisted of all the local classmates of these students. Remigrant students (mainly late return) were found to experience difficulties mainly in the language/learning domain and less in the interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior domains.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ChristmannWarlouzet2006,
  author    = {Christmann, Olivia and Warlouzet, Laurent},
  title     = {Scenarios of "Europe-puissance" : the French foreign policy in Europe by 2020},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48399},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Forum: EU-Diplomatie im Jahre 2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaschewskySchulzHanke1993,
  author    = {Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Schulz-Hanke, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of amphiphilic norbornenes functionalized with non-linear optical (NLO) chromophores},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-26917},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Contents: Potential of amphiphilic NLO polymers Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) Properties of the polymers Monolayer properties Experimental part - Methods - Materials - Analytical data - General polymerization procedure Conclusions},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KoechyMathajJeltschetal.2008,
  author    = {K{\"o}chy, Martin and Mathaj, Martin and Jeltsch, Florian and Malkinson, Dan},
  title     = {Resilience of stocking capacity to changing climate in arid to Mediterranean landscapes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18720},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Small livestock is an important resource for rural human populations in dry climates. How strongly will climate change affect the capacity of the rangeland? We used hierarchical modelling to scale quantitatively the growth of shrubs and annual plants, the main food of sheep and goats, to the landscape extent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Without grazing, productivity increased in a sigmoid way with mean annual precipitation. Grazing reduced productivity more strongly the drier the landscape. At a point just under the stocking capacity of the vegetation, productivity declined precipitously with more intense grazing due to a lack of seed production of annuals. We repeated simulations with precipitation patterns projected by two contrasting IPCC scenarios. Compared to results based on historic patterns, productivity and stocking capacity did not differ in most cases. Thus, grazing intensity remains the stronger impact on landscape productivity in this dry region even in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BaltesDittmannKohliKliegl1986,
  author    = {Baltes, Paul B. and Dittmann-Kohli, Freya and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Reserve capacity of the elderly in aging-sensitive tests of fluid intelligence : replication and extension},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39939},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {Fluid intelligence belongs to that cluster of intellectual abilities evincing aging loss. To examine further the range of intellectual reserve available to aging individuals and the question of replicability in a new cultural and laboratory setting, 204 healthy older adults (mean age = 72 years; range = 60-86) participated in a short-term longitudinal training study. For experimental subjects, 10 sessions consisted of cognitive training involving two subability tests (Figural Relations, Induction) of fluid intelligence. The pattern of outcomes replicates and expands on earlier studies. Older adults have the reserve to evince substantial increases in levels of performance in fluid intelligence tests. Transfer of training, however, is narrow in scope. Training also increases accuracy of performance and the ability to solve more difficult test items. Difficulty level was estimated in a separate study, with a comparable sample of N = 112 elderly adults. Future research is suggested to examine whether intellectual reserve extends to near-maximum levels of performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RozanskiKremerKoeberleetal.1995,
  author    = {Rozanski, Stanislaw A. and Kremer, Friedrich and K{\"o}berle, Peter and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Relaxation and charge transport in mixtures of zwitterionic polymers and inorganic salts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17438},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {Dielectric spectroscopy is employed to analyze the molecular dynamics and the charge transport in mixtures of zwitterionic polymers of the type poly{3 [N(-methacryloyloxyalkyl)] N, [N-dimethylammonio propanesulfonate] with sodium iodide in the frequency range of 10²Hz-10(up)7 Hz and in the temperature range of 110 K-400 K. The amount of inorganic salt added varies from 0-200 mol-\% relative to the number of zwitterionic groups present in the polymer, contributing strongly to the conductivity. One relaxation process is observed whose relaxation rate depends strongly on the length of the aliphatic spacer between the polymethacrylate main chain and the zwitterionic group. Exhibiting an Arrhenius-like temperature depence with activation energy EA = 47 KJ/mol, this relaxation process is assigned to fluctuation of the quaternary ammonium groups in the side chains. At higher temperatures, the dielectric properties and the conductivity are primarily dominated by the mobile inorganic ions: conductivity strongly depends on the salt concentration, showing a pronounced electrode polarization effect. The frequency and salt concentration, dependences of the conductivity can be quantitatively described as hopping of charge carriers being subject to spatially randomly varying energy barriers. For the low-frequency regime and for the critical frequency marking the onset of the conductivity's dispersion, the Barton-Nakajima-Namikawa (BNN) relationship is fulfilled.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglOlsenDavidson1982,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Olsen, Richard K. and Davidson, Brian J.},
  title     = {Regression analyses as a tool for studying reading processes : comment on Just and Carpenter's eye fixation theory},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16857},
  year      = {1982},
  abstract  = {Just and Carpenter (1980) presented a theory of reading based on eye fixations wherein their "psycholinguistic" variables accounted for 72\% of the variance in word gaze durations. This comment raises some statistical and theoretical problems with their use of simultaneous regression analysis of gaze duration measures and with the resulting theory of reading. A major problem was the confounding of perceptual with psycholinguistic factors. New eye fixation data are presented to support these criticisms. Analysis of fixations within words revealed that most gaze duration variance was contributed by number of fixations rather than by fixation duration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglOlson1981,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Olson, Richard K.},
  title     = {Reduction and calibration of eye monitor data},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39875},
  year      = {1981},
  abstract  = {The present paper presents FORTRAN programs for reducing eye monitor output to fixations and for mapping these fixations to locations in the stimulus space. Flexible parameters of the fixations program allow for determination of the beginning and end of fixations under different resolution criteria and for indicating loss of accurate measurement. The calibration program is based on a rectangular 9-point fixation grid. Each fixation is rescaled within this grid by solving for a quadratic equation. The rescaled values are output in a flexibly determined rectangular coordinate system that is related to the stimulus space, such as character position on the screen. The programs were developed for the 60-Hz Applied Sciences corneal reflection eye monitor, but they may be used with a number of other systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AntonKoeberleLaschewsky1993,
  author    = {Anton, Peter and K{\"o}berle, Peter and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Recent developments in the field of micellar polymers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17263},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {This article describes recent achievements in the field of micellar polymers, or polysoaps. Taking advantage of zwitterionic model polymers, systematic variations of the molecular architecture have provided an improved understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure of the polymers and their key properties such as surface activity and solubilization capacity. Useful rules are established, which take into account much of the previous data in the literature.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Selting1994,
  author    = {Selting, Margret},
  title     = {Question intonation revisited : the intonation of conversational questions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43179},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {Content: 1. Introduction 2. Aim and approach of the present analysis 3. Non-restrictive 'open' conversational questions 4. More restrictive "narrower" questions 5. "Deviant cases" 6. Conclusions},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HildebrandtCharbonniereZiesseletal.2006,
  author    = {Hildebrandt, Nico and Charbonni{\`e}re, Lo{\"i}c J. and Ziessel, Raymond F. and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd},
  title     = {Quantum dots as resonance energy transfer acceptors for monitoring biological interactions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12213},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Quantum dots (QDs) are common as luminescing markers for imaging in biological applications because their optical properties seem to be inert against their surrounding solvent. This, together with broad and strong absorption bands and intense, sharp tuneable luminescence bands, makes them interesting candidates for methods utilizing Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), e. g. for sensitive homogeneous fluoroimmunoassays (FIA). In this work we demonstrate energy transfer from Eu3+-trisbipyridin (Eu-TBP) donors to CdSe-ZnS-QD acceptors in solutions with and without serum. The QDs are commercially available CdSe-ZnS core-shell particles emitting at 655 nm (QD655). The FRET system was achieved by the binding of the streptavidin conjugated donors with the biotin conjugated acceptors. After excitation of Eu-TBP and as result of the energy transfer, the luminescence of the QD655 acceptors also showed lengthened decay times like the donors. The energy transfer efficiency, as calculated from the decay times of the bound and the unbound components, amounted to 37\%. The Forster-radius, estimated from the absorption and emission bands, was ca. 77{\AA}. The effective binding ratio, which not only depends on the ratio of binding pairs but also on unspecific binding, was obtained from the donor emission dependent on the concentration. As serum promotes unspecific binding, the overall FRET efficiency of the assay was reduced. We conclude that QDs are good substitutes for acceptors in FRET if combined with slow decay donors like Europium. The investigation of the influence of the serum provides guidance towards improving binding properties of QD assays.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BeckHildebrandtLoehmannsroeben2006,
  author    = {Beck, Michael and Hildebrandt, Niko and L{\"o}hmannsr{\"o}ben, Hans-Gerd},
  title     = {Quantum dots as acceptors in FRET-assays containing serum},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9504},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Quantum dots (QDs) are common as luminescing markers for imaging in biological applications because their optical properties seem to be inert against their surrounding solvent. This, together with broad and strong absorption bands and intense, sharp tuneable luminescence bands, makes them interesting candidates for methods utilizing F{\"o}rster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), e. g. for sensitive homogeneous fluoroimmunoassays (FIA). In this work we demonstrate energy transfer from Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-trisbipyridin (Eu-TBP) donors to CdSe-ZnS-QD acceptors in solutions with and without serum. The QDs are commercially available CdSe-ZnS core-shell particles emitting at 655 nm (QD655). The FRET system was achieved by the binding of the streptavidin conjugated donors with the biotin conjugated acceptors. After excitation of Eu-TBP and as result of the energy transfer, the luminescence of the QD655 acceptors also showed lengthened decay times like the donors. The energy transfer efficiency, as calculated from the decay times of the bound and the unbound components, amounted to 37\%. The F{\"o}rster-radius, estimated from the absorption and emission bands, was ca. 77 {\AA}. The effective binding ratio, which not only depends on the ratio of binding pairs but also on unspecific binding, was obtained from the donor emission dependent on the concentration. As serum promotes unspecific binding, the overall FRET efficiency of the assay was reduced. We conclude that QDs are good substitutes for acceptors in FRET if combined with slow decay donors like Europium. The investigation of the influence of the serum provides guidance towards improving binding properties of QD assays.},
  subject      = {Quantenpunkt},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kliegl2008,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Publication Statistics Show Collaboration, Not Competition},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57198},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Selting1992,
  author    = {Selting, Margret},
  title     = {Prosody in conversational questions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-36635},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {My analysis of question-word questions in conversational question-answer sequences results in the decomposition of the conversational question into three systems of constitutive cues, which signal and contextualize the particular activity type in conversational interaction: (1) syntactic structure, (2) semantic relation to prior turn, and (3) prosody. These components are used and combined by interlocutors to distinguish between different activity types which (4) sequentially implicate different types of answers by the recipient in the next turn. Prosody is only one cooccurring cue, but in some cases it is the only distinctive one. It is shown that prosody, and in particular intonation, cannot be determined or even systematically related to syntactic sentence structure type or other sentence-grammatical principles, as most former and current theories of intonation postulate. Instead, prosody is an independent, autonomous signalling system, which is used as a contextualization device for the constitution of interactively relevant activity types in conversation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LindenbergerKlieglBates1992,
  author    = {Lindenberger, Ulman and Kliegl, Reinhold and Bates, Paul B.},
  title     = {Professional expertise does not eliminate age differences in imagery-based memory performance during adulthood},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40384},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {Using a testing-the-limits paradigm, the authors investigated the modulation (attenuation) o f negative adult age differences in imagery-based memory performance as a function of professional expertise. Six older graphic designers, 6 normal older adults, 6 younger graphic design students, and 6 normal younger students participated in a 19-session program with a cued-recall variant of the Method of Loci. Older graphic designers attained higher levels o f mnemonic performance than normal older adults but were not able to reach younger adults' level of performance; a perfect separation of age groups was achieved. Spatial visualization was a good predictor of mnemonic performance. Results suggest that negative adult age differences in imagery-based memory are attenuated but not eliminated by the advantages associated with criterion-relevant ability (talent) and experience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Peter1980,
  author    = {Peter, Martin G.},
  title     = {Products of in vitro oxidation of N-acetyldopamine as possible components in the sclerotization of insect cuticle},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16759},
  year      = {1980},
  abstract  = {[1-14C]-N-Acetyldopamine (NADA) was oxidized in the presence of methyl [3-3H]-β-alanate with mushroom tyrosinase. The complex mixture of reaction products was partly resolved by chromatographic procedures and analyzed by spectroscopic methods. Methyl-β-alanate is incorporated to only a small extent into oxidation products of NADA which inter alia are presumed to be oligomeric hydroxyquinones. After oxidation of [1-14C, 2-3H]-NADA with preparations from tanning Manduca sexta pupal cuticle, N-acetylnoradrenalin was identified as one of the products. Binding of radioactivity to melanin-like material was also observed. These results suggest that oxidation products different from those formulated usually for the crosslinkages between protein amino groups and N-acetyldopaquinone are deposited in darkly brown coloured insect cuticles during sclerotization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LindenmaierZeheDittfurthetal.2004,
  author    = {Lindenmaier, Falk and Zehe, Erwin and Dittfurth, Angela and Ihringer, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Process identification at a slow-moving landslide in the Vorarlberg Alps},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60226},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {A fine-grained slope that exhibits slow movement rates was investigated to understand how geohydrological processes contribute to a consecutive development of mass movements in the Vorarlberg Alps, Austria. For that purpose intensive hydrometeorological, hydrogeological and geotechnical observations as well as surveying of surface movement rates were conducted during 1998-2001. Subsurface water dynamics at the creeping slope turned out to be dominated by a three-dimensional pressure system. The pressure reaction is triggered by fast infiltration of surface water and subsequent lateral water flow in the south-western part of the hillslope. The related pressure signal was shown to propagate further downhill, causing fast reactions of the piezometric head at 5Ð5 m depth on a daily time scale. The observed pressure reactions might belong to a temporary hillslope water body that extends further downhill. The related buoyancy forces could be one of the driving forces for the mass movement. A physically based hydrological model was adopted to model simultaneously surface and subsurface water dynamics including evapotranspiration and runoff production. It was possible to reproduce surface runoff and observed pressure reactions in principle. However, as soil hydraulic functions were only estimated on pedotransfer functions, a quantitative comparison between observed and simulated subsurface dynamics is not feasible. Nevertheless, the results suggest that it is possible to reconstruct important spatial structures based on sparse observations in the field which allow reasonable simulations with a physically based hydrological model. Copyright  2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS rainfall-induced landslides; soil creep; hydrological modelling; Vorarlberg; Austria; pressure propagation},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglMayrKrampe1995,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Mayr, Ulrich and Krampe, R. T.},
  title     = {Process dissociations in cognitive aging},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40428},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {One undisputed finding of cognitive aging research is that the two main clusters of intellectual abilities, fluid and crystallized abilities, exhibit differential age-related trends. Healthy older adults perform less well than young adults on almost any task that requires fast responses or taps the fluid or mechanical aspects of intelligence; they show much less of a decline, if any at all, in tasks requiring the access of their crystallized knowledge (Baltes, 1987; Horn, 1970). These age-differential trends are the prototype of what we will refer to as a process dissociation. We will show how process dissociations can be established within the domain of fluid intelligence that pass more stringent tests than is customary in experimental research on cognitive aging.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglRisseLaubrock2007,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Risse, Sarah and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {Preview Benefit and Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects from Word N+2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57186},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, we manipulated preview of word n+2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for first-pass reading on word n+2, replicating the results of Rayner, Juhasz, and Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the three-letter word n+1, that is, after the boundary, but before word n+2. Additionally, both word n+1 and word n+2 exhibited parafoveal-on-foveal effects on word n. Thus, during a fixation on word n and given a short word n+1, some information is extracted from word n+2, supporting the hypothesis of distributed processing in the perceptual span.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WatanabePueschelGardemannetal.1994,
  author    = {Watanabe, Yuji and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Gardemann, Andreas and Jungermann, Kurt},
  title     = {Presinusoidal and proximal intrasinusoidal confluence of hepatic artery and portal vein in rat liver : functional evidence by orthograde and retrograde bivascular perfusion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16702},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The site of confluence of the artery and the portal vein in the liver still appears to be controversial. Anatomical studies suggested a presinusoidal or an intrasinusoidal confluence in the first, second or even final third of the sinusoids. The objective of this investigation was to study the problem with functional biochemical techniques. Rat livers were perfused through the hepatic artery and simultaneously either in the orthograde direction from the portal vein to the hepatic vein or in the retrograde direction from the hepatic vein to the portal vein. Arterial how was linearly dependent on arterial pressure between 70 cm H2O and 120 cm H2O at a constant portal or hepatovenous pressure of 18 cm H2O. An arterial pressure of 100 cm H2O was required for the maintenance of a homogeneous orthograde perfusion of the whole parenchyma and of a physiologic ratio of arterial to portal how of about 1:3. Glucagon was infused either through the artery or the portal vein and hepatic vein, respectively, to a submaximally effective ''calculated'' sinusoidal concentration after mixing of 0.1 nmol/L. During orthograde perfusions, arterial and portal glucagon caused the same increases in glucose output. Yet during retrograde perfusions, hepatovenous glucagon elicited metabolic alterations equal to those in orthograde perfusions, whereas arterial glucagon effected changes strongly reduced to between 10\% and 50\%. Arterially infused trypan blue was distributed homogeneously in the parenchyma during orthograde perfusions, whereas it reached clearly smaller areas of parenchyma during retrograde perfusions. Finally, arterially applied acridine orange was taken up by all periportal hepatocytes in the proximal half of the acinus during orthograde perfusions but only by a much smaller portion of periportal cells in the proximal third of the acinus during retrograde perfusions. These findings suggest that in rat liver, the hepatic artery and the portal vein mix before and within the first third of the sinusoids, rather than in the middle or even last third.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EmbsFunhoffLaschewskyetal.1991,
  author    = {Embs, Frank and Funhoff, Dirk and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Licht, Ulrike and Ohst, Holger and Prass, Werner and Ringsdorf, Helmut and Wegner, Gerhard and Wehrmann, Rolf},
  title     = {Preformed polymers for Langmuir-Blodgett films- molecular concepts},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17196},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The use of preformed polymers for the preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers is reviewed. Principles for polymer self-organization are outlined and the appropriate molecular designs are discussed. Recent developments in the different classes of polymers for LB multilayers are presented, and their outstanding properties highlighted.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EckesKraheSix1989,
  author    = {Eckes, Thomas and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Six, Bernd},
  title     = {Predicting behavior in natural settings : four field studies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33862},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Content Basic Concepts and Applied Perspectives in Attitude-Behavior Research Searching for Medium-Range Models of Behavior Prediction Putting the Models to Test General Discussion References},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WackervonElert2001,
  author    = {Wacker, Alexander and von Elert, Eric},
  title     = {Polyunsaturated fatty acids : evidence for non-substitutable biochemical resources in Daphnia galeata},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17587},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {The factors that determine the efficiency of energy transfer in aquatic food webs have been investigated for many decades. The plant-animal interface is the most variable and least predictable of all levels in the food web. In order to study determinants of food quality in a large lake and to test the recently proposed central importance of the long-chained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the pelagic producer-grazer interface, we tested the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the pelagic producerconsumer interface by correlating sestonic food parameters with somatic growth rates of a clone of Daphnia galeata. Daphnia growth rates were obtained from standardized laboratory experiments spanning one season with Daphnia feeding on natural seston from Lake Constance, a large pre-alpine lake. Somatic growth rates were fitted to sestonic parameters by using a saturation function. A moderate amount of variation was explained when the model included the elemental parameters carbon (r2 = 0.6) and nitrogen (r2 = 0.71). A tighter fit was obtained when sestonic phosphorus was incorporated (r2 = 0.86). The nonlinear regression with EPA was relatively weak (r2 = 0.77), whereas the highest degree of variance was explained by three C18-PUFAs. The best (r2 = 0.95), and only significant, correlation of Daphnia's growth was found with the C18-PUFA α-linolenic acid (α-LA; C18:3n-3). This correlation was weakest in late August when C:P values increased to 300, suggesting that mineral and PUFA-limitation of Daphnia's growth changed seasonally. Sestonic phosphorus and some PUFAs showed not only tight correlations with growth, but also with sestonic α-LA content. We computed Monte Carlo simulations to test whether the observed effects of α-LA on growth could be accounted for by EPA, phosphorus, or one of the two C18-PUFAs, stearidonic acid (C18:4n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6). With >99 \% probability, the correlation of growth with α-LA could not be explained by any of these parameters. In order to test for EPA limitation of Daphnia's growth, in parallel with experiments on pure seston, growth was determined on seston supplemented with chemostat-grown, P-limited Stephanodiscus hantzschii, which is rich in EPA. Although supplementation increased the EPA content 80-800x, no significant changes in the nonlinear regression of the growth rates with α-LA were found, indicating that growth of Daphnia on pure seston was not EPA limited. This indicates that the two fatty acids, EPA and α-LA, were not mutually substitutable biochemical resources and points to different physiological functions of these two PUFAs. These results support the PUFA-limitation hypothesis for sestonic C:P < 300 but are contrary to the hypothesis of a general importance of EPA, since no evidence for EPA limitation was found. It is suggested that the resource ratios of EPA and α-LA rather than the absolute concentrations determine which of the two resources is limiting growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{CochinHendlingerLaschewsky1995,
  author    = {Cochin, Didier and Hendlinger, P. and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Polysoaps with fluorocarbon hydrophobic chains},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17347},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {A series of amphiphilic copolymers is prepared by copolymerization of choline methacrylate with 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate in varying amounts. The copolymers bearing fluorocarbon chains are studied concerning their effects on viscosity, solubilization and surface activity in aqueous solution, exhibiting a general behavior characteristic for polysoaps. The results are compared with the ones obtained for an analogous series of amphiphilic copolymers bearing hydrocarbon chains.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AntonLaschewsky1991,
  author    = {Anton, Peter and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Polysoaps via alternating olefin/SO2 copolymers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17216},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {Contents: Introduction Results and discussion - Monomers studied - Monomer properties - Polymerization, copolymer composition and general properties - Polymer properties in aqueous solution Conclusion Experimental part - Materials - Copolymerization with S02 (typical procedure) - Methods},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchulerLipmanSteinbachetal.2005,
  author    = {Schuler, Benjamin and Lipman, Everett A. and Steinbach, Peter J. and Kumke, Michael Uwe and Eaton, William A.},
  title     = {Polyproline and the "spectroscopic ruler" revisited with single-molecule fluorescence},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12229},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {To determine whether F{\"o}rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements can provide quantitative distance information in single-molecule fluorescence experiments on polypeptides, we measured FRET efficiency distributions for donor and acceptor dyes attached to the ends of freely diffusing polyproline molecules of various lengths. The observed mean FRET efficiencies agree with those determined from ensemble lifetime measurements but differ considerably from the values expected from F{\"o}rster theory, with polyproline treated as a rigid rod. At donor-acceptor distances much less than the F{\"o}rster radius R0, the observed efficiencies are lower than predicted, whereas at distances comparable to and greater than R0, they are much higher. Two possible contributions to the former are incomplete orientational averaging during the donor lifetime and, because of the large size of the dyes, breakdown of the point-dipole approximation assumed in F{\"o}rster theory. End-to-end distance distributions and correlation times obtained from Langevin molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the differences for the longer polyproline peptides can be explained by chain bending, which considerably shortens the donor-acceptor distances.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaschewskyRingsdorfSchmidt1985,
  author    = {Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, H. and Schmidt, G.},
  title     = {Polymerization of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon amphiphiles in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17096},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polymerizable carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon chains were prepared. The multilayers were polymerized by UV light and the reactions were studied by UV/visible spectroscopy. The polyreactions strongly influence the multilayer structures which were investigated by X-ray small-angle scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The spreading behaviour of the monomers, the preparation of multilayers, their reactivities in multilayers and structural effects caused by the polyreactions are discussed with regard to the hydrophilic head groups, the polymerizable groups and the hydrophobic chains.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaschewskyRingsdorf1988,
  author    = {Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Ringsdorf, H.},
  title     = {Polymerization of amphiphilic dienes in Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17176},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Amphiphilic derivatives of octadiene and docosadiene were investigated in monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers, with respect to their self-organization and their polymerization behavior. All amphiphiles investigated form monolayers. However, only acid and alcohol derivatives were able to build up multilayers. Those multilayers are rapidly photopolymerized in the layers via a two-step process: Irradiation with long-wavelength UV light yields soluble polymers, whereas additional irradiation with sfiort-wavelength UV light produces insoluble and presumably cross-linked polymers. The reaction meclianism is discussed according to the polymer characterization by UV spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. All multilayers undergo structural changes during the polymerization; substantial changes result in defects in the polymerized layers as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to the acids and alcohols, the deposition of monolayers of the aldehyde derivatives did not yield well-ordered multilayers, but rather amorphous films. In this different film structure, the photopolymerization process differs from the one observed in multilayers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{JeličićFriedrichJeremićetal.2009,
  author    = {Jeličić, Aleksandra and Friedrich, Alwin and Jeremić, Katarina and Siekmeyer, Gerd and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Polymer hydrogel/polybutadiene/iron oxide nanoparticle hybrid actuators for the characterization of NiTi implants},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48589},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {One of the main issues with the use of nickel titanium alloy (NiTi) implants in cardiovascular implants (stents) is that these devices must be of very high quality in order to avoid subsequent operations due to failing stents. For small stents with diameters below ca. 2 mm, however, stent characterization is not straightforward. One of the main problems is that there are virtually no methods to characterize the interior of the NiTi tubes used for fabrication of these tiny stents. The current paper reports on a robust hybrid actuator for the characterization of NiTi tubes prior to stent fabrication. The method is based on a polymer/hydrogel/magnetic nanoparticle hybrid material and allows for the determination of the inner diameter at virtually all places in the raw NiTi tubes. Knowledge of the inner structure of the raw NiTi tubes is crucial to avoid regions that are not hollow or regions that are likely to fail due to defects inside the raw tube. The actuator enables close contact of a magnetic polymer film with the inner NiTi tube surface. The magnetic signal can be detected from outside and be used for a direct mapping of the tube interior. As a result, it is possible to detect critical regions prior to expensive and slow stent fabrication processes.},
  language  = {en}
}